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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bainitic steel

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Academic literature on the topic 'Bainitic steel'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Bainitic steel"

1

Timokhina, Ilana, Hossein Beladi, Xiang Yuan Xiong, Yoshitaka Adachi, and Peter D. Hodgson. "Application of Advanced Experimental Techniques for the Microstructural Characterization of Nanobainitic Steels." Solid State Phenomena 172-174 (June 2011): 1249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.172-174.1249.

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A 0.79C-1.5Si-1.98Mn-0.98Cr-0.24Mo-1.06Al-1.58Co (wt%) steel was isothermally heat treated at 350°C bainitic transformation temperature for 1 day to form fully bainitic structure with nano-layers of bainitic ferrite and retained austenite, while a 0.26C-1.96Si-2Mn-0.31Mo (wt%) steel was subjected to a successive isothermal heat treatment at 700°C for 300 min followed by 350°C for 120 min to form a hybrid microstructure consisting of ductile ferrite and fine scale bainite. The dislocation density and morphology of bainitic ferrite, and retained austenite characteristics such as size, and volume fraction were studied using Transmission Electron Microscopy. It was found that bainitic ferrite has high dislocation density for both steels. The retained austenite characteristics and bainite morphology were affected by composition of steels. Atom Probe Tomography (APT) has the high spatial resolution required for accurate determination of the carbon content of the bainitic ferrite and retained austenite, the solute distribution between these phases and calculation of the local composition of fine clusters and particles that allows to provide detailed insight into the bainite transformation of the steels. The carbon content of bainitic ferrite in both steels was found to be higher compared to the para-equilibrium level of carbon in ferrite. APT also revealed the presence of fine C-rich clusters and Fe-C carbides in bainitic ferrite of both steels.

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Liu, Miao, Yusong Fan, Xiaolu Gui, Jie Hu, Xi Wang, and Guhui Gao. "Relationship between Microstructure and Properties of 1380 MPa Grade Bainitic Rail Steel Treated by Online Bainite-Based Quenching and Partitioning Concept." Metals 12, no. 2 (February 13, 2022): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020330.

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According to the concept of the bainite-based quenching and partitioning (BQ&P) process, we designed the online heat treatment routes of bainitic rail steel for heavy haul railway. The new heat treatment process reduced the fraction and size of the blocky martensite/austenite (M/A) islands formed during the conventional air-cooling process. The M/A islands are coarse and undesirable for mechanical properties. A new kind of 1380 MPa grade bainitic rail steel with more uniform microstructure and better mechanical properties was produced by the online BQ&P process. We characterized the multiphase microstructures containing bainite, martensite, and retained austenite of 1380 MPa grade bainitic rail steels via optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffractometer. We investigated in-depth the relationship between the microstructure, retained austenite stability, and mechanical properties, particularly the resistance to wear and rolling contact fatigue, of the new 1380 MPa grade bainitic rail steels. Meanwhile, the conventional air-cooling bainitic rail steel was studied as a comparison.

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Pei, Wei, Wei Liu, Yue Zhang, Rongjian Qie, and Aimin Zhao. "Study on Kinetics of Transformation in Medium Carbon Steel Bainite at Different Isothermal Temperatures." Materials 14, no. 11 (May 21, 2021): 2721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112721.

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Ultra-fine carbide-free bainitic (UCFB) steel, also known as nano-bainite (NB) steel, is composed of bainitic ferrite laths with nanoscale thickness and carbon-rich film-like retained austenite located between laths. The bainite transformation kinetic model can accurately describe the bainite transformation kinetics in conventional austempering (CA) processes based on the shear mechanism combined with the dilatometer test. UCFB steels with medium and high carbon composition are designed in this work to systematically study the transformation kinetics of bainite, and the evolution of its microstructure and properties, and reveal the influence of heat treatment processes on the microstructure and properties the UCFB steels. The results show that the activation energy for BF nucleation decreases during the CA process and isothermal transformation temperature decreases. The bainite transformation is first nucleated at the grain boundaries, and then nucleated at the newly formed bainitic ferrite/austenite interface.

