Relevant bibliographies by topics / Baka

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Baka'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Baka"

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Lyman, S., RH Aster, GP Visentin, and PJ Newman. "Polymorphism of human platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb associated with the Baka/Bakb alloantigen system." Blood 75, no. 12 (June 15, 1990): 2343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.12.2343.2343.

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Abstract The human Baka/Bakb alloantigen system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of post-transfusion purpura and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Human alloantisera specific for either the Baka or Bakb allele have been shown to react exclusively with the heavy chain of membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIb. To investigate the structure of the Bak epitopes, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify GPIIb cDNA synthesized from platelet RNA samples prepared from individuals of known serologic phenotype. Subsequent DNA sequence analysis of amplified GPIIb cDNAs derived from one Baka homozygous individual and one Bakb homozygous individual revealed a single nucleotide base difference near the 3′ end of the mRNA encoding the GPIIb heavy chain. Short 13 base allele-specific oligonucleotides (ASO) containing the putative phenotype-specific base in the middle were then synthesized, end-labeled with digoxigenin-11-dUTP using terminal transferase, and used as probes in subsequent dot-blot hybridization experiments. Platelet RNA was prepared from a panel made up of four Baka/a, three Bakb/b, and two Baka/b individuals, and the mRNA encoding GPIIb was amplified using PCR and spotted onto nylon membranes. ASO hybridization showed that the nucleotide base difference identified above segregated with Bak phenotype in all nine individuals examined (P = .002). The base pair substitution results in an amino acid polymorphism at residue 843 of the mature heavy chain. The Baka form of GPIIb encodes an isoleucine at this position, whereas the Bakb allele contains a serine. Identification of the polymorphism associated with this clinically important alloantigen system should permit new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for treating and managing patients with alloimmune thrombocytopenic disorders.
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Lyman, S., RH Aster, GP Visentin, and PJ Newman. "Polymorphism of human platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb associated with the Baka/Bakb alloantigen system." Blood 75, no. 12 (June 15, 1990): 2343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v75.12.2343.bloodjournal75122343.

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The human Baka/Bakb alloantigen system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of post-transfusion purpura and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Human alloantisera specific for either the Baka or Bakb allele have been shown to react exclusively with the heavy chain of membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIb. To investigate the structure of the Bak epitopes, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify GPIIb cDNA synthesized from platelet RNA samples prepared from individuals of known serologic phenotype. Subsequent DNA sequence analysis of amplified GPIIb cDNAs derived from one Baka homozygous individual and one Bakb homozygous individual revealed a single nucleotide base difference near the 3′ end of the mRNA encoding the GPIIb heavy chain. Short 13 base allele-specific oligonucleotides (ASO) containing the putative phenotype-specific base in the middle were then synthesized, end-labeled with digoxigenin-11-dUTP using terminal transferase, and used as probes in subsequent dot-blot hybridization experiments. Platelet RNA was prepared from a panel made up of four Baka/a, three Bakb/b, and two Baka/b individuals, and the mRNA encoding GPIIb was amplified using PCR and spotted onto nylon membranes. ASO hybridization showed that the nucleotide base difference identified above segregated with Bak phenotype in all nine individuals examined (P = .002). The base pair substitution results in an amino acid polymorphism at residue 843 of the mature heavy chain. The Baka form of GPIIb encodes an isoleucine at this position, whereas the Bakb allele contains a serine. Identification of the polymorphism associated with this clinically important alloantigen system should permit new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches for treating and managing patients with alloimmune thrombocytopenic disorders.
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Devin, Luis. "Baka water drums." Before Farming 2012, no. 1 (January 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/bfarm.2012.1.2.

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Kickler, TS, JH Herman, K. Furihata, TJ Kunicki, and RH Aster. "Identification of Bakb, a new platelet-specific antigen associated with posttransfusion purpura." Blood 71, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v71.4.894.894.

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Abstract Baka is a platelet alloantigen whose putative allele, Bakb, has not been identified previously. By using a serum, “Har,” obtained from a patient with posttransfusion purpura, we describe the platelet alloantigen Bakb. The Har serum reacted with an NP-40-extractable platelet membrane protein of 142 kd with mobility similar to platelet glycoprotein IIb alpha. We found that the antigen recognized by the Har serum is inherited in an autosomal dominant mode with an apparent gene frequency of .39. Chi-square analysis of observed and expected phenotype frequencies indicated that serum Har recognizes Bakb, the anticipated allele of Baka. Our findings provide new evidence for polymorphism of glycoprotein IIb and for the association of posttransfusion purpura with alloimmunization to determinants on this glycoprotein.
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Kickler, TS, JH Herman, K. Furihata, TJ Kunicki, and RH Aster. "Identification of Bakb, a new platelet-specific antigen associated with posttransfusion purpura." Blood 71, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v71.4.894.bloodjournal714894.

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Baka is a platelet alloantigen whose putative allele, Bakb, has not been identified previously. By using a serum, “Har,” obtained from a patient with posttransfusion purpura, we describe the platelet alloantigen Bakb. The Har serum reacted with an NP-40-extractable platelet membrane protein of 142 kd with mobility similar to platelet glycoprotein IIb alpha. We found that the antigen recognized by the Har serum is inherited in an autosomal dominant mode with an apparent gene frequency of .39. Chi-square analysis of observed and expected phenotype frequencies indicated that serum Har recognizes Bakb, the anticipated allele of Baka. Our findings provide new evidence for polymorphism of glycoprotein IIb and for the association of posttransfusion purpura with alloimmunization to determinants on this glycoprotein.
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Szczukowski, Ireneusz. "„Należy od nowa przywitać się ze śmiercią”. Baka Eugeniusza Tkaczyszyna‑ Dyckiego." Studia Slavica XXV, no. 2 (February 2022): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/studiaslavica.2021.25.0017.

