Dissertations / Theses: 'Baked products – Evaluation'

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Farooq, Umar. "Product Reputation Evaluation based on Multiple Web Sources." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2013.

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Internet est une immense source de données non structurées dont l'extraction et l'analyse devient un enjeu majeur. Ces informations peuvent être plus qu'utiles à des consommateurs et des fabricants dans leur processus de prise de décision quant à un produit. Dans ce contexte, l'exploitation de telles information se révèle être une tâche très difficile. De nombreuses méthodes d'évaluation de produits existent à l'heure actuelle, utilisant principalement les notes et les commentaires disponibles sur Internet. Cependant, ces méthodes rencontrent vite des limites et ne sont donc pas en mesure de répondre aux besoins et aux exigences des clients ou des fabricants. Par exemple, les méthodes existantes d'analyse de sentiments, qui classent les opinions des clients sur un produit à l’aide de leur polarité, ne sont pas en mesure de déterminer le contexte du mot dans une phrase avec précision, ce qui biaise fortement leurs résultats. De plus, les méthodes de traitement des négations utilisées, qui déterminent les sentiments exprimées par les clients dans leur commentaires, ne sont pas en mesure de traiter tous les types de négation, ne considèrent pas non plus toutes les exceptions où les négations se comportent différemment. De même, les modèles existants d'estimation de réputation de produits sont basés sur une source unique, et donc peu robuste aux fausses évaluations ou aux évaluations biaisées, ne sont pas en mesure de refléter les opinions récentes. Ils ne permettent pas aux utilisateurs d'évaluer le produit au regard de critères spécifiques, et ainsi ne fournissent pas une estimation précise. D'autre part, les systèmes de réputation évaluant des produits fonctionnent de manière centralisée, entraînant des problèmes de robustesse et des facilités de manipulation, voire de falsification, d'informations, ces approches ne convenant pas à résoudre un problème aussi complexe. Cette thèse propose des modèles et des méthodes d'évaluation de la réputation dédiées aux produits, fonctionnant à partir des données disponibles sur Internet, et visant à fournir des informations précises aux consommateurs et aux fabricants, les appuyant dans leur prise de décision. Ces méthodes concernent i) l'extraction des données d'évaluation des produits à partir de plusieurs sources; ii) une analyse sémantique des évaluations des clients pour déterminer si les opinions exprimées sur chacune des caractéristiques d'un produit sont positives ou négatives; iii) le calcul des différentes valeurs de réputation d'un produit, tout en considérant différents critères d'évaluation, et iv) enfin, le retour des résultats aux consommateurs ou aux fabricants afin de les aider dans leur prise de décisions. Cette thèse contribue à trois principaux domaines de recherche à savoir i) l'analyse des sentiments exprimées quant aux caractéristiques d'un produit, comprenant une méthode de désambiguïsation du sens des mots ainsi qu'une prise en compte plus fine des négations pour améliorer la performance de l'analyse de sentiments selon différents niveaux; ii) les modèles d'évaluation de la réputation d'un produit, basé sur un modèlemathématique calculant plusieurs valeurs de réputation pour une évaluation d'un produit selon différents critères et enfin iii) une architecture multi-agents robuste, facilitant le déploiement et la parallélisation des tâches. Sur Internet, la plupart des opinions sur des produits sont de nature textuelle, comme par exemple les avis des consommateurs. Afin d'analyser de tels commentaires, une méthode d'analyse de sentiments exprimés ciblant spécifiquement les caractéristiques d'un produit a été développée. Une méthode de désambiguïsation identifiant le sens des mots selon leur contexte tout en déterminant leur polarité a enrichi le processus, qui fût complété par une méthode d'analyse fine des négations, déterminant les séquences de mots affectées par chaque type de négation
The extraction of unstructured data from the Web and to analyzing them in order to determine useful information which can be used by customers and manufacturers to make decisions about product is a challengeable task. There are some existing techniques to evaluate products based on the ratings and product reviews posted on the Web. However, all these techniques have some inherent issues and limitations and therefore not able to fulfill the needs and requirements of both customer and manufacturer. For instance, the existing sentiment analysis methods (which classify the opinions in customer reviewsabout a product as positive or negative) are not able to determine the context of word in a sentence accurately. In addition, negation handling methods adopted while determining the sentiment are not able to deal with all types of negations and they also do not consider all exceptions where negations behave differently. Similarly, the existing product reputation models are based on single source, not robust to false and biased ratings, not able to reflect the recent opinions, do not allow users to evaluate product on different criteria, and also do not provide a good estimation accuracy. On the other hand, the existingproduct reputation systems are centralized which has issues such as single point of failure, easy to falsify evaluation information and not suitable approach to solve a complex problem. This thesis proposes methods and techniques for evaluating product reputation based on data available on the Web and to provide valuable information to customers and manufacturers for decision making. These methods perform the following tasks: 1) extract product evaluation data from multiple Web sources 2) analyze product reviews in order to determine that whether opinions about product features in customer reviews are positive or negative, 3) computes different product reputation values while considering different evaluation criteria, and 4) finally the results are provided to customers and manufacturers in order to make decisions. This thesis contributes in three main research areas i.e. 1) feature level sentiment analysis, 2) product reputation model and 3) multiagent architecture. First, a word sense disambiguation and negation handling methods are proposed in order to improve the performance of feature level sentiment analysis. Second, a novel mathematical model is proposed which computes several reputation values in order to evaluate product based on different criteria. Finally, multiagent architecture for review analysis and product evaluation is proposed. Huge amount of the product evaluation data on the Web is in textual form (i.e. product reviews). In order to analyze product reviews to evaluate product we propose a feature level sentiment analysis method which determines the opinions about different features of a product. A word sense disambiguation method is introduced which identify the sense of words according to the context while determining the polarity. Inaddition, a negation handling method is proposed which determine the sequence of words affected by different types of negations. The results show that both word sense disambiguation and negation handling methods improve the overall accuracy of feature level sentiment analysis. A multi-source product reputation model is proposed where informative, robust and strategy proof aggregation methods are introduced to compute different reputation values. Sources from which reviews are extracted may not be creditable hence a source credibility measuring method is proposed in order to avoid malicious web sources. In addition, suitable decay principles for product reputation are also introduced in order to reflect the newest opinions about product quickly. The model also considers several parameters such as reviewer expertise, rating trustworthiness, time span of ratings, reviewer age, sex and location in order to evaluate product in different ways

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Sundararaman, Prithiviraj. "Development of sensor based evaluation methodologies for developing world products." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104275.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 88-90).
Often consumers in the developed world have a wide range of options available to them when considering a certain product family, such as a smartphone. The plethora of options is in large part a result of the degree to which the supply chains have advanced in the developed world. Organizations such as Consumer Reports have distilled information about the products available to consumer in the form of comparative ratings charts to help them make a purchasing decision. These product evaluations provide valuable information on the quality of a product, but are limited to the perspective of the developed world consumer. In contrast, there are many barriers in providing a product to a consumer in the developing world. A multitude of poverty alleviating products have been developed, but few have been successful. The Comprehensive Initiative on Technology Evaluation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology seeks to adapt product evaluation methodologies such as those employed by Consumer Reports to evaluate developing world products. This thesis documents the challenges in adapting the methodology and demonstrates that in order to create a successful product in the developing world, aspects of design, manufacturing, distribution, and consumer adoption must be assessed. A biomass fueled improved cookstove case study is presented to explain these four stages and how they may be evaluated. In addition, a sensor based method and neural network based processing algorithm is presented as a cost-effective and accurate way to gauge adoption of improved cookstoves.
by Prithiviraj Sundararaman.
S.M.

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Bergström, Frida, and Marika Björkvall. "Simulation based product development and competitiveness : How does a simulation based product development affect a company’s overall future competitiveness?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk och industriell utveckling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119830.

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The gradually increasing competition that occurs in mature markets, pushes the companies to consider new ways of competing. The more mature the market becomes the higher level of competitive fulfillment and edge is needed. E.g. for Scania the dimension high quality was until now considered a competitive advantage, but is currently evolving towards a dimension that is necessary to fulfill to even act within the market. Thus, companies such as Scania have to push their limits everywhere possible across their organization. One way to push the limits of R&D and product development (PD) is, based on this thesis and other work, implementing a simulation based product development (SBPD) process. The aim of this thesis has been, by applying a quality function deployment (QFD) model, to show the influence a SBPD process can have on increased competitiveness. By combining published literature within the field with empirical results mostly gained from interviews, nine components representing a SBPD process could be found. These components were characterized in the following categories: IT-infrastructure, design, model & test, and organizational. Depending on the level of fulfillment of these components the SBPD process is more or less implemented within the company. The two components that are considered the most important for Scania in terms of both increased competitiveness and a possible transition towards a SBPD process are Virtual representa-tion of the product and the process throughout the whole PD process and A model driven/model based approach. The work of this thesis has also shown, in correlations with previous published literature, that a SBPD process can significantly decrease the lead-time and cost of development, and at the same time increase the knowledge about the product and the process. The research has also shown that a SBPD process can considerably improve both the internal and the external collaboration. However attaining such a process where these competitive advantages can be gained affects the whole organization, the way development is performed and also the way resources are used. A fully implemented SBPD process has been shown to positively impact the following competitive dimensions; Frequency of product introductions, Lead-time of development, PD process flexibility, Degree of innovation, Customization of the offer, Collaboration with internal and external partners, Knowledge about products and processes, R&D cost, manufacturing cost, Focus on customers operational economics, Product quality, Product safety and Focus on environmental sustainability of the product & the processes. But, to get a positive impact on all these dimensions the components representing a SBPD process must be implemented and applied. Furthermore, this thesis also provides a framework for other companies to evaluate the impact a SBPD process can have on their competitiveness. The analysis model aims to guide companies that want to adopt a SBPD process. The framework can indicate how a SBPD process would impact the firm's competitive strategy. But also to provide guidance to which components that would be more important to implement in order to reach a competitive SBPD process.
Den gradvis ökande konkurrens som uppstår på mogna marknader driver företagen att finna nya sätt att konkurrera. Ju mer mogen marknaden blir desto högre blir kraven på konkurrens. För Scania har faktorn hög kvalitet tills nu betraktas som en konkurrensfördel, men utveckling sker istället mot att det kommer att vara en faktor som är nödvändig att uppfylla för att ens kunna agera på marknaden. Företag som Scania måste således utvecklas över hela organisationen. Ett sätt att tänja på gränserna för FoU och produktutveckling (PD) är, baserat på detta arbete och annan tidigare forskning, att genomföra en förändring mot en simulering baserad produktutvecklings-process (SBPD). Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att, genom att tillämpa en quality function deployment (QFD) modell, visa effekten en SBPD-process kan ha på ökad konkurrenskraft. Genom att kombinera tidigare publicerad litteratur inom området med empiriska resultat, mestadels insamlat genom intervjuer, kunde nio komponenter som utgör en SBPD-process finnas. Dessa komponenter karakteriserades i följande kategorier: IT-infrastruktur, design, modellera och testa och organisatorisk. Beroende på graden av uppfyllnad på dessa komponenter blir den SBPD-processen mer eller mindre implementerad inom företaget. De två komponenterna som anses viktigast för Scania i form av både ökad konkurrenskraft och en eventuell övergång till en SBPD-process är Virtuell representation av produkten och processen genom hela PD-processen och Ett modellbaserat/ modelldrivet arbetssätt används. Arbetet har också visat i korrelation med tidigare publicerad litteratur, att en SBPD-process kommer att minska ledtiden och kostnaden för utveckling avsevärt och samtidigt öka kunskapen om produkten och processen. Denna studie har också visat att en SBPD-process kan förbättra både interna och externa samarbeten. Men att uppnå en sådan process där dessa konkurrens-fördelar kan vinnas kommer att påverka hela organisationen, det sätt som utveckling utförs på och också hur resurserna används. En fullt implementerad SBPD-process har visat positivt påverkan följande konkurrens faktorer; frekvens av produktlanseringar, ledtiden för utveckling, PD-processflexibilitet, innovationsgrad, anpassning av erbjudandet, samarbete med interna och externa partners, kunskap om produkter och processer, FoU kostnader, tillverkningskostnad, fokus på kundernas driftsekonomi, produktkvalitet, produktsäkerhet och miljöpåverkan av både produkten och processen. För att få en positiv inverkan på alla dessa faktorer måste alla komponenter som utgör en SBPD-process implementeras och tillämpas. Dessutom så presenteras även ett ramverk för andra företag att utvärdera effekterna en SBPD-process skulle ha på deras konkurrenskraft. Analysmodellen syftar till att vägleda företag som vill övergå till en SBPD-process. Ramverket kan ange hur en SBPD-process skulle kunna påverka företagets konkurrensstrategi men också ge vägledning om vilka komponenter som kan vara viktigare att börja implementera för att nå en konkurrenskraftig SBPD-process.

