Relevant bibliographies by topics / Bainitic steel – Mechanical properties

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Academic literature on the topic 'Bainitic steel – Mechanical properties'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Bainitic steel – Mechanical properties"

1

Ansari, M. H. Sheikh, and M. Aghaie-Khafri. "Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultra High Strength Bainitic Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.77.

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In this study, medium carbon low alloy steel was used to obtain bainitic structures. The lower bainite and tempered martensite-lower bainite structures were achieved by isothermal austempering and up quenching treatment, respectively. Based on the results obtained these structures showed a very good combination of strength and toughness. Furthermore, it has been shown that austenitization time and temperature, as well as austempering time and temperature play a major role in achieving ultra-high strength bainitic steels.
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Wang, Ke Lu, Xin Li, and Xian Juan Dong. "Effect of Tempering Temperature on Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of 800MPa Microalloy Low Carbon Bainitic Steel." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.406.

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The effect of tempering temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of a microalloy low carbon bainitic steel was investigated by microscopic analysis and testing of mechanical properties. The results show that the microstructures of the tested steel primarily consists of lath bainite, granular bainite, quasipolygonal ferrite and little acicular ferrite at different tempering temperatures. With the tempering temperature increasing, the proportion of lath bainitie decreases, while the volume of granular bainite and quasipolygonal ferrite increases. At the tempering temperatures of 550-650°C and tempering time of 1 hour, the steel was mostly composed of granular bainite, quasipolygonal ferrite and a little lath bainite, which a good combination of strength and toughness can be obtained.
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Guo, Hui, Xianying Feng, Aimin Zhao, Qiang Li, and Jun Ma. "Influence of Prior Martensite on Bainite Transformation, Microstructures, and Mechanical Properties in Ultra-Fine Bainitic Steel." Materials 12, no. 3 (February 12, 2019): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030527.

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A multiphase microstructure comprising of different volume fractions of prior martensite and ultra-fine bainite (bainitic ferrite and retained austenite) was obtained by quenching to certain temperatures, followed by isothermal bainitic transformation. The effect of the prior martensite transformation on the bainitic transformation behavior, microstructures, and mechanical properties were discussed. The results showed that the prior martensite accelerated the subsequent low-temperature bainite transformation, and the incubation period and completion time of the bainite reaction were significantly shortened. This phenomenon was attributed to the enhanced nucleation ratio caused by the introduced strain in austenite, due to the formation of prior martensite and a carbon partitioning between the prior martensite and retained austenite. Moreover, the prior martensite could influence the crystal growth direction of bainite ferrite, refine bainitic ferrite plates, and reduce the dimension of blocky retained austenite, all of which were responsible for improving the mechanical properties of the ultra-fine bainitic steel. When the content of the prior martensite reached 15%, the investigated steels had the best performance, which were 1800 MPa and 21% for the tensile strength and elongation, respectively. Unfortunately, the increased content of the prior martensite could lead to a worsening of the impact toughness.
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Yang, Xiao Long, Yun Bo Xu, Xiao Dong Tan, Yong Mei Yu, and Di Wu. "Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of High Strength Low Carbon Bainitic Steel." Materials Science Forum 817 (April 2015): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.817.257.

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Based on TMCP and UFC technology, the microstructures and mechanical properties of 0.05% C bainitic steel were studied in this paper. The bainite morphology and precipitation within bainite lath were observed by SEM and TEM, and the mechanical properties of bainitic steel were measured by tensile and impact test. The results showed that the yield and tensile strengths of steel were 713 MPa and 891 MPa respectively, and the elongation was 15.8% with impact energy of 95J at the temperature of-20°C as the final cooling temperature in hot rolling of 550°C. For comparison, the steel obtained the yield strength of 725 MPa, tensile strength of 930 MPa and elongation of 18% as the final cooling temperature of 450°C. However, the impact energy of steel was 195J at the temperature of-20°C. While at the same final cooling temperature of 450°C, the fast cooling-holding temperature-fast cooling was applied to experimental steel with a faster cooling rate of 50°C/s, hence the steel acquired the yield strength of 845 MPa, tensile strength of 1037 MPa, and elongation of 15.5% with impact energy of 168J at the temperature of-20°C. The strength and toughness of 0.05%C bainitic steel is related to the bainite morphology and precipitation distribution. Hence, the strength and toughness can be improved by control the different cooling processes for adjusting the content of lath bainite, distribution of granular bainite and precipitation.
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Tressia, Gustavo, Luis H. D. Alves, Amilton Sinatora, Helio Goldenstein, and Mohammad Masoumi. "Effect of bainitic transformation on the microstructure and wear resistance of pearlitic rail steel." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 72, no. 9 (October 20, 2020): 1095–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-07-2019-0282.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a lower bainite structure consists of a dispersion of fine carbide inside plates of bainitic ferrite from chemical composition unmodified conventional pearlitic steel under bainitic transformation and to investigate its effect on tensile properties and wear resistance. Design/methodology/approach A commercial hypereutectoid pearlitic rail steel was subjected to three different bainitic transformation treatments followed by tempering to develop a desirable microstructure with a DIL805 BÄHR dilatometer. A comprehensive microstructural study was performed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Finally, the mechanical properties and wear resistance were evaluated by tensile, microhardness, and pin-on-disc tests. Findings The results showed that the best combination of mechanical properties and sliding wear resistance was obtained in the sample subjected to bainitic transformation at 300°C for 600 s followed by tempering at 400°C for 300 s. This sample, which contained a bainitic ferrite structure, exhibited approximately 20% higher hardness and approximately 53% less mass loss than the as-received pearlitic sample due to the mechanically induced transformation in the contact surface. Originality/value Although pearlitic steel is widely used in the construction of railways, recent studies have revealed that bainitic transformation at the same rail steels exhibited higher wear resistance and fatigue strengths than conventional pearlitic rail at the same hardness values. Such a bainitic microstructure can improve the mechanical properties and wear resistance, which is a great interest in the railway industry. Peer review The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2019-0282/
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Liu, Zhi Xue, and Ju Qiang Cheng. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of New Type Bainitic Carburized Steel for Gear." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.300.