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This article focuses mainly on three texts by the polish poetry Eugeniusz Tkaczyszyn‑Dycki that refer to baroque poet Józef Baka: Baka uwodzi Stefanię Dycką (Baka Seduces Stefania Dycka) Baka winny istnieniu Stefanii Dyckiej (Baka Guilty of Stefania Dycka’s Existence) Stefania Dycka poruszona widokiem Baki (Stefania Dycka Moved by Seeing Baka). We should remember that Dycki’s speech is centered around loss, so it is an attempt to invent a language that could bear the heterogeneity of death. To avoid slipping into silence, the author updates the old Polish tradition of funeral poetry, particularly the “black carnival” of late‑Baroque writer Józef Baka, which provides a specific ma‑ trix of meaning, of the way to communicate with oneself and with the reader. The subject of the analysis are therefore references to the threads of Baka’s poetry, which have been transformed in Dycki’s poetic discourse.
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Townsend, Cathryn. "Baka ritual flow diverted." Hunter Gatherer Research 1, no. 2 (June 2015): 197–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/hgr.2015.11.

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Chalaye, Sylvie. "Ida de Baka Roklo." Africultures 73, no. 2 (2008): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/afcul.073.0184.

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Rosani, Tania, and RHD Nugrahaningsih. "ANALISIS MAKNA SIMBOL PADA TARI GENDANG BAKA DI DESA LINGGA KECAMATAN SIMPANG EMPAT KABUPATEN KARO." Gesture : Jurnal Seni Tari 8, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/senitari.v8i1.13254.

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ABSTRACT This study is intended to describe the analysis symbolic meaning of motion, property, floor pattem, accompaniment, and costume contained on gendang baka dancing in Desa Lingga Kecamatan Simpang Empat Kabupaten Karo. The theory that is used in this study is Sumandiyono Hadi’s theory (2005:23) contains the meaning of the symbol and Ibrahim (2018:103) contain the meaning analysis. The method of this study is descriptive kualitatif. The population of the study are traditional leaders, dancing, musician, and artist. The sampel of this study are artist, and dancing. The instrument of collecting data are observation, interview, literature study, and documentation. The result of this study show symbolic meaning of the gendang baka that contains four types. The four types of motion lead to the nature or character of the Karo’s community and other communition to the each other, consider things befoure acting, prioritize unity to achieve common goals. Symbolic meaning property and gendang baka dancing is a power that cannot be shaken, to start life wich relief and confort and more closer to God. The symbolic meaning floor pattern of gendang baka dancing keep holding fast togetherness in doing act. Togetherness and compactness create solid unity. Symbolic meaning of musical accompaniment of gendang baka is to intive Karo’s society to see and preserve gendang baka dancing and influence the audience to feel the beauty of gendang baka. symbolic meaning of costume in gendang baka dancing are as chastely, kindness and protection, because the fabric is used white and black who is belive to be able to dispel everthing that is not good. Keyword : Symbolic Meaning, Tari Gendang Baka. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan analisis makna simbol dari gerak, properti, pola lantai, iringan musik, dan pakaian yang terdapat pada tari gendang baka di Desa Lingga Kecamatan Simpang Empat Kabupaten Karo. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori Sumandiyono Hadi (2005:23) tentang makna simbol dan Ibrahim (2018:103) tentang pengertian analisis. Metode dari penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah tokoh adat, penari, pemusik, seniman. Sedangkan yang menjadi sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seniman, dan penari. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara, studi kepustakaan, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa makna simbol gerak tari gendang baka terdiri dari empat ragam, keempat ragam gerak ini mengarahkan bagaimana seharusnya sifat atau karakter masyarakat Karo dan masyarakat lainnya untuk saling tolong menolong, mempertimbangkan segala sesuatu hal sebelum bertindak, mengutamakan kesatuan untuk mencapai tujuan bersama, dan tetap berserah memohon kepada Tuhan agar apa yang kita inginkan dapat tercapai. Makna simbol properti dan sesaji tari gendang baka adalah adanya kekuatan yang tidak dapat tergoyahkan, mengawali kehidupan dengan kelegaan dan kenyamanan dapat membuat kehidupan lebih tenang, dan tetap mendekatkan diri kepada Tuhan. Makna simbol pola lantai tari gendang baka adalah tetap memegang teguh kebersamaan dan kekompakan dalam melalukan apapun. Kebersamaan dan kekompakan tersebut menciptakan kesatuan yang kokoh, teguh, dan tidak dapat tergoyahkan. Makna simbol iringan musik tari gendang baka adalah mengajak masyarakat Karo untuk melihat dan melestarikan kesenian tari gendang baka, dan mempengaruhi penikmat pertunjukan agar dapat merasakan keindahan tari gendang baka. Makna simbol dari pakaian pada tari gendang baka adalah kesucian, kebaikan, dan perlindungan, dikarenakan kain yang digunakan berwarna putih dan hitam yang dipercaya dapat menghalau segala yang tidak baik. Kata Kunci : Makna Simbol, Tari Gendang Baka.
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Arniati, Ida Ayu Komang. "NILAI ETIKA DALAM CERITA PEDANDA BAKA." Dharmasmrti: Jurnal Ilmu Agama dan Kebudayaan 18, no. 2 (October 22, 2018): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/ds.v9i2.148.