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4

Fang, Hong Sheng, Gu Hui Gao, Yan Kang Zheng, Zhi Gang Yang, and Bing Zhe Bai. "The Development of Mn-Series Air-Cooled and Water-Quenched Bainitic Steels in China." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.57.

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The origin and development of air-cooled Mn-series bainite steels are introduced. The invented idea, strengthening-toughening mechanism, mechanical performances, development and application of this kind of steel including granular bainitic steels, FGBA / BG duplex steels, CFB/M duplex steels, medium carbon bainite/martensite steels, cast bainitic steels are presented. The invented idea mechanical performances, development and application of second generation of Mn-series bainitic steels, i.e. water-quenched Mn-series bainitic steels invented by the authors newly are introduced. The water quenched Mn-series bainitic steels can meet the performance requirements of most steels used in engineering structure, reduce the amount of alloying content, increase harden capability and improve weldability. It should be pointed out that the application of both air-cold and water- quenched Mn-series bainitic steels are complementary and mutually reinforcing. Some newest technology of Mn-series bainitic steels in China are discussed in this paper. It is suggested that the significance of the development of the Mn-series bainitic steels can be summarized as: significantly reducing costs of both raw materials and production; good combination of strength and toughness; excellent weldability; simple procedure; large savings in energy resources and environmental pollution is reduced.

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Wang, Pengfei, Peng Chen, Dapeng Yang, Tao Wang, and Hongliang Yi. "980 MPa Grade Low-Alloy Carbide-Free Bainitic Steel Obtained by Dynamic Continuous Cooling Transformation." Crystals 13, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13020213.

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The addition of high-content alloying elements and the unbefitting process make carbide-free bainite steel difficult in industrial production. Thus, we adopted a dynamic continuous cooling process for developing the high-strength cold-rolled low-alloy carbide-free bainitic steels in this study. The influence of cooling rates on the microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated by dilatometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and tensile tests. The results show that the bainitic ferrite plates were refined by decreasing the cooling rate, and more austenite was retained in the steel with a medium cooling rate. Both the TRIP effect and the refined bainitic ferrite plate contribute to the good strength–ductility match. Consequently, the propitious microstructure adjustment is critical for developing 980 MPa carbide-free bainitic steel.

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Cui, Wen Fang, Chang Jing Shao, and Chun Ming Liu. "Corrosion Behavior of New Weathering Steel in the Environment Simulating Coastal Industrial Atmosphere." Advanced Materials Research 479-481 (February 2012): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.322.

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The corrosion behavior of low carbon bainitic steel with Cu-P alloying in the environment simulating coastal industrial atmosphere was investigated by using dry-wet cycling corrosion test. 09CuPCrNi steel and low carbon bainitic steel without Cu-P alloying were used as comparative steels. The corrosion kinetics and electrochemical impedance spectra of the steels were measured, respectively. The morphologies of rust layers were observed by SEM and the phase constitutes of the rust layers were analyzed by XRD. Low carbon bainitic steel with Cu-P alloying behaves the lowest corrosion rate and the highest resistance of rust layer. Bainite microstructure is responsible for the uniform corrosion and the formation of dense rust layer. Cu-P alloying accelerates the transformation of gamma-FeOOH and Fe3O4 to thermodynamic stable phase alpha-FeOOH, which improves the protective effect of the rust layer.

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Ansari, M. H. Sheikh, and M. Aghaie-Khafri. "Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultra High Strength Bainitic Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.77.

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In this study, medium carbon low alloy steel was used to obtain bainitic structures. The lower bainite and tempered martensite-lower bainite structures were achieved by isothermal austempering and up quenching treatment, respectively. Based on the results obtained these structures showed a very good combination of strength and toughness. Furthermore, it has been shown that austenitization time and temperature, as well as austempering time and temperature play a major role in achieving ultra-high strength bainitic steels.

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Wang, Ke Lu, Xin Li, and Xian Juan Dong. "Effect of Tempering Temperature on Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of 800MPa Microalloy Low Carbon Bainitic Steel." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.406.

