Academic literature on the topic 'Bai hua wen'

The objective duality of the world, man and mankind should correspond to the pairing of Oriental studies and Western studies, however, science and pedagogy know only the first, or orientalistics. This monopoly was the result of the formation of the modern system of sciences in the field of the global domination of the West, representing the East as its opposite — the Non-West and / or interpreting interaction with it in value-asymmetric categories of culture and barbarism. The publication in 2006 of the Russian translation of E. Said's famous anti-Eastern book “Orientalism” and the scientific and educational reform of 2010-2013, provoked a discussion of Russian orientalists in the sense of the concepts of the East and the scientific status of Oriental studies as a complex and supra-branch discipline, which is either a syncretic underscience, or a synthetic superscience. Similar problems have been discussed in Russian Sinology since the 19th, since of all the highly developed cultures of the East, Chinese is the most syncretic, and the science about it is the most synthetic. In traditional China, there were no divisions customary for the West into philosophy and religion / theologians, philosophy and science, humanitarian and natural disciplines, fine and applied arts, etc. Russian Sinology, created at the beginning of the 18th century, corresponded to this specificity, simultaneously with “cutting a window to Europe” to address similar government requests. In the USSR, it was divided into classical Sinology, which was concentrated in Leningrad, with an emphasis on philology and wen-yan, and Soviet Sinology, which was concentrated in Moscow, with an emphasis on history, social studies, and bai-hua. As a result, it was possible to find the most complete reflection in accordance with the standards of classical sinology of the 6-volume encyclopedia “Spiritual Culture of China” (2006-2010). The results of this convergence were also recorded by the 10-volume “History of China from Ancient Times to the Beginning of the 21st Century”, which largely inherited Soviet Sinology (2013-2017). After analyzing these historical phenomena, the article describes the main achievements and problems of Russian Sinology over the past decade and the challenges it faces in the light of the modern rethinking of the scientific status of all oriental studies.

Abstract Backgrounds: Since human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancers may have different HER2/CEP17 ratios and HER2 copy numbers, outcomes of HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with anti-HER2 neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) may be different. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between different groups of HER2 fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) positive patterns and response to anti-HER2 NACT. Methods: 513 HER2-positive invasive breast cancers who received anti-HER2 NACT in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, during January 2015 to September 2020, were collected. According to FISH results, 513 patients were divided into three groups. Group A: HER2/CEP17 < 2.0 and HER2 average copy number ≥6.0; Group B: HER2/CEP17≥2.0 and HER2 average copy number ≥4.0 and < 6.0; Group C: HER2/CEP17≥2.0 and HER2 average copy number ≥6.0. Clinicopathological characteristics and pathological complete response(pCR) rates of three groups were analyzed. Results: All 513 patients were treated with anti-HER2 NACT. The anti-HER2 treatment included trastuzumab in 463 (90.3%) patients, trastuzumab plus pertuzumab in 21 (4.1%) patients, trastuzumab plus lapatinib in 3 (0.6%) patients, and trastuzumab plus pyrotinib in 1 (0.2%) patient. 25 (4.9%) cases were unblinded in clinical trials, who were treated either with trastuzumab plus pertuzumab or with trastuzumab plus pyrotinib. Among 513 patients, 237 cases (46.2%)were luminal B (hormone receptor positive and HER2 positive) and 276 cases (53.8%) were hormone receptor negative and HER2 overexpressed (HER2 overexpression type). According to IHC results, cases with HER2 1+,2+ and 3+ were 8 (1.6%), 123 (24.0%) and 382(74.5%), respectively. Among them, 0.0%, 25.2%, and 48.7% achieved pCR (p<0.001). The pCR rate of HER2 overexpression type was higher than that of luminal B type (54.0% vs 28.7%, P<0.001). Lymph nodes with metastasis after NACT in luminal B type was higher than that of HER2 overexpression type (43.0% vs 21.4%, P<0.001). According to HER2-FISH results, 11 cases (2.1%) were group A, 28 cases (5.5%) were group B and 474 cases (92.4%) were group C. Compared with the pCR rate of group A (36.4%) and group C (44.5%), the pCR rate in group B (7.1%) was significantly lower (p<0.001). Conclusions: Among HER2-positive breast cancers, HER2 protein expression level was positively correlated with pCR rate. Luminal B(HER2+)patients benefited less from anti-HER2 NACT than HER2 overexpression patients. Although all were invasive breast cancers with positive HER2-FISH results, patients with HER2/CEP17≥2.0 and HER2 copy number ≥4.0 and <6.0 seemed to respond less favorably to anti-HER2 NACT compared with other groups. The biological characteristics of this group of patients are worthy of further study. Citation Format: Hong Lv, Qian-Ming Bai, Yin Liu, Zhong-Hua Wang, Ruo-Hong Shui, Hong-Fen Lu, Xiao-Li Xu, Bao-Hua Yu, Xiao-Yu Tu, Rui Bi, Yu-Fan Cheng, Xiao-Yan Zhou, Zhi-Min Shao, Wen-Tao Yang. Response to anti-HER2 neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive breast cancers with different HER2 FISH-positive patterns [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-13-11.

Background Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers in Taiwan. Some patients take Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). However, very few current studies have ascertained the usage and efficacy of CHM in patients with cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the benefits of complementary CHM among patients with cervical cancer in Taiwan. Methods We included the newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients who were registered in the Taiwanese Registry for Catastrophic Illness Patients Database between 2000 and 2010. The end of follow-up period was December 31, 2011. Patients who were less than 20 years old, had missing information for age, withdrew from the National Health Insurance (NHI) program during the follow-up period, or only received other TCM interventions such as acupuncture or tuina massage were excluded from our study. After performing 1:1 frequency matching by age and index date, we enrolled 7521 patients in both CHM and non-CHM user groups. A Cox regression model was used to compare the hazard ratios (HRs) of the risk of mortality. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to compare the difference in survival time. Results According to the Cox hazard ratio model mutually adjusted for CHM use, age, comorbidity, treatment, and chemotherapeutic agents used, we found that CHM users had a lower hazard ratio of mortality risk (adjusted HR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.27-0.31). The survival probability was higher for patients in the CHM group. Bai-Hua-She-She-Cao ( Herba Oldenlandiae, synonym Herba Hedyotis diffusae) and Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San were the most commonly prescribed single herb and Chinese herbal formula, respectively. Conclusions Adjunctive CHM may have positive effects of reducing mortality rate and improving the survival probability for cervical cancer patients. Further evidence-based pharmacological investigations and clinical trials are warranted to confirm the findings in our study.