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This paper presents the microstructure, mechanical properties and carburized behavior of new type bainitic carburized steel. The results show that after new carburized steel is normalized at 920°C and tempered at 300°C, its microstructure consists of bainitic ferrite and residual austenite, and belongs to the carbide-free bainite or atypical bainite. Large or small cross-section size new carburized steel bar all have reached the performance requirements of Cr-Ni carbonized steel. The microstructure of new carburized steel surface consists of high carbon martensite and residual austenite after carburized and air-cooled, It retains austenite fraction of the new carburized steel and 18Cr2Ni4WA steel are about 18% and 38%, respectively. Carbon concentration gradient of new carburized steel changes smoothly and have ideal carbon concentration distribution. Effective carburizing surface depth of new carburized steel is about 0.6mm and is smaller than 18Cr2Ni4WA steel. The gear entities made of new carburized steel meet the technical requirements of heavy duty carburized gear.
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Zhang, Zhan Ling, Ke Ke Zhang, Yun Yue, Ning Ma, and Zhi Wei Xu. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Austempered Ultrahigh Carbon Steel 1.4%C." Materials Science Forum 682 (March 2011): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.682.97.

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An ultrahigh carbon steel alloy containing 1.4 wt pct carbon (UHCS-1.4C) was studied. The steel was processed into ultrafine grain and fully spheroidized microstructure through a controlled rolling and controlled-cooling divorced eutectoid transformation, and was then given austempering treatment to form bainite. The mechanical properties of the heat-treated steel were evaluated by tension tests at room temperature. After austenitized at 850 °C and then austempered at 300 - 350 °C, the microstructure was ultrafine upper bainite, retained austenite, and unsolvable cementite. It was shown that the ultimate tensile strengths of UHCS-1.4C ranged from 1420 to 1830 MPa, elongations to failure from 6 to 14%; the ultimate tensile strength increases with decreasing austempering temperature, while the tensile ductility decreases. The fracture surface of bainitic UHCS-1.4C consists mainly of dimples and voids, which reveal a ductile fracture. The present results indicate that ultrahigh carbon steel can be easily processed to achieve bainitic microstructures and unique properties.
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Santacruz-Londoño, Andrés Felipe, Oscar Rios-Diez, José A. Jiménez, Carlos Garcia-Mateo, and Ricardo Aristizábal-Sierra. "Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of a Nanostructured Bainitic Cast Steel." Metals 10, no. 5 (May 8, 2020): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050612.

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Nanoscale bainite is a remarkable microstructure that exhibits a very promising combination of high strength with good ductility and toughness. The development of these types of microstructures has been focused on wrought materials, and very little information is available for steel castings. In this work, a specially designed cast steel with 0.76 wt % C was fabricated, and the heat treatment cycles to develop bainitic nanostructures were determined by studying the kinetics of the bainitic transformation using high-resolution dilatometry. The effects of isothermal holding temperature and time on the final microstructure and mechanical properties were thoroughly characterized in order to evaluate a future industrial implementation of the process in an effort to contribute to enhance and widen the potential applications for cast steels.
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Feng, Chun, Bing Zhe Bai, and Yan Kang Zheng. "Effect of 0.06%Nb on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mn-Series Low Carbon Air-Cooling Bainitic Steels." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1191.

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The effect of 0.06%Nb on the microstructure and mechanical properties of grain boundary allotriomorphic ferrite (FGBA) / granular bainite (Bg) air-cooling bainitic steels has been investigated in this paper. The results indicate that the steel acquires superior mechanical properties by adding 0.06%Nb. Compared with Non-Nb steel, the addition of 0.06%Nb increases the tensile strength and yield strength about 37.1% (From 780MPa to 1070MPa)and 26.6%(From 557MPa to 705MPa) respectively, remaining 18.3% elongation and 97J toughness. The addition of 0.06%Nb not only promotes the nucleation of intragranular ferrite but also refines the allotriomorphic ferrite grain , both of which in turn contribute to the refinement of granular bainite cluster including its ferrite platelets and M-A islands. Under the synthetic roles of the microstructure refinement and precipitation strengthening, 148MPa yield strength improvement has been acquired in the low carbon air-cooling bainitic steel by the adding of 0.06%Nb.
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Zhu, Jiaqi, Zhunli Tan, Yu Tian, Bo Gao, Min Zhang, Junxiang Wang, and Yuqing Weng. "Effect of Tempering Temperature on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Bainitic Railway Wheel Steel with Thermal Damage Resistance by Alloy Design." Metals 10, no. 9 (September 10, 2020): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10091221.