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Artikel ini membahas tentang “Nilai Etika dalam Cerita Pedanda Baka Karya Pedanda Nyoman Pidadha dan Ketut Pidadha”. Cerita Pedanda Baka menggambarkan kehidupan sehari-hari khususnya cara orang mempertahankan hidupnya dengan cara kurang baik yakni dengan cara menyalahgunakankepandaiannya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya yakni dengan jalan menipu. Adanya penelitian tentang cerita atau satua “Pedanda Baka” dalam penyampaiannya lebih mudah dipahami serta menjadi inventarisasi dari cerita-cerita yang berkembang dalam masyarakat Bali. Sangat disayangkan bila sebuah karya sastra yang sarat akan makna dan dapat menjadi petuah hidup hilang dari perhatian masyarakat begitu saja. Di samping itu pengenalan nilai etika Agama Hindu melalui mesatua (bercerita) dari orang dewasa kepada orang yang belum dewasa lebih efektif, efisien dan mudah dihayati oleh masyarakat. Demikian juga di kalangan anak-anak sangat diperlukan agar orang tuanya bercerita, sehingga nilai etika dalam cerita Pedanda Baka dapat dijadikan rujukan atau tranformasi melalui sikap dan prilaku kehidupan sehari-hari.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Baka"

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Léonard, Yves. "The Baka, a people between two worlds." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ26821.pdf.

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Joiris, Véronique. "La chasse, la chance, le chant: aspects du système rituel des Baka du Cameroun." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211984.

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Nguimatsia, François. "Etude ethnopharmacologique chez les pygmees baka du cameroun." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN1T088.

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Kilian-Hatz, Christa. "Das Baka : Grundzüge einer Grammatik aus der Grammatikalisierungsperspektive /." Köln : Institut für Afrikanistik, Universität zu Köln, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399492012.

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Inaug.-Diss.--Philosophischen Fakultät--Universität zu Köln, 1994. Titre de soutenance : Das Baka, ein morphosyntaktischer Überlick aus der Grammatikalisierungsperspektive angenommen.
Bibliogr. p. 327-334. Index.
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Duda, Romain. "Ethnoecology of hunting in an empty forest. Practices, local perceptions and social change among the Baka (Cameroon)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457587.

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África Central, al igual que otras áreas de bosques tropicales, alberga una alta biodiversidad, así como diversas comunidades indígenas que dependen de estos bosques para su subsistencia. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha, las políticas de conservación en esta región raras veces han logrado conciliar el desarrollo humano y la sostenibilidad de los ecosistemas. Los conservacionistas consideran la caza de subsistencia como el principal obstáculo para la conservación de la fauna silvestre. Sin embargo, para las comunidades locales, la caza es importante para aspectos relacionados con su identidad cultural, su dieta, su economía, y sus prácticas sociales y simbólicas. En este contexto, esta tesis examina las tensiones entre la caza de subsistencia y la defaunación. Más allá de las preocupaciones occidentales sobre la sostenibilidad de los ecosistemas y del valor intrínseco de las especies animales, la defaunación genera preocupaciones relacionadas con la seguridad alimentaria, la salud pública (epizoótica), los derechos indígenas, e incluso la seguridad nacional (en relación al tráfico de marfil). Pese a estas tensiones, no son muchos los estudios que abarcan las dimensiones sociales y humanas de la crisis de la defaunación. Esta tesis explora aspectos socio-culturales de la caza y de la crisis de la fauna silvestre en dos pueblos Baka en el sureste de Camerún. Los Baka viven en un contexto polarizado entre, por un lado, medidas de conservación, y por el otro, incentivos económicos del mercado de la carne de animales silvestres. La tesis ofrece una visión general de cómo la sociedad Baka responde ante un contexto de cambios rápidos y en el que hay un gran interés por la fauna silvestre. Para ello, se analiza la manera en que los Baka cazan, consumen y comercializan carne de animales silvestres, pero también cómo interpretan los cambios ambientales y sus efectos sobre la estructura social y el bienestar. Usando una perspectiva etnoecológica, esta tesis combina datos recolectados con métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos de 269 informantes recogidos durante 14 meses de trabajo de campo Para los Baka, adquirir y compartir carne silvestre sigue siendo un objeto social y simbólico de crucial importancia. La caza no es practicada de la misma forma por todos los Baka: mientras que la mayoría de las personas ejercen una baja presión de caza sobre la fauna local, otros parecen haberse especializado en esta actividad debido a los incentivos económicos y la falta de regulación sobre las armas de fuego en el área. Las variaciones individuales en las prácticas de caza se relacionan con variaciones en los conocimientos y prácticas de caza, que a su vez se reflejan en un estatus social diferente. Los patrones tradicionales en la atribución de estatus social se ven alterados por las percepciones locales y la disminución del intercambio y la distribución de carne de caza en la sociedad Baka. Las percepciones negativas de los Baka sobre los cambios en la fauna salvaje y las medidas de conservación expresan sus sentimientos de marginalización y miedo debido al uso de la fuerza y los abusos de los agentes encargados de la conservación. Esta tesis es la primera en hacer un análisis profundo de la caza en el contexto actual de las poblaciones Baka, resaltando las variaciones intraculturales de los aspectos sociales relacionados con la caza, tales como la dieta, el estatus social, los ingresos y las percepciones sociales. A un nivel más amplio, esta tesis sugiere que las políticas actuales necesitan de un entendimiento crítico y completo de las cosmovisiones, y las reacciones a los cambios de las poblaciones locales, así como de las consecuencias de la defaunación y las medidas de conservación en el marco so
As other tropical forest areas, Central Africa shelters both a high biodiversity and many local communities who depend on it for their subsistence. However, conservation policies enforced in such contexts rarely succeed to conceal human development and ecosystem sustainability. Conservationists consider subsistence hunting as a major hurdle to wildlife conservation, but for local populations hunting is deeply embedded in cultural identity, diet, economy, and social and symbolic practices. In this context, this thesis examines the tensions between subsistence hunting and defaunation. Defaunation of Central African forests is driven by a multiplicity of factors including the complex entanglement of wildlife in a wide range of apparently incompatible values and priorities. Beyond Western concerns regarding ecosystems sustainability and the intrinsic value of animal species, defaunation also generates concerns related to food security, public health (epizootics), indigenous rights, and even national security (in relation to ivory trafficking). Despite these tensions, the understanding of the human and social dimensions of the “bushmeat crisis” remains underexplored. This thesis explores the socio-cultural aspects of hunting and wildlife crisis through data collected during 14 months of fieldwork in two Baka villages of southeaster Cameroon. The Baka live in a context polarized by conservation measures on one side and economic incentives for bushmeat trade on the other. This thesis provides a broad view of how the Baka society reacts to a fast changing context where fauna has become a major stake. To do so, I analyse the way Baka hunt, consume, and commercialize wild meat, but also how they interpret environmental changes and their potential impacts on social structure and wellbeing. Through the different chapters of the thesis, I using an ethnoecological approach and combine data collected through qualitative and quantitative methods. Specifically, I used systematic surveys to collect data on informants’ (n=269) socio-economic characteristics, hunting outputs, hunting knowledge, status, and meat consumption. These data are associated with information from semi-structured interviews and from insights generated during long periods of participant observation. For the Baka, the acquisition and sharing of wild meat remains a critical symbolic and social practice, although the context of hunting seems to have changed to what was previously described. Nowadays, the Baka hunt and consume mostly small mammals, notably rodents, in a landscape seemingly depleted due to past over hunting. Hunting is not equally practiced by all the Baka: while most Baka have relatively low hunting outputs, some others –pushed by economic incentives and the unregulated presence of shotguns in the area- seem to be largely involved in bushmeat trade. Variations in hunting practices relate to variations in hunting knowledge and skills, which in turn are reflected on different social status. Previous patterns of status attribution to hunters are, however, being altered arguably because of the decrease in bushmeat sharing, notably by elephant hunting specialists. Finally this thesis shed light upon Baka perceptions on wildlife changes and conservation measures, a process that is mostly negatively perceived by the Baka, who express feelings of marginalisation and fear due to the use of force and abuses from conservation agents. This thesis is the first to provide a deep analysis of hunting in the current context of Baka populations. It highlights intracultural variations on social aspects related to hunting, such as diet, status, income, and social perceptions. At the applied level, this work suggests that current conservation policies critically need a full understanding of local people’s cosmovisions, reactions to changes, and the consequences of both defaunation and imposed conservation measures on their social, economic and cultural frameworks.
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Nguede, Ngono Jean-Pierre. "Résilience des Baka face aux mutations socio-environnementales (Cameroun)." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0707.