In recent years, many attempts have been made to improve the sensory properties of SnO2, including design of sensors based on one-dimensional nanostructures of this material, such as nanofibers, nanotubes or nanowires. One of the simpler methods of producing one-dimensional tin oxide nanomaterials is to combine the electrospinning method with a sol-gel process. The purpose of this work was to produce SnO2 nanowires using a hybrid electrospinning method combined with a heat treatment process at the temperature of 600 °C and to analyze the morphology and structure of the one-dimensional nanomaterial produced in this way. Analysis of the morphology of composite one-dimensional tin oxide nanostructures showed that smooth, homogeneous and crystalline nanowires were obtained. Full Text: PDF ReferencesN. Dharmaraj, C.H. Kim, K.W. Kim, H.Y. Kim, E.K. Suh, "Spectral studies of SnO2 nanofibres prepared by electrospinning method", Spectrochim. Acta - Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 64, (2006) CrossRef N. Gao, H.Y. Li, W. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. Zeng, H. Zhixiang, ... & H. Liu, "QCM-based humidity sensor and sensing properties employing colloidal SnO2 nanowires", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 293, (2019), 129-135. CrossRef W. Ge, Y. Chang, V. Natarajan, Z. Feng, J. Zhan, X. Ma, "In2O3-SnO2 hybrid porous nanostructures delivering enhanced formaldehyde sensing performance", J.Alloys and Comp. 746, (2018) CrossRef M. Zhang, Y. Zhen, F. Sun, C. Xu, "Hydrothermally synthesized SnO2-graphene composites for H2 sensing at low operating temperature", Mater. Sci. Eng. B. 209, (2016), 37-44. CrossRef Y. Zhang, X. He, J. Li, Z. Miao, F. Huang, "Fabrication and ethanol-sensing properties of micro gas sensor based on electrospun SnO2 nanofibers", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 132, (2008), 67-73. CrossRef W.Q. Li, S.Y. Ma, J. Luo, Y.Z. Mao, L. Cheng, D.J. Gengzang, X.L. Xu, S H. Yan, "Synthesis of hollow SnO2 nanobelts and their application in acetone sensor", Mater. Lett. 132, (2014), 338-341. CrossRef E. Mudra, I. Shepa, O. Milkovic, Z. Dankova, A. Kovalcikova, A. Annusova, E. Majkova, J. Dusza, "Effect of iron doping on the properties of SnO2 nano/microfibers", Appl. Surf. Sci. 480, (2019), 876-881. CrossRef P. Mohanapriya, H. Segawa, K. Watanabe, K. Watanabe, S. Samitsu, T.S. Natarajan, N.V. Jaya, N. Ohashi, "Enhanced ethanol-gas sensing performance of Ce-doped SnO2 hollow nanofibers prepared by electrospinning", Sens. Actuators B Chem. 188, (2013), 872-878. CrossRef W.Q. Li, S.Y. Ma, Y.F. Li, X.B. Li, C.Y. Wang, X.H. Yang, L. Cheng, Y.Z. Mao, J. Luo, D.J. Gengzang, G.X. Wan, X.L. Xu, "Preparation of Pr-doped SnO2 hollow nanofibers by electrospinning method and their gas sensing properties", J.Alloys and Comp. 605, (2014), 80-88. CrossRef X.H. Xu, S.Y. Ma, X.L. Xu, T. Han, S.T. Pei, Y. Tie, P.F. Cao, W.W. Liu, B.J. Wang, R. Zhang, J.L. Zhang, "Ultra-sensitive glycol sensing performance with rapid-recovery based on heterostructured ZnO-SnO2 hollow nanotube", Mater. Lett, 273, (2020), 127967. CrossRef F. Li, X. Gao, R. Wang, T. Zhang, G. Lu, Sens. "Study on TiO2-SnO2 core-shell heterostructure nanofibers with different work function and its application in gas sensor", Actuators B Chem, 248, (2017), 812-819. CrossRef S. Bai, W. Guo, J. Sun, J. Li, Y. Tian, A. Chen, R. Luo, D. Li, "Synthesis of SnO2–CuO heterojunction using electrospinning and application in detecting of CO", Sens Actuators B Chem, 226, (2016), 96-103. CrossRef H. Du, P.J. Yao, Y. Sun, J. Wang, H. Wang, N. Yu, "Electrospinning Hetero-Nanofibers In2O3/SnO2 of Homotype Heterojunction with High Gas Sensing Activity", Sensors, 17, (2017), 1822. CrossRef X. Wang, H. Fan, P. Ren, "Electrospinning derived hollow SnO2 microtubes with highly photocatalytic property", Catal. Commun. 31, (2013), 37-41. CrossRef L. Cheng, S.Y. Ma, T.T. Wang, X.B. Li, J. Luo, W.Q. Li, Y.Z. Mao, D.J Gengzang, "Synthesis and characterization of SnO2 hollow nanofibers by electrospinning for ethanol sensing properties", Mater. Lett. 131, (2014), 23-26. CrossRef P.H. Phuoc, C.M. Hung, N.V. Toan, N.V. Duy, N.D. Hoa, N.V. Hieu, "One-step fabrication of SnO2 porous nanofiber gas sensors for sub-ppm H2S detection", Sens. Actuators A Phys. 303, (2020), 111722. CrossRef A.E. Deniz, H.A. Vural, B. Ortac, T. Uyar, "Gold nanoparticle/polymer nanofibrous composites by laser ablation and electrospinning", Matter. Lett. 65, (2011), 2941-2943. CrossRef S. Sagadevan, J. Podder, "Investigation on Structural, Surface Morphological and Dielectric Properties of Zn-doped SnO2 Nanoparticles", Mater. Res. 19, (2016), 420-425. CrossRef