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The effect of tempering temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a microalloy low carbon bainitic steel was investigated by microscopic analysis and testing of mechanical properties. The results show that the microstructures of the tested steel primarily consists of lath bainite, granular bainite, quasipolygonal ferrite and little acicular ferrite at different tempering temperatures. With the tempering temperature increasing, the proportion of lath bainitie decreases, while the volume of granular bainite and quasipolygonal ferrite increases. At the tempering temperatures of 550-650°C and tempering time of 1 hour, the steel was mostly composed of granular bainite, quasipolygonal ferrite and a little lath bainite, which a good combination of strength and toughness can be obtained.

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Guo, Hui, Xianying Feng, Aimin Zhao, Qiang Li, and Jun Ma. "Influence of Prior Martensite on Bainite Transformation, Microstructures, and Mechanical Properties in Ultra-Fine Bainitic Steel." Materials 12, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030527.

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A multiphase microstructure comprising of different volume fractions of prior martensite and ultra-fine bainite (bainitic ferrite and retained austenite) was obtained by quenching to certain temperatures, followed by isothermal bainitic transformation. The effect of the prior martensite transformation on the bainitic transformation behavior, microstructures, and mechanical properties were discussed. The results showed that the prior martensite accelerated the subsequent low-temperature bainite transformation, and the incubation period and completion time of the bainite reaction were significantly shortened. This phenomenon was attributed to the enhanced nucleation ratio caused by the introduced strain in austenite, due to the formation of prior martensite and a carbon partitioning between the prior martensite and retained austenite. Moreover, the prior martensite could influence the crystal growth direction of bainite ferrite, refine bainitic ferrite plates, and reduce the dimension of blocky retained austenite, all of which were responsible for improving the mechanical properties of the ultra-fine bainitic steel. When the content of the prior martensite reached 15%, the investigated steels had the best performance, which were 1800 MPa and 21% for the tensile strength and elongation, respectively. Unfortunately, the increased content of the prior martensite could lead to a worsening of the impact toughness.

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10

Wang, Zhi Fen, Yun Guan, Li Xin Wu, Yi Qiang Sun, and Rong Dong Han. "Influence of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure of Bainitic Steel." Advanced Materials Research 311-313 (August 2011): 886–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.311-313.886.

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The microstructure of a bainitic steel after different cooling rates has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The effect of cooling rate on the intermediate transformation microstructure was studied. The results showed that the final microstructure contained complex mixture of bainitic ferrite, granular bainite and polygonal ferrite. There was mainly lath-like bainitic ferrite at fast cooling rate (20Ks-1), while microstructure in samples cooled with intermediate rates (8~15 Ks-1) contained bainitic ferrite and granular bainite. When cooling rate decreased to less than 5Ks-1, polygonal ferrite occurred.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bainitic steel"

1

Peet, Mathew James. "Transformation and tempering of low-temperature bainite." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609018.

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Lu, Yu 1977. "Effect of boron on microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon microalloyed steels." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112575.

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Low carbon bainitic steels microalloyed with Nb, Ti and V are widely used for the pipeline, construction and automobile industries because of their excellent combination of strength, toughness and weldability. Boron as another major alloying element has been also frequently used in this type of steels since the 1970s. The purpose of adding boron is to improve the hardenability of the steel by promoting bainite formation.
It has been realized that Boron can only be effective as a strengthening element when it is prevented from forming BN and/or Fe23(C, B) 6 precipitates. Therefore, Boron is always added together with other alloying elements which are stronger Nitride or Carbide formers, such as Ti and Nb. However, the formation of complex bainitic structures and the interaction with precipitates at industrial coiling temperature are not adequately understood.
In this study, the effect of boron on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a low carbon Nb-B steel was studied by a hot compression test (50% reduction at 850°C) followed by quenching samples into a salt bath. The microstructures of the tested samples were examined through optical microscopy and SEM; and the mechanical properties of these samples were investigated by micro-hardness and shear punch tests.
The results indicate that during thermo-mechanical controlled rolling (TCR), the final properties of the products not only depend on the applied deformation but also depend on the coiling temperature where phase transformation takes place. According to the investigation, two strengthening mechanisms are responsible for the strength of the steel at the coiling temperature: phase transformation and precipitation. Under optical microscopy, the microstructures of all specimens appear to be bainite in a temperature range from 350°C to 600°C without distinct differences. However, the SEM micrographs revealed that the microstructures at 550°C are very different from the microstructures transformed at the other holding temperatures.
Two strength peaks were observed at 350°C and 550°C in the temperature range studied. It is believed that the NbC precipitates are the main contributor to the peak strength observed at 550°C because the kinetics of NbC is quite rapid at this temperature. The strength peak at 350°C is mainly due to the harder bainitic phase, which formed at relatively lower temperature.

