Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bainitic

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Bainitic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bainitic"

1

Zajac, Stanislaw, Volker Schwinn, and K. H. Tacke. "Characterisation and Quantification of Complex Bainitic Microstructures in High and Ultra-High Strength Linepipe Steels." Materials Science Forum 500-501 (November 2005): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.500-501.387.

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This paper provides a detailed description of complex bainitic microstructures obtained during the recent development of low carbon linepipe steels with strengths in the range of X100 to X120. New experimental techniques based on a high resolution FEG-SEM and EBSD have been used to characterise and quantify the mixture of ultrafine bainitic ferrite and nanosize second phases in these steels. It was found that the occurrence of incomplete transformation generates new, previously unexplored bainitic microstructures with a wealth of microstructural features that is beyond classification based on conventional concepts. Clear differences in distributions of boundary misorientations and effective grain size were noted between upper, lower and granular bainites. Based on these results a new classification scheme and definition of bainite is proposed.
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Timokhina, I. B., K. D. Liss, D. Raabe, K. Rakha, H. Beladi, X. Y. Xiong, and P. D. Hodgson. "Growth of bainitic ferrite and carbon partitioning during the early stages of bainite transformation in a 2 mass% silicon steel studied by in situ neutron diffraction, TEM and APT." Journal of Applied Crystallography 49, no. 2 (February 16, 2016): 399–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576716000418.

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In situ neutron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe tomography (APT) have been used to study the early stages of bainite transformation in a 2 mass% Si nano-bainitic steel. It was observed that carbon redistribution between the bainitic ferrite and retained austenite at the early stages of the bainite transformation at low isothermal holding occurred in the following sequence: (i) formation of bainitic ferrite nuclei within carbon-depleted regions immediately after the beginning of isothermal treatment; (ii) carbon partitioning immediately after the formation of bainitic ferrite nuclei but substantial carbon diffusion only after 33 min of bainite isothermal holding; (iii) formation of the carbon-enriched remaining austenite in the vicinity of bainitic laths at the beginning of the transformation; (iv) segregation of carbon to the dislocations near the austenite/ferrite interface; and (v) homogeneous redistribution of carbon within the remaining austenite with the progress of the transformation and with the formation of bainitic ferrite colonies. Bainitic ferrite nucleated at internal defects or bainite/austenite interfaces as well as at the prior austenite grain boundary. Bainitic ferrite has been observed in the form of an individual layer, a colony of layers and a layer with sideplates at the early stages of transformation.
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Kawata, Hiroyuki, Kunio Hayashi, Natsuko Sugiura, Naoki Yoshinaga, and Manabu Takahashi. "Effect of Martensite in Initial Structure on Bainite Transformation." Materials Science Forum 638-642 (January 2010): 3307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.3307.

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Lath-shaped upper bainite structures play a very important role in many high-strength steels (HSSs) and ultra high-strength steels (UHSSs). Although bainite transformation is strongly affected by the initial structure, the effect of the second phase in a multi-phase structure is yet to be clearly understood. It is significant for the advancement of UHSS to study this effect. The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of martensite, which forms before bainite, in Fe-0.2C-8Ni alloy. The bainite transformation from an austenite and martensite dual-phase structure is faster than that from single-phase austenite and the nucleation of bainitic ferrite laths are accelerated around martensite. This effect of martensite on bainite kinetics is equivalent to that of polygonal ferrite when their volume fractions are almost the same. This suggests that the boundary between martensite and austenite is a prior nucleation site of bainitic ferrite. Martensite also affects the crystallographic features of bainite. The orientations of bainitic ferrite laths tend to belong to the same block with martensite adjacent. This tendency intensifies with an increase of the transformation temperature of bainite, resulting in the formation of huge blocks consisting of bainitic ferrite and martensite laths at high temperatures (693K and 723K). In contrast, at a low temperature (643K), bainitic ferrite laths belong to same packet as martensite and have several orientations. This change of crystallographic features with transformation temperature can explain with the driving force of the nucleation of bainitic ferrite.
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Timokhina, Ilana, Hossein Beladi, Xiang Yuan Xiong, Yoshitaka Adachi, and Peter D. Hodgson. "Application of Advanced Experimental Techniques for the Microstructural Characterization of Nanobainitic Steels." Solid State Phenomena 172-174 (June 2011): 1249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.172-174.1249.