Los derechos de acceso, participación y tutela judicial, así
 como la difusión de información en materia ambiental han sufrido una
 gran evolución como consecuencia de la ratifi cación del Convenio de
 Aarhus. Tanto la Unión Europea como los diferentes Estados han ratifi cado
 este Convenio. No se puede menos que afi rmar el carácter democráticamente
 avanzado de esta normativa, aunque la distancia entre norma y
 realidad parece agrandarse en esta materia. Así lo pone de manifi esto el
 autor cuando evidencia la utilización de instrumentos como la validación
 legislativa, es decir, la intervención de los Parlamentos para legalizar en
 algunos casos, o permitir en otros, intervenciones que los Tribunales han
 considerado ilegales. En este punto la participación se niega radicalmente,
 imponiéndose vía parlamentaria decisiones de ordenación del territorio
 que deberían adoptarse por otros procedimientos y, en especial,
 respetando los procesos participativos de la población. Las nuevas tecnologías
 de la información ofrecen los instrumentos necesarios para lograr
 que el acceso y la difusión de la información sean más fácilmente
 realizables. En materia ambiental se ha producido un avance importante,
 aunque la confrontación entre los derechos a la información y la obligación de difusión de los poderes públicos no se cumple con la debida efi -
 cacia, tal como se evidencia en este estudio al realizar un análisis de las
 páginas web que deben tener un contenido informativo ambiental determinado.
 Concluye el autor llamando la atención sobre la necesidad de
 modifi car la cultura democrática existente para que los derechos de acceso
 y participación y la difusión de la información en materia de ordenación
 del territorio y el medio ambiente se apliquen adecuadamente. Ingurumen arloan, sarbide, partaidetza eta tutoretza judizialeko
 eskubideak, bai eta informazioaren zabalkundeak ere, bilakaera
 handia izan dute, Aarhusko Hitzarmena berrestearen ondorioz. Europar
 Batasunak nahiz estatu guztiek berretsi dute hitzarmen hori. Baieztatu
 egin behar da, inondik ere, araudi horren izaera demokratikoki aurreratua,
 nahiz eta arauaren eta errealitatearen arteko aldea handitu egiten
 bide den arlo honetan. Horrela jartzen du agerian egileak, legebiltzar-berrespena
 bezalako tresnak erabiltzen direla baieztatzen duenean, hau da,
 legebiltzarren esku-hartzea epaitegiek legez kanpokotzat jo dituzten esku-
 hartze batzuk legeztatzeko zenbait kasutan, edo ahalbidetzeko beste
 batzuetan. Gai horretan, partaidetza erabat ukatzen da, eta legebiltzarraren
 bidez beste prozedura batzuen bitartez ¿eta bereziki, biztanleriaren
 partaidetza-prozesuak errespetatuz¿ hartu beharko liratekeen erabakiak
 ezartzen dira lurralde-antolamenduaren arloan. Informazioaren teknologia
 berriek beharrezko tresnak eskaintzen dituzte, informazioaren sarbidea
 eta zabalkundea errazago egin ahal izaten daitezen. Ingurumenaren
 arloan, aurrerapen handi bat gertatu da, nahiz eta herritarrek informazioa
 jasotzeko eskubideen eta aginte publikoek zabalkundea egiteko betebeharraren
 arteko oreka ez den behar bezalako eraginkortasunez betetzen.
 Horrela frogatzen da azterlan honetan, ingurumen arloko informazioeduki
 jakin bat izan behar duten web-orrialdeen azterketa egiten denean.
 Eta amaitzeko, egileak honako hau nabarmentzen du: dagoen kultura demokratikoa
 aldatu behar da, sarbideko eta partaidetzako eskubideak eta
 informazioaren zabalkundea, lurraldearen antolamenduren eta ingurumenaren
 arloan, behar bezala aplika daitezen. The rights to access, participation and judicial protection
 together with the dissemination of information in environmental matters
 have undergone a great evolution because of the ratifi cation of the
 Aarhus Convention. Both the EU and different States did ratify this Convention.
 The democratically advanced nature of this Convention has to
 be stated, although the gap between rule and reality seems to become
 wider in this area. That is what the author points out by showing the use
 of instruments as the legislative convalidation, that is, the intervention
 by Parliaments to legalize in some cases, or authorizing in others, actions
 considered illegal by the courts. Regarding this point, participation is radically
 vetoed, and decisions on zoning which should have been adopted
 by means of other procedures, specially by observing participative procedures,
 are imposed by the Parliaments. New technologies of information
 offer the necessary instruments to attain that access to and dissemination
 of information are easy. There has been an important advance in
 the environmental fi eld although the confrontation between the rights to
 information and the obligation of dissemination by the public authorities
 is not fulfi lled with the due effectiveness, as it is proved by the analysis
 of the web sites which must have a specifi ed informative content. The
 author fi nishes this article attracting our attention to the need of change
 in the existing democratic culture so as to apply properly the rights of
 access and participation and the dissemination of the information in the
 fi eld of zoning and environment.

This study was conducted from December 2015 to November 2016 at 44 sampling sites in the Hau River Basin at Hau Giang Province. The analysis results recorded 125 fish species belonging to 19 Orders and 46 families. The fish species composition was more diverse in wet season (119 species) than that in dry season (101 species). Of 19 orders, Cypriniformes, Siluriformes, Anabatiformes, Perciformes and Gobiformes had the highest number of species recorded during wet and dry seasons. The fish species composition had higher diversity in the ecological region regulated by east sea tide than the ecological region regulated by west sea tide and the contiguous ecological region.
 Keyword
 Rish species composition, Hau Giang, Hau river
 References
 [1] Vũ Vi An, Đoàn Văn Tiến, Lâm Phước Khiêm & Nguyễn Nguyễn Du, Đánh giá sản lượng khai thác của ngư dân vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Tuyển tập Nghề cá sông Cửu Long, 428-436, 2011.[2] Mai Đình Yên, Nguyễn Văn Trọng, Nguyễn Văn Thiện, Lê Hoàng Yến & Hứa Bạch Loan, Định loại cá nước ngọt Nam bộ, Nxb Khoa học và Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, 1992.[3] Trương Thủ Khoa & Trần Thị Thu Hương, Định loại cá nước ngọt vùng Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Tủ sách Đại học Cần Thơ, Cần Thơ, 1993.[4] Đoàn Văn Tiến & Mai Thị Trúc Chi, Quan Trắc sản lượng cá đánh bắt ở Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Hội thảo quốc gia về phát triển thủy sản vùng hạ lưu sông Mekong, Việt nam, Nxb Nông nghiệp, 2005.[5] Trần Đắc Định, Koichi, S., Nguyễn Thanh Phương, Hà Phước Hùng, Trần Xuân Lợi, Mai Văn Hiếu & Kenzo, U., Mô tả định loại cá Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long, Việt Nam, Nxb Đại học Cần Thơ, Cần Thơ, 2013.[6] Viện Quy hoạch thủy lợi miền Nam, Quy hoạch xây dựng thủy lợi tỉnh Hậu Giang đến năm 2020 và tầm nhìn đến năm 2030 (Tập 1 Báo cáo tổng hợp), Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, 2012.[7] Phạm Nhật, Vũ Văn Dũng, Đỗ Quang Huy, Nguyễn Cử, Lê Nguyên Ngật, Nguyễn Hữu Dực, Nguyễn Thế Nhã, Võ Sĩ Tuấn, Phan Nguyên Hồng, Nguyễn Văn Tiến, Đào Tấn Hổ, Nguyễn Xuân Hòa, Nick Cox & Nguyễn Tiến Hiệp, Sổ tay hướng dẫn điều tra và giám sát đa dạng sinh học, Nxb Giao thông vận tải, Hà Nội, 2003.[8] Pravdin, I. F., Hướng dẫn nghiên cứu cá (Phạm Thị Minh Giang dịch), Nxb Khoa học và Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội, 1973.[9] Nguyễn Văn Hảo & Ngô Sỹ Vân, Cá nước ngọt Việt Nam, Nxb Nông Nghiệp, Hà Nội, 2001.[10] Nguyễn Văn Hảo, Cá nước ngọt Việt Nam, Nxb Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội, 2005.[11] Nguyễn Văn Hảo, Cá nước ngọt Việt Nam, Nxb Nông nghiệp, Hà Nội, 2005.[12] Rainboth, W. J., Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong, FAO, Roma, 1996.[13] Froese, R. & Pauly, D., FishBase, World Wide Web electronic publication, 2017, truy cập ngày 10/06/2017. www.fishbase.org[14] Nguyễn Ngọc Anh, 2016. Hạn - mặn lịch sử 2016 ở Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long: bài học kinh nghiệm và những giải pháp ứng phó, Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam, Hà Nội, 19/01/2018, http://www.khoahocvacongnghevietnam.com.vn/khcn-trung-uong/13123-han-man-lich-su-2016-0-dong-bang-song-cuu-long-bai-hoc-kinh-nghiem-va-giai-phap-ung-pho.