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Thermal damage is one of the principle modes of wagon railway wheels. A new bainitic railway wheel steel with high thermal damage resistance and good combination of strength, plasticity, and toughness was developed. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the new steels in a tempered condition at different temperatures were examined. Microstructures were observed using scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile, hardness, and Charpy impact tests with a simultaneous comparison to pearlitic railway wheel steel. The characteristic of retain austenite and V(C,N) were measured through X-ray diffractometry and energy disperse spectroscopy. The results indicate that this new bainitic wheel steel presents a submicron-sized carbide-free bainite morphology and preferable integrated mechanical properties when tempered at 280–360 °C. Precipitation strengthening plays an important role for the high strength, since a two-time-strengthening mechanism of the yield strength led by precipitation has been found at 280–360 and 480–560 °C, respectively. Compared with a pearlitic railway wheel steel, bainitic wheel steel tempered at 320 °C has a 10% higher yield strength, five times higher impact toughness, and much better thermal damage resistance, which is a promising railway wheel material for higher speed or heavier axle-load service conditions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bainitic steel – Mechanical properties"

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Lu, Yu 1977. "Effect of boron on microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon microalloyed steels." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112575.

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Low carbon bainitic steels microalloyed with Nb, Ti and V are widely used for the pipeline, construction and automobile industries because of their excellent combination of strength, toughness and weldability. Boron as another major alloying element has been also frequently used in this type of steels since the 1970s. The purpose of adding boron is to improve the hardenability of the steel by promoting bainite formation.
It has been realized that Boron can only be effective as a strengthening element when it is prevented from forming BN and/or Fe23(C, B) 6 precipitates. Therefore, Boron is always added together with other alloying elements which are stronger Nitride or Carbide formers, such as Ti and Nb. However, the formation of complex bainitic structures and the interaction with precipitates at industrial coiling temperature are not adequately understood.
In this study, the effect of boron on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a low carbon Nb-B steel was studied by a hot compression test (50% reduction at 850°C) followed by quenching samples into a salt bath. The microstructures of the tested samples were examined through optical microscopy and SEM; and the mechanical properties of these samples were investigated by micro-hardness and shear punch tests.
The results indicate that during thermo-mechanical controlled rolling (TCR), the final properties of the products not only depend on the applied deformation but also depend on the coiling temperature where phase transformation takes place. According to the investigation, two strengthening mechanisms are responsible for the strength of the steel at the coiling temperature: phase transformation and precipitation. Under optical microscopy, the microstructures of all specimens appear to be bainite in a temperature range from 350°C to 600°C without distinct differences. However, the SEM micrographs revealed that the microstructures at 550°C are very different from the microstructures transformed at the other holding temperatures.
Two strength peaks were observed at 350°C and 550°C in the temperature range studied. It is believed that the NbC precipitates are the main contributor to the peak strength observed at 550°C because the kinetics of NbC is quite rapid at this temperature. The strength peak at 350°C is mainly due to the harder bainitic phase, which formed at relatively lower temperature.
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Reck, Victor. "Mechanical and microstructural properties of ultra-low carbon bainitic steel weld metal." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA302955.

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Sierra, Robinson. "Investigation of the mechanical behaviour of TRIP steels using FEM." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99793.

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The need to develop light-weight and high strength materials for car frames which improve fuel efficiency and provide increased passenger safety during dynamic events such as automobile crashes has been the focus of the steel and automobile industries for the past 30 years. In recent years, the development of high strength steels such as multi-phase TRIP (Transformation-Induced Plasticity)-aided steels have shown great promise due to their excellent combination of high strength and ductility. The savings in automobile weight is provided by the inherent strength of TRIP steels which allows for the use of thinner sections. The TRIP effect is characterized by the phenomenon known as strain-induced martensitic transformation (SIMT) which enhances the work hardenability of such steels as the austenite phase transforms to the much harder martensite phase during plastic straining. This results in a resistance to local necking which subsequently enhances the strength, ductility, and formability of such steels. However, various factors exist which affect the mechanical behaviour of TRIP steels. This study will aim, through the use of finite element models, to investigate the role and influence of each of these factors on the TRIP effect in type 304 austenitic and multi-phase TRIP steels. These factors include the rate at which the martensitic transformation proceeds, the state of stress to which the material is subjected to, the interaction between the surrounding matrix and embedded retained austenite islands in multi-phase TRIP steels, and the volume fraction and morphology of the retained austenite islands. Investigation of these factors will provide further insight on each of their contributions to the TRIP effect in order to exploit the potential benefits offered by these steels.
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Butler, Daniel E. "The quantitative microstructural characterization of multipass TIG ultra low carbon bainitic steel weldments and correlation with mechanical properties." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA275169.

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Debray, Bruno. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of an as-hot rolled carbon manganese ferrite-bainite sheet steel." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69713.

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By means of torsion testing, the microstructures and mechanical properties produced in a 0.14%C-1.18%Mn steel were investigated over a wide range of hot rolling conditions, cooling rates and coiling temperatures. The reheating temperature was varied between 800$ sp circ$C and 1050$ sp circ$C, and strains between 0 and 0.8 were applied. This led to austenite grain sizes ranging from 10 to 150$ mu$m. Two cooling rates, 55$ sp circ$C/s and 90$ sp circ$C/s, were applied and cooling was interrupted at coiling temperatures ranging from 550$ sp circ$C to 300$ sp circ$C.
Optical microscopy and TEM were used to study the microstructures. The mechanical properties were studied by means of tensile testing. A method developed by IRSID for deducing the transformation kinetics from the cooling data was adapted to the present context and used successfully to interpret the observed influence of the process parameters. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Ranieri, Arus. "Efeitos das microestruturas bainíticas e multifásicas nas propriedades mecânicas de um aço AISI 4340 /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97120.