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Deriyenko, Tatiana Verfasser], Dirk C. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Mattfeld, and Mark [Akademischer Betreuer] Vollrath. "Knowledge-based support for evaluation of computer-based products / Tatiana Deriyenko ; Dirk C. Mattfeld, Mark Vollrath." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194158641/34.

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Deriyenko, Tatiana [Verfasser], Dirk C. [Akademischer Betreuer] Mattfeld, and Mark [Akademischer Betreuer] Vollrath. "Knowledge-based support for evaluation of computer-based products / Tatiana Deriyenko ; Dirk C. Mattfeld, Mark Vollrath." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194158641/34.

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Lau, Clara Sueling. "Formulation and Physical, Chemical and Sensory Analysis of a Novel Flaxseed-enriched Milk-based Beverage to Deliver Omega-3 Fatty Acids." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29396.

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An increased interest in functional beverages is occurring, and omega-3 fatty acids (FA) are one of the most commonly sought ingredients to fortify such beverages. Omega-3 FA produce beneficial health effects, likely due to their anti-inflammatory properties. The majority of current omega-3 FA-fortified products include marine-derived omega-3 FA sources, often producing undesired flavors due to lipid oxidation. Little research regarding incorporation of alpha-linolenic acid in functional beverage formulation has been conducted. Alpha-linolenic acid is less susceptible to oxidation and may be a candidate to deliver omega-3 FA into the diet via functional products. Flaxseed is the richest plant source for alpha-linolenic acid; consumption may increase omega-3 FA intake and lower the omega-6:omega3 FA ratio, thereby, attenuating inflammation. Finely ground flaxseed was, therefore, incorporated into a chocolate milk foundation ("flaxmilk") to increase dietary omega-3 FA. An untrained consumer panel tasted and rated flaxmilk's palatability using a 9-point hedonic scale. A score of "6.0" ("like slightly") was targeted. A mean hedonic score of 6.35 was achieved, surpassing the targeted score and indicating an acceptable product. Sensory and analytical analyses of flaxmilk were conducted and compared to standard chocolate milk. Flaxmilk was significantly different in most physical, chemical and sensory characteristics compared to chocolate milk. A reduction in the omega-6:omega-3 FA ratio may attenuate inflammation; inflammation has been linked to osteoporosis. Thus, a secondary analysis of data collected from 202 women was conducted to estimate the dietary omega-6:omega-3 FA ratio and examine relationships between the omega-6:omega-3 FA ratio and total body and site-specific bone mineral density (BMD). The omega-6:omega-3 FA ratio had no appreciable association with any measure of BMD in the overall sample of women or in younger or older subsamples of women. In summary, consumers found flaxmilk to be an acceptable product, despite sensory and compositional differences compared to chocolate milk. The relationship between the omega-6:omega-3 FA ratio and BMD remains unclear.
Ph. D.

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Strong, Matthew Bailey. "Tools and Metrics for Evaluating Modular Product Concepts Based on Strategic Objectives." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/80.

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The design of modular products has recently become the focus of significant research in the area of design theory and methodology. This focus is the result of increased awareness of the potential power of modularity to achieve certain product objectives. However, there continues to be a gap between the results of academic research and industrial application. The refinement, consolidation, and extension of this academic research would help design teams who are charged with developing modular products to use these academic findings in real world, industrial applications. The research presented in this document focuses on developing design tools, based on past and present academic research, for use in industrial settings where the design of a modular product is the goal. In this document the many definitions and methods for classifying modular products are consolidated and refined. Through thisrefinement and consolidation a new scheme for classifying modularity types, the Modularity Type Space (MTS), is developed that not only succinctly defines the types of modularity, but shows the relationships between them. Metrics and heuristics are also presented that are helpful in identifying the type of modularity a product uses in its architecture. The MTS is presented as a tool to help design teams screen modular product designs for the purposes of concept selection based on the strategic goals that the product must achieve. Several examples, as well as a case study, are presented in this document to show how to use the tools contained herein and to illustrate their usefulness. With the modular product design tools developed in this document, design teams will be able to more quickly and cost-effectively design modular products that meet their desired strategic objectives.

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Boradkar, Prasad. "A System of Evaluation for Design Based on the Principles of Product Semantics." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392891688.

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Angelovska, Marina. "Content-based Recommender System for Detecting Complementary Products : Evaluating Siamese Neural Networks for Predicting Complementary Relationships among E-Commerce Products." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280455.

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As much as the diverse and rich offer on e-commerce websites helps the users find what they need at one market place, the online catalogs are sometimes too overwhelming. Recommender systems play an important role in e-commerce websites as they improve the customer journey by helping the users find what they want at the right moment. These recommendations can be based on users’ characteristics, demographics, purchase or session history.In this thesis we focus on identifying complementary relationship between products in the case of the largest e-commerce company in the Netherlands. Complementary products are products that go well together, products that might be a necessity to the chosen product or simply a nice addition to it. At the company, there is big potential as complementary products increase the average purchase value and they exist for less than 20% of the whole catalog.We propose a content-based recommender system for detecting complemen- tary products, using a supervised deep learning approach that relies on Siamese Neural Network (SNN).The purpose of this thesis is three-fold; Firstly, the main goal is to create a SNN model that will be able to predict complementary products for any given product based on the content. For this purpose, we implement and compare two different models: Siamese Convolutional Neu- ral Network and Siamese Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network. We feed these neural networks with pairs of products taken from the company, which are either complementary or non-complementary. Secondly, the basic assumption of our approach is that most of the important features for a product are included in its title, but we conduct experiments including the product description and brand as well. Lastly, we propose an extension of the SNN approach to handle millions of products in a matter of seconds.∼As a result from the experiments, we conclude that Siamese LSTM can predict complementary products with highest accuracy of 85%. Our assumption that the title is the most valuable attribute was confirmed. In addition, trans- forming our solution to a K-nearest-neighbour problem in order to optimize it for millions of products gave promising results.
Så mycket som det mångfaldiga och rika utbudet på e-handelswebbplatser hjälper användarna att hitta det de behöver på en marknadsplats, är online- katalogerna ibland för överväldigande. Rekommendationssystem en viktig roll på e-handelswebbplatser eftersom de förbättrar kundupplevelsen genom att hjälpa användarna att hitta vad de vill ha i rätt ögonblick. Dessa rekommen- dationer kan baseras på användarens egenskaper, demografi, inköps- eller ses- sionshistorik.I denna avhandling fokuserar vi på att identifiera komplementära förhållanden mellan produkter för det största e-handelsföretaget i Nederländerna. Komplet- terande produkter är produkter passar väl ihop, produkter som kan vara en nödvändighet för den valda produkten eller helt enkelt ett trevligt tillskott till den. På företaget finns det stor potential eftersom kompletterande produkter ökar det genomsnittliga inköpsvärdet och de tillhandahålls för mindre än 20% av hela katalogen.Vi föreslår ett innehållsbaserat rekommendationssystem för att upptäcka kom- pletterande produkter, med en övervakad strategi för inlärning som bygger på Siamese Neural Network (SNN). Syftet med denna avhandling är i tre steg; För det första är huvudmålet att skapa en SNN-modell som kan förutsäga komplet- terande produkter för en given produkt baserat på innehållet. För detta ändamål implementerar och jämför vi två olika modeller: Siamese Convolutional Neu- ral Network och Siamese Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Recurrent Neural Network. Vi matar in data i dessa neurala nätverk med par produkter hämta- de från företaget, som antingen är komplementära eller icke-komplementära. Det andra grundläggande antagandet av vår metod att de flesta av de viktiga funktionerna för en produkt ingår i dess titel, men vi genomför också expe- riment inklusive produktbeskrivningen och varumärket. Slutligen föreslår vi en utvidgning av SNN-metoden för att hantera miljoner produkter på några sekunder.∼Som ett resultat av eperimenten drar vi slutsatsen att Siamese LSTM kan för- utsäga komplementära produkter med högsta noggrannhet på 85%. Vårt antagande att titeln är det mest värdefulla attributet bekräftades. Därtill är om- vandling av vår lösning till ett K-närmaste grannproblem för att optimera den för miljontals produkter gav lovande resultat.

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Silva, Carlos Fábio Magalhães da. "Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 2-benzylchromones." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/21243.