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A 0.79C-1.5Si-1.98Mn-0.98Cr-0.24Mo-1.06Al-1.58Co (wt%) steel was isothermally heat treated at 350°C bainitic transformation temperature for 1 day to form fully bainitic structure with nano-layers of bainitic ferrite and retained austenite, while a 0.26C-1.96Si-2Mn-0.31Mo (wt%) steel was subjected to a successive isothermal heat treatment at 700°C for 300 min followed by 350°C for 120 min to form a hybrid microstructure consisting of ductile ferrite and fine scale bainite. The dislocation density and morphology of bainitic ferrite, and retained austenite characteristics such as size, and volume fraction were studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy. It was found that bainitic ferrite has high dislocation density for both steels. The retained austenite characteristics and bainite morphology were affected by composition of steels. Atom Probe Tomography (APT) has the high spatial resolution required for accurate determination of the carbon content of the bainitic ferrite and retained austenite, the solute distribution between these phases and calculation of the local composition of fine clusters and particles that allows to provide detailed insight into the bainite transformation of the steels. The carbon content of bainitic ferrite in both steels was found to be higher compared to the para-equilibrium level of carbon in ferrite. APT also revealed the presence of fine C-rich clusters and Fe-C carbides in bainitic ferrite of both steels.
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Xu, Guang, Tao Xiong, Yu Long Zhang, Ming Xing Zhou, and Yi Zhang. "The Effects of High Temperature Deformation on Bainite Transformation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.206.

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The effects of high temperature deformation on transformed microstructure and transformation amount in a high strength bainitic steel were investigated. It indicates that isothermal bainitic transformation is promoted by high temperature deformation. The transformed bainite microstructure is also affected by high temperature deformation, i.e. deformation retards the growth of bainite sheaves, leading to shorter banitie plates. The present study is useful to further understand the effects of ausforming on bainitic transformation.
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Wang, Zhi Fen, Yun Guan, Li Xin Wu, Yi Qiang Sun, and Rong Dong Han. "Influence of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure of Bainitic Steel." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 886–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.886.

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The microstructure of a bainitic steel after different cooling rates has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The effect of cooling rate on the intermediate transformation microstructure was studied. The results showed that the final microstructure contained complex mixture of bainitic ferrite, granular bainite and polygonal ferrite. There was mainly lath-like bainitic ferrite at fast cooling rate (20Ks-1), while microstructure in samples cooled with intermediate rates (8~15 Ks-1) contained bainitic ferrite and granular bainite. When cooling rate decreased to less than 5Ks-1, polygonal ferrite occurred.
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Hu, Feng, and Kai Ming Wu. "Isothermal Transformation of Low Temperature Super Bainite." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1843–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1843.

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Fine-scale bainitic microstructure with excellent mechanical properties has been achieved by transforming austenite to bainite at low temperature ranging from 200oC to 300oC. Microstructural observations and hardness measurements show that transformed microstructures consist of bainitic ferrite and carbon-enriched retained austenite. The thickness of bainitic ferrite plates is less than 50 nm. The hardness reaches approximately 640 HV1. Strong austenite and/or large driving force at the low transformation temperature leads to ultra fine bainitic ferrite plates. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that low-temperature bainite transformation is an incomplete reaction. The carbon content in carbon-enriched retained austenite is below the para-equilibrium (Ae3′) phase boundary predicted. The carbon content in bainitic ferrite is less than that T0′ phase boundary predicted.
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Yuan, Lian Jie, Qing Suo Liu, and Bin Gao. "Effect of Austenitization Temperature on Formation of Low Temperature Bainite." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.103.

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The influence of austenitization temperature on the incubation period and bainitic transformation behaviours of the high-carbon silicon steel has been investigated. It was found that the nose temperature of bainite transformation and incubation period decreases with increasing austenitization temperature. The microstructure characteristics of the bainitic transformation products have been also observed. After isothermal heat treatment at 230°C for 20 mins, all samples austenitized at different temperatures produced a bainitic structure, which consists of packets of parallel ferrite laths. The major difference lies in the edge boundary morphology. Bainitic laths formed in low-temperature austenitization conditions has sharp saw-tooth edge boundaries, whereas bainite transformed from high-temperature austenitization conditions, have smooth wedge boundaries. Key Words: austenitization temperature; low-temperature bainite; incubation period;edge boundary
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Fang, Hong Sheng, Gu Hui Gao, Yan Kang Zheng, Zhi Gang Yang, and Bing Zhe Bai. "The Development of Mn-Series Air-Cooled and Water-Quenched Bainitic Steels in China." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.57.