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Resumo: Os principais objetivos deste trabalho foram desenvolver estruturas bainíticas e multifásicas através de diversas rotas de tratamentos térmicos, visando as melhores combinações de propriedades mecânicas, fornecendo subsídios científicos/tecnológicos para as indústrias brasileiras. Em certos componentes de veículos aeroespaciais tem sido usado aço de baixa liga e ultra-alta resistência temperados e revenidos com elevada resistência devida a estrutura martensítica mas com baixa tenacidade. Uma melhoria na tenacidade é conseguida com redução controlada de resistência através do revenimento. O novo conceito, para aços avançados que combinam alta resistência com boa tenacidade, está simbolizado pelas microestruturas bainíticas e multifásicas. Neste projeto foi feito um estudo do efeito das microestruturas nas propriedades mecânicas de um aço AISI 4340. Foram analisadas diversas microestruturas, desde aquelas inteiramente bainíticas até microestruturas multifásicas com teores variados de ferrita, bainita, martensita e austenita retida. Os resultados foram comparados com aqueles obtidos por têmpera por resfriamento continuo e com as diversas rotas de transformação isotérmica. As combinações de propriedades mecânicas estão relacionadas com as frações volumétricas das fases e a bainita melhora significativamente a ductilidade do aço, mantendo a resistência elevada e melhorando a combinação resistência/ductilidade. O aço possui baixo coeficiente de encruamento e é possível conseguir resistências entre 1000 MPa e 1400 MPa com alongamento entre 13% e 25%, combinação esta superior aquelas encontradas para o mesmo aço quando temperado e revenido em óleo.
Abstract: The main goals of this study were to develop bainitic and multiphasic structures through several routes of heat treatment, in order to reach the better combination of mechanical properties, providing scientific/technological subsidies to Brazilian industries. In some of aerospatial vehicles components have been used quenched and tempered ultra-high-strength low-alloy steel where the martensitic structure is responsible for the high-strength and low toughness levels. Toughness improvements can be achieved by strength reduction control during tempering. The new concept for advanced steels, that combine high-strength and good toughness, is correlated with the bainitic and multiphasic microstructures. In this work the effect of microstructures on the mechanical properties of AISI 4340 steel. Has been analysed several microstructures, from those totally bainitic until multiphasics microstructures with various ferrite, bainite, martensite and retained austenite content. The results were compared with those obtained by quenching through continuous cooling transformation and several routes of isothermal transformation. The combinations of mechanical properties are related with volume fraction of present phases and the bainite improved significantly the toughness steel., keeping the high strength and improving the strength/toughness combination. This steel has low coefficient of hardness and is possible to achieve strengths between 1000 MPa e 1400 MPa with percentual elongation between 13% e 25%, this combination is better than that found to the same steel when quenched and tempered in oil.
Orientador: Tomaz Manabu Hashimoto
Coorientador: Antonio Jorge Abdalla
Banca: Marcelo dos Santos Pereira
Banca: Jorge Otubo
Mestre
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Hausmann, Katharina [Verfasser], Ewald [Akademischer Betreuer] Werner, and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Bleck. "TRIP-assisted Thin Sheet Steel with a Bainitic and/or Martensitic Matrix : Effects of Alloying Elements and Heat Treatment on Phase Transformations, Microstructures, and Mechanical Properties / Katharina Hausmann. Gutachter: Wolfgang Bleck ; Ewald Werner. Betreuer: Ewald Werner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107165148X/34.

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Hausmann, Katharina Verfasser], Ewald [Akademischer Betreuer] [Werner, and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Bleck. "TRIP-assisted Thin Sheet Steel with a Bainitic and/or Martensitic Matrix : Effects of Alloying Elements and Heat Treatment on Phase Transformations, Microstructures, and Mechanical Properties / Katharina Hausmann. Gutachter: Wolfgang Bleck ; Ewald Werner. Betreuer: Ewald Werner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:91-diss-20150430-1232002-1-0.

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Wei, Lingyun. "Investigate Correlations of Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and FSW Process Variables in Friction Stir Welded High Strength Low Alloy 65 Steel." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2032.