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3

Garnham, John Ernest. "The wear of bainitic and pearlitic steels." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9148.

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The rolling-sliding dry-wear behaviour of a series of bainitic steels and a standard pearlitic rail steel have been compared over a range of contact stress and creepage conditions applicable to the British Rail network. A rolling-sliding wear machine has been constructed - LEROS - which allows very high contact stresses to be combined with high creepages under well controlled conditions. Materials were tested on LEROS and on an Amsler machine. Limited vibration analyses were carried out on both machines and compared with the frequencies of disc surface periodic undulations. No direct linkage was determined. Despite better standard mechanical properties, the wear resistance of lower carbon bainitic steels was inferior to that of the pearlitic steel. A bainitic steel with the same carbon content as the pearlitic steel wore a little less, but at considerable expense to the pearlitic wheel steel counter-material in the wear couple. The wear resistance of bainitic steels depends upon the volume fraction of hard phase, such as carbide and martensite-austenite phase, for rolling-sliding as well as other types of dry wear loading. Pearlitic steel performs exceptionally well under certain rolling-sliding conditions, such as the majority seen in these tests, since the lamellar microstructure is modified so as to present a greater area fraction of carbide hard phase at the wear surface, a fraction in excess of bulk volume fraction. Recommendations are made for the dry wear applicability of the steels.

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4

Linares, Arregui Irene. "Mechanical behaviour of a bainitic high strength roller bearing steel." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Hållfasthetslära (Avd.), 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-25423.

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Dias, Joachim Octave Valentin. "The first high-strength bainitic steel designed for hydrogen embrittlement resistance." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273831.

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The phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement in steel has been known for over 150 years. Hydrogen-resistant alloys have been developed to mitigate this effect and three types of alloys with optimised structures have been enhanced over the years: nickel alloys, stainless steels, and quenched and tempered martensitic low alloy steels. Nevertheless, those alloys are limited in terms of strength and ductility. The aim of the work presented in this thesis was to design bainitic alloys with hydrogen embrittlement resistance, and with a better combination of strength and ductility than conventional alloys. In the novel alloys, two microstructural features were produced to mitigate the damaging effects of hydrogen: 1. A percolating austenite structure, in which hydrogen diffusion is orders of magnitude lower than in bainitic ferrite. This feature was introduced to impede the ingress of hydrogen through the structure. 2. Iron carbide traps, which can form at the bainite transformation temperature. This feature was introduced to trap diffusible hydrogen and prevent it from causing damage. The alloys, designed with the aid of computer models and phase transformation theory, contained a volume fraction of retained austenite above its percolation threshold, theorised as 0.1, which was proven to form an effcient barrier to hydrogen ingress. The effective diffusivity of hydrogen, measured using an electrochemical permeation technique, was shown to decrease with increasing austenite fraction up to the percolation threshold. It was seen to plateau for austenite fractions comprised between 0.1 and 0.18, and to decrease further for fractions above 0.18. The compositions of the alloys were precisely selected to allow for iron carbides to precipitate during the bainitic transformation reaction. Until the present work, only alloy carbides V4C3, TiC and NbC had been reported to strongly trap hydrogen. The literature was very inconsistent regarding the trapping ability of cementite, with reported trap binding energies ranging from 11 to 66 kJ mol−1. The carbides produced in the alloys were identified as cementite. The cementite fraction was measured to be 0.001 ± 0.0001 for one of the designed alloys, which is the lowest ever reported carbide fraction in steel measured using a simple X-ray diffraction technique. Experimental thermal desorption spectroscopy data were used to determine the binding energy of hydrogen to cementite to be 37.5 kJ mol−1, suggesting that cementite is not a strong hydrogen trap. Further tests performed after room temperature hydrogen degassing displayed insignifcant amount of trapped hydrogen, thus confrming the reversible nature of cementite traps. The comparison of two successive transients using the electrochemical permeation technique confirmed that result. The influence of the heat treatments on the microstructures and on the mechanical properties of the designed alloys was extensively studied. The novel alloys met all the set requirements, and successfully outperformed conventional alloys in terms of strength and ductility. They did not meet the NACE TM0316-2016 standard requirement for operation in hydrogen-rich environments, likely owing to the inadequate trapping ability of cementite. Future work should focus on exploring the possible use of alternative carbides for hydrogen trapping in bainitic structures.