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The origin and development of air-cooled Mn-series bainite steels are introduced. The invented idea, strengthening-toughening mechanism, mechanical performances, development and application of this kind of steel including granular bainitic steels, FGBA / BG duplex steels, CFB/M duplex steels, medium carbon bainite/martensite steels, cast bainitic steels are presented. The invented idea mechanical performances, development and application of second generation of Mn-series bainitic steels, i.e. water-quenched Mn-series bainitic steels invented by the authors newly are introduced. The water quenched Mn-series bainitic steels can meet the performance requirements of most steels used in engineering structure, reduce the amount of alloying content, increase harden capability and improve weldability. It should be pointed out that the application of both air-cold and water- quenched Mn-series bainitic steels are complementary and mutually reinforcing. Some newest technology of Mn-series bainitic steels in China are discussed in this paper. It is suggested that the significance of the development of the Mn-series bainitic steels can be summarized as: significantly reducing costs of both raw materials and production; good combination of strength and toughness; excellent weldability; simple procedure; large savings in energy resources and environmental pollution is reduced.
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Wang, Ke Lu, Xin Li, and Xian Juan Dong. "Effect of Tempering Temperature on Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of 800MPa Microalloy Low Carbon Bainitic Steel." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.406.

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The effect of tempering temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a microalloy low carbon bainitic steel was investigated by microscopic analysis and testing of mechanical properties. The results show that the microstructures of the tested steel primarily consists of lath bainite, granular bainite, quasipolygonal ferrite and little acicular ferrite at different tempering temperatures. With the tempering temperature increasing, the proportion of lath bainitie decreases, while the volume of granular bainite and quasipolygonal ferrite increases. At the tempering temperatures of 550-650°C and tempering time of 1 hour, the steel was mostly composed of granular bainite, quasipolygonal ferrite and a little lath bainite, which a good combination of strength and toughness can be obtained.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bainitic"

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Chang, Liou Chun. "Bainite transformation and novel bainitic rail steels." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360612.

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Peet, Mathew James. "Transformation and tempering of low-temperature bainite." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609018.

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Garnham, John Ernest. "The wear of bainitic and pearlitic steels." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9148.

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The rolling-sliding dry-wear behaviour of a series of bainitic steels and a standard pearlitic rail steel have been compared over a range of contact stress and creepage conditions applicable to the British Rail network. A rolling-sliding wear machine has been constructed - LEROS - which allows very high contact stresses to be combined with high creepages under well controlled conditions. Materials were tested on LEROS and on an Amsler machine. Limited vibration analyses were carried out on both machines and compared with the frequencies of disc surface periodic undulations. No direct linkage was determined. Despite better standard mechanical properties, the wear resistance of lower carbon bainitic steels was inferior to that of the pearlitic steel. A bainitic steel with the same carbon content as the pearlitic steel wore a little less, but at considerable expense to the pearlitic wheel steel counter-material in the wear couple. The wear resistance of bainitic steels depends upon the volume fraction of hard phase, such as carbide and martensite-austenite phase, for rolling-sliding as well as other types of dry wear loading. Pearlitic steel performs exceptionally well under certain rolling-sliding conditions, such as the majority seen in these tests, since the lamellar microstructure is modified so as to present a greater area fraction of carbide hard phase at the wear surface, a fraction in excess of bulk volume fraction. Recommendations are made for the dry wear applicability of the steels.
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Suikkanen, P. (Pasi). "Development and processing of low carbon bainitic steels." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2009. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514292576.