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Mestrado em Bioquímica
Esta dissertação aborda a síntese de compostos do tipo cromona (4H-cromen-4-ona), em particular 2-benzilcromonas, com distintos padrões de substituição e também a avaliação da sua actividade anti-inflamatória e inibidora da acetilcolinesterase. As cromonas apresentam-se como sendo uma vasta classe de compostos naturais heterocíclicos contendo oxigénio e que representam o fragmento principal de diversos grupos de flavonoides amplamente distribuídos pela Natureza. Este tipo de compostos apresenta uma ampla gama de actividades biológicas e este esqueleto de cromona tem provado ser um núcleo estrutural crucial no domínio dos produtos naturais, na química orgânica sintética e em estudos de desenvolvimento de novas drogas, devido às suas características estruturais particulares e diversas propriedades farmacológicas. Por essas razões, o interesse no estudo da bioactividade e respectivas aplicações biológicas deste tipo de compostostem vindo a estimular a síntese de novos derivados de cromona e o desenvolvimento de cada vez mais estudos de relação estrutura-actividade. O principal objectivo deste projecto passa então pela síntese de novas 2-benzilcromonas, conjugando diferentes 2’-hidroxiacetofenonas e 2-fenilacetatos de etilo de forma a obter compostos com padrões de substituição distintos, e avaliar o seu potencial como agentes anti-inflamatórios e/ou inibidores da acetilcolinesterase. No primeiro capitulo, é realizada uma introdução, onde a estrutura química das cromonas e principais actividades biológicas são indicadas. Nesse mesmo capítulo, os métodos de síntese para a obtenção deste tipo de compostos são brevemente descritos e estudos de relação estrutura-actividade, desenvolvidos ao longo dos últimos anos, descritos de forma a perceber a influencia de diferentes substituintes. No segundo capítulo, os métodos de síntese realizados ao longo do projecto são descritos, seguidos das respectivas explicações mecanísticas e da completa caracterização estrutural dos compostos sintetizados, utilizando técnicas espectroscópicas como Ressonância Molecular Nuclear de 1H e 13C, Heteromolecular Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) e Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC), e espectrometria de massa. No terceiro capítulo, os resultados da avaliação biológica dos compostos serão apresentados, nomeadamente as suas actividades anti-inflamatória e inibidora da acetilcolinesterase. Através dos resultados obtidos, torna-se possível entender o efeito dos diferentes substituintes nessas actividades, sendo o composto 2-benzil-5-(benziloxi)-4H-cromen-4-ona (86.j) o mais promissor composto anti-inflamatório. Relativamente à actividade anti-acetilcolinesterase, o composto 2-(3,4-di-hidroxibenzil)-5-hidroxi-4H-cromen-4-ona (86.m) é o mais promissor. No quarto capítulo, uma extensa descrição dos procedimentos experimentais desenvolvidos, ao longo do nosso projecto, é apresentada, enquanto no último capítulo (Capítulo V) são apresentadas as conclusões finais sobre o trabalho realizado e as perspectivas futuras.
This dissertation approaches the synthesis of chromone (4H-chromen-4-one) type compounds, particularly 2-benzylchromones, with distinct substitution patterns and the evaluation of their anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities. Chromones are a wide class of naturally occurring oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds with a benzoannelated γ-pyrone and represent the core fragment of several groups of flavonoids widely distributed in nature. This type of compounds presents a wide range of biological activities and the chromone ring system has proven to be a crucial core in the domain of natural products, in synthetic organic chemistry and in drug discovery studies because of its particular structural features and diverse pharmacological properties. For these reasons, the interest in the study of their bioactivity and related biological applications has stimulated the synthesis of novel chromone derivatives and development of more and more structure-activity relationships. The main objective of this project concerns the synthesis of new 2-benzylchromones, conjugating different 2’-hydroxyacetophenones and ethyl 2-phenylacetates to obtain compounds with distinct substitution patterns, and evaluate their potential as anti-inflammatory and/or anti-acetylcholinesterase agents. In the first chapter, an introduction is made, where chromones chemical structure and their principal biological activities are indicated. In the same chapter, the most common synthetic methods for the obtention of chromones are briefly depicted and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, developed throughout the years, are described, highlighting the influence of different substituents. In the second chapter, the synthetic methods performed are described, followed by a mechanistic explanation and a complete structural characterization of the synthesized compounds, using spectroscopic techniques, like 1H and 13C Nuclear Molecular Resonance (NMR), Heteromolecular Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) and Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation (HMBC), and mass spectrometry (MS). In a third chapter, the biological evaluation of our compounds is depicted, namely their anti-inflammatory and anti-acetylcholinesterase activities. From the results obtained, it is possible to understand the effect of different substituents in it, being compound 2-benzyl-5-(benzyloxy)-4H-chromen-4-one (86.j) the most promising anti-inflammatory one. Regarding the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity, compound 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)-5-hidroxy-4H-chromen-4-one (86.m) is the most promising. In chapter IV, an extensive description of the experimental procedures developed throughout our project are displayed, while in the final chapter (chapter V) the conclusions are drawn and some future perspectives presented.

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Widha, Kusumaningdyah. "A Simulation-Based Design and Evaluation Framework for Energy Product-Service System in Liberalized Electricity Markets." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263755.

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京都大学
新制・課程博士
博士(エネルギー科学)
甲第23294号
エネ博第419号
京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー社会・環境科学専攻
(主査)教授手塚哲央, 教授宇根﨑博信, 准教授 MCLELLAN Benjamin
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Energy Science
Kyoto University
DFAM

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Upton, Patricia Ann. "An evaluation of the Army Reserve Readiness Training Center's (ARRTC'S) first web-based training product." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002uptonp.pdf.

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Guyo, V. "Evaluation of a potato-based food product for acceptability, growth and diarrheal management in children." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/399.

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Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) ranks diarrhoea as the second greatest killer of children below the age of five years. In South Africa, children’s illness and death is highly attributable to diarrhoea and malnutrition, with undernutrition and HIV infections predisposing children to the illness due to suppressed immune system. Therefore, the malnutrition status of children synergically worsens as a result of each episode of diarrhoea. This study was a contract research with Feed My Starving Children (NGO) for testing a potato-based food product for nutritional impact and relief for diarrhoeal episodes. Objectives: The purpose was to evaluate the acceptability of the product as a nutritional supplement for child growth and as a first food to complement oral rehydration and other efforts to reduce the impact and support the resolution of the symptoms of chronic and acute diarrhoea in children between the ages of two and thirteen in a Qwa-Qwa community (the experimental group), and in pre-schools in the Vaal region of Gauteng (the control group). Study design: A baseline cross-sectional and subsequent experimental study design was used. Methods: The study purposively enrolled children between the ages of 2-12 years, in experimental group of 96 and control group of 100. The study was conducted in three phases the first of which was a cross-sectional baseline survey in which the measurements included questionnaires to establish the nutritional status, diarrhoea prevalence in the two groups and sensory analysis questionnaire to establish acceptability of the potato-based based food product by the experimental group only. The anthropometric measurements included weight and height; the diarrhoea measurements included prevalence, duration and severity; while the sensory analysis included the taste, texture and appearance of the product. The second phase was the intervention programme in which the experimental group consumed the product for six weeks. The measurements taken included height, weight and diarrhoea episodes on weekly bases in the two groups. In the last phase all the measurements done at baseline were repeated to v determine if the potato-based food intervention had an impact on the experimental group with respect to nutritional status and diarrhoeal mitigation as well as acceptability of the food product. Data analyses: All data was captured on Excel spreadsheets. The WHO growth standards were used to make a statistical comparison of the anthropometric indicators using WHO anthroPlus programme version 1.0.02. Data for diarrhoea and sensory analysis was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for descriptive statistics (frequencies, means and standard deviations). Two tailed tests were done in order to determine any statistical differences between baseline and follow up measurements of both experimental and control groups.

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Sahlén, Viktoria, and Jessica Daberius. "A model based on total cost and manufacturer performance to evaluate a product as well as possible cost reductions." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Logistik- och kvalitetsutveckling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-130609.

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Omega Pharma is a distributer of over the counter products, selling thousands of products produced at more than 200 manufacturers and sold in most European countries. The company was founded in Belgium in 1987 and has since then had a high market focus and expanded through acquisitions of brands and products. The company has in recent years started working towards centralization and supplier base management. A project team has been set up to work strategically by choosing key manufacturers and by reducing the supplier base. A first step in this is to look more closely at products with a low turnover and that are not strategically important in order to evaluate if the product is profitable and which products that could be moved to other manufacturers or cancelled from the portfolio. Therefore the purpose of the study is to: Create an evaluation model based on revenue, total cost and manufacturer performance to evaluate a product and if cost reductions can be achieved by ending the production of the product or moving the product to a different manufacturer. A four step approach for analyzing total cost was followed in order to, in a structured way, create the model and identify the relevant elements related to revenue, total cost and manufacturer performance that were to be present in the model. The four steps were: In a first step elements and costs were identified that might be relevant for the model. This was done based on previous research, holding interviews at the company and reviewing documents. The second step was to adapt the elements to the model. In the third step, it was decided how the elements and costs that were to be in the model would be calculated and presented as well as looking into how the model would be built. The fourth step consisted of doing test runs and a sensitivity analysis to test the robustness of the model. The result handed over to the company is in the form of the evaluation model created based on the above stated purpose. Within the model, there are 4 manufacturer performance parameters and 1 for revenue. When it comes to costs, the amount varies depending on the case analyzed. To evaluate product profitability there are 7 cost elements containing 20 identified costs. When evaluating moving a product to another manufacturer there are the same costs, however an additional element for transfer is added containing 5 costs. For the situation ending a production, there are 2 costs. In order to facilitate the use of the model, estimations were done to the costs to the extent possible. From test runs the model was further adapted to the company as it was identified what values connected to a product where possible for the user to find in the system and in what units of measure. The sensitivity analyses showed that none of the estimated values would, if the estimation was not accurate, affect the evaluation of the product. They could however affect the cost element of that cost.

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Magalhães, Luís Miguel Andrade de. "Developement of Automatic Methods Based on Flow Techniques for Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity in Pharmaceutical and Food Products." Tese, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7428.

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Magalhães, Luís Miguel Andrade de. "Developement of Automatic Methods Based on Flow Techniques for Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity in Pharmaceutical and Food Products." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade do Porto, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/7428.

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Liu, Li [Verfasser]. "Cultural Differences in Design-based Product Evaluation: The Role of Holistic and Analytic Thinking / Li Liu." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103452769X/34.

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Stolt, Roland. "CAD-Model Parsing for Automated Design and Design Evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH. Forskningsområde Datorstödd konstruktion, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-10700.

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Product development has both innovative and analytic sides. Starting from the requirements, a design suggestion is generated. In order to assess how well the envisioned design fulfils the requirements, it is sometimes necessary to build a computer model of it for the analysis. The overall motivation of the work presented is to reduce the time spent on creating the model by reusing knowledge gained from developing similar products by suggesting, building and evaluating IT-systems. To verify the systems real design examples, obtained from companies that have participated in the research projects have been used. The work is based on two major application examples. The first, involving the automated geometrical idealisation of die-cast parts (Paper I-III), and the second involving manufacturability of powder metallurgy pressed and sintered parts (Paper IV-VI). The work starts from the point in the product development process where it exists a design suggestion represented as an arbitrary format CAD-model. In the powder metallurgy case the object is to secure that the geometry is suitable for the production process. In the die-casting case the object is to automatically create an idealised version of the model for shell elements meshing. These two tasks have previously been treated as two separate cases, addressed by completely different software. This thesis suggests a common method for addressing the two cases. The method is based on converting the CAD-models, using the geometrical restrictions of the production processes, into a format with a specialised feature structure, parameterisation and construction history using a feature recognition approach. The features are then automatically reconstructed in a target CAD-system. The resulting, specialised CAD-model can be used for automated design and design evaluation purposes, demonstrated in the thesis. The models are therefore called DAR (Design Automation Ready)-models. The DAR-models are useful in that they separate the conversion from the subsequent treatment of the models providing modularisation, flexibility and user insight in the model structure. In that a construction history and parameterisation have be constructed in the target CAD-system, the advanced geometry manipulation and means for knowledge management often provided in modern CAD-systems can be accessed in a transparent and user manageable way. This extends the usefulness of the CAD-systems from involving only interactive work to managing all components sharing the same production process.
Teknologie Doktorsexamen

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Cowley, Nicola. "Realism-based approaches for evaluating bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobials used in home and personal care products." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/realismbased-approaches-for-evaluating-bacterial-susceptibility-to-antimicrobials-used-in-home-and-personal-care-products(58428a27-4b98-4bee-af2c-d19cd22f2617).html.