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Reck, Victor. "Mechanical and microstructural properties of ultra-low carbon bainitic steel weld metal." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA302955.

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Du, Jinlong. "Development of high strength hot rolled strip steel products with bainitic microstructures." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6881/.

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High strength, low alloy, hot rolled strip steels with yield stresses in the range 700 to 1300MPa are required for the Lifting and Excavating product sector. Improved combination of strength and toughness in these high strength steels is desired, requiring a detailed understanding of the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties. In this work 12mm thick 700MPa yield stress strip steels with fully bainitic microstructures, with different compositions and/or processing conditions, have been studied. The microstructures of the steels were investigated with both optical microscopy and SEM. Micro-hardness and Charpy impact tests (at different temperatures) were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties, followed up with fracture surface analysis and unit crack path (UCP) analysis. Three types of bainitic microstructures were identified and quantified, including upper bainite, lower bainite and granular bainite. The fracture surface and UCP analysis indicating that granular bainite is detrimental to toughness, but cannot necessarily be avoided in the steels investigated; while the presence of a small amount of lower bainite (above 5%) was found to improve the impact toughness significantly. Continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams for steels with different compositions were produced, which allowed investigation of the phase transformation behaviour and selection of optimum chemical composition/coiling temperature for improved properties. The effects of alloying elements (B, Mo and V) on the transformation behaviour have been confirmed through the experiments. An optimised combination of alloying and coiling temperature has been proposed and validated via investigating plant trial products with similar alloying and processing parameters.

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8

Su, Xiaoyan. "Surface initiated rolling/sliding contact fatigue in pearlitic and low/medium carbon bainitic steels /." Full text open access at:, 1996. http://content.ohsu.edu/u?/etd,253.

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9

Joenoes, Ahmad T. "Quantitative analysis of fatigue behavior, fatigue damage and fatigue fracture surfaces of low carbon bainitic steel (SAE 15B13)." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19671.

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Butler, Daniel E. "The quantitative microstructural characterization of multipass TIG ultra low carbon bainitic steel weldments and correlation with mechanical properties." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA275169.

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Books on the topic "Bainitic steel"

1

H.K.D.H Bhadeshia. Bainite in steels: Transformations, microstructure and properties. London: Institute of Materials, 1992.

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Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. Bainite in steel: Transformations, microstructure and properties. London: Institute of Materials, 1992.

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Beno, Michael L. Characterization of ultra-low carbon bainitic steels for use as weld wire consumables. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1994.

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Bainite in Steels: Theory and Practice. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Bainite in Steels: Theory and Practice, Third Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Bainite in Steels: Theory and Practice, Third Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Bainite in Steels: Transformations, Microstructure and Properties. 2nd ed. Maney Publishing, 2001.

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H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Bainite in Steels: Theory and Practice, Third Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia. Bainite in Steels: Theory and Practice, Third Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Bainite in Steels: Transformations, Microstructure and Properties. Institute of Materials, 2001.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bainitic steel"

1

He, Xinlai, and Chengjia Shang. "Microstructure Fining Theory of Low- carbon Bainitic Steel." In Ultra-Fine Grained Steels, 235–99. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77230-9_5.