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Abstract The aim of this work was to study systematically the effects of composition and processing on austenite grain growth and static recrystallization (SRX) kinetics, austenite decomposition under controlled cooling as well as microstructures, mechanical properties and weldability of hot rolled low carbon bainitic (LCB) steels. The results showed that the coarsening of austenite grain structure is influenced by the chemical composition. Steels with Nb-Ti alloying exhibited fine and uniform austenite grain size up to 1125 °C, whereas higher temperatures led to formation of the bimodal grain structures. However, with Nb-Ti-B microalloying, the abnormal grain growth was already observed at 1050 °C. SRX rate at roughing temperatures, determined by the stress relaxation method, was found to be retarded markedly by Mo, Nb and B alloying. For the test conditions investigated, the decomposition of austenite started in the temperature range from 780 °C to below 550 °C. All alloying elements with the exception of Nb (0.04–0.10 wt-%) decreased the phase transformation temperatures and increased the hardness of dilatometric specimens. Detailed microstructural examinations enabled the identification of 4 different ferrite morphologies: polygonal ferrite, quasi-polygonal ferrite (QF), granular bainitic ferrite (GB) and bainitic ferrite (BF), generally as a mixed microstructure consisting of 2–3 types morphologies. Consistent with the microstructures detected in dilatometric experiments, the microstructures of rolled plates comprise various combinations of low C ferrite morphologies. These microstructure types provided the yield strengths from 500 MPa up to 850 MPa in hot rolled condition and from 500 MPa to 950 MPa in heat-treated condition (600 °C/1h). The yield strengths from 500 MPa to 570 MPa were mainly related to QF microstructures in as-rolled condition, while the steels with the yield strength from 570 to 700 MPa had GB-QF microstructures. Steels with the yield strengths above 700 MPa consisted of BF. The most effective alloying element regarding the strength properties is B. Also C, Mn, Cr, Mo and Ni have strong influences, but Nb in the range of 0.05–0.10 wt-% is ineffective. Strengthening with B and Mo was detrimental to toughness. Alloying with Ni and Mn is beneficial to good strength and toughness combination. Mn, Mo, Nb and B contents mainly dictate CGHAZ toughness.
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Linares, Arregui Irene. "Mechanical behaviour of a bainitic high strength roller bearing steel." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Avd.), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-25423.

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Pitt, Catherine Erica. "Wear and microstructure relationships in carbide-free bainitic rail steels." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621914.

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Mazraeh, Amin. "Sliding Wear Behavior of Self-Mated Carbide-free Bainitic Steels." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70743.

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Hammond, Ruth Imogen. "Shock and ballistic properties of bainitic steels and tungsten alloys." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251931.

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This dissertation reports the shock and ballistic properties of a selection of bainitic steels. In order to attain these data a number of experimental techniques were developed and the dynamic properties of two sintered tungsten alloys were measured. The shock properties of the two bainitic steels considered in this research were found to be similar, there were however some important differences. Whilst the upper bainitic samples were recovered either whole or in a few fragments, the lower temperature bainite exhibited a great deal of brittle fracture. A very interesting difference was that while the ferrite in the lower temperature bainite underwent a pressure induced phase transition at 13 GPa as would be expected in a low alloy steel, the upper bainite did not appear to. Whether the phase transition has in fact been suppressed or so fast as to be non-observable is discussed in this dissertation. Given the only difference between these two alloys is microstructural, this must be the overriding factor in whether this characteristic transition is observed. Using both classic and symmetric Taylor tests, two sintered tungsten alloys were characterised, remarkably, tensile surface strains of almost 5% were recorded. These materials are under consideration as an environmentally friendly penetrator material, a replacement for the depleted uranium currently used, making them ideal projectile material for this study of the ballistic properties of potential and current armour steels, Ballistics experiments were performed in order to compare one of the bainitic steels with both an existing armour steel and also to mild steel using tungsten penetrators. The existing armour steel exhibited a ‘plugging’ behaviour.  The bainitic steel failed by a combination of the ‘plugging’ mechanism and fragmentation.
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Lu, Yu 1977. "Effect of boron on microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon microalloyed steels." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112575.

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Low carbon bainitic steels microalloyed with Nb, Ti and V are widely used for the pipeline, construction and automobile industries because of their excellent combination of strength, toughness and weldability. Boron as another major alloying element has been also frequently used in this type of steels since the 1970s. The purpose of adding boron is to improve the hardenability of the steel by promoting bainite formation.
It has been realized that Boron can only be effective as a strengthening element when it is prevented from forming BN and/or Fe23(C, B) 6 precipitates. Therefore, Boron is always added together with other alloying elements which are stronger Nitride or Carbide formers, such as Ti and Nb. However, the formation of complex bainitic structures and the interaction with precipitates at industrial coiling temperature are not adequately understood.
In this study, the effect of boron on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a low carbon Nb-B steel was studied by a hot compression test (50% reduction at 850°C) followed by quenching samples into a salt bath. The microstructures of the tested samples were examined through optical microscopy and SEM; and the mechanical properties of these samples were investigated by micro-hardness and shear punch tests.
The results indicate that during thermo-mechanical controlled rolling (TCR), the final properties of the products not only depend on the applied deformation but also depend on the coiling temperature where phase transformation takes place. According to the investigation, two strengthening mechanisms are responsible for the strength of the steel at the coiling temperature: phase transformation and precipitation. Under optical microscopy, the microstructures of all specimens appear to be bainite in a temperature range from 350°C to 600°C without distinct differences. However, the SEM micrographs revealed that the microstructures at 550°C are very different from the microstructures transformed at the other holding temperatures.
Two strength peaks were observed at 350°C and 550°C in the temperature range studied. It is believed that the NbC precipitates are the main contributor to the peak strength observed at 550°C because the kinetics of NbC is quite rapid at this temperature. The strength peak at 350°C is mainly due to the harder bainitic phase, which formed at relatively lower temperature.
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Kolmskog, Peter. "Does Bainite form with or without diffusion? : The experimental and theoretical evidence." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Metallografi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121344.