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The present study focuses on developing a relationship between process variables, mechanical properties and post weld microstructure in Friction Stir Welded HSLA 65 steel. Fully consolidated welds can be produced in HSLA 65 steel by PCBN Convex-Scrolled-Shoulder-Step-Spiral (CS4) tool over a wide range of parameters. Microstructures in the nugget center (NC) are dominated by lath bainite and a few polygonal/allotriomorphic grain boundary ferrites. FSW dependent variables are related to FSW independent variables by non-linear relationship. Heat input is identified to be the best parameter index to correlate with microstructures. With increasing heat input, the volume of bainite is reduced, the shape of bainite is more curved and grain/lath size become coarser. A linear relationship was established between heat input and semi-quantitative post-weld microstructures based on the optical microstructures. Further analysis has been applied on the NC to obtain more fundamental understanding of FSW. The new approach via Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) was developed to acquire quantitative microstructural data including bainite lath/packet and prior austenite grain size (PAG). A linear relationship between heat input and quantitative microstructural features in the NC have been established. Mechanical properties exhibits linear relationship with heat input. These correlations can be utilized to determine FSW weld parameter to get desired mechanical properties welds.
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Ranieri, Arus [UNESP]. "Efeitos das microestruturas bainíticas e multifásicas nas propriedades mecânicas de um aço AISI 4340." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97120.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:34:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ranieri_a_me_guara.pdf: 1386692 bytes, checksum: c47cd01ee98e83332bd255dbd49cadad (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
Os principais objetivos deste trabalho foram desenvolver estruturas bainíticas e multifásicas através de diversas rotas de tratamentos térmicos, visando as melhores combinações de propriedades mecânicas, fornecendo subsídios científicos/tecnológicos para as indústrias brasileiras. Em certos componentes de veículos aeroespaciais tem sido usado aço de baixa liga e ultra-alta resistência temperados e revenidos com elevada resistência devida a estrutura martensítica mas com baixa tenacidade. Uma melhoria na tenacidade é conseguida com redução controlada de resistência através do revenimento. O novo conceito, para aços avançados que combinam alta resistência com boa tenacidade, está simbolizado pelas microestruturas bainíticas e multifásicas. Neste projeto foi feito um estudo do efeito das microestruturas nas propriedades mecânicas de um aço AISI 4340. Foram analisadas diversas microestruturas, desde aquelas inteiramente bainíticas até microestruturas multifásicas com teores variados de ferrita, bainita, martensita e austenita retida. Os resultados foram comparados com aqueles obtidos por têmpera por resfriamento continuo e com as diversas rotas de transformação isotérmica. As combinações de propriedades mecânicas estão relacionadas com as frações volumétricas das fases e a bainita melhora significativamente a ductilidade do aço, mantendo a resistência elevada e melhorando a combinação resistência/ductilidade. O aço possui baixo coeficiente de encruamento e é possível conseguir resistências entre 1000 MPa e 1400 MPa com alongamento entre 13% e 25%, combinação esta superior aquelas encontradas para o mesmo aço quando temperado e revenido em óleo.
The main goals of this study were to develop bainitic and multiphasic structures through several routes of heat treatment, in order to reach the better combination of mechanical properties, providing scientific/technological subsidies to Brazilian industries. In some of aerospatial vehicles components have been used quenched and tempered ultra-high-strength low-alloy steel where the martensitic structure is responsible for the high-strength and low toughness levels. Toughness improvements can be achieved by strength reduction control during tempering. The new concept for advanced steels, that combine high-strength and good toughness, is correlated with the bainitic and multiphasic microstructures. In this work the effect of microstructures on the mechanical properties of AISI 4340 steel. Has been analysed several microstructures, from those totally bainitic until multiphasics microstructures with various ferrite, bainite, martensite and retained austenite content. The results were compared with those obtained by quenching through continuous cooling transformation and several routes of isothermal transformation. The combinations of mechanical properties are related with volume fraction of present phases and the bainite improved significantly the toughness steel., keeping the high strength and improving the strength/toughness combination. This steel has low coefficient of hardness and is possible to achieve strengths between 1000 MPa e 1400 MPa with percentual elongation between 13% e 25%, this combination is better than that found to the same steel when quenched and tempered in oil.
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Books on the topic "Bainitic steel – Mechanical properties"

1

Rostásy, F. S. Assessment of mechanical properties of structural materials for cryogenic applications. London: Fédération Internationale de la Précontrainte, 1988.

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Falk, Jörg. Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Belastungsgeschwindigkeit auf das Verformungs- und Bruchverhalten von Stählen unterschiedlicher Festigkeit und Zähigkeit. Düsseldorf: VDI Verlag, 1993.

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Dzugutov, M. I͡A. Plastichnostʹ i deformiruemostʹ vysokolegirovannykh staleĭ i splavov. 3rd ed. Moskva: "Metallurgii͡a", 1990.

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Zielińska-Lipiec, Anna. Analiza stabilności mikrostruktury modyfikowanych stali martenzytycznych 9% Cr w procesie wyżarzania i pełzania. Kraków: Wydawn. AGH, 2000.

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Kuti︠a︡ĭkin, V. G. Metrologicheskie i strukturno-fizicheskie aspekty deformirovanii︠a︡ staleĭ: Monografii︠a︡. Moskva: Akademii︠a︡ standartizat︠s︡ii, metrologii i sertifikat︠s︡ii, 2007.

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McHale, Paul F. Factors influencing the microstructural and mechanical properties of ULCB steel weldments. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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International Conference on the Processing, Microstructure and Properties of IF Steels (2000 Pittsburgh, Pa.). IF steels 2000 proceedings: June 5-7, 2000, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Warrendale, Pa: Iron & Steel Society, 2000.

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Kalwa, Christoph. Zum Einfluss der statischen und dynamischen Reckalterung auf die Festigkeits- und Zähigkeitseigenschaften von Stählen. Aachen: Shaker, 1993.

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Eckel, Martin. Überprüfung bruchmechanischer Versagenskonzepte durch Versuche an thermomechanisch gewaltzten Stählen. Düsseldorf: Stahleisen, 1991.