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Cette thèse propose une analyse approfondie de la résilience des mutations socio-environnementales au sein de deux communautés autochtones de chasseurs/cueilleurs, les Baka et les Bakola du Cameroun. Ces communautés qui jadis nomades, habitaient la forêt où ils tiraient l’essentiel de leur vie et survie. Aujourd’hui qu’elles ont été déplacées de leurs terroirs ancestraux pour des raisons de création d’aires protégées, de complexes agro-industriels, d’exploitation forestière et d’exécution de grands projets miniers, ces communautés sont plus que jamais en contact permanent avec des « grands noirs » ou bantous qui influencent en grande partie leurs modes de vie (chasse, cueillette et pêche) et conditionnent très souvent leur devenir. Pour faire face à ces mutations, l’Etat du Cameroun et des Organismes nationaux et internationaux à travers de vastes Programmes, accompagnent progressivement les Baka et les Bakola à se reconstruire une nouvelle vie qui intègre les exigences de la « modernité ». Malgré cet accompagnement, ces peuples restent encore sous l’emprise de grands fléaux tels que : l’alcoolisme, les maladies, la malnutrition, la marginalisation, la sous scolarisation, la non reconnaissance de leurs droits, etc. Comment réagissent-ils face aux mutations survenues dans leur vie ? La thèse vise à identifier les différentes mutations, à les décrire et d’en analyser les stratégies mises sur pied par des Baka et des Bakola pour s’y adapter. Certaines mutations peuvent apparaître en surface sans pour autant remettre en cause de manière fondamentale leur attachement à la forêt et à certaines valeurs ancestrales. Toutefois, les différentes pressions exogènes (i. E. Sédentarisation, mondialisation) et endogènes (i. E. Attitude des individus, transmission) qui déterminent le degré d’avancement des différentes mutations ne doivent pas être sous-estimées, en tant qu’elles sont une menace pesant sur leur développement. Le concept de résilience s'avère opératoire pour évaluer l'adéquation des politiques d'accompagnement des minorités par les acteurs de développement et un outil de compréhension de l'adaptabilité de ces sociétés en transition rapide
This thesis proposes a thorough analysis of the resilience of socio-environmental in two communities of hunter / gatherers, Baka and Bakola Cameroon. These communities formerly nomadic lived in the forest where they drew most of their life and survival. Today they have been displaced from their ancestral lands for the sake of creating protected areas, agro-industrial, forestry and execution of major mining projects, these communities are more than ever in touch Standing with "big black" or Bantu largely influence their lifestyle (hunting, gathering and fishing) and often determine their future. To cope with these changes, the government of Cameroon and national and international organizations through extensive programs accompany gradually Baka and Bakola to rebuild a new life that incorporates the requirements of "modernity. " Despite this support, these people are still under the influence of scourges such as alcoholism, disease, malnutrition, marginalization, in schooling, non-recognition of their rights, etc. . How do they cope with the changes occurring in their lives? The thesis aims to identify the different mutations, to describe and analyze the strategies established by the Baka and Bakola to adapt. Some mutations may appear on the surface without question a fundamental attachment to the forest and some ancestral values. However, different exogenous pressures (such as settlement, globalization) and endogenous (such as attitude of individuals, transmission) which determine the degree of progress of the various mutations should not be underestimated, as they are a threat to development. The concept of relience proves operative to evaluate the adequacy of policies accompanying minorities by the actors of development and a tool to understand the adaptability of these societies in rapid transition
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Robillard, Marine. "Pygmées Baka et voisins dans la tourmente des politiques environnementales en Afrique centrale." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00863420.