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With the increased interest in bainitic steels, fundamental understanding of the bainite transformationis of major importance. Unfortunately, the research on bainite has been hampered by an oldcontroversy on its formation mechanism. Over the years two quite different theories have developedclaiming to describe the bainite transformation i.e. the diffusionless and the diffusion controlledtheory. In this thesis, attention is directed towards fundamental understanding of the bainitetransformation and both experimental and theoretical approaches are used in order to reveal its truenatureIn the first part of this thesis the symmetry in the Fe-C phase diagram is studied. It is based on ametallographic mapping of microstructures using light optical microscopy and scanning electronmicroscopy in a high carbon steel. The mapping revealed symmetries both with respect to temperatureand carbon content and an acicular eutectoid with cementite as the leading phase was found andidentified as inverse bainite. By accepting that all the eutectoid microstructures forms by diffusion ofcarbon, one may explain the existence of symmetries in the Fe-C phase diagram. Additional supportof its existence is obtained from an observation of symmetries in an alloyed steel. From the performedwork it was concluded that the existence of symmetries among the eutectoid microstructures fromaustenite supports the idea that bainite forms by a diffusion controlled transformation.In the second part the growth of bainite is considered. An experimental study using laser scanningconfocal microscopy was performed and growth rates of the transformation products from austenite ina high carbon, high chromium steel was analysed. The growth rate measurements reveals the kineticrelation between Widmanstätten cementite and the acicular eutectoid previously identified as inversebainite which confirms its existence and the conclusions drawn in the first part. In addition, in-situobservations of bainite formation below Ms provide additional support for the diffusion controlledtheory for bainite formation.The final part of the work is a study of the critical conditions for the formation of acicular ferrite.Based on experimental information found in the literature a thermodynamic analysis is performed inview of the two theories. The results demonstrate that the governing process for Fe-C alloys cannot bediffusionless but both kinds of processes can formally be used for predicting Bs temperatures for Fe-Calloys.

QC 20130503

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Books on the topic "Bainitic"

1

Beno, Michael L. Characterization of ultra-low carbon bainitic steels for use as weld wire consumables. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1994.

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Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Bainite in steel: Transformations, microstructure and properties. London: Institute of Materials, 1992.

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H.K.D.H Bhadeshia. Bainite in steels: Transformations, microstructure and properties. London: Institute of Materials, 1992.

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Accounts, Ireland Oireachtas Dáil Committee of Public. Tuarascáil: Athbhreithniú ar na nósanna imeachta a leanann Oifig na nOibreach Poiblí ó thaobh bainistí agus rialú a tionscadal caipitiúil. Baile Átha Cliath: Oifi an tSoláthair, 1988.

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Bainite in Steels: Transformations, Microstructure and Properties. Institute of Materials, 2001.

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Bainite in Steels: Theory and Practice. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Bainite in Steels: Transformations, Microstructure and Properties. 2nd ed. Maney Publishing, 2001.

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Ivanov, Yurii, Viktor Gromov, and Elena Nikitina. Bainitic Constructional Steel: Structure and Hardening Mechanisms. Cambridge International Science Publishing, 2018.

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Bohemen, Stefanus Van. Acoustic Emission Study Of Martensitic & Bainitic Transformations In Carbon Steel. Delft Univ Pr, 2004.