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Microbicides are used in consumer products worldwide to enhance their antibacterial potency in disinfection, for antisepsis or as preservatives. With the widespread use of these compounds, concerns have been expressed about their potential to select for reduced susceptibility. Whilst in vitro studies have reported the laboratory generation of bacterial insusceptibility for certain combinations of bacterium and microbicide, true microbicide resistance, which is defined as a change in susceptibility that is likely to affect the outcome of treatment, has not been frequently reported or observed in the environment. Importantly, risk assessments on the use of microbicides have been largely based on laboratory studies whereby pure cultures of bacteria are exposed to microbicides in aqueous solution. In use however, microbicides are formulated with various excipients and bacteria are exposed to them most commonly in complex biofilm communities. Work described in this doctoral thesis evaluates the effects of exposing bacteria to microbicides using exposure conditions intended to increase realism, with the ultimate aim of informing improved risk assessment methods that better reflect deployment of microbicides in the real-world, taking in to account the effects of formulation, growth in multi-species communities and potential reduced competiveness in adapted bacteria. Test bacteria (8 species, 7 genera) were repeatedly exposed to selected microbicides in aqueous solution and in various formulations reflecting their use in the domestic environment, such as general-purpose cleaners and laundry detergents. Minimum inhibitory concentrations, minimum bactericidal concentrations and minimum biofilm eradication concentrations were determined before and after 14 passages (P14) in the presence of microbicides (benzalkonium chloride (BAC), benzisothiazolinone (BIT), chlorhexidine (CHX), didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), Glydant (DMDM-hydantoin), polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), thymol and triclosan) in aqueous solution or in formulation, using a previously validated gradient plating system. Bacteria were subsequently passaged a further 14 times in the absence of any antimicrobial agent to determine the stability of any adaptations (X14). In bacterial isolates that demonstrated marked changes in susceptibility, further phenotypic analysis was conducted to test for any induced alterations in antibiotic susceptibility, planktonic growth rate, biofilm formation, competitive fitness and relative pathogenicity. Exposure of microbial communities was carried out using a previously validated domestic drain biofilm simulator within constant depth film fermenters (CDFF). The CDFFs were exposed to increasing concentrations of BAC in aqueous solution or BAC formulation over a 32-week period. Changes in bacterial community composition and antimicrobial susceptibility distributions were assessed via replica plating onto selective and antimicrobial-containing agars as well as through the use of next generation sequencing technologies via the illumina Miseq platform and QIIME software. The formulation of microbicides significantly increased antibacterial and anti-biofilm potency and reduced the incidence and extent of the development of insusceptibility isolated bacteria (7 non-revertible bacteria in MBCs for microbicides, whilst 2 non-revertible bacteria in MBCs for formulations). In bacteria that develop marked changes in antimicrobial susceptibility after repeated exposure show changes to biofilm growth rates (10 increases and 6 decreases after microbicide exposure; 1 increase and 3 decreases after formulation exposure), as well as alterations in competitive fitness (6 decreases and 19 increases after microbicide exposure; whilst all exposed to formulation had decreased fitness) and virulence (9/13 decreased and 1/13 increased after microbicide exposure; 4/7 decreased and 2/7 increased after formulation exposure). In the multispecies microcosm system, long-term exposure to BAC or BAC formulation induced shifts in bacterial community dynamics and resulted in a decrease in BAC and various antibiotic susceptibilities (1 log10 reduction in the BAC system; 2.5 log10 reduction in the BAC formulation system of viable bacteria). Such shifts in community dynamics after antimicrobial treatment are theorised to be mainly due to clonal expansion of innately insusceptible bacteria (abundance of Achromobacter sp. increased by 39% in BAC system and 10% in BAC formulation system). Understanding the potential selectivity of microbicide-containing formulations is likely to better serve by testing formulations as well as actives in aqueous solutions. This highlights the need to conduct risk assessments of induced microbicide susceptibility changes using conditions that more accurately reflect their deployment.

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Chaipornmetta, Phantaporn. "The Evaluation of IKEA's Market Opportunity in Thailand : Based on Consumer Behavior in the Purchase of Home Furnishing Products." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35525.

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Sultana, Naznin. "Fabrication of PHBV and PHBV-based composite tissue engineering scaffolds through the emulsion freezing/freeze-drying process and evaluation of the scaffolds." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43703665.

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Garcés, Monge Luis. "Knowledge-based configuration : a contribution to generic modeling, evaluation and evolutionary optimization." Thesis, Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EMAC0003/document.

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Dans un contexte de personnalisation de masse, la configuration concourante du produit et de son processus d’obtention constituent un défi industriel important : de nombreuses options ou alternatives, de nombreux liens ou contraintes et un besoin d’optimisation des choix réalisés doivent être pris en compte. Ce problème est intitulé O-CPPC (Optimization of Concurrent Product and Process Configuration). Nous considérons ce problème comme un CSP (Constraints Satisfaction Problem) et l’optimisons avec des algorithmes évolutionnaires. Un état de l’art fait apparaître : i) que la plupart des travaux de recherche sont illustrés sur des exemples spécifiques à un cas industriel ou académique et peu représentatifs de la diversité existante ; ii) un besoin d’amélioration des performances d’optimisation afin de gagner en interactivité et faire face à des problèmes de taille plus conséquente. En réponse au premier point, ces travaux de thèse proposent les briques d’un modèle générique du problème O-CPPC. Ces briques permettent d’architecturer le produit et son processus d’obtention. Ce modèle générique est utilisé pour générer un benchmark réaliste pour évaluer les algorithmes d’optimisation. Ce benchmark est ensuite utilisé pour analyser la performance de l’approche évolutionnaire CFB-EA. L’une des forces de cette approche est de proposer rapidement un front de Pareto proche de l’optimum. Pour répondre au second point, une amélioration de cette méthode est proposée puis évaluée. L’idée est, à partir d’un premier front de Pareto approximatif déterminé très rapidement, de demander à l’utilisateur de choisir une zone d’intérêt et de restreindre la recherche de solutions uniquement sur cette zone. Cette amélioration entraine des gains de temps de calcul importants
In a context of mass customization, the concurrent configuration of the product and its production process constitute an important industrial challenge: Numerous options or alternatives, numerous links or constraints and a need to optimize the choices made. This problem is called O-CPPC (Optimization of Concurrent Product and Process Configuration). We consider this problem as a CSP (Constraints Satisfaction Problem) and optimize it with evolutionary algorithms. A state of the art shows that: i) most studies are illustrated with examples specific to an industrial or academic case and not representative of the existing diversity; ii) a need to improve optimization performance in order to gain interactivity and face larger problems. In response to the first point, this thesis proposes a generic model of the O-CPPC problem. This generic model is used to generate a realistic benchmark for evaluating optimization algorithms. This benchmark is then used to analyze the performance of the CFB-EA evolutionary approach. One of the strengths of this approach is to quickly propose a Pareto front near the optimum. To answer the second point, an improvement of this method is proposed and evaluated. The idea is, from a first approximate Pareto front, to ask the user to choose an area of interest and to restrict the search for solutions only on this area. This improvement results in significant computing time savings

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Wronski, Jacob (Jacob Andrzej). "A design tool architecture for the rapid evaluation of product design tradeoffs in an Inernet-based system modeling environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32375.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-122).
This thesis presents a computer-aided design tool for the rapid evaluation of design tradeoffs in an integrated product modeling environment. The goal of this work is to provide product development organizations with better means of exploring product design spaces so as to identify promising de- sign candidates early in the concept generation phase. Ultimately, such practices would streamline the product development process. The proposed design tool is made up of two key components: an optimization engine, and the Distributed Object-based Modeling Environment. This modeling environment is part of an ongoing research initiative at the Computer-Aided Design Lab. The optimization engine consists of a multi- objective evolutionary algorithm developed at the Ecole Polytechnique F6d6rale de Lausanne. The first part of this thesis provides a comprehensive survey of all topics relevant to this work. Traditional product development is discussed along with some of the challenges inherent in this process. Integrated modeling tools are surveyed. Finally, a variety of optimization methods and algorithms are discussed, along with a review of commercially available optimization packages. The second part discusses the developed design tool and the implications of this work on traditional product development. After a detailed description of the optimization algorithm, use of the design tool is illustrated with a trivial design example.
(cont.) Enabled by this work, a new "target-driven" design approach is introduced. In this approach, individuals select optimal tradeoffs between competing design objectives and use them, as design targets, to configure the integrated product model so as to achieve best-overall product performance. Validation of this design approach is done through the design of a hybrid PV-diesel energy system for two different applications. It is shown that the design tool effectively evaluates design tradeoffs and allows for the rapid derivation of optimal design alternatives.
by Jacob Wronski.
S.M.

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Alcázar, Ortega Manuel. "Evaluation and Assessment of New Demand Response Products based on the use of Flexibility in Industrial Processes: Application to the Food Industry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/10078.

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En el marco de un mercado de la electricidad con precios cada vez más altos y donde la participación de fuentes renovables de generación está jugando un papel cada vez más importante, esta tesis supone un enfoque innovador hacia la participación de recursos de demanda en mercados de operación, prestando una atención especial a segmentos industriales como el sector alimentario con un consumo energético intensivo. En primer lugar, esta tesis describe detalladamente la situación actual de los programas de respuesta de la demanda que existen en diferentes partes del mundo. Este estudio permite concluir que los consumidores no han sido tenidos en cuenta suficientemente en la fase de diseño de los programas existentes, lo que ha provocado la infrautilización de recursos de demanda que, actualmente, permanecen sin explorar. Por otro lado, los consumidores no son conscientes del valor que su flexibilidad podría tener para el sistema eléctrico en su conjunto, ignorando que puedan existir otros agentes dispuestos a pagarles a cambio de reducir sus cargas en períodos determinados. Como resultado, esta tesis desarrolla una nueva metodología para explorar y valorar nuevos mecanismos de respuesta de la demanda donde el punto de vista de consumidores, operadores de red y cualquier otro agente interesado pueda ser tenido en cuenta. Esta metodología, basada en la evaluación y análisis detallado de los procesos, proporciona a los consumidores las herramientas adecuadas para evaluar su capacidad para reaccionar al precio de la electricidad, lo que permitiría al regulador poner en valor el beneficio social de dicha flexibilidad si pudiera ser utilizada en mercados de operación, ayudándole a definir los programas necesarios para utilizar de forma adecuada el potencial identificado por los consumidores. La metodología desarrollada en esta tesis ha sido aplicada satisfactoriamente al sub-segmento de la industria cárnica, por lo que varias fábricas pertenecientes a este segmento han sido estudiadas en detalle. En concreto, la factibilidad de las acciones propuestas ha sido probada y validada satisfactoriamente en una fábrica dedicada a la producción de jamón curado en España, en la que se han evaluado diferentes estrategias de flexibilidad. Finalmente, se ha realizado una evaluación económica de la rentabilidad de la aplicación de las acciones de flexibilidad propuestas tanto para el consumidor como para el sistema eléctrico en su conjunto, donde se han considerado los precios reales de los mercados de operación en España, aun cuando los consumidores no puedan participar realmente en dichos mercados en la actualidad.
Alcázar Ortega, M. (2011). Evaluation and Assessment of New Demand Response Products based on the use of Flexibility in Industrial Processes: Application to the Food Industry [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/10078
Palancia

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Zimmermann, Tobias J. [Verfasser], Herbert [Akademischer Betreuer] Waldmann, and Willem van [Akademischer Betreuer] Otterlo. "Design, synthesis and evaluation of natural product based compound collections / Tobias J. Zimmermann. Betreuer: Herbert Waldmann. Gutachter: Willem van Otterlo." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1099294614/34.