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Dans le bassin du Congo, la forêt n'est plus uniquement aujourd'hui le territoire des populations forestières ancestrales. Ceux-ci partagent l'espace forestier avec une multitude d'autres acteurs : exploitants forestiers, sociétés de safari, ONG de conservation de la biodiversité ou de défense des populations autochtones... Si les regards et les représentations sur la forêt sont différents, parfois antagonistes, tous ces acteurs sont amenés à gérer ensemble les ressources et les territoires d'une forêt devenue plurielle sous l'injonction des instances internationales et des nouvelles préoccupations mondiales. Ce travail brosse le portrait d'une zone forestière dans la complexité de ses composantes et de ses changements dynamiques. Il met en évidence comment les nouvelles modalités de gouvernance imposée, en dépit de leur normativité, s'hybrident avec les formes locales de gouvernance et produisent des effets inattendus.
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Manga, Ndjie Bindzi Mballa Henriette. "Les Pygmées du Cameroun et l'école : le cas des Baka de l'Est du Cameroun." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA084227.

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La moindre scolarisation des Pygmées par rapport aux Bantou a un lien avec leur mode de vie nomade. Les Baka sont traditionnellement tributaires de la forêt. Les Baka vivent en campements selon une certaine organisation sociale qui repose sur le respect des croyances ancestrales, des coutumes et des secrets de leur univers, des rites, le Jeingui. La femme y occupe une place importante. De chasseurs-collecteurs, les Pygmées sont devenus des agriculteurs. Les rapports avec les Bantou ne sont pas souvent sereins selon eux, le Bantou c’est l’agresseur ; c’est l’autre avec ses différences. La situation s’améliore. Le genre de vie des Baka a des similitudes avec celui des Tsiganes. Les enfants Baka connaissent des difficultés de scolarisation du fait des fréquents déplacements de leurs parents, de l’ignorance du bien fondé de l’école et de la pauvreté. Les élèves Baka ne sont pas idiots contrairement aux présupposés des Bantou. Un suivi est nécessaire pour les enfants Baka comme cela s‘est produit pour les enfants du voyage en Europe. Le TBS est de 84 % à l’école primaire au Cameroun. L’ONG AAPPEC défend la cause Baka à travers les Centres d’Education de Base. L’Etat et les divers partenaires appuient l’initiative AAPPEC. La déforestation va t-elle soumettre les Pygmées à l’état de modernité ?
The little Pygmies ‘ scolarisation has a union with their life as nomad. Traditionnaly, Pygmies are attached to forest. Pygmies mainly inhabit in campments according to their custums and their cultural identity. Woman has a great influence inside Baka society. Pygmies were hunters-gatherers and they became farmers. Baka and Bantou have bad relationships. The situation in going better. Pygmies and Tsiganes have same way of life. Baka’s children have school problems because of regular parents’ travels, and a lot of Baka ‘s families doesn’t know the school ‘s importance and they are poor. Baka ‘s children are not stupids as Bantou tell about them. Il is necessary to approach Baka ‘s children until as they do in Europa about Tsiganes ‘ children. The rate of scolarisation is 84 % in primary in 2002 in Cameroon. ONG AAPPEC takes care of Baka ‘s benefits by Bases Education’s Centers. The Government and Partenerships help AAPPEC. Will the forest destruction push Pygmies in modern life ?
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Paulin, Pascale. "Les Baka du Gabon dans une dynamique de transformations culturelles- Perspectives linguistiques et anthropologiques." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20077/document.

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Cette thèse propose une analyse approfondie de la dynamique des changements observés au sein d’une communauté de chasseurs-cueilleurs, les Baka du Gabon. Ce groupe se compose de moins de 1000 individus et parle une langue oubanguienne dans un environnement bantuphone. Une comparaison avec les autres langues du même sous-groupe linguistique met en évidence les spécificités du baka et met au jour des affinités entre cette langue et le monzombo. Ces deux groupes ethnolinguistiques semblent avoir entretenu des relations qui s’inscrivent dans une dynamique d’échange de compétences (chasse-cueillette vs pêche-maîtrise du fer). Ce type de complémentarité se retrouve dans les relations entre les Baka et leurs voisins bantu actuels, dont en particulier les Fang, pour ce qui concerne le Gabon.Le mode de vie des Baka demeure, encore aujourd’hui, largement marqué par la mobilité et la forêt. Toutefois, la sédentarisation imposée par voie gouvernementale, la contigüité avec les Fang de même que l’influence croissante de la mondialisation entraînent des transformations par rapport auxquelles les Baka cherchent à se positionner. Ces dernières touchent la langue (système et utilisation) de même que bon nombre de pratiques socioculturelles (habitat, mobilité, alimentation, subsistance, religion, etc.).La thèse s’efforce d’identifier ces transformations, de les décrire et d’en évaluer l’impact en tenant compte de la diversité des situations. Elle comporte, par ailleurs, une réflexion critique des principes de catégorisation fondée sur l’étude de plusieurs domaines lexicaux (faune, flore, maladie). Certains changements peuvent apparaître en surface sans pour autant remettre en cause, de manière fondamentale, leur attachement à la forêt et à certaines valeurs ancestrales. Toutefois, les différentes pressions exogènes (i.a. sédentarisation, mondialisation) et endogènes (i.a. attitude des individus, transmission) qui déterminent alors le degré d’avancement des différentes transformations, ne doivent pas être sous évaluées en tant qu’elles sont une menace pesant sur la langue, la connaissance de la flore et de la faune et certaines pratiques socioculturelles
This thesis proposes a detailed analysis on the dynamic of change observed among the Baka from Gabon, a hunter-gatherer community. This group is composed of less than 1000 individuals speaking an Ubangian language inside a Bantu environment. By comparing their language with others from the same linguistic sub-group, some singularities from Baka and some resemblance with the Monzombo sub-group can be seen. These two ethnolinguistic groups, Baka and Monzombo groups, seem to have kept close contact based on skill exchanges (hunting/gathering and fishing/iron skills). This interaction is witnessed in the exchanges the Baka population preserves with their current Bantu neighbors, especially with Fang in Gabon.Nowadays, the Baka way of life is still characterized by their mobility and the forest. Nevertheless, due to a non-migratory lifestyle imposed by the State, the proximity with the Fang group and the growing globalization, dramatic changes are inflicted to the Baka community. Changes at which they are trying to adapt. These constraints do not affect only their language (system and use) but also many sociocultural habits such as settlement, mobility, food and means of support or religion.The aim of this thesis is to identify these ongoing transformations, to describe and to evaluate their impact bearing in mind the singularity of many contexts. An argumentative reflection on categorization principles is also proposed on lexical domains such as fauna, flora and diseases. Certain changes could arise without necessarily questioning their bonds to the forest and ancestral values. Nonetheless, both exogenous (globalization and a sedentary life) and endogenous pressures (individual behavior and culture transmission) determining the progress of different transformations should not be under evaluated as being a threat to the language, to the knowledge of the flora and fauna and to certain sociocultural practices
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Gallois, Sandrine. "Dynamics of Local Ecological Knowledge A case study among the Baka children from southeastern Cameroon." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/382477.