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Kundu, Malay, Shubhabrata Datta, Sven Curtze, V. T. Kuokkala, and Partha Protim Chattopadhyay. "Mechanical Properties of Copper-Added Ultra-fine Bainitic Steel." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 87–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7892-7_10.

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Luo, Quanshun, Matthew Kitchen, Vinay Patel, Martin Filleu, and Dave Owens. "Partial-Isothermally-Treated Low Alloy Ultrahigh Strength Steel With Martensitic/Bainitic Microstructure." In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 433–38. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119223399.ch50.

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Luo, Quanshun, Matthew Kitchen, Vinay Patel, Martin Filleul, and Dave Owens. "Partial-Isothermally-Treated Low Alloy Ultrahigh Strength Steel with Martensitic/Bainitic Microstructure." In HSLA Steels 2015, Microalloying 2015 & Offshore Engineering Steels 2015, 433–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48767-0_50.

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Wu, Hui Bin, Shan Wu Yang, S. Q. Yuan, Cheng Jia Shang, Xue Min Wang, and Xin Lai He. "Evolution of Microstructures in a Low Carbon Bainitic Steel during Reheating." In Materials Science Forum, 121–24. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.121.

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Wang, Xue Min, G. F. Zhou, Cheng Jia Shang, Shan Wu Yang, and Xin Lai He. "The Aging Behavior for Low Carbon Bainitic Steel Bearing Cu-Nb." In Materials Science Forum, 129–32. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.129.

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Ramakrishna R, V. S. M., Jai Prakash Gautam, G. Madhusudhan Reddy, and K. Bhanu Sankara Rao. "Recent Advances in Welding of High-Strength Bainitic Steel for Automotive Applications." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 79–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7892-7_9.

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He, Xin Lai, Cheng Jia Shang, Xue Min Wang, Shan Wu Yang, and Hua Xin Hou. "The Development of Ultra-Fine High Performance Low Carbon Bainitic Structural Steel." In THERMEC 2006, 4503–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.4503.

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Shang, Cheng Jia, Yi Nie, Hua Xin Hou, Jing Li, and Xin Lai He. "Intermediate Transformation Structure and Control Cooling Process in Low Carbon Bainitic Steel." In THERMEC 2006, 4521–25. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.4521.

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Nan, Wenming, Daping Zhang, Lijuan Li, Qingchun Li, and Qijie Zhai. "Effect of Pulse Magnetic Field on Isothermal Bainitic Transformation Process in Cr5 Steel." In TMS 2016 145th Annual Meeting & Exhibition, 619–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48254-5_74.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bainitic steel"

1

Putatunda, Susil K. "Development of a New Bainitic Steel." In Automotive and Transportation Technology Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-3361.

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Lee, Ki Myung, and Andreas A. Polycarpou. "Micro/Nano Scale Wear Behavior of Pearlitic and Bainitic Rail Steels." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63735.

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To develop rails with higher hardness and thus better durability and longer life, alternative microstructures have been suggested, since conventional pearlitic rail steels have reached their hardness limit. Such a newly developed material has a fine bainite microstructure (coded J6 bainitic steel) and showed higher initial hardness but poorer on-site wear performance, compared to conventional pearlitic steels. This was explained by the fact that pearlitic steels show significant work hardening under severe stress conditions, even though their initial hardness was lower. In this work, the wear behavior of pearlitic and J6 bainitic rail steels was investigated at the micro/nano scale, using the nanoscratch technique. It was found that pearlitic steel shows better wear performance at the micro scale as well, in agreement with large scale rail field tests.

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Nakamura, Sadayuki, Koichiro Inoue, and Tomoki Hanyuda. "Development of High Toughness Bainitic Microalloyed Forging Steel." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/980883.