IntroductionIn this article, I set out to accomplish two tasks. The first is to map coffee and cafés in Mainland China in different historical periods. The second is to focus on coffee and cafés in the socio-cultural milieu of contemporary China in order to understand the symbolic value of the emerging coffee/café-scape. Cafés, rather than coffee, are at the centre of this current trend in contemporary Chinese cities. With instant coffee dominating as a drink, the Chinese have developed a cultural and social demand for cafés, but have not yet developed coffee palates. Historical Coffee Map In 1901, coffee was served in a restaurant in the city of Tianjin. This restaurant, named Kiessling, was run by a German chef, a former solider who came to China with the eight-nation alliance. At that time, coffee was reserved mostly for foreign politicians and military officials as well as wealthy businessmen—very few ordinary Chinese drank it. (For more history of Kiessling, including pictures and videos, see Kiessling). Another group of coffee consumers were from the cultural elites—the young revolutionary intellectuals and writers with overseas experience. It was almost a fashion among the literary elite to spend time in cafés. However, this was negatively judged as “Western” and “bourgeois.” For example, in 1932, Lu Xun, one of the most important twentieth century Chinese writers, commented on the café fashion during 1920s (133-36), and listed the reasons why he would not visit one. He did not drink coffee because it was “foreigners’ food”, and he was too busy writing for the kind of leisure enjoyed in cafés. Moreover, he did not, he wrote, have the nerve to go to a café, and particularly not the Revolutionary Café that was popular among cultural celebrities at that time. He claimed that the “paradise” of the café was for genius, and for handsome revolutionary writers (who he described as having red lips and white teeth, whereas his teeth were yellow). His final complaint was that even if he went to the Revolutionary Café, he would hesitate going in (Lu Xun 133-36). From Lu Xun’s list, we can recognise his nationalism and resistance to what were identified as Western foods and lifestyles. It is easy to also feel his dissatisfaction with those dilettante revolutionary intellectuals who spent time in cafés, talking and enjoying Western food, rather than working. In contrast to Lu Xun’s resistance to coffee and café culture, another well-known writer, Zhang Ailing, frequented cafés when she lived in Shanghai from the 1920s to 1950s. She wrote about the smell of cakes and bread sold in Kiessling’s branch store located right next to her parents’ house (Yuyue). Born into a wealthy family, exposed to Western culture and food at a very young age, Zhang Ailing liked to spend her social and writing time in cafés, ordering her favourite cakes, hot chocolate, and coffee. When she left Shanghai and immigrated to the USA, coffee was an important part of her writing life: the smell and taste reminding her of old friends and Shanghai (Chunzi). However, during Zhang’s time, it was still a privileged and elite practice to patronise a café when these were located in foreign settlements with foreign chefs, and served mainly foreigners, wealthy businessmen, and cultural celebrities. After 1949, when the Chinese Communist Party established the People’s Republic of China, until the late 1970s, there were no coffee shops in Mainland China. It was only when Deng Xiaoping suggested neo-liberalism as a so-called “reform-and-open-up” economic policy that foreign commerce and products were again seen in China. In 1988, ten years after the implementation of Deng Xiaoping’s policy, the Nestlé coffee company made the first inroads into the mainland market, featuring homegrown coffee beans in Yunnan province (China Beverage News; Dong; ITC). Nestlé’s bottled instant coffee found its way into the Chinese market, avoiding a direct challenge to the tea culture. Nestlé packaged its coffee to resemble health food products and marketed it as a holiday gift suitable for friends and relatives. As a symbol of modernity and “the West”, coffee-as-gift meshed with the traditional Chinese cultural custom that values gift giving. It also satisfied a collective desire for foreign products (and contact with foreign cultures) during the economic reform era. Even today, with its competitively low price, instant coffee dominates coffee consumption at home, in the workplace, and on Chinese airlines. While Nestlé aimed their product at native Chinese consumers, the multinational companies who later entered China’s coffee market, such as Sara Lee, mainly targeted international hotels such as IHG, Marriott, and Hyatt. The multinationals also favoured coffee shops like Kommune in Shanghai that offered more sophisticated kinds of coffee to foreign consumers and China’s upper class (Byers). If Nestlé introduced coffee to ordinary Chinese families, it was Starbucks who introduced the coffee-based “third space” to urban life in contemporary China on a signficant scale. Differing from the cafés before 1949, Starbucks stores are accessible to ordinary Chinese citizens. The first in Mainland China opened in Beijing’s China World Trade Center in January 1999, targeting mainly white-collar workers and foreigners. Starbucks coffee shops provide a space for informal business meetings, chatting with friends, and relaxing and, with its 500th store opened in 2011, dominate the field in China. Starbucks are located mainly in the central business districts and airports, and the company plans to have 1,500 sites by 2015 (Starbucks). Despite this massive presence, Starbucks constitutes only part of the café-scape in contemporary Chinese cities. There are two other kinds of cafés. One type is usually located in universities or residential areas and is frequented mainly by students or locals working in cultural professions. A representative of this kind is Sculpting in Time Café. In November 1997, two years before the opening of the first Starbucks in Beijing, two newlywed college graduates opened the first small Sculpting in Time Café near Beijing University’s East Gate. This has been expanded into a chain, and boasts 18 branches on the Mainland. (For more about its history, see Sculpting in Time Café). Interestingly, both Starbucks and Sculpting in Time Café acquired their names from literature, Starbucks from Moby Dick, and Sculpting in Time from the Russian filmmaker Andrei Tarkovsky’s film diary of the same name. For Chinese students of literature and the arts, drinking coffee is less about acquiring more energy to accomplish their work, and more about entering a sensual world, where the aroma of coffee mixes with the sounds from the coffee machine and music, as well as the lighting of the space. More importantly, cafés with this ambience become, in themselves, cultural sites associated with literature, films, and music. Owners of this kind of café are often lovers of foreign literatures, films, and cultures, and their cafés host various cultural events, including forums, book clubs, movie screenings, and music clubs. Generally speaking, coffee served in this kind of café is simpler than in the kind discussed below. This third type of café includes those located in tourist and entertainment sites such as art districts, bar areas, and historical sites, and which are frequented by foreign and native tourists, artists and other cultural workers. If Starbucks cultivates a fast-paced business/professional atmosphere, and Sculpting in Time Cafés an artsy and literary atmosphere, this third kind of café is more like an upscale “bar” with trained baristas serving complicated coffees and emphasising their flavour. These coffee shops are more expensive than the other kinds, with an average price three times that of Starbucks. Currently, cafés of this type are found only in “first-tier” cities and usually located in art districts and tourist areas—such as Beijing’s 798 Art District and Nanluo Guxiang, Shanghai’s Tai Kang Road (a.k.a. “the art street”), and Hangzhou’s Westlake area. While Nestlé and Starbucks use coffee beans grown in Yunnan provinces, these “art cafés” are more inclined to use imported coffee beans from suppliers like Sara Lee. Coffee and Cafés in Contemporary China After just ten years, there are hundreds of cafés in Chinese cities. Why has there been such a demand for coffee or, more accurately, cafés, in such a short period of time? The first reason is the lack of “third space” environments in Mainland China. Before cafés appeared in the late 1990s, stores like KFC (which opened its first store in 1987) and McDonald’s (with its first store opened in 1990) filled this role for urban residents, providing locations where customers could experience Western food, meet friends, work, or read. In fact, KFC and McDonald’s were once very popular with college students looking for a place to study. Both stores had relatively clean food environments and good lighting. They also had air conditioning in the summer and heating in the winter, which are not provided in most Chinese university dormitories. However, since neither chain was set up to be a café and customers occupying seats for long periods while ordering minimal amounts of food or drink affected profits, staff members began to indirectly ask customers to leave after dining. At the same time, as more people were able to afford to eat at KFC and McDonald’s, their fast foods were also becoming more and more popular, especially among young people. As a consequence, both types of chain restaurant were becoming noisy and crowded and, thus, no longer ideal for reading, studying, or meeting with friends. Although tea has been a traditional drink in Chinese culture, traditional teahouses were expensive places more suitable for business meetings or for the cultural or intellectual elite. Since almost every family owns a tea set and can readily purchase tea, friends and family would usually make and consume tea at home. In recent