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Esta tesis de doctorado analiza los procesos de adquisición de conocimiento ecológico local por parte de los niños (entre cinco y dieciséis años) en una sociedad de cazadores-recolectores en un contexto de rápidos cambios socio-ecológicos: los baka de sureste de Camerún. El principal enfoque de la tesis es en el contexto en el cual ocurre la adquisición de los conocimientos y las actuales transformaciones de este contexto,. En sus cinco capítulos empíricos, esta tesis investiga: a) los conocimientos ecológicos locales de los niños baka; b) el contexto en el cual los niños adquieren los conocimientos ecológicos locales (es decir su participación en actividades cotidianas); c) la organización social de los niños durante sus actividades de subsistencia; d) la relación entre las estrategias de vida de los padres y las actividades cotidianas de los niños; y e) las percepciones de adultos y niños de sus actividades cotidianas y su modo de subsistencia. Los resultados de esta tesis muestran que los conocimientos ecológicos de los niños varían según su sexo y su edad, y que los niños poseen conocimientos específicos, diferentes de los conocimientos de los adultos. Mis resultados también muestran que los niños baka se involucran frecuentemente en actividades de subsistencia, lo cual demuestra la importancia de estas actividades para la adquisición de conocimientos ecológicos locales durante la niñez. Según mis resultados, las actividades cotidianas de los niños varían según el sexo desde una edad temprana y cambian con el tiempo, con una creciente participación en actividades introducidas recientemente (como escuchar música moderna o jugar al futbol) a medida que los niños crecen. Además, mis resultados demuestran la existencia de múltiples esquemas de organización social de los niños baka durante sus actividades de subsistencia, sugiriendo la diversidad de procesos de adquisición de conocimientos ecológicos locales durante la niñez. Asimismo, los resultados de este trabajo muestran que las variables seleccionadas para medir el grado de cambio social entre los padres, no están asociadas a diferente participación de los niños en actividades cotidianas, sugiriendo que el impacto de los cambios sociales en los niños se debería evaluar a nivel de la comunidad. Finalmente, los resultados de esta tesis demuestran que las expectativas sobre qué significa ser adulto son diferentes entre niños y adultos,, con los niños favoreciendo actividades cotidianas relativas a un modo de vida sedentario. Esta tesis aporta nuevos elementos a la discusión sobre el impacto de los cambios socio-ecológicos en los conocimientos ecológicos locales al considerar la importancia de la vida cotidiana de los niños y sus percepciones en un contexto de cambio. Al resaltar la especificidad del sistema de conocimientos ecológicos locales de los niños Baka, los resultados de este trabajo enfatizan la importancia de desarrollar herramientas metodológicas adaptadas a la investigación con niños. Esta tesis también resalta la alta autonomía e independencia de los niños baka y como sus comportamientos parecen estar formados más por los modelos culturales de la comunidad en general que por los comportamientos específicos de sus padres. Dado que la niñez es un periodo clave para la adquisición de conocimientos culturales, los resultados de esta tesis ponen en evidencia la necesidad de una investigación de carácter más global, que se enfoque en el impacto potencial de actividades de reciente aparición (escuela, agricultura, televisión) en la adquisición de los conocimientos ecológicos locales. Finalmente, este trabajo resalta la importancia de evaluar los cambios socio-ecológicos no solamente mirando a los diferentes tipos de conocimientos y los diferentes grupos sociales, sino también a un contexto social más amplio y considerando lo que los individuos hacen y cómo perciben su propia realidad.
This PhD thesis analyzes the processes of local ecological knowledge acquisition among children (between 5 and 16 years-old) of a hunter-gatherer society under rapid social-ecological changes: the Baka from southeastern Cameroon. I pay particular attention to the context in which knowledge acquisition occurs and how such context is nowadays being transformed. In its five empirical chapters, this thesis investigates: a) the local ecological knowledge held by Baka children; b) the context in which children acquire local ecological knowledge (i.e., their involvement in daily activities); c) children’s social organization during subsistence activities; d) the relation between parental livelihood strategies and children's daily activities; and e) adult's and children's perceptions of their daily activities and livelihood. The results of this dissertation show that children's local ecological knowledge varies according to child’s sex and the age, and that children’s hold specific knowledge, i.e. different than adult's knowledge. My findings also show that Baka children frequently engage in subsistence activities, underlying the central place of such activities for the acquisition of local ecological knowledge during childhood. I also found that children's engagement in daily activities vary according to the child’s sex from an early age and that the choice of activities changes with age, with increasing involvement in newly introduced activities (i.e., listening to modern music and playing soccer) as children grow up. Moreover, my results also provide evidence of the presence of multiple patterns of social organization among Baka children during their subsistence activities, highlighting a high diversity of pathways for the acquisition of local ecological knowledge during childhood. Additionally, findings from this work illustrate how the livelihood strategies adopted by Baka parents, a proxy for social changes, are not related to children’s involvement in daily activities, suggesting that social changes might be best assessed at the community level. Finally, I also found that individual's expectations towards adult's livelihood differ between generations, with children favoring daily activities related to a sedentarized way of living. This thesis brings new insights to the discussion on the impacts of social-ecological changes on local ecological knowledge by considering the importance of children's daily lives and perceptions in a context of change. By highlighting the specificity of children's local ecological knowledge system, results from this work stress the importance of developing methodological tools adapted to research with children. This thesis also illustrates the high autonomy and independence of Baka children and underlines that the actual behavior of children seem to be shaped by the overall community cultural setting more than by the specific parental behavior. Since childhood is a key period for the acquisition of cultural knowledge, results from thesis call for further research focusing on the potential impacts of new activities (i.e., schooling, agriculture, TV watching) on the acquisition of local ecological knowledge among the Baka. Finally, this work highlights the importance of assessing social-ecological changes not only by examining various knowledge domains and diverse social groups, but also to the broader social context and considering what people do and how they perceive their own reality.
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Books on the topic "Baka"