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4

Ivanov, Yu F., E. N. Nikitina, and V. E. Gromov. "Carbon distribution in bainitic steel subjected to deformation." In ADVANCED MATERIALS WITH HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE FOR NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND RELIABLE STRUCTURES. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4932765.

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5

You, Haoxing, Mei Yang, Yishu Zhang, and Richard D. Sisson. "Austempering and Bainitic Transformation Kinetics of AISI 52100." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021p0203.

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Abstract AISI 52100 is a high carbon alloy steel typically used in bearings. One hardening heat treatment method for AISI 52100 is austempering, in which the steel is heated to above austenitizing temperature, cooled to just above martensite starting (Ms) temperature in quench media (typically molten salt), held at that temperature until the transformation to bainite is completed and then cooled further to room temperature. Different austempering temperatures and holding times will develop different bainite percentages in the steel and result in different mechanical properties. In the present work, the bainitic transformation kinetics of AISI 52100 were investigated through experiments and simulation. Molten salt austempering trials of AISI 52100 were conducted at selected austempering temperatures and holding times. The austempered samples were characterized and the bainitic transformation kinetics were analyzed by Avrami equations using measured hardness data. The CHTE quench probe was used to measure the cooling curves in the molten salt from austenitizing temperature to the selected austempering temperatures. The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) was calculated with the measured cooling rates and used to calculate the bainitic transformation kinetics via DANTE software. The experimental results were compared with the calculated results and they had good agreement.

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6

Reichert, Jennifer M., Matthias Militzer, Warren J. Poole, and Laurie Collins. "A New Approach Using EBSD to Quantitatively Distinguish Complex Transformation Products Along the HAZ in X80 Linepipe Steel." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33668.

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State-of-the-art linepipe steels are microalloyed low-carbon steels that combine high strength and fracture toughness with good weldability. During welding of pipe sections the heat affected zone (HAZ) experiences rapid thermal cycles resulting in a graded microstructure that can be significantly different from that of the base metal. In particular a variety of bainitic microstructures can form in the HAZ. Depending on the type of bainite mechanical properties may be improved or may lead to poor fracture resistance and be detrimental to the overall HAZ performance. Optical microscopy is not sufficient to differentiate bainitic morphologies which vary with the transformation temperature. The investigated X80 linepipe steel also contains retained austenite at room temperature. Based on the retained austenite it is possible to characterize the orientation relationship (OR) between austenite and the transformation products. It is found that bainite shows an orientation relationship near Kurdjumov-Sachs with the prior austenite. Variant selection is related to the driving force for the bainite reaction and hence depends on the transformation temperature. In the current study Electron BackScatter Diffraction (EBSD) mapping is used to characterize transformation products based on their orientation relationship. This approach offers a quantitative way to determine volume fractions of different types of bainite in complex HAZ microstructures which is necessary to establish structure-property relationships of the HAZ.

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7

Mitchell, M. R., Jon G. Flintoff, Mark M. Appleford, and Suresh S. Babu. "Fatigue Behavior of Case Hardened, High Carbon Bainitic Steel." In SAE Brasil International Conference on Fatigue. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2001-01-4080.

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Lee, Ki Myung, and Andreas A. Polycarpou. "Micro and Nanoscale Experiments and Finite Element Studies of Rail Steels." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44357.

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Recently rail steel with bainite microstructure was developed that had higher hardness compared to conventional pearlite microstructure steels and was expected to exhibit improved wear performance. However, it showed worse wear performance than pearlitic steel, and it was shown that conventional pearlitic steel work-hardened significantly more than bainitic steel under severe stress conditions. As the effects from the wheel/rail contact are confined to the topmost contact surface and sub-surface, convenient micro and nanowear experiments may also be used to predict the wear performance of rail steels. Such experiments were performed on rail samples and subsequently, a finite element model was developed to simulate repeated sliding contact/wear.

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9

Handa, Tsunehisa, Takahiro Kubo, Keniti Amano, Mitsuhiro Okatsu, Kazunori Miyamoto, and Michio Satoh. "Study on Unstable Brittle Crack Arrest Toughness of Extremely-Low Carbon Bainitic Steel Plates." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59739.