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Berry, Thomas D. "The emergence of a negative feedback bias as a product of supervisor and subordinate dynamics : consequences of opportunity-based supervision and performance variation /." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164555/.

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Deshmukh, Atul Ramesh. "Product Evaluation and Process Improvement Guidelines for the Personal Protective Equipment Manufacturers based on Human Factors, NIOSH Guidelines and System Safety Principles." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26391.

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To analyze the system development, manufacturing practices and system evaluation procedures of representative PPES manufacturers, two companies (i.e., one â smallâ , referred to here as â simple manufacturer (SM)â , and one â largeâ , referred here as â complex manufacturer (CM)â â in terms of workforce, market presence, and capital) that develop first responder PPES, which voluntarily agreed to participate in the research were chosen. The complex PPES is an Air-Pak, a self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) used by first responders for artificial breathing in life-threatening scenarios and the simple PPES is the Fire-Eye device, a thermal sensor that attaches to the visor of the firefighter in order to convey the visual warning of the ambient thermal environment. In order to differentiate the two distinct methodological approaches, the dissertation has been split into two different parts. The first methodology is a â case studyâ type of empirical investigation which follows a triangulation approach utilizing surveys, structured interviews, process and system observations, and examination of archival records. The second type of methodology is an experimental empirical research one, which involves laboratory-scale and full-scale real-life fire scenarios to conduct product evaluation. The research goals of the case study research were to identify the problems faced by the manufacturers of PPES and to formulate guidelines with regards to manufacturing, compliance, design and development processes, etc., for the PPES manufacturers. The investigation sought answer to the following key questions: a) How do PPES manufacturers currently approach the systems design and development process and what best practices in manufacturing and quality control have they adopted? b) What human factors and ergonomic measures are adopted by these companies while designing their products and what human testing is conducted by companies? c)What safety measures are considered by the safety designer while designing the product? The recommendations also include modifications to the product design process taking into account the market trends in the product design processes, involvement of ergonomics and safety aspects. The research goals for the experimental part of this dissertation were to identify appropriate evaluation methods and conduct the PPES evaluation in simulated fire environments. The Fire-Eye device primarily functions in hot environments and warns the firefighters of the ambient temperature. Therefore, the laboratory-scale evaluation was conducted using test methods such as the Static Oven, Fire Equipment Evaluator, and Radiant Panel, methods which represent controlled environment test conditions. The Fire-Eye device was also evaluated in realistic fire environment created in an ISO burn room by conducting several tests using different types of fuels such as Heptane, Natural Gas, and Living-room set-up (i.e., furniture as fuel). The Fire-Eye device was tested for repeatability and reproducibility of its performance in both of the experimental settings. Statistical data analysis was conducted to determine any differences in performance of the Fire-Eye device among each laboratory-scale methods as well as to compare the performance of the device between laboratory-scale and full-scale fire environments in identical heat locations. The results suggest that a dual approach (laboratory-scale and full-scale fire environment) for evaluating the performance of PPES is more effective than is testing the device in either one of the methods.
Ph. D.

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Brites, Alice Dantas. "Why do people participate in monitoring the effects of natural resource harvest and trade? Assessing multiple drivers of participation." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/106/106132/tde-24072015-100431/.

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Participatory monitoring of ecological and socioeconomic effects of harvesting and trading natural resources is advocated as a promoter of natural resource conservation and local communitiy empowerment. Nevertheless, the strategys success depends upon peoples willingness and availability to participate. Yet little is known about the factors that drive local communities to volunteer in participatory monitoring, particularly in relation to small-scale communities living in remote locations. This thesis investigated whether a number of candidate factors were able to predict peoples participation in monitoring. To do so, we conducted a study in a forest community of the Brazilian Amazon that harvested and traded Carapa guianensis (andiroba), a non-timber forest product (NTFP). Two methods of data gathering were employed: (i) an interview-based survey of 166 adults ( 18 y.o.; 51 households) to estimate peoples self-stated intention to participate and the drivers of their participation, and (ii) experimentally-implemented monitoring tasks of the effects of harvesting and trading C. guianensis to measure peoples actual participation. Results are presented in three chapters. In Chapter 1, we evaluated whether economic benefits received from the NTFP trade or, alternatively peoples cooperativeness, were more important in predicting peoples participation. Results indicated that both variables raised peoples intention and actual levels of participation in monitoring, but cooperativeness was a stronger and better predictor across monitoring tasks. In Chapter 2, we investigated the psychology of engaging in monitoring, departing from the theoretical framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) for understanding whether the variables in the model were appropriate to predict the willingness to volunteer in monitoring tasks. We found that the TPB model, in general, was able to predict peoples intention to volunteer in monitoring tasks. Specifically, one of the attitude indicators (attitude pleasure) explained the intention to engage in all monitoring tasks assessed. Subjective norms were also important to predict the intention to collect data on natural resource populations and to interview community inhabitants, whereas perceived behavioral control predicted the intention to collect data on natural resources and to deal with data management and storage. Finally, in Chapter 3 we hypothesized that the awareness of ecological and socioeconomic impacts of NTFP harvest and trade should explain peoples participation in monitoring. Results indicated that both factors were important, particularly regarding to peoples actual participation, although factors such as gender, age and schooling were occasionally stronger predictors. Nevertheless, there is evidence that combining monitoring of ecological and socioeconomic factors will boost the practices success. The study conclusions contribute to lessons aimed at stimulating participation in monitoring. Among those, we highlight the importance of strategies to increase levels of cooperativeness among people, spreading information about the possible negative effects of natural resource harvest and trade, and granting financial compensations equivalent to the opportunity costs of participation.
O monitoramento participativo dos efeitos ecológicos e socioeconômicos da coleta e do comércio de recursos naturais é uma estratégia considerada promotora tanto da conservação ambiental, quanto do empoderamento das comunidades locais. O sucesso da estratégia, todavia, depende, sobretudo, da disponibilidade e disposição dos indivíduos em participarem. Apesar disso, sabe-se pouco sobre os fatores que determinam a participação voluntária no monitoramento, especialmente em comunidades de pequena escala habitantes de áreas remotas. Sendo assim, esta tese teve por objetivo investigar o efeito de determinantes da participação no monitoramento. Para tal, foi estudada uma comunidade da Amazônia brasileira que coleta e comercializa Carapa guianensis (andiroba), um produto florestal não madeireiro (PFNM). Dois métodos de coleta de dados foram utilizados: (i) survey por meio de entrevistas a 166 adultos ( 18 anos; 51 unidades domésticas) para estimar a intenção de participar e os determinantes da participação, e (ii) implementação de monitoramento experimental dos efeitos da coleta e do comércio de C. guianensis para quantificar a participação real no monitoramento. Os resultados são apresentados em três capítulos. No Capítulo 1, avaliamos se os benefícios econômicos obtidos com o comércio de PFNM ou, alternativamente, o comportamento cooperativo são determinantes mais importantes da participação. Os resultados indicaram que as duas variáveis aumentam a intenção e a participação real no monitoramento. Porém, o comportamento cooperativo foi um indicador mais forte da participação entre as diferentes atividades de monitoramento avaliadas. No Capítulo 2, investigamos os fatores psicológicos que afetam a participação, utilizando como base a Teoria do comportamento planejado (TCP) e avaliando o efeito das variáveis deste modelo sobre a probabilidade da participação voluntária no monitoramento. Os resultados indicaram que, em geral, o modelo da TCP é adequado para prever a intenção de participar em diferentes etapas do monitoramento avaliadas. Em particular, um dos indicadores de atitude (prazer) é capaz de explicar a participação nas quatro etapas de monitoramento. Normas subjetivas também foram importantes preditores da intenção de participar da coleta de dados da população de andiroba e entrevistar outros moradores da comunidade. Já o controle comportamental percebido previu a intenção de participar da coleta de dados sobre a população do recurso natural e a entrada e armazenamento de dados. No Capítulo 3, partimos da hipótese de que a percepção dos impactos ecológicos e socioeconômicos da coleta e do comércio de PFNM pode explicar a participação no monitoramento. Os resultados indicaram que a percepção dos dois tipos de impactos é importante, sobretudo para a participação real. Porém, outros fatores como gênero, idade e escolaridade são determinantes mais fortes da participação em algumas atividades. Ademais, encontramos evidências de que aliar o monitoramento de impactos ecológicos e socioeconômicos aumenta o sucesso da prática. As conclusões do estudo contribuem com lições práticas para aumentar a participação no monitoramento. Destacamos, dentre elas, a importância de estratégias para aumentar a cooperação entre os comunitários, a disseminação de informações sobre os possíveis impactos negativos da coleta e do comércio de recursos naturais, e o fornecimento de compensações financeiras equivalentes ao custo de oportunidade de participação

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Tudorica, Carmen-Mirela. "Evaluation of the role of soluble and insoluble dietary fibres in affecting the physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics of cereal and dairy based food products." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/526.

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Krishnan, Sandeep. "Development and evaluation of Formula Editor (a tool-based approach to enhance reusability in software product line model checking) on SAFER case study." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.

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Leffler, Ingela. "The Vertical Route Forecast : an Evaluation of a New Flight Path Based Weather Forecast Product with HARMONIE-AROME High Resolution Forecasts over Scandinavia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-318805.

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As a complement to existing weather forecast products for aviation, a prototype of a new product is presented and evaluated. It shows the atmosphere in a vertical cross section along the intended route. This Vertical Route Forecast introduces the possibility to examine the vertical distribution of cloud layers, wind, precipitation, turbulence and more along the flight path. Through a market research with 166 participating Swedish pilots it was found that the demand for the product is high and that 90 % of the participants would use it if available. The Vertical Route Forecast is inspired by the existing product GRAMET by Ogimet (Ballester Valor, n.d) but instead of using forecasts from the weather prediction model GFS (Global Forecast System) at 0.5° (56 km) resolution it uses data from the 2.5 km resolution model HARMONIE-AROME. The latter is operational at SMHI (Swedish Meteor-ological and Hydrological Institute) and because of its high resolution it enables more detailed structures of the weather to be presented. The product differs further from GRAMET by showing only the lower parts of the atmosphere so as to be of more use to small aircraft pilots flying at low levels. To assess the accuracy of the forecasts, a model evaluation of HARMONIE-AROME has been conducted through a case study in which the model was verified and compared to GFS over Sweden. The two models were verified against their own analyses at four different atmospheric pressure levels in terms of bias, root mean square error, standard deviation and correlation. HARMONIE-AROME performed best for temperature while GFS had the best forecasts of relative humidity. Wind speed and direction were also evaluated with insignificantly better results for GFS. However, the weather did not vary very much during the study as the two weeks were dominated by high pressure systems. Other evaluations made of HARMONIE-AROME by e.g. the HIRLAM consortium (2016a) have shown good or adequate performance of the model. It was concluded that HARMONIE-AROME would be well suited as the forecast producing model for this Vertical Route Forecast.
För att piloter ska kunna planera en säker flygning behöver de tillgång till bra och användbara väderprognoser. Med de prognosprodukter som finns tillgängliga idag kan det dock vara svårt att få en detaljerad uppfattning om hur vädret kommer vara längs med vägen. Här presenteras och utvärderas därför ett förslag till en ny prognosprodukt som visar atmosfären i en sidovy längs en valfri sträcka. Med den kan piloten granska utbredningen av bland annat molntäcken, vind, nederbörd och turbulens i höjdled längs den planerade färdvägen. Denna vertikala ruttprognos är inspirerad av den redan befintliga produkten GRAMET från Ogimet (Ballester Valor, n.d) men visar mer detaljerade prognoser som är bättre anpassade till flygningar på låga höjder. Vid en marknadsundersökning utförd med 166 medverkande svenska piloter stod det klart att efterfrågan på produkten är hög och 90 % av de medverkande påstod att de skulle använda den om den fanns tillgänglig. För att bedöma prognosernas precision har en utvärdering gjorts av den prognosmodell som använts till produkten. Modellen används annars hos SMHI (Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut) och kallas HARMONIE-AROME. I en fallstudie jämfördes den med modellen GFS som skapar prognoserna för GRAMET. Studien täckte Sverige och sträckte sig över 14 dagar i början av februari, 2017. HARMONIE-AROME visade bäst resultat för temperatur medan GFS gjorde de bästa fuktighetsprognoserna. Vindhastighet och vindriktning undersöktes också och för dem var modellerna ungefär lika bra. Vädret varierade dock inte så mycket under tvåveckorsperioden som dominerades av högtryck. Andra utvärderingar som gjorts av HARMONIE-AROME togs också i beaktande och modellen verkar generellt sett göra bra prognoser. Från samtliga resultat drogs slutsatsen att prognos-produkten skulle underlätta för småplanspiloter samt att HARMONIE-AROME är en lämplig modell att använda för att skapa dess prognoser.