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Saleh, M. Husin Bin. Retained austenite in dual phase steel and its effect on mechanical properties. Manchester: UMIST, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Bainitic steel – Mechanical properties"

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Kundu, Malay, Shubhabrata Datta, Sven Curtze, V. T. Kuokkala, and Partha Protim Chattopadhyay. "Mechanical Properties of Copper-Added Ultra-fine Bainitic Steel." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 87–94. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7892-7_10.

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Chen, Xi, Fuming Wang, Changrong Li, and Shuai Liu. "Effect of Niobium on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nb–Ti Microalloyed Carbide-Free Bainitic Steels." In TMS 2019 148th Annual Meeting & Exhibition Supplemental Proceedings, 549–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05861-6_52.

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Ramakrishna R, V. S. M., Jai Prakash Gautam, G. Madhusudhan Reddy, and K. Bhanu Sankara Rao. "Recent Advances in Welding of High-Strength Bainitic Steel for Automotive Applications." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 79–85. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7892-7_9.

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Traino, A., A. Baschenko, A. Zavrazhnov, and Vadim Ivoditov. "Steel Sheets Mechanical Properties Improvement." In THERMEC 2006, 4381–85. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.4381.

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Ototani, Tohei. "Mechanical Properties of Calcium Treated Steels." In Calcium Clean Steel, 78–130. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82752-5_6.

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Lee, Hak Cheol, Xiao Dan Wu, Young Min Kim, and Nack J. Kim. "Effect of Second Phase on Mechanical Properties of Bainite-Base Steels." In THERMEC 2006 Supplement, 780–85. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-429-4.780.

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Baharudin, B. A., P. Hussain, M. Mustapha, F. Ayob, A. Ismail, F. Ab Rahman, P. Z. M. Khalid, D. A. Hamid, and M. A. Rojan. "Tensile Properties of Diffusion Bonded Duplex Stainless Steel to Low Carbon Steel." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 333–38. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0002-2_34.

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Gu, Xianglin, Xianyu Jin, and Yong Zhou. "Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Steel Reinforcement." In Basic Principles of Concrete Structures, 21–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48565-1_2.

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Ona, Hiroshi, Shigeki Ichikawa, Toshiharu Anndou, and Akira Nishioka. "HIPPing Effects for Steel′s Mechanical Properties." In Hot Isostatic Pressing— Theory and Applications, 275–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2900-8_42.

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Li, Chun-Qing, and Wei Yang. "Corrosion impact on mechanical properties of steel." In Steel Corrosion and Degradation of its Mechanical Properties, 41–87. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003119791-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Bainitic steel – Mechanical properties"

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Golan´ski, Grzegorz. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of G17CrMoV5 – 10 Cast Steel After Regenerative Heat Treatment." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77710.

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The paper presents results of research on the influence of regenerative heat treatment on microstructure and properties of a cast steel after long term operation at the elevated temperature. The material under investigation was G17CrMoV5 – 10 cast steel taken out (in the form of a section) from an internal frame of steam turbine serviced for about 250 000 hours. Performed research has proved that, through the structure degradation, long-term service contributes to an increase of brittleness and decrease of mechanical properties — higher in the case of yield strength than tensile strength. The heat treatment, however, contributes to an increase of impact energy, regardless of the applied parameters. Is has also been proved that the optimum combination of mechanical properties and impact energy is ensured by the structure of high tempered bainite. Low mechanical properties and impact energy, however, were obtained for the structure which was slowly cooled from the austenitizing temperature, i.e. the ferritic – bainitic – ferritic structure.
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Gaudet, Michael J., and Warren J. Poole. "Tensile and Fracture Properties of X80 Steel Microstructures Relevant to the HAZ." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90485.

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The girth welding of steel pipelines creates a substantial heat affected zone (HAZ) within the base pipeline steel. The HAZ can be considered to be a complex graded microstructure. While there is significant concern as to the fracture and mechanical properties of the HAZ as whole, detailed knowledge about the mechanical properties of the individual microstructures is lacking. For this study, X80 is heat treated in a Gleeble simulator to create samples of bulk microstructures with differing amounts and morphologies of bainite, ferrite and martensite-retained austenite (MA) with a total of 8 microstructures being investigated. The heat treatments were selected specifically to control the level of niobium in solid solution; that is to control whether niobium was fully in solution or contained mainly in niobium carbonitride precipitates. From the heat treated samples a matching tensile and fracture specimens were made. The strongest microstructure proved to be the finest bainitic microstructure, while the lowest strength microstructure was the coarsest bainite sample containing a significant amount of martensite-retained austenite connected along grain boundaries. The fracture behaviour at ambient temperature was studied using the Kahn tear test. The Kahn tear test is a machine notched, thin-sheet, slow strain rate fracture test which has the advantage of being a simple test to conduct. All Kahn tests failed in a ductile manner and it showed that the sample with the coarse bainite, with a connected martensite-retained austenite phase had the lowest unit propagation energy and tear strength while the fine, fully bainitic sample had the highest unit propagation energy and tear strength. Further investigation using SEM measurements of the final fracture surface from the tensile test to determine the tensile toughness. A comparison of the tensile toughness and unit propagation energies showed that there was a complex relationship between the two measurements. However, the samples which had the highest content of MA gave the in lowest unit propagation energy.
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You, Haoxing, Mei Yang, Yishu Zhang, and Richard D. Sisson. "Austempering and Bainitic Transformation Kinetics of AISI 52100." In HT2021. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ht2021p0203.