years, however, new kinds of teahouses have emerged, similar in style to cafés, targeting the younger generation with more affordable prices and a wider range of choices, so the lack of a “third space” does not fully explain the café boom. Another factor affecting the popularity of cafés has been the development and uptake of Internet technology, including the increasing use of laptops and wireless Internet in recent years. The Internet has been available in China since the late 1990s, while computers and then laptops entered ordinary Chinese homes in the early twenty-first century. The IT industry has created not only a new field of research and production, but has also fostered new professions and demands. Particularly, in recent years in Mainland China, a new socially acceptable profession—freelancing in such areas as graphic design, photography, writing, film, music, and the fashion industry—has emerged. Most freelancers’ work is computer- and Internet-based. Cafés provide suitable working space, with wireless service, and the bonus of coffee that is, first of all, somatically stimulating. In addition, the emergence of the creative and cultural industries (which are supported by the Chinese government) has created work for these freelancers and, arguably, an increasing demand for café-based third spaces where such people can meet, talk and work. Furthermore, the flourishing of cafés in first-tier cities is part of the “aesthetic economy” (Lloyd 24) that caters to the making and selling of lifestyle experience. Alongside foreign restaurants, bars, galleries, and design firms, cafés contribute to city branding, and link a city to the global urban network. Cafés, like restaurants, galleries and bars, provide a space for the flow of global commodities, as well as for the human flow of tourists, travelling artists, freelancers, and cultural specialists. Finally, cafés provide a type of service that contributes to friendly owner/waiter-customer relations. During the planned-economy era, most stores and hotels in China were State-owned, staff salaries were not related to individual performance, and indifferent (and even unfriendly) service was common. During the economic reform era, privately owned stores and shops began to replace State-owned ones. At the same time, a large number of people from the countryside flowed into the cities seeking opportunities. Most had little if any professional training and so could only find work in factories or in the service industry. However, most café employees are urban, with better educational backgrounds, and many were already familiar with coffee culture. In addition, café owners, particularly those of places like Sculpting in Time Cafe, often invest in creating a positive, community atmosphere, learning about their customers and sharing personal experiences with their regular clients. This leads to my next point—the generation of the 1980s’ need for a social community. Cafés’ Symbolic Value—Community A demand for a sense of community among the generation of the 1980s is a unique socio-cultural phenomenon in China, which paradoxically co-exists with their desire for individualism. Mao Zedong started the “One Child Policy” in 1979 to slow the rapid population growth in China, and the generations born under this policy are often called “the lonely generations,” with both parents working full-time. At the same time, they are “the generation of me,” labelled as spoiled, self-centred, and obsessed with consumption (de Kloet; Liu; Rofel; Wang). The individuals of this generation, now aged in their 20s and 30s, constitute the primary consumers of coffee in China. Whereas individualism is an important value to them, a sense of community is also desirable in order to compensate for their lack of siblings. Furthermore, the 1980s’ generation has also benefitted from the university expansion policy implemented in 1999. Since then, China has witnessed a surge of university students and graduates who not only received scientific and other course-based knowledge, but also had a better chance to be exposed to foreign cultures through their books, music, and movies. With this interesting tension between individualism and collectivism, the atmosphere provided by cafés has fostered a series of curious temporary communities built on cultural and culinary taste. Interestingly, it has become an aspiration of many young college students and graduates to open a community-space style café in a city. One of the best examples is the new Henduoren’s (Many People’s) Café. This was a project initiated by Wen Erniu, a recent college graduate who wanted to open a café in Beijing but did not have sufficient funds to do so. She posted a message on the Internet, asking people to invest a minimum of US$316 to open a café with her. With 78 investors, the café opened in September 2011 in Beijing (see pictures of Henduoren’s Café). In an interview with the China Daily, Wen Erniu stated that, “To open a cafe was a dream of mine, but I could not afford it […] We thought opening a cafe might be many people’s dream […] and we could get together via the Internet to make it come true” (quoted in Liu 2011). Conclusion: Café Culture and (Instant) Coffee in China There is a Chinese saying that, if you hate someone—just persuade him or her to open a coffee shop. Since cafés provide spaces where one can spend a relatively long time for little financial outlay, owners have to increase prices to cover their expenses. This can result in fewer customers. In retaliation, cafés—particularly those with cultural and literary ambience—host cultural events to attract people, and/or they offer food and wine along with coffee. The high prices, however, remain. In fact, the average price of coffee in China is often higher than in Europe and North America. For example, a medium Starbucks’ caffè latte in China averaged around US$4.40 in 2010, according to the price list of a Starbucks outlet in Shanghai—and the prices has recently increased again (Xinhua 2012). This partially explains why instant coffee is still so popular in China. A bag of instant Nestlé coffee cost only some US$0.25 in a Beijing supermarket in 2010, and requires only hot water, which is accessible free almost everywhere in China, in any restaurant, office building, or household. As an habitual, addictive treat, however, coffee has not yet become a customary, let alone necessary, drink for most Chinese. Moreover, while many, especially those of the older generations, could discern the quality and varieties of tea, very few can judge the quality of the coffee served in cafés. As a result, few Mainland Chinese coffee consumers have a purely somatic demand for coffee—craving its smell or taste—and the highly sweetened and creamed instant coffee offered by companies like Nestlé or Maxwell has largely shaped the current Chinese palate for coffee. Ben Highmore has proposed that “food spaces (shops, restaurants and so on) can be seen, for some social agents, as a potential space where new ‘not-me’ worlds are encountered” (396) He continues to expand that “how these potential spaces are negotiated—the various affective registers of experience (joy, aggression, fear)—reflect the multicultural shapes of a culture (its racism, its openness, its acceptance of difference)” (396). Cafés in contemporary China provide spaces where one encounters and constructs new “not-me” worlds, and more importantly, new “with-me” worlds. While café-going communicates an appreciation and desire for new lifestyles and new selves, it can be hoped that in the near future, coffee will also be appreciated for its smell, taste, and other benefits. Of course, it is also necessary that future Chinese coffee consumers also recognise the rich and complex cultural, political, and social issues behind the coffee economy in the era of globalisation. 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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus , is causing a serious worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of strains with rapid spread and unpredictable changes is the cause of the increase in morbidity and mortality rates. A number of drugs as well as vaccines are currently being used to relieve symptoms, prevent and treat the disease caused by this virus. However, the number of approved drugs is still very limited due to their effectiveness and side effects. In such a situation, medicinal plants and bioactive compounds are considered a highly valuable source in the development of new antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes medicinal plants and bioactive compounds that have been shown to act on molecular targets involved in the infection and replication of SARS-CoV-2.
 Keywords: Medicinal plants, bioactive compounds, antivirus, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19
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The chapter discusses how the exponential growth of both digitised and born-digital research materials has brought upon new challenges regarding research data creation, data management and data discovery. It argues that the Digital Humanities community should pay more attention to the metadata creation as valid, standardised and well-structured metadata describing similar contents in identical terms help scholars to better discover relevant materials. This is especially important since a great majority of digital sources are made available via web-based portals offering search engines or other possibilities to query the collections. This development from a human-to-human interface towards a human-to-computer interface replaces the ‘silent knowledge’ of archivists with computer algorithms. Since most algorithms rely on available metadata, the structural power of actors responsible for the metadata creation should be taken seriously. If scholars cannot rely on getting reliable results when committing searches in online collections, the digital leap manifested by proponents of digital humanities might end with a belly flop.