1

Sylvain, Dominique. Baka! [Paris]: V. Hamy, 1995.

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Sekulić, Momir S. Baka Ruža. Bijelo Polje: Pegaz, 2009.

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Baka sakali. Loyola Heights, Lunsod Quezon: Opisina ng Pananaliksik at Paglilimbag, Pamantasan ng Ateneo de Manila, 1989.

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Kensaku baka. Tōkyō: Asahi Shinbun Shuppan, 2008.

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Fujiwara, Tomomi. Kensaku baka. Tōkyō: Asahi Shinbun Shuppan, 2008.

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Fujiwara, Tomomi. Kensaku baka. Tōkyō: Asahi Shinbun Shuppan, 2008.

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Šarić, Muhidin. Zaljubljena baka. Wuppertal: Bosanska riječ--Bosnisches Wort, 1994.

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Nakamura, Usagi. Rōhi baka ichidai. Tōkyō: Bungei Shunjū, 2003.

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Wakagi, Efu. Baka no taba. Tōkyō: Shūeisha, 1999.

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Yasashikutte sukoshi baka. Tōkyō: Shūeisha, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Baka"

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Koyama, Tadashi. "Cognitive Flexibility and Making Objects in Baka Pygmy Children." In Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 2, 33–37. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54553-8_5.

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Peng, Yujie. "Transmission of Body Decoration Among the Baka Hunter-Gatherers." In Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers, 83–93. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55997-9_7.

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Weig, Doerte. "Proposition One - BAKA EGALITARIANISM and GENERATIVE CONCEPTS OF BODYING." In Kultur und soziale Praxis, 25–64. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839460115-004.

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Sonoda, Koji. "Constructing Social Learning in Interaction Among the Baka Hunter-Gatherers." In Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers, 113–24. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55997-9_9.

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Yamagami, Eiko. "The Demonstration of Resilience in the Drawings of Baka Pygmy Children." In Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 2, 39–48. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-54553-8_6.

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Yamagami, Eiko. "Learning in Collaborative Action: Through the Artworks of Baka Pygmy Children." In Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers, 243–49. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55997-9_21.

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Boudoug, Jean Christian Mey, Helen U. Agu, Pobo Kenfack Serge Ricardo, and Meredith L. Gore. "Perceptions of Indigenous Baka Women's Inclusion in Wildlife Conservation and Exploitation." In Women and Wildlife Trafficking, 106–21. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003121831-10.

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Yongneng, Fu, and Chen Aiguo. "Diversity of upland rice and of wild vegetables in Baka, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan." In Cultivating Biodiversity, 194–99. Rugby, Warwickshire, United Kingdom: Practical Action Publishing, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780441092.018.

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Yasuoka, Hirokazu. "The Wild Yam Question: Evidence from Baka Foraging in the Northwest Congo Basin." In Human Ecology, 143–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5701-6_10.

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Hagino, Izumi, and Taro Yamauchi. "High Motivation and Low Gain: Food Procurement from Rainforest Foraging by Baka Hunter-Gatherer Children." In Social Learning and Innovation in Contemporary Hunter-Gatherers, 135–44. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55997-9_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Baka"

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Kawai, Y., R. R. Montgomery, K. Furihata, and T. J. Kunicki. "EXPRESSION OF PLATELET ALLOANTIGENS ON HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS AND HEL CELLS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642813.

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Analogs of platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa (GPIIb-IIIa) have been shown to be synthesized and expressed by human endothelial cells (HEC), a human erythroleukemia cell line (HEL) and various other cells. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that the platelet alloantigen P1A1, is expressed on HEC GPIIIa. Other alloantigen systems, namely, Pen and Bak, are known to be localized on platelet GPIIIa and GPIIb, respectively. Utilizing additional antibodies from patients with PTP specific for Pena, Baka, and Bakb allo-antigens, and isoantibodies (iso-ab) from a patient with Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia (GT), we have studied cultured HEC and HEL cells for expression of epitopes recognized by these antibodies. HEC and HEL cells were meta-bolically labeled with 35S-methionine and lysed in 0.5% TX-100 in the presence of 5mM EDTA. Soluble antigens were immunoprecipitated with these antibodies coupled to Protein A-Sepharose and subjected to SDS-PAGE and fluorography. Anti-Pena and the GT iso-ab reacted with the GPIIb-IIIa complex from both HEC and HEL lysates, but anti-Baka and anti-Bakb failed to immunoprecipitate GPIIb-IIIa analogs from either HEC or HEL. In an immunoblot assay, the GT iso-ab bound to GPIIIa of both HEC and HEL. Anti-Pena failed to react with SDS-denatured proteins. HEL GPIIIa migrates slightly faster than HEC GPIIIa and slightly slower than platelet GPIIIa. These results indicate that the epitopes of platelet GPIIIa recognized by alloantibodies and isoantibodies are shared by GPIIIa analogs of HEC and HEL. GPIIb-associated alloantigens are not expressed by HEC and HEL GPIIb analogs, an observation that is consistent with the decreased structural homology between GPIIb analogs derived from different cell types.
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Chudi, Obinna, Magnus Kanu, Austin Anaevune, Idris Yamusa, James Iwegbu, Oloniboko Sesan, and Joel Musa. "A Novel Approach for Predicting Sand Stringers: A Case Study of the Baka Field Offshore Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/198766-ms.