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Moreno, Balderrama Juan Ángel. "Phase change materials encapsulation in crosslinked polymer-based monoliths : syntheses, characterization and evaluation of pullulan and black liquor based-monoliths for the encapsulation of phase change materials." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0369/document.

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Le stéarate de butyle, un matériau de changement de phase biosourcé (MCP), a été encapsulés dans des matrices polymères (pullulane, lignine, hémicelluloses) par la technique des émulsions concentrées. Les matrices polymères ont été réticulées avec du trimetaphosphate de sodium (STMP) dans des conditions alcalines afin d’obtenir un réseau poreux interconnecté rigide. L’influence du processus de séchage sur les matériaux composites obtenus a été étudiée, indiquant la lyophilisation comme la technique la plus efficace. Des études de calorimétrie à balayage différentiel (DSC) ont permis de déterminer que l’encapsulation de stéarate de butyle dans des matrices polymères ne modifiait pas ses propriétés thermiques de changement de phase. Des essais de compression mécanique et de résistance à la déformation ont permis d'évaluer le potentiel des monolithes en tant que panneaux de stockage de chaleur installés directement dans des bâtiments et des serres.Les produits de réticulation par le STMP ont été identifiés et caractérisés par RMN solide du31P. Il a ainsi été possible de synthétiser des monolithes ayant différents taux de réticulation afin d’optimiser la formulation d'encapsulation de MCP. Les matrices polymères vidée de tous leurs contenus liquides ont été étudiées par microscopie électronique à balayage afin d’étudier leur structure poreuse (distribution de taille des pores). Cette nouvelle approche d’encapsulation en une étape apparaît comme efficace et devrait permettre un développement important des applications énergétiques
Emulsion-templated polymer based (pullulan, lining and hemicelluloses) monoliths encapsulating butyl stearate as bio-based phase change material (PCM) were synthesized. Polymer-bases were crosslinked with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) under alkaline aqueous conditions leading to an interconnected porous network. The influence of the drying process on the obtained composite materials morphology was studied indicating freeze-drying as the most effective technique. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies allow to assess that encapsulation of butyl stearate onto matrices do not alter its phase change thermal properties. Mechanical compression and strain resistance tests allowed to evaluate monoliths potential as heat storage panels installed directly in buildings and greenhouses, STMP crosslinking products were identified by solid-NMR characterization, this allowed to synthetize monoliths at different crosslinking yields to find a formulation that improves PCM encapsulation. Polymer matrices were studied by scanning electron microscopy to identify the pore size distribution obtained in STMP crosslinked materials. This new one-step encapsulating approach appears as efficient and cost-effective and is expected to find a broad development in energy storage applications

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RebouÃas, Marina Cabral. "Cashew nut kernel-based prebiotic beverage: A study with consumers in different approaches for the evaluation of sensory and external factors to the product." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2016. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16496.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Prebiotic beverages made from cashew nut kernels and fruit juice are a viable alternative in the area of new functional productsâ development. Thus, this research aimed to develop three prebiotic beverages made from cashew nut kernels added with fruit juice (grape, mango and pineapple), evaluating how non-sensory attributes (external to the product) and consumersâ characteristics as to behavior and personality affect their acceptance. A factorial 2Â central composite rotatable design was used for the development of the formulations. Focus groups were applied to define the most important label attributes on consumerâs purchasing decision. The illustration, nutritional information and the term prebiotic associated with its functional claim, within their respective levels, were selected for the labelsâ development via the 3x2x3 full factorial design and the employment of conjoint analysis and cluster analysis multi-varying techniques for results evaluation. The mango beverage was evaluated displaying three different label versions in order to check if the expectation generated by different nutritional information affected consumersâ perception as to characteristics of quality, overall impression and purchasing attitude. The beverage added with pineapple juice was compared to its soy-based commercially similar in order to evaluate if information on composition, nutritional characteristics and functional claims associated with these products affect the acceptance and perception of consumers with different behavioral characteristics and personality. The formulations optimized as to acceptance should be added with the following concentrations of sugar and juice, respectively; grape beverage (37% and 7%), pineapple (35% and 7%) and mango (40% and 8%). Among the most important label attributes in the purchasing process, the illustration was the one that mostly influenced, followed by nutritional information and the term prebiotic and its functional claim. The nutritional claims displayed on the label revealed to have a positive impact over the perception of the beverage as to the characteristics of quality, overall impression and purchasing attitude, with information such as â0% lactose, 0% cholesterol and fiber-richâ and â0% lactose, 0% cholesterol and antioxidantsâ found to influence more positively consumers. Information related to the beverages made from soy and cashew nut did not influence the acceptance of flavor nor on the overall impression, nonetheless, it had a positive impact over consumersâ perception as to healthiness and the nutritious value of both, being the cashew nut kernel-based beverage perceived as more nutritious and healthier than the soy-based one. Consumersâ different characteristics as to the interest in healthy eating and food neophobia did not influence the acceptance of the beverages, their perception as healthy food and nutritious value.
Bebida prebiÃticas Ã base de amÃndoas de castanha de caju e suco de frutas Ã uma alternativa viÃvel na Ãrea de desenvolvimento de novos produtos funcionais. Assim, este trabalho objetivou desenvolver trÃs bebidas prebiÃticas Ã base de amÃndoa da castanha de caju adicionadas de suco de frutas (uva, manga e abacaxi), avaliando de que forma atributos nÃo sensoriais (externos ao produto) e caracterÃsticas comportamentais e de personalidade dos consumidores afetam a sua aceitaÃÃo. Utilizou-se um delineamento fatorial 22 do tipo composto central rotacionado para desenvolvimento das formulaÃÃes. Grupos de foco foram empregados para definiÃÃo dos atributos do rÃtulo mais importantes na decisÃo de compra do consumidor. A ilustraÃÃo, as informaÃÃes nutricionais e o termo prebiÃtico associado a sua alegaÃÃo funcional, com seus respectivos nÃveis, foram selecionados para o desenvolvimento dos rÃtulos por meio de delineamento fatorial completo do tipo 3 x 2 x 3, aplicando-se as tÃcnicas multivariadas conjoint analysis e cluster analysis para avaliaÃÃo dos resultados. A bebida de manga foi avaliada associada a trÃs versÃes do rÃtulo para verificar se a expectativa gerada por diferentes informaÃÃes nutricionais afetavam a percepÃÃo dos consumidores quanto Ãs caracterÃsticas de qualidade, impressÃo global e atitude de compra. A bebida adicionada de suco de abacaxi foi comparada frente ao seu similar comercial Ã base de soja para avaliar se informaÃÃes sobre composiÃÃo, caracterÃsticas nutricionais e alegaÃÃes funcionais associadas a estes produtos afetam a aceitaÃÃo e percepÃÃo dos consumidores com diferentes caracterÃsticas comportamentais e de personalidade. As formulaÃÃes otimizadas quanto Ã aceitaÃÃo devem ser adicionadas das seguintes concentraÃÃes de suco e aÃÃcar, respectivamente, para a bebida de uva (37% e 7%), abacaxi (35% e 7%) e manga (40% e 8%). Dentre os atributos do rÃtulo mais importantes no processo de compra, a ilustraÃÃo foi o que mais influenciou, seguido pelas informaÃÃes nutricionais e pelo termo prebiÃtico e sua alegaÃÃo funcional. As alegaÃÃes nutricionais no rÃtulo mostraram ter um impacto positivo na percepÃÃo da bebida quanto Ãs caracterÃsticas de qualidade, impressÃo global e atitude de compra, com os as informaÃÃes â0% lactose, 0% colesterol e fonte de fibrasâ e â0% lactose, 0% colesterol e antioxidantesâ influenciando mais positivamente os consumidores As informaÃÃes relacionadas Ãs bebidas de soja e castanha de caju nÃo influenciaram a aceitaÃÃo do sabor e impressÃo global, no entanto tiveram um impacto positivo na percepÃÃo dos consumidores quanto Ã saudabilidade e o valor nutritivo de ambas, sendo a bebida Ã base de amÃndoa da castanha de caju percebida como mais nutritiva e mais saudÃvel do que a bebida de soja. As diferentes caracterÃsticas dos consumidores quanto ao interesse em alimentaÃÃo saudÃvel e a neofobia alimentar nÃo tiveram influÃncia sobre a aceitaÃÃo das bebidas, a percepÃÃo de alimento saudÃvel e valor nutritivo.

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Roffeis, Martin. "Implementing Insect Production in Agricultural Value Chains: An ex-ante life cycle evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/285521.