This chapter examines the various ways in which fashion, beauty, and nation intersect. It covers topics such as ethnic relations, class hierarchy and transgression, punk culture, and cosmetic surgery and masculinity. Chapter contents: 1.0 Introduction (by Séagh Kehoe) 1.1 Beautifying Uyghur Bodies: Fashion, ‘Modernity’, and State Power in the Tarim Basin (by Timothy Grose) 1.2 Karaoke Bar Hostesses and Japan-Korea Wave in Postsocialist China: The Politics of Fashion, Class Hierarchy, and Transgression (by Tiantian Zheng) 1.3 Punk Culture and Its Fashion in China (by Jian Xiao) 1.4 Cosmetic Surgery, Flower Boys, and Soft Masculinity in China (by Wen Hua)

The chapter explores how digital graphs, maps and trees can reveal things never seen before, but how they may also hide all the manual work that lies behind them. The most basic rationale behind digital humanities is the idea that machines should do most of the dull tasks for us. If all the extracting, counting, matching, and plotting is left to computers, researchers can focus on the intellectual parts of the process, interpreting and presenting the results. In many cases, however, digital tools need assistance to work properly. This kind of manual or semi-automatic work may involve compiling, cleaning and filtering datasets, tagging images, transcribing texts, correcting bad matches, adjusting graphs, and so on. Yet, it is rare to see it mentioned when results are presented. The aim of this chapter is to describe and discuss the role of this invisible (semi-)manual work within digital research.

A sort of inclusion improvement technique dependent on bio-inspired algorithm was implemented so as to fathom the irrationality and low system inclusion of sensor hub in WSN at the irregular dispersion. Right off the bat, the ebb and flow investigate status of WSN inclusion was broke down, the hub inclusion and territorial inclusion in WSN on the premise were examined, the comparing scientific model was set up, the bio-enlivened calculation was taken to tackle the built up numerical model, and the WSN inclusion advancement program dependent on the bio-roused was gotten. At last, MATLAB was utilized for the recreation analyses, and the reproduction results demonstrated that the presentation of bio-motivated calculation improved the hub inclusion in WSN viably; the inclusion territory was huger at a similar measure of hubs. In addition, the calculation can get the ideal arrangement in the worldwide extension, and arrive at the better system inclusion advancement impact with less sensor hubs, and the quantity of cycles was diminished altogether.

Just by way of introduction, here are some of the far flung criteria we have to consider when we go to an emergency setting when trying to figure out how we can bring the university to a camp. A lot of people are going hungry where we work, and providing meals and transport in refugee camps so people can attend class is very much a part of what we need to think about. Equally important is to figure out how to get women into a classroom. Designing and locating a classroom in a vast refugee camp and close to where people fetch water might seem very strange to any university in our regular setting, but to us it is one of the variables that we consider. Fetching water is a woman’s job and if women have to fetch water for five or six hours a day and your classroom is not near a water hub then they are not going to come. So, what I would like to do today is to help you visualise where we work. It is very difficult to imagine if you have never been out there. That is why it is useful to have some visual impressions. What does it look like, what does it mean to live in a refugee camp? Is it as bad as they say or is it as wonderful as they say?

The young generation of musicians such as Wynton and Branford Marsalis who shook up jazz in the 1980s arrives on screen in the following decade. Spike Lee’s Mo’ Better Blues and the cable-TV movie Lush Life fictionalize successful musicians of the era. Underage players also show up, as in 1940s movies: a teenage Toronto trumpeter gets advice from good and bad mentors in one, and a young pianist grapples with Tourette’s syndrome in another. In the 1990s, we see an outbreak of historical tales with unreliable narrators: a sometimes fanciful biopic of early jazz cornetist Bix Beiderbecke and Woody Allen’s extended tall tale Sweet and Lowdown, one of two 1990s films with a guitarist beholden to Django Reinhardt. In several particulars, Robert Altman’s Kansas City parallels his earlier film named for a musicians’ hub, Nashville, but in Kansas City, jazz doesn’t invade the main story.

Several months after Catie died, Steve asked his sister-in-law to watch his daughters for a few hours so he could spend time with his six-year-old son. David seemed to be doing well but Steve sensed he needed a little one-on-one time with his Dad. They spent the morning together cooking breakfast, playing outside, and building Legos at the kitchen table. David loved having his father’s undivided attention. After they had been playing for a few minutes, Steve asked him how much he thought about his mother. I still feel bad about what I did—about how I made Mommy die.” “Wait, what?” “Because of when I hurt Mommy. Remember? That day she came home from the hospital and I hurt her real bad.” “That day” had occurred nearly two years earlier. Excited to finally have his mother back home, David jumped into her arms and gave her a big hug. Catie winced and immediately grabbed her right shoulder, which was still tender from surgery and radiation. David immediately let go and backed away. His mother, now grimacing, tried to take deep breaths to ease the pain. After a few minutes, she told him that she was okay but that he needed to be gentler with her. Steve had not thought about the incident since the day it happened. Considering all he and his family had been through, it had barely registered in his memory. Sitting at the kitchen table, he asked his son what he remembered. David talked about how he made his mother sick by hugging her too hard. Since he had made her sick, he was the reason she died. “Buddy, no. No, no, no. That’s not it at all.” Realizing that his son had been thinking this way for almost two years made Steve nauseous. He placed his hands on David’s shoulders and looked him in the eyes, making sure he had his full attention. He explained that the hug had absolutely nothing to do with his mother dying. “You and your sisters were the reasons that Mommy lived as long as she did.