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Abstract AISI 52100 is a high carbon alloy steel typically used in bearings. One hardening heat treatment method for AISI 52100 is austempering, in which the steel is heated to above austenitizing temperature, cooled to just above martensite starting (Ms) temperature in quench media (typically molten salt), held at that temperature until the transformation to bainite is completed and then cooled further to room temperature. Different austempering temperatures and holding times will develop different bainite percentages in the steel and result in different mechanical properties. In the present work, the bainitic transformation kinetics of AISI 52100 were investigated through experiments and simulation. Molten salt austempering trials of AISI 52100 were conducted at selected austempering temperatures and holding times. The austempered samples were characterized and the bainitic transformation kinetics were analyzed by Avrami equations using measured hardness data. The CHTE quench probe was used to measure the cooling curves in the molten salt from austenitizing temperature to the selected austempering temperatures. The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) was calculated with the measured cooling rates and used to calculate the bainitic transformation kinetics via DANTE software. The experimental results were compared with the calculated results and they had good agreement.
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Reichert, Jennifer M., Matthias Militzer, Warren J. Poole, and Laurie Collins. "A New Approach Using EBSD to Quantitatively Distinguish Complex Transformation Products Along the HAZ in X80 Linepipe Steel." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33668.

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State-of-the-art linepipe steels are microalloyed low-carbon steels that combine high strength and fracture toughness with good weldability. During welding of pipe sections the heat affected zone (HAZ) experiences rapid thermal cycles resulting in a graded microstructure that can be significantly different from that of the base metal. In particular a variety of bainitic microstructures can form in the HAZ. Depending on the type of bainite mechanical properties may be improved or may lead to poor fracture resistance and be detrimental to the overall HAZ performance. Optical microscopy is not sufficient to differentiate bainitic morphologies which vary with the transformation temperature. The investigated X80 linepipe steel also contains retained austenite at room temperature. Based on the retained austenite it is possible to characterize the orientation relationship (OR) between austenite and the transformation products. It is found that bainite shows an orientation relationship near Kurdjumov-Sachs with the prior austenite. Variant selection is related to the driving force for the bainite reaction and hence depends on the transformation temperature. In the current study Electron BackScatter Diffraction (EBSD) mapping is used to characterize transformation products based on their orientation relationship. This approach offers a quantitative way to determine volume fractions of different types of bainite in complex HAZ microstructures which is necessary to establish structure-property relationships of the HAZ.
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Ishikawa, Nobuyuki, Toyohisa Shinmiya, Shigeru Endo, Tsunemi Wada, and Joe Kondo. "Recent Development in High Strength Linepipe for Sour Environment." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37065.

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This paper firstly summarizes the design concepts for controlling crack resistant property and mechanical properties of high strength linepipe steels for sour gas service. Optimum conditions of controlled rolling and accelerated cooling that balances crack resistant property and toughness were investigated. It was demonstrated that higher cooling rate in accelerated cooling process brings tremendous advantages for balancing toughness and strength by fine bainitic microstructure even for heavy wall thick pipes. Production results of high strength sour resistant linepipes were introduced. In order to increase strength grade of sour linepipes, further investigation was made using the steels with different microstructures. It was found that precipitation hardened ferrite-bainite steels have extremely high resistance against HIC even for Grade X80. Mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of this newly developed steel were introduced in this paper.
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NYO, Tun Tun, Antti KAIJALAINEN, Jaakko HANNULA, Mahesh SOMANI, and Jukka KÖMI. "Influence of Chromium content on the mechanical properties and HAZ simulations of Low-Carbon Bainitic Steels." In METAL 2019. TANGER Ltd., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37904/metal.2019.712.

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Liebeherr, M., N. Bernier, D. Le`bre, N. Ilic´, and D. Quidort. "Microstructure–Property Relationship in 22mm Thick X80 Coil Skelp." In 2010 8th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2010-31250.

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The progress in the development of heavy gauge X80 linepipe steel on coil at ArcelorMittal was recently rewarded with a 6000 ton commercial order for the production of 21.6mm wall thickness spiral welded pipe. The further product development is concentrating on the improvement of the impact toughness at low temperatures. Research is currently focussing on the relationship between the mechanical properties and the microstructure of the steels. In the present study, two industrially hot rolled X80 steels with thickness 21.6mm were investigated. The steels had the same chemical composition but were processed with different parameter sets in the hot strip mill. The two resulting low-carbon bainitic microstructures were composed predominantly of quasi-polygonal ferrite and globular bainitic ferrite / bainitic ferrite, respectively. Emphasis of the microstructure and property characterisation was laid on through-thickness gradients of grain size, hardness, texture, impact toughness and tensile properties. Accordingly, the materials were characterised at different positions in the thickness. Grain size and texture were determined by means of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). Sub-size Charpy as well as sub-thickness tensile test specimens were taken at different positions in the cross section. The results show that the link between microstructure and properties is not at all obvious. The influence of mean grain size, grain size distribution and texture is discussed in detail.
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Pourkia, Navid, and Morteza Abedini. "Recent Developments of Oil and Gas Transmission Pipeline Steels: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Sour Gas Resistance." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64153.