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Résumé Une demande croissante sans cesse de produits alimentaires à base d’animaux influence la productivité des systèmes mondiaux de production alimentaire, et des mesures indispensables pour freiner la dégradation de l’environnement promettent des effets similaires. Si les scénarios de demande future peuvent être satisfaits de manière durable, cela dépend notamment de la possibilité de réduire de manière significative l'impact de l'aquaculture et de l'élevage sur l'environnement. Des recherches récentes suggèrent que l'utilisation d'aliments à base d'insectes (IBF) pourrait apporter une contribution significative à cet égard, et des arguments valables sont avancés pour soutenir cette hypothèse. Les larves de mouches, comme celles des mouches domestiques (Musca domestica) ou des mouches soldat noir (Hermetia illucens), sont en mesure de puiser des nutriments dans un large éventail de ressources organiques, y compris celles impropres à la consommation humaine. Cela crée la possibilité de convertir (et de réduire considérablement) les déchets organiques de faible valeur, tels que le fumier ou le sang animal, en protéines de haute qualité et en énergie alimentaire, qui se sont avérés appropriés pour nourrir différents poissons d'aquaculture et du bétail monogastrique.Bien que le concept IBF promet d’importants avantages et ait démontré sa faisabilité technique, il n’existe encore aucun système établi permettant de tester les avantages supposés en termes de durabilité. Dans cette thèse, nous avons essayé de surmonter cette lacune par la modélisation de tels systèmes. Notre objectif central était d'identifier les aspects influençant le potentiel d'application des IBF dans différents contextes géographiques et de définir des voies d'optimisation pour une mise en œuvre durable. En nous basant sur des données expérimentales recueillies lors d'essais d'élevage menés en Europe (Espagne et Slovaquie) et en Afrique de l'Ouest (Ghana et Mali), nous avons formulé la conception d'un ensemble de versions de systèmes améliorés élevant M. domestica et H. illucens sur différents substrats organiques de faible valeur. Les modèles de production génériques ont servi comme base d’une analyse du cycle de vie ex ante, dans laquelle nous avons exploré les performances des systèmes à l’aide d’analyse du cycle de vie environnementale (ACV) et de l’analyse des coûts du cycle de vie (ACCV).Les ACVs et ACCVs ont montré que les performances environnementales et économiques des IBF sont largement fonction de l’efficacité de conversion des systèmes, de l’organisation du processus de production (c’est-à-dire de l’apport de main-d’œuvre et d’équipements technologiques) et du contexte géographique. La combinaison de ces facteurs a fourni des avantages pour les configurations simplistes utilisées dans la production de M. domestica en Afrique occidentale tropicale dans des conditions de ponte naturelle (c'est-à-dire d'inoculation de substrat par le biais de mouches présentes à l'état naturel). L'inoculation artificielle (c'est-à-dire l'inoculation du substrat par le biais de larves nourries provenant d'une colonie d'adultes en captivité), utilisée dans la production de H. illucens en Afrique de l'Ouest et de M. domestica dans le sud de l'Espagne, a favorisé une efficacité de conversion élevée, mais a augmenté les impacts environnementaux et les coûts, parce que le système complexe et l'organisation de processus à forte intensité de main-d'œuvre ont considérablement accru les intrants de main-d'œuvre et d'infrastructures de production.Une comparaison avec des aliments conventionnels riches en protéines a mis en évidence des inconvénients environnementaux et économiques pour les modèles de production actuels des IBF, notamment en ce qui concerne les aliments végétaux (par exemple, le tourteau de soja). Les disparités entre les alimentations IBF et conventionnelles reflètent l’utilisation des capacités sub-optimaux des systèmes (effet d’économie d’échelle insuffisant), ainsi que la perte d’énergie et de biomasse le long de la chaîne trophique (producteurs autotrophes vs consommateurs hétérotrophes). Les résultats soulèvent des doutes légitimes sur les avantages en termes de durabilité d’une mise en œuvre d'insectes dans les chaînes de valeur agricoles actuelles. Le succès commercial dépend en grande partie du niveau de salaire spécifique au contexte, des prix des substrats d'élevage et de la manière dont les marchés évaluent les multiples fonctions que les insectes sont capables de fournir. S'agissant de la performance environnementale, nos résultats nous amènent à conclure que la production d'IBF ne présente aucun avantage par rapport aux aliments conventionnels.L’évaluation de systèmes de production encore hypothétiques impliquait une bonne quantité d’hypothèses et d’approximations. Étant donné ces multiples sources d'incertitude et compte tenu du fait que seul un nombre limité de conceptions de systèmes possibles sont prises en compte, les déclarations sur le potentiel d'application d'IBF n'ont aucune validité universelle et doivent être interprétées avec prudence. Cependant, nos résultats contribuent à une meilleure compréhension des facteurs influant sur le potentiel d’application des systèmes de production d’insectes et constituent un point de référence précieux pour les discussions scientifiques et les activités de recherche et développement futures visant à mettre en place des modes de production alimentaire durables.Bien que nos recherches n’apportent aucun soutien aux avantages environnementaux ou économiques supposés de l’utilisation d’insectes dans l’alimentation animale, il est possible que leur utilisation comme aliment destiné à la consommation humaine directe (c’est-à-dire comme substitut possible aux produits à base de poisson et de viande) constitue une solution durable aux problèmes actuels et futurs. Nous recommandons donc aux recherches futures de se concentrer sur les techniques permettant d'exploiter les insectes comme nourriture.
Doctorat en Sciences
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info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Eichhorn, Sven, Andreas Weber, Katrin Feig, Christoph Müller, and Detlef Krug. "Entwicklung von Qualitätshalbzeugen aus Spezialholzwerkstoffen für Anwendungen im Maschinenbau und in der Fördertechnik." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-188704.

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Es wurde ein plattenförmiges Qualitätshalbzeug aus Spezialholzwerkstoffen für den konstruktiven Einsatz im Maschinebau, mit dem Schwerpunkt Fördertechnik entwickelt. Mit diesem Halbzeug sind ökologisch vorteilhafte Konstruktionen möglich. Entwicklungsschwerpunkte waren: einstellbare, hohe absolute und spezifische mechanische Eigenschaften mit kleinen Streuungen. Die Entwicklung wurde durch verschiedene Werkstoffprüfungen von Labor- und Industriewerkstoffen begleitet und deren Ergebnisse mittels speziell erarbeitetet Bewertungskriterien evaluiert. Weiterhin wurde das Werkstoffverhalten von diversen Holzwerkstoffen unter dynamischer Belastung klassifiziert
A panel-shaped high quality semi-finished product made of special wood-based materials for structural applications in mechanical engineering, with a focus on materials handling technology, was developed. With said semi-finished product ecologically advantageous constructions are possible. Development priorities were: adjustable, high absolute and specific mechanical properties with little variation. The development was accompanied by various materials tests of laboratory and industrially manufactured materials, and their results were evaluated by specially developed evaluation criteria. Furthermore, the material behaviour of various woodbased materials under dynamic loading was classified

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Grove, Dale A. III. "Mathematical model of solid state thermo-oxidative stabilization of acrylic precursors for carbon fibers : evaluation of the properties of carbon fibers produced from melt-spun pan-based fibers." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11111.

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Andrade, Rogério Ferraz Garcia de. "Evidenciação dos gastos ambientais do ciclo de vida do produto: uma aplicação do custeio baseado em atividades na indústria eletrônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18140/tde-23042007-092343/.

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As questões ambientais são variáveis estratégicas para as organizações do século XXI, pois pressionadas pela legislação ambiental com nível de exigência crescente - exigindo responsabilidades cada vez maiores para as fases finais do ciclo de vida dos produtos - e a sociedade não mais aceitando os custos dos impactos ambientais causados pela ação industrial - as externalidades - impulsionam as empresas a melhorar o desempenho ambiental de seus produtos e processos. É neste ambiente de mudanças que se torna necessário aos gestores e àqueles que tomam decisões conhecer e evidenciar os gastos ambientais em todo o ciclo de vida dos produtos comercializados. Por estes motivos apresentados é que este trabalho trata da evidenciação dos gastos ambientais no ciclo de vida do produto através da aplicação do método de custeio baseado em atividades e subsidiada pela realização de uma pesquisa-ação em uma empresa do setor eletrônico. A escolha do setor eletrônico se deve ao fato de que ao longo dos últimos 5 anos a legislação ambiental internacional de forma impositiva obrigou as companhias a alterar a composição de produtos - pelo banimento de diversas substâncias tóxicas, e a mudar processos - instituição obrigatória de índices de reciclagem por exemplo. Toda esta revolução foi acompanhada de perto pelo pesquisador, por isso a escolha da pesquisa-ação como metodologia, pois propiciou a modelagem de uma proposta de um método para a evidenciação dos gastos ambientais em todo o ciclo de vida do produto.
The environmental questions are strategical variables for the organizations in this century, therefore pressured by the increasing requirement level of the environmental legislation - which demands more responsibilities from the final phases of the products lifecycle - and the society, which is no longer accepting the costs of environmental impacts caused by the industrial actions - the externalities -, stimulating the companies to improve their products and processes environmental performance. This changing situation is the place where managers and other decision makers are asked to know and to evidence the environmental costs in all their traded products. It is because of these reasons that this work deals with the discovery of evidences of environmental costs in products lifecycle, by means of an application of the activity-based cost method, carried out according to the action research methodology in a company of the electronic segment. The choice of the electronic segment is due to the fact that in the last five years the international environmental legislation compelled these companies to change their products composition - by means of banishment of diverse toxic substances, and also to change their processes - by means of the institution of higher recycling rates, for example. All this revolution was closely followed by the researcher. This fact can explain the choice of action research methodology, which provided the proposal of a method for the evidence discovery of environment costs in the product lifecycle.

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Casado, Frank Leonardo. "MODELO DE AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO DE EMPRESAS DE BASE TECNOLÓGICAS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8256.

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The main objective of technology-based incubators is to provide conditions for enterprises originating from research institutes and technology-intensive to be able to grow and develop until they reach the point of maturity and self-sufficiency. However, many incubators do not have strong mechanisms for monitoring and evaluating performance in the early stages of incubation for their companies. Focusing on this need is that some initiatives promoted by ANPROTEC are being implemented. Among them is the Centro de Referência para Apoio a Novos Empreendimentos CERNE [Reference Center for Support of New Projects], which is still being drawn up only at the strategic level, leaving a gap in the operational level, i.e., its practical application. Based on this gap, the research problem emerged: how to measure and evaluate the performance of technology-based firms, given their critical success factors for their development process? The problem solving lead to the need of researching a theoretical and conceptual framework for better understanding the subject, as well as the delimitation of the basis or foundation for the model, presented through the description of a standard incubation process that considers the life cycle of technology development and innovation, together with the critical success factors observed by the literature review and finally a description of the constructivist methodology of multicriteria -MCDA-C which also served as a basis for developing the model, which presents the following steps: identification of the context, diagnosis, evaluation and recommendations. To consolidate and test the model, it was applied to a technology incubator. With the application of the model it was possible to evaluate the performance of technology-based firms linked to incubators, respecting the differences in stage of development of its technologies, with the possibility of an overall assessment or a criteria assessment, allowing a better observation of the incubator. The model also allows the establishment of goals for improving individual and collective performance. Thus, the proposed model seeks to provide conditions for the manager of a technology-based incubator to be able to follow the development of its resident firms within each incubation step, thus providing conditions for setting goals and periodic evaluations of individual and collective performance. The proposed model proved to be the most appropriate because it represents a tool that has a systematic process of continuous and gradual improvement, routine, development and learning, focusing on a sustainable increase in personal and organizational performance.
As incubadoras de base tecnológica têm como seu principal objetivo fornecer condições para que empreendimentos originários de institutos de pesquisa e intensivos em tecnologia possam crescer e desenvolver-se até chegarem ao ponto de maturidade e autossuficiência. No entanto, muitas incubadoras ainda não dispõem de mecanismos fortes de acompanhamento e avaliação do desempenho nos estágios de incubação para tais empresas. Focando nessa necessidade é que algumas iniciativas promovidas pela ANPROTEC já vem sendo implementadas. Dentre elas está o Centro de Referência para Apoio a Novos Empreendimentos - CERNE, que ainda está sendo elaborado apenas em nível estratégico, deixando em branco o nível operacional do mesmo, ou seja, o de sua aplicação prática. Com base nesta lacuna, surgiu o problema de pesquisa: como medir e avaliar o desempenho de empresas de base tecnológica, considerando seus fatores críticos de sucesso durante seu processo de desenvolvimento? Na solução deste problema mostrou-se necessário o levantamento de uma base teórica e conceitual para melhor conhecimento por parte do autor acerca do tema, bem como a delimitação das bases ou fundamentação para o modelo, apresentado através da descrição de um processo padrão de incubação que considera o ciclo de vida do desenvolvimento da tecnologia ou inovação, juntamente com os fatores críticos de sucesso observados pela revisão de literatura e finalmente uma descrição da metodologia de multicritério construtivista- MCDA-C que também serviu como base para a elaboração do modelo, que apresenta os seguintes passos: identificação do contexto, diagnóstico, avaliação e recomendações. Para consolidação e teste do modelo, o mesmo foi aplicado numa incubadora tecnológica. Assim, com a aplicação do modelo foi possível avaliar o desempenho de empresas de base tecnológica ligadas às incubadoras, respeitando as diferenças de estágio do desenvolvimento de suas tecnologias, podendo ainda ser observada a avaliação global, ou por critérios, permitindo uma melhor visualização por parte da gerência da incubadora. O modelo permite ainda o estabelecimento de metas para melhoria de desempenho individual e coletivo. Assim, o modelo proposto busca oferecer condições para que o gerente de uma incubadora de base tecnológica possa acompanhar o desenvolvimento de suas empresas residentes dentro de cada etapa de incubação, proporcionando assim condições para estabelecimento de metas e avaliações periódicas de desempenho individual e coletivo. O modelo proposto mostrou-se o mais adequado por constituir-se de uma ferramenta que possui um processo sistemático de melhoria contínua, gradual, e de rotina, de desenvolvimento e aprendizagem, com foco em um aumento sustentável dos desempenhos pessoais e organizacionais.