Noemy Chan, a young Maya woman of Mexico, looked up from her cooking and spied her children switching butterflies out of the air with twigs. She immediately dropped her knife, ran to the yard, picked up the butterflies—and made the children eat them. The lesson was explicit: You kill only for food. In the traditional Maya world of the interior rainforests of Quintana Roo, animals are killed only from pressing need. If they are not to be eaten, they can be killed only if they are eating the crops on which humans depend. Ideally, they are slain only when both motives operate. Early one morning I met a family carrying a dead coati in a bag; they said, “It was eating our corn, so we are going to eat it.” In Noemy’s home town, Chunhuhub, even the sale of game is confined to local marketing to other subsistence farmers. The unfortunate habit of poaching game for sale to cities has not—so far—spread into the bush. Noemy and her husband are well off by Mexican standards—he manages heavy equipment for road construction. They saved their money and built an urban-style concrete block house. It stands empty; they live in a traditional Maya pole-and-thatch hut, of a style used continuously for thousands of years in the area. As they correctly point out, the hut is much cooler, cleaner, less damp, and in every way more efficient than the European-style house. The Maya civilization, one of the greatest of the ancient cultures, is by no means dead. Millions of Maya Indians, speaking two dozen related languages, still live in Central America. They practice traditional corn agriculture and maintain many pre-Columbian rituals. Yet they are no more “survivors” of the “past” than are modern Englishmen who still eat bread and beef and worship in the Church of England. Maya civilization is dynamic, living, changing, and, above all, creative. Tough and independent, its bearers have adapted to the modern world; many are doctors, lawyers, and degree-holding professors. They still speak Maya languages, and usually Spanish as well.

Aleppo, Syria—a city that will join the infamous likes of Nanking, Stalingrad, Manila, Berlin, Hue, Panama City, Mogadishu, Grozny, and Donetsk as one of modern history’s worst urban war zones. Much of the destruction in this city is the result of indirect fires and air-delivered munitions. Indeed, this is the case in Aleppo; the now-infamous “barrel bomb” has become synonymous with indiscriminate Syrian government attacks against rebel-held areas of the city. In response to the humanitarian dangers associated with the use of such weapons in urban and built-up areas, there is a growing trend among international humanitarian law advocates to severely restrict—or even ban outright—the use of fires, high-explosive munitions, and associated weapons systems in built-up civilian population centers. These humanitarian initiatives reveal that for proponents of such restraint, the “problem” of high explosives in populated areas, whether delivered by indirect fire systems or air assets, is critical. The core premise of this chapter is that new restrictions on urban fires may actually exacerbate civilian risk and that fires in support of urban operations are not only operationally essential, but may, when properly employed, actually reduce risk to civilians and civilian property. Accordingly, civilian risk mitigation efforts should continue to focus on enhancing commitment to and compliance with already existing attack precautions and law of armed conflict (LOAC) targeting obligations.

After the publication of the famous study by A. Belić “Učešće sv. Save i njegove škole u stvaranju nove redakcije srpskih ćirilskih spomenika” [The Role of Saint Sava and His School in Establishing a New Recension of Serbian Cyrillic Texts, 1936], the belief that Saint Sava reformed the Serbian orthography according to the principles adopted on Mount Athos (where he lived between 1192 and 1207) became widely adopted. Belić came to this conclusion relying on the orthography of the Typikon of Karyes, where he believed to have identified “the master’s hand” and where, according to him, Saint Sava’s “reform” was carried out “the most radically”. Belić attributed the diversity of the orthographic practice in the late 12th century and in the early decades of the 13th century to Saint Sava’s flexibility. The research carried out in recent decades has rendered it implausible that Sava wrote the Typikon of Karyes, but this text is still associated with his time and probably with him personally. So far, the only major text that is reliably directly associated with Saint Sava has not been properly exploited. It was discovered after the publication of Belić’s study, namely in 1951. It is the founder’s inscription in the Studenica monastery (1208/1209). There are several minor inscriptions associated with Saint Sava which are orthographically consistent with this one. The analysis of the Studenica inscription shows that in principle, Saint Sava’s orthography did not change on Mount Athos. His orthography is secular, formed in the Raška court scriptorium and identical to the orthography of the Charter of Ban Kulin (1189), which in terms of typology belongs to the changing orthographic pattern identified in the two Serbian founding charters of the Hilandar monastery – Simeon Nemanja’s (1198/1199) and Stefan Nemanić’s (ca. 1200). After Saint Sava’s departure from his homeland, this pattern continued to develop. In this context, it may be concluded that the orthography that was until recently tentatively designated as the “Zeta-Hum” (or “Hum-Bosnian”) orthography was actually “Rascian” in its earlier phase. This also means that the term “Rascian orthography” must be redefined. The material preserved in this small corpus does not provide answers to all questions; there are major limitations as regards the marking of palatal groups, the transformation of which is crucial for understanding the development of orthography. Although this is not the main subject of this paper, we can now see more clearly how Saint Sava could have influenced the consolidation of orthography in Serbia under the Nemanjić dynasty in the 13th century – not by imposing his personal pattern (certainly until 1208/1209), and, most probably, not by “favouring one of the existing patterns in use”, but by linking the Serbian Church with the Hilandar monastery and the Karyes cell (and later with the Middle East), thereby opening up Serbian culture to the main religious and literary currents. In the Slavic environments, these were associated with the Cyrillic alphabet, which was at that time largely independent of the Glagolitic writing and orthographic system.

Abstract This paper examines using electric vehicles with independently actuated wheels and anti-squat/lift/dive suspensions to improve passenger comfort by reducing the lift, pitch, and roll motion of the vehicle chassis. Anti-squat/lift/dive suspensions use an angled suspension bar to transfer a portion of the longitudinal driving force into a vertical reaction force on the chassis. Using this effect, we derive a control-oriented model of the lift, pitch, and roll of the chassis where the steering angle and the four driving forces of the individual wheels are the control inputs and the road-height is a disturbance. The model is simplified under the assumption that the suspension deflections are small during normal, comfortable driving. Finally, we use steady-state analysis and open-loop simulations to provide intuition about the relationship between the driving forces and the chassis motions.