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Pereira, J., C. Cretney, and R. H. Aster. "VARIABLE EXPRESSION OF ALLOANTIGENS IN PLATELET COHORTS OF DIFFERENT MEAN DENSITY:AN EFFECT OF AGING IN VIVO." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644158.

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Platelets differ widely in size and density, but the relationship of this heterogeneity to platelet age and function is not established. Published evidence suggests that platelet alloantigens of the HLA and PlA systems may be acquired by or releasedfrom platelets in the circulation. We therefore studied expression of HLA, PlAl, and other markers in platelet cohorts of high density (HD) and low density (LD) separated on a linear, isoosmotic arabinogalactan gradient. HD and LD cohorts contained 11-14% of total platelets and did not differ significantly in mean cell volume. Alloantibodies reactive with antigens P1A1, Baka, and HLA-A2 were used to saturate alloantigen sites. Surface markers were quantified (Human Immunol. 15:251, 1986) with radiolabeled monoclonalprobes specific for HLA A, B, C antigens (W6/32), the Fc fragment of IgG (Hb-43) and the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex (AP-2).As shown in the Table, HD platelets carry significantly more PlAl (located on GPIIIa) and significantly less HLA than LD platelets. However, HD and LD cohorts express the same number of GPIIb/IIIa and Baka (located on GPIIb) molecules. These findings are consistent with preferential loss of HLA molecules from HD- platelets in the circulation or acquisition by LD platelets. The variable expression of P1A1 in HD and LD cohorts is apparently due to a conformational change in GPIIIa, rather than acquisition or loss of the GPIIIa molecule, because total GPIIb/IIIa was thesame in the two platelet populations. Whether antigen differences in HD and LD platelets are determined at the time of platelet production or result from aging of platelets in the circulation is under investigation.
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Zhang, Yonggui, Ying Wu, Xiaojuan Ma, and Mingqiang Chen. "Integrating Static and Dynamics Surveillance Data to Characterize Naturally Fractured Reservoir: A Case study of Baka Oil Field." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/49295-ms.

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Li, Qin, Jing Guo, and Weibing Li. "A Case Study of Dwellings’ Changes in Ba Piao Village and Baka Laozhai Village of the Jinuo Nationality: 1980-2020." In 3rd International Conference on Architecture: Heritage, Traditions and Innovations (AHTI 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211125.181.

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MA, Roikhan, and Dita Amanda. "Quran 3+9x6 And 72 Stupas from Bibakkah as Baka Queen with Constant 12 Worship on Hahslm 472319 Universe in Covid Economic Period." In Proceedings of the 4th International Colloquium on Interdisciplinary Islamic Studies in conjunction with the 1st International Conference on Education, Science, Technology, Indonesian and Islamic Studies, ICIIS and ICESTIIS 2021, 20-21 October 2021, Jambi, Indonesia. EAI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-10-2021.2316333.

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Shi, Lu, Ming Li, Shucheng Yu, and Jiawei Yuan. "BANA." In the fifth ACM conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2185448.2185454.

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mister_ah. "Baja." In ACM SIGGRAPH 99 Electronic art and animation catalog. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/312379.312512.

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Wu, Shaoen, Saâd Biaz, Bing Qi, and Kehao Zhang. "BARA." In the 45th annual southeast regional conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1233341.1233374.

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Roy Chowdhury, Soudip, Carlos Rodríguez, Florian Daniel, and Fabio Casati. "Baya." In the 21st international conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2187980.2188061.

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Reports on the topic "Baka"

1

Postel, J. TCP and IP bake off. RFC Editor, September 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc1025.

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Bobcat Motorsports, Bobcat Motorsports. Transition from Formula to Baja. Experiment, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/1787.

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Martinez-Anido, Carlo Brancucci, Riccardo Bracho, Gregory L. Brinkman, and Brian S. Hodge. Baja California Sur Renewable Integration Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1481847.

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Fernàndez Busquets, Xavier. La bala mágica contra la malaria. Sociedad Española de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (SEBBM), November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18567/sebbmdiv_rpc.2013.11.1.

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Ayers, Andrew S. The Shake and Bake Noncommissioned Officer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada631461.

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Gould, William A., Sebastian Martinuzzi, and Olga M. Ramos Gonzalez. Densidad de desarrollo alta y baja en Puerto Rico. San Juan, PR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/iitf-rmap-11es.

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Hampel-Milagrosa, Aimee, Nariman Mannapbekov, Orkhan Babayev, Orkhan Babayev, and Sabina Jafarova, eds. Azerbaijan's Ecosystem for Technology Startups—Baku, Ganja, and Shamakhi. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tcs220394-2.

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Orhan, Zeyneb Hafsa. Türkiye’de Banka Dışı Finansal Kurumlar ve İslam İktisadı Açısından Değerlendirilmesi. İLKE İlim Kültür Eğitim Vakfı, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26414/ur09.

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Curran, Scott, David Irick, and William Rohr. Performance and Emissions Characteristics of an E85 Retrofitted Baja SAE Vehicle. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2012-32-0023.

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Gallardo Camacho, Jorge, and Ana Jorge Alonso. La baja interacción del espectador de vídeos en Internet: caso Youtube España. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-65-2010-910-421-435.

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