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American Welding Society. Committee on Filler Metals. and American Welding Society. Technical Activities Committee., eds. Standard methods for the determination of diffusible hydrogen content of martensitic, bainitic, and ferritic steel weld metal produced by arc welding. Miami, Fla: American Welding Society, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bainitic"

1

Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. "High Performance Bainitic Steels." In Materials Science Forum, 63–74. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-981-4.63.

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Garcia-Mateo, C., and F. G. Caballero. "Nanocrystalline Bainitic Steels for Industrial Applications." In Nanotechnology for Energy Sustainability, 707–24. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527696109.ch29.

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Vieira, Igor, and Emmanuel De Moor. "Tempering Response of Bainitic and Martensitic Microstructures." In Proceedings of the 3rd Pan American Materials Congress, 791–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52132-9_78.

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He, Xinlai, and Chengjia Shang. "Microstructure Fining Theory of Low- carbon Bainitic Steel." In Ultra-Fine Grained Steels, 235–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77230-9_5.

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Wang, Xue Min, Xin Lai He, Shan Wu Yang, and Cheng Jia Shang. "The Ultra-Fine Bainitic Steels and Refinement Technology." In THERMEC 2006, 4566–71. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.4566.

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Song, Wenwen, Ulrich Prahl, Wolfgang Bleck, and Krishnendu Mukherjee. "Phase-Field Simulations of Bainitic Phase Transformation in 100CR6." In Supplemental Proceedings, 417–25. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118062142.ch50.

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Clayton, P., R. Devanathan, N. Jin, and R. K. Steele. "A Review of Bainitic Steels for Wheel/Rail Contact." In Rail Quality and Maintenance for Modern Railway Operation, 41–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8151-6_4.

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Mohrbacher, Hardy, Xinjun Sun, Qilong Yong, and Han Dong. "MoNb-Based Alloying Concepts for Low-Carbon Bainitic Steels." In Advanced Steels, 289–301. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17665-4_30.

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Li, Yu, and David Milbourn. "Vanadium in Bainitic Steels: A Review of Recent Developments." In Advanced Steels, 303–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17665-4_31.

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Kundu, Malay, Shubhabrata Datta, Sven Curtze, V. T. Kuokkala, and Partha Protim Chattopadhyay. "Mechanical Properties of Copper-Added Ultra-fine Bainitic Steel." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 87–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7892-7_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bainitic"

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You, Haoxing, Mei Yang, Yishu Zhang, and Richard D. Sisson. "Austempering and Bainitic Transformation Kinetics of AISI 52100." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021p0203.

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Abstract AISI 52100 is a high carbon alloy steel typically used in bearings. One hardening heat treatment method for AISI 52100 is austempering, in which the steel is heated to above austenitizing temperature, cooled to just above martensite starting (Ms) temperature in quench media (typically molten salt), held at that temperature until the transformation to bainite is completed and then cooled further to room temperature. Different austempering temperatures and holding times will develop different bainite percentages in the steel and result in different mechanical properties. In the present work, the bainitic transformation kinetics of AISI 52100 were investigated through experiments and simulation. Molten salt austempering trials of AISI 52100 were conducted at selected austempering temperatures and holding times. The austempered samples were characterized and the bainitic transformation kinetics were analyzed by Avrami equations using measured hardness data. The CHTE quench probe was used to measure the cooling curves in the molten salt from austenitizing temperature to the selected austempering temperatures. The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) was calculated with the measured cooling rates and used to calculate the bainitic transformation kinetics via DANTE software. The experimental results were compared with the calculated results and they had good agreement.
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Putatunda, Susil K. "Development of a New Bainitic Steel." In Automotive and Transportation Technology Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-3361.

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Lee, Ki Myung, and Andreas A. Polycarpou. "Micro/Nano Scale Wear Behavior of Pearlitic and Bainitic Rail Steels." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63735.

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To develop rails with higher hardness and thus better durability and longer life, alternative microstructures have been suggested, since conventional pearlitic rail steels have reached their hardness limit. Such a newly developed material has a fine bainite microstructure (coded J6 bainitic steel) and showed higher initial hardness but poorer on-site wear performance, compared to conventional pearlitic steels. This was explained by the fact that pearlitic steels show significant work hardening under severe stress conditions, even though their initial hardness was lower. In this work, the wear behavior of pearlitic and J6 bainitic rail steels was investigated at the micro/nano scale, using the nanoscratch technique. It was found that pearlitic steel shows better wear performance at the micro scale as well, in agreement with large scale rail field tests.
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De Moor, Emmanuel, and Igor Vieira. "Tempering Response of Martensitic and Bainitic Microstructures." In The 4th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/mmme18.1.