Abstract Do we analyze on why can even the most reliable turbomachinery are getting failure and stopped? In some cases, it's all about bad installation or design literally. This paper explores the challenges one site had with repeated failure of lube oil fin fan coolers coupling which caused the unit availability of more than 3 months. It outlines the troubleshooting attempts made to remedy this issue, its root cause, and the resulting solution. This issue occurred at a site with a train configuration of motor driven centrifugal compressors. The plant lube oil system has been configured with 3 trains. Each train has been configured with Main electric motor + Vorecon Gearbox + Low Pressure centrifugal compressor + High Pressure centrifugal compressor. Lube oil system of the train has been configured as 2 lube oil coolers and 2 working oil coolers. Lube oil coolers are having fins with air cooler type. Air is supplied by fin fans and each train has 2 lube oil cooler fans and 2 working oil cooler fans. In total site has 3 trains x 4 fin fans so it has 12 fin fan cooler fans. All cooler fans are driven by electric motor which is coupled with gearbox and gear box is connected with cooler fan. During normal operation of working oil cooler fan A- stopped rotation suddenly from normal operation. During investigation, motor shaft was found running freely. No movement was seen on cooler fan. Coupling between motor to gearbox was inspected. Coupling is shear plate coupling. Its spacer flexible element were found broken into several pieces. Further investigation revealed that motor coupling hub was moving free axially back and forth due to clearance between motor shaft to coupling hub internal diameter. Motor side Coupling hub bolt hole was found with loss of material and ovality in shape. Hub locking Allen screw was found in damaged condition. Missing materials were noted and broken shear plate materials were found around coupling guard area. While site team was conducting the investigation on the unit A, similar incident occurred in next unit and other 3 units with 2 days difference between them. During detailed investigation it has been noted that all motor to gear box coupling are shear plates and shear plates were broken. Coupling hub was found loose and coupling hub locking screw was found broken or partial damage.

Social media has become an important means of keeping up to date for busy IR managers. Limited to short, pithy messages, but permitting linking and re-tweeting, the Twitter medium is both handy and powerful … when used appropriately. Alternatively, it can become a portal to fascinating, entertaining, horrifying, and time-consuming off-topic content and even an avenue for online harrassment. The presentation for DC-HUG will involve audience participation, and will include discussions of appropriate forms of identity, good and bad avatars, who to follow for scholarly communications subjects, whom to avoid for greater peace of mind, what are appropriate subjects, how to separate professional and personal topics. Tweets are now included in the Plum Analytics—so we want to explore ways of boosting those results while also keeping our IR community involved and informed. Some IR's can tweet in an official capacity, while other libraries (including mine) forbid that. Audience comments and participation will be an essential part of the contribution. The session will present a roster of scholarly communications personalities, with commentary on their standing and attitudes towards IRs specifically. Discussions of tweeting frequency, what is worth tweeting about, and how to respond to annoying tweets (hint: don't) should provide a lively and informative session.

In this paper, a numerical model of a braceless semi-submersible floating wind turbine (FWT) is calibrated against model test data. Experimental data from a 1:30 scaled model tested at MARINTEK’s Ocean Basin in 2015 using real-time hybrid model testing (ReaTHM) is used for the calibration of the time-domain simulation model. In these tests, aerodynamic loads were simulated in real-time and applied to the physical model. The simulation model is based on the as-built model at full scale. The hull and turbine are considered as rigid, while bar elements are used to model the mooring system in a coupled finite element approach. Frequency-dependent added mass, radiation damping, and excitation forces/moments are evaluated using a panel method based on potential theory. Distributed viscous forces on the hull and mooring lines are added to the numerical model applying Morison’s equation. The viscous drag coefficients in Morison’s equation are calibrated against selected test data, including decay tests in calm water and test with irregular waves. Simulations show that the drag coefficients change when waves are present. Aerodynamic loads are included as time varying loads applied directly at the hub based on the actual physical loads from the experiment. This way, uncertainties related to the aerodynamic loads in the calibrations are removed. The calibrated numerical model shows good agreement with experimental data.

This paper presents a novel structural optimization algorithm based on group hunting of animals such as lions, wolves, and dolphins. Although these hunters have differences in the way of hunting but they are common in that all of them look for a prey in a group. The hunters encircle the prey and gradually tighten the ring of siege until they catch the prey. In addition, each member of the group corrects its position based on its own position and the position of other members. If the prey escapes from the ring, the hunters reorganize the group to siege the prey again. A benchmark numerical optimization problems is presented to show how the algorithm works. Three benchmark structural optimization problems are also presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed Hunting Search (HuS) algorithm for structural optimization. The objective in these problems is to minimize the weight of bar trusses. Both sizing and layout optimization variables are included, too. The proposed algorithm is compared with other global optimization methods such as CMLPSA (Corrected Multi-Level & Multi-Point Simulated Annealing) and HS (Harmony Search). The results indicate that the proposed method is a powerful search and optimization technique. It yields comparable and in some cases, better solutions compared to those obtained using current algorithms when applied to structural optimization problems.

The characterization of platelet reactive alloantibodies and autoantibodies is mandatory for the diagnosis of posttransfusion purpura, neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia and for the selection of platelet donors prior to platelet transfusions in immunized polytransfused patients. The platelet immunofluorescence test is suitable for the detection of platelet reactive antibodies. In many cases, however, mixtures containing different platelet reactive antibodies have to be dissected.In order to analyze these sera, we have developed a novel enzyme immunoassay based upon monoclonal antibody specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA). In brief, platelets are incubated simultaneously with the (human) serum to be investigated and a monoclonal (mouse) antibody directed against an epitope on the same platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP). Platelets are then washed and solubilized in TRIS buffered saline containing NP40. The lysed platelets are then pipetted into the wells of microtiter plates, coated with goat anti mouse IgG where mouse anti GP-complexes are immobilized. Human platelet reactive antibodies on the same GP are detected using enzyme labelled goat anti human IgG, IgM, or IgA, respectively. Using mab Gi5, mab FMC25, mab w6.32 directed against epitopes on the glycoprotein complex IIb/IIIa, glycoprotein Ib and HLA class I molecule, respectively, and a panel of typed platelet donors, even sera containing different platelet reactive antibodies are readily analyzed. Results of experiments with platelet specific alloantibodies (anti P1A1, anti P1A2 and anti Bak(a)), autoantibodies (against the GP Ilb/IIIa complex and GP Ib) and a drug dependent antibody show that this assay allows to discriminate all these different platelet reactive antibodies.

Abstract The design of an industrial axial flow fan can take great advantage from the knowledge of performance limits and favourable design choices determined from its specific fluid-dynamic characteristics. As for other turbomachinery types, this fact is generally experienced through the entire design flow-path, from the preliminary design phase to the final optimization. Correlations, data and charts available from literature as well as proprietary database, exploited with many techniques (including machine learning) are resources in widespread use for this purpose. Despite the fluid dynamics of axial flow fans can be considered a well-known topic, nevertheless some specific points (e.g. the maximum achievable total-to-static efficiency) can be the subject of discussions, misunderstanding or bad design choices. The present work addresses this problem in two parts. In the first part a simple 1D model is built, for fans with and without stator, from classical theory of axial fans for pressure rise coefficient, head coefficient, flow angles and diffusion efficiency. The most relevant quantities (e.g. total-to-total efficiency, total-to-static efficiency), obtained with the 1D model, are plotted on hill charts as a function of the non-dimensional pressure rise and flow coefficient. This tool provides information that can be used for preliminary design evaluations, to understand and exploit the impact of the main design choices on the basic flow characteristics and the related performance. In the second part of the work a numerical investigation is presented on the main 3D flow characteristics that are observed to limit, both in CFD simulations and experimental tests, the performance of industrial axial fans at high-pressure rise and low-to-medium flow coefficients. Simulations results highlighted that local critical swirl ratios exist for the hub and the tip regions which, when exceeded, lead with different flow topology changes to a strong performance degradation.