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In modern oil and gas transmission pipeline steels technology, a suitable microstructure is an important factor for improvement of strength, toughness and sour gas resistance. Therefore, thermo-mechanically controlled rolling processes have been developed and their microstructures have been changed from ferrite-pearlite to acicular ferrite. Moreover in the recent years extensive attempts have been made to improve pipeline steels properties, which include: i) Ultra fine-grained steels, which are produced by optimized usage of dynamic recrystallization and strain-induced transformation with about 1μm equiaxed ferrite grain size. ii) Ultra low carbon steels with less than 0.025 wt% carbon and significant amount of Mo and Nb microalloying elements. iii) Ultra fine acicular ferrite steels, which are produced by application of more accurate controlled thermo mechanical processes and accelerated cooling. iv) Ultra high strength X100 and X120 grade steels, which are produced by thermo-mechanically controlled processes and heavy accelerated cooling. The former is without special technological changes and mainly consist of low carbon upper bainitic microstructure while the latter needs more technological developments with very little amount of boron and mainly consists of lower bainitic microstructure. This paper gives an overview of these new pipeline steels in viewpoint of microstructure, mechanical properties and sour gas resistance. The studies show that ultra fine acicular ferrite is the best alternative microstructure for nowadays ordinary pipeline steels, but because of numerous advantages of ultra high strength pipelines steels which finally reduce the cost of pipeline projects, the trend of the investigations is focused on further development of these steels. Moreover, acicular ferrite microstructure which is generally accepted by pipeline engineers and it is just in doubt because of its differences with acicular ferrite microstructure of weld metal and numerous offered definitions, is completely described.
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Arai, Yuji, Kunio Kondo, Hiroyuki Hirata, Masahiko Hamada, Nobuyuki Hisamune, Keisuke Hitoshio, and Tsuneo Murase. "Metallurgical Design of Newly Developed Material for Seamless Pipes of X80–X100 Grades." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29183.

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With the increasing development of oil and gas fields in deepwater or ultra-deepwater with deep well depth, the development of high strength seamless pipe has become necessary. This paper describes a metallurgical design of seamless pipe with high strength reaching X80–X100 grade (minimum yield strength, 552 MPa–689 MPa) manufactured by steel containing very low carbon and with a microstructure of uniform bainite. The effect of microstructure of quenched and tempered (QT) steel on strength and toughness is investigated in laboratory. Uniform bainitic structure without coarse martensite-austenite constituent (M-A) is obtained by lowering bainite transformation temperature during quenching process by controlling the alloying elements. Moreover the structure is very effective in obtaining good toughness for tempered steel even with the high strength X100 grade. Sufficiently low hardness and good toughness in heat affected zone (HAZ) are confirmed by welding tests. The trial production of developed steel is conducted by applying inline QT process in medium-size seamless mill according to an alloying design obtained in laboratory tests. The seamless pipes of the trial production achieve grades X80 to X100 by changing tempering temperature. Some data of mechanical properties of the produced pipes is introduced.
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Zhang, Xiaoli, Chuanjing Zhuang, Lingkang Ji, Yaorong Feng, Wenzhen Zhao, Chunyong Huo, Xinwei Zhao, and Shaotao Gong. "The Micro Structural Characteristic Parameters of High Grade Pipeline Steel and its Mechanical Properties." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10256.

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The microstructure of high grade pipeline steels, including X65, X70, X80, X100, were studied by SEM and EBSD, respectively. It was found that the microstructures of high grade pipeline steels were composed of lower bainite, granular bainite and acicular ferrite. The phases of kinds of pipeline steels were composed of Fe3C, retained austenite and ferrite. And their percentage content, grain size and its distribution were studied respectively also. These micro structural parameters were correlated to the mechanical properties of kinds of pipeline steels. Furthermore, all kinds of angles of grain boundaries were studied, and the relationship between the angles of grain boundaries and mechanical properties was obtained. It was shown that as the improving of the steel grade, the grain boundary including small angle and large angle increased. And only when grain boundary was greater than 15 degree, it was effective to the toughness behavior.
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Reports on the topic "Bainitic steel – Mechanical properties"

1

Luecke, William E., J. David McColskey, Christopher N. McCowan, Stephen W. Banovic, Richard J. Fields, Timothy Foecke, Thomas A. Siewert, and Frank W. Gayle. Mechanical properties of structural steel. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ncstar.1-3d.

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Klueh, R. L., D. J. Alexander, and M. Rieth. Mechanical properties of irradiated 9Cr-2WVTa steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/330624.

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Switzner, Nathan T. Stainless Steel Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Evaluation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1129927.

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Korth, G. E. Mechanical properties of four RSP stainless steel alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/542018.

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Miyasato, S. The mechanical properties of drawn dual phase steel wire. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6902128.

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Vogel, Sven C., and John S. Carpenter. Mechanical Properties of AM Stainless Steel Parts and Repair Welds. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1170630.

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Morris, J. W. The Influence of Grain Size on the Mechanical Properties of Steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/861397.

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Byun, TS, Michael Mcalister, Joseph Simpson, Maxim Gussev, Ben Garrison, Yukinori Yamamoto, Tim Lach, et al. Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of Additively Manufactured 316L Stainless Steel - FY2020. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1649091.

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Antoun, Bonnie R. Temperature effects on the mechanical properties of annealed and HERF 304L stainless steel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919128.

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Smith, John H. Metallographic and mechanical properties evaluation of 430 stainless steel exposed to chimney fires. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.85-3200.

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