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Vieira, I., D. Williamson, and E. De Moor. "Tempering Response of Isothermally Transformed Bainitic Microstructures." In MS&T17. MS&T17, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2017/mst_2017_507_516.

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Vieira, I., D. Williamson, and E. De Moor. "Tempering Response of Isothermally Transformed Bainitic Microstructures." In MS&T17. MS&T17, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7449/2017mst/2017/mst_2017_507_516.

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Reichert, Jennifer M., Matthias Militzer, Warren J. Poole, and Laurie Collins. "A New Approach Using EBSD to Quantitatively Distinguish Complex Transformation Products Along the HAZ in X80 Linepipe Steel." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33668.

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State-of-the-art linepipe steels are microalloyed low-carbon steels that combine high strength and fracture toughness with good weldability. During welding of pipe sections the heat affected zone (HAZ) experiences rapid thermal cycles resulting in a graded microstructure that can be significantly different from that of the base metal. In particular a variety of bainitic microstructures can form in the HAZ. Depending on the type of bainite mechanical properties may be improved or may lead to poor fracture resistance and be detrimental to the overall HAZ performance. Optical microscopy is not sufficient to differentiate bainitic morphologies which vary with the transformation temperature. The investigated X80 linepipe steel also contains retained austenite at room temperature. Based on the retained austenite it is possible to characterize the orientation relationship (OR) between austenite and the transformation products. It is found that bainite shows an orientation relationship near Kurdjumov-Sachs with the prior austenite. Variant selection is related to the driving force for the bainite reaction and hence depends on the transformation temperature. In the current study Electron BackScatter Diffraction (EBSD) mapping is used to characterize transformation products based on their orientation relationship. This approach offers a quantitative way to determine volume fractions of different types of bainite in complex HAZ microstructures which is necessary to establish structure-property relationships of the HAZ.
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de Oliveira, Pedro Gabriel Bonella, Fábio Edson Mariani, Luiz Carlos Casteletti, André Itman Filho, Amadeu Lombardi Neto, and George Edward Totten. "Boro-Austempering Treatment of High Strength Bainitic Steels." In HT2019. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2019p0207.

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Abstract High strength bainitic steels are considered potential candidates for the 3rd generation of advanced high strength steels (AHSS). The main characteristic of silicon alloyed steels is the presence of carbide-free bainite, obtained by low temperature austempering. Salt bath boriding is an effective method for increasing wear resistance and provides high corrosion resistance. The combination of these two treatments is called boro-austempering and is a promising alternative to increase the wear resistance of AHSS. In the present work, samples were borided at 900°C for 2 hours, direct cooled from that temperature and isothermally held in salt bath at 360°C for 1 and 3 hours. The substrate and the layers produced were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Vickers microhardness (HRV) and microadhesive wear tests. The tribological characteristics of the layers were compared with those of the substrate. The microscopic analysis showed the effectiveness of boroaustempering treatment in the production of carbide-free bainite microstructure and the surface borided layers. As a result, there were increases in surface wear resistance up to 2,6 times when compared to the substrate.
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Nakamura, Sadayuki, Koichiro Inoue, and Tomoki Hanyuda. "Development of High Toughness Bainitic Microalloyed Forging Steel." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/980883.

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Ivanov, Yu F., E. N. Nikitina, and V. E. Gromov. "Carbon distribution in bainitic steel subjected to deformation." In ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4932765.

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Reports on the topic "Bainitic"

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Garcia, C. I., and A. J. DeArdo. Ultra-Low Carbon Bainitic Steels for Heavy Plate Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada236859.

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Mao, S. X., and V. K. Sikka. Fracture Toughness and Strength in a New Class of Bainitic Chromium-Tungsten Steels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/886702.

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Garcia, C. I., and A. J. DeArdo. Study of the BS Temperature in a Molybdenum-Containing Ultra-Low Carbon Bainitic Steel for Heavy Plate Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada177793.

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Vigilante, G., M. Hespos, and S. Bartolucci. Evaluation of Flash Bainite in 4130 Steel. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada588144.

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Kapp, J. A., J. Barranco, L. Meisel, P. J. Cote, and R. N. Wright. Unusually High Fracture Toughness of ASTM A723 Steel from a Mixed Martensite/Bainite Microstructure. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230315.

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