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The extremely-low carbon bainitic steel (ELCB steel) is a high strength steel with about 0.02 mass% or less carbon. In this research, unstable brittle crack arrest toughness of ELCB steel plates was investigated by temperature-gradient ESSO tests, compared with that of conventional TMCP steel plates. Both of ELCB and TMCP steel plates without pre-straining had sufficient crack-arrest toughness at 0°C. After 10% prestraining, the TMCP steel plate had not sufficient crack-arrest toughness at 0 °C . The ELCB steel plates, however, maintained high crack arrest toughness at 0°C. even after 10% pre-straining. ELCB steel were also different from TMCP steels in the correlation between transition temperature of crack arrest toughness and fracture appearance transition temperature (vTrs) obtained by Charpy impact test. When the vTrs of an ELCB steel and that of a TMCP steel were the same value, crack arrest toughness of an ELCB steel was higher than that of a TMCP steel. In the cross section of the ESSO test piece of the ELCB steels, many sub-cracks and micro-crack branching were observed. However, in the cross section of the ESSO test piece of the conventional TMCP steels, there were few subcracks and branching. Initiation of sub-cracks and branching around the main crack tip reduces the stress intensity factor of the main crack. It was considered that the above features of the ELCB steel were caused by initiation of sub-cracks and branching at the tip of the main brittle crack.

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10

Gaudet, Michael J., and Warren J. Poole. "Tensile and Fracture Properties of X80 Steel Microstructures Relevant to the HAZ." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90485.

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The girth welding of steel pipelines creates a substantial heat affected zone (HAZ) within the base pipeline steel. The HAZ can be considered to be a complex graded microstructure. While there is significant concern as to the fracture and mechanical properties of the HAZ as whole, detailed knowledge about the mechanical properties of the individual microstructures is lacking. For this study, X80 is heat treated in a Gleeble simulator to create samples of bulk microstructures with differing amounts and morphologies of bainite, ferrite and martensite-retained austenite (MA) with a total of 8 microstructures being investigated. The heat treatments were selected specifically to control the level of niobium in solid solution; that is to control whether niobium was fully in solution or contained mainly in niobium carbonitride precipitates. From the heat treated samples a matching tensile and fracture specimens were made. The strongest microstructure proved to be the finest bainitic microstructure, while the lowest strength microstructure was the coarsest bainite sample containing a significant amount of martensite-retained austenite connected along grain boundaries. The fracture behaviour at ambient temperature was studied using the Kahn tear test. The Kahn tear test is a machine notched, thin-sheet, slow strain rate fracture test which has the advantage of being a simple test to conduct. All Kahn tests failed in a ductile manner and it showed that the sample with the coarse bainite, with a connected martensite-retained austenite phase had the lowest unit propagation energy and tear strength while the fine, fully bainitic sample had the highest unit propagation energy and tear strength. Further investigation using SEM measurements of the final fracture surface from the tensile test to determine the tensile toughness. A comparison of the tensile toughness and unit propagation energies showed that there was a complex relationship between the two measurements. However, the samples which had the highest content of MA gave the in lowest unit propagation energy.

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Reports on the topic "Bainitic steel"

1

Garcia, C. I., and A. J. DeArdo. Study of the BS Temperature in a Molybdenum-Containing Ultra-Low Carbon Bainitic Steel for Heavy Plate Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada177793.

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2

Garcia, C. I., and A. J. DeArdo. Ultra-Low Carbon Bainitic Steels for Heavy Plate Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada236859.

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3

Vigilante, G., M. Hespos, and S. Bartolucci. Evaluation of Flash Bainite in 4130 Steel. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada588144.

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4

Mao, S. X., and V. K. Sikka. Fracture Toughness and Strength in a New Class of Bainitic Chromium-Tungsten Steels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/886702.

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5

Kapp, J. A., J. Barranco, L. Meisel, P. J. Cote, and R. N. Wright. Unusually High Fracture Toughness of ASTM A723 Steel from a Mixed Martensite/Bainite Microstructure. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada230315.

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