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Tecklenburg, Gerhard. "Design of body assemblies with distributed tasks under the support of parametric associative design (PAD)." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/5809.

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This investigation identifies how CAD models of typical automotive body assemblies could be defined to allow a continuous optimisation of the number of iterations required for the final design and the number of variants on the basis of Parametric Associative Design (PAD) and how methodologies for the development of surfaces, parts and assemblies of the automotive body can be represented and structured for a multiple re-use in a collaborative environment of concept phase of a Product Evolution (Formation) Process (PEP). The standardisation of optimised processes and methodologies and the enhanced interaction between all parties involved in product development could lead to improve product quality and reduce development time and hence expenses. The fundamental principles of PAD, the particular methodologies used in automotive body design and the principles of methodical development and design in general are investigated. The role which automotive body engineers play throughout the activities of the PEP is also investigated. The distribution of design work in concept teams of automotive body development and important methodologies for the design of prismatic profile areas is critically analysed. To address the role and distribution of work, 25 group work projects were carried out in cooperation with the automotive industry. Large assemblies of the automotive bodies were developed. The requirements for distributed design work have been identified and improved. The results of the investigation point towards a file based, well structured administration of a concept design, with a zone based approach. The investigation was extended to the process chain of sections, which are used for development of surfaces, parts and assemblies. Important methods were developed, optimised and validated with regard to an update safe re-use of 3D zone based CAD models instead of 2D sections. The thesis presents a thorough description of the research undertaken, details the experimental results and provides a comprehensive analysis of them. Finally it proposes a unique methodology to a zone based approach with a clearly defined process chain of sections for an update-safe re-use of design models.

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Zháňalová, Lucie. "Analýza trhu a konkurence s nealkoholickými nápoji." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-222178.

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The master’s thesis on the topic “Market analysis and competition on the soft drinks market” describes current situation on the market, its structure with the focus on existing competition, it put the accent on the evaluation of the strategy applied by the strongest undertaking on the market, examines a describes distribution channels and analyse the market demand for products including its estimation of the trend in the future. This thesis results from theoretical resources as are general analysis used for the purpose of the market studies oriented on business sector as well as common environment and its own functioning and the thesis is based on the competitive strategy defined by M.E. Porter. Further the thesis is dealing with data resources and methods of data handling, including data collection, classification, segmentation and its following evaluation. Master´s thesis is the guideline for the market analysis and decisions concerning entering new markets and among others gives the answers to the questions concerned the actual situation on the market and subjects that are operation on the market.

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Wu, Yangsheng. "Wet-processing of low-protein hard winter wheat flour to improve its breadmaking potential." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27601.

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Sun, Yu-Cheng Du, and 杜孫玉成. "The Study on Products Water Footprints Evaluation of Baking Industry—Case Study the Baked Goods of Mind Farm Bakery." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/qvp48b.

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碩士
國立臺東大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
103
Abstract In recent years, the water footprints have become an important issue which is eager to explore the important measure target of water resources. The ways of evaluation were received considerable attention. Three typical models which were divided into green water footprints、blue water footprints and grey water footprints, according to national or regional waters consumption during production processes corresponding to the relevant type. Enhance to achieve the efficient uses of water resource. In this study, use the baking workshop as study subject to explore the definition of baking industry and evaluate multiple water footprints and examine to view its feasibility. In this thesis, Case study on attached baking workshop of The Mind Farm Center for Individual with Mental Disabilities, Tai-Tung., with interviews and observation methods, from the production point to estimate the amount of water during the production of baked goods. The definition and measurement of this study presents the results of feasibility can be used for water resource administrators’ reference.

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Alves, Tiago Miguel Laureano. "Benchmark-based software product quality evaluation." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/20454.

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Tese de doutoramento em Informática
Two main problems have been hindering the adoption of source code metrics for quality evaluation in industry: (i) the difficulty in doing a qualitative interpretation of measurements; and (ii) the inability of summarizing measurements into a single meaningful value that captures quality at the level of overall system. This dissertation proposes an approach based on two methods to solve these problems using thresholds derived from an industrial benchmark. The first method categorizes measurements into different risk areas using risk thresholds. These thresholds are derived by aggregating different metric distributions while preserving their statistical properties. The second method enables the assignment of ratings to systems, for a given scale, using rating thresholds. These thresholds are calibrated such that it is possible to distinguish systems based on their metric distribution. For each rating, these thresholds set the maximum amount of code that is allowed in all risk categories. Empirical and industrial studies provide evidence of the usefulness of the approach. The empirical study shows that ratings for a new test adequacy metric can be used to predict bug solving efficiency. The industrial case details the quality analysis and evaluation of two space-domain simulators.
A adoção na indústria do uso de métricas de código fonte para a avaliação de qualidade tem sido dificultada por dois problemas: (i) pela dificuldade em interpretar métricas de forma qualitativa; e (ii) pela impossibilidade de agregar métricas num valor único que capture de forma fiel a qualidade do sistema como um todo. Esta dissertação propõe uma solução para estes problemas utilizando dois métodos que usam valores-limite derivados de um benchmark industrial. O primeiro método caracteriza medições em diferentes áreas de risco através de valores-limite de risco. Estes valores-limite são derivados através da agregação das distribuições de métricas preservando as suas propriedades estatísticas. O segundo método, dada uma escala, permite atribuir uma classificação a sistemas de software, usando valores-limite de classificação. Estes valores-limite são calibrados para permitir diferenciar sistemas baseada na distribuição de métricas definindo, para cada classificação, a quantidade máxima de código permissível nas categorias de risco. Dois estudos evidenciam os resultados desta abordagem. No estudo empírico mostra-se que as classificações atribuídas para uma nova métrica de teste podem ser usadas para prever a eficiência na resolução de erros. No estudo industrial detalha-se a avaliação e análise de qualidade de dois simuladores usados para missões no espaço.

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XIAO, NA. "a goal based view of product evaluation." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/6208.

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Understanding how consumers evaluate products is of great interest to market researchers. Different approaches focus on how consumers compare, combine or process attributes (Bettman, Luce and Payne 1998, 2008; Chen and Chaiken 1999; Cohen, Fishbein and Ahtola 1972). While attribute evaluation is clearly central to these approaches, what makes particular product attributes influential to consumers’ overall evaluation of the product is not entirely clear. One of the central goals of the current work is to examine why certain product attributes are appealing or unappealing, and to explore the implications of this for product evaluation research, including work on choice and persuasion, and more focused investigations on the role of trivial attributes. I structure this framework around two broad issues: First, I suggest that product evaluation is based on an attribute’s ability to fulfill a particular goal. Furthermore, I examine the specific processes by which activated goals influence the role of product features on the evaluation of the product itself. Specifically, I suggest that goals are more likely to influence the impact of product attributes on product evaluation when goals are activated and perceived to fit with the product. Second, I focus on three product related features within the consumption environment that are likely to activate certain goals, especially extra-consumption goals (i.e. goals that are not directly relevant to the function of the product, but that may nevertheless exert an important influence on product evaluation). Those aspects include the context in which the product is evaluated (e.g. choosing between multiple products versus evaluating an individual product), product category associations (e.g. fair trade and coffee), and even specific features of the product being evaluated (e.g. shampoo with “eco-friendly” ingredients). These aspects can activate goals that influence the role of the product’s specific features on overall evaluation.
Thesis (Ph.D, Management) -- Queen's University, 2010-11-29 16:55:13.751

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Lin, Ya-lan, and 林雅嵐. "A Model of Product Evaluation- Based on AHP Approach." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5gxy59.

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碩士
朝陽科技大學
企業管理系碩士班
94
Economic globalization and technological advancement have been making a significant impact on consumer behaviors. In the global economy, customers are able to purchase products through various means (e-mail, EDM, MSN, etc.) from various places all over the world. Consequently, the way in which customers make their choices when buying a product is worth pursuing. Researchers have suggested that customers evaluate a product according to its value. Accordingly, great emphasis has been laid on the relationships between the factors of consumers’ product evaluation and the decisions made in purchases. The comparative importance among those factors has been overlooked, if not unaddressed. This study thus aims at filling such a gap and at modeling the hierarchical structure of factors involved in evaluating products of different categories. This thesis consists of three studies. Study 1 sorts out the target products for investigation by means of questionnaires. Study 2, a qualitative research, is a combination of literature review and interview. 8 experts, among whom are scholars, marketing staff and consumers, are interviewed for comments to construct a complete model of product evaluation. Study 3, a quantitative research, investigates the comparative priority of factors for product evaluation by means of questionnaires. A pool of 175 consumers and 34 marketing personnel forms the base for statistical analysis to test if there exists any conceptual discrepancy between consumers and companies. Our research results indicate that consumers are most concerned with the choosing value (e.g. reference group, task definition, budget, etc.), the restrictions (e.g. product knowledge, time pressure), and budget when evaluating the products. In addition, the factors of choosing value and WOM, i.e. word-of-mouth, are found to be significant in three categories of products, i.e. shopping, specialty, and convenience goods. By contrast, ‘warranty’ is concerned the most in evaluating shopping goods and specialty goods, whereas ‘time pressure’ outweighs other factors in evaluating convenience goods. Conceptual discrepancy is founded between consumers and experts—consumers consider the product value from the factors of choosing value, but the experts consider the product value from the factors of providing value (e.g. warranty, price, quality, etc.). The thesis is concluded by acknowledging three limitations faced with the present study and by suggesting three directions for future studies.

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HUANG, JING-KAI, and 黃靖凱. "Value Evaluation of Eco-Products from Consumer's Viewpoint Based on Circular Economy." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e89647.

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碩士
銘傳大學
商品設計學系創新設計與管理碩士班
106
Many countries have begun to pay attention to the consumption of the earth resources and the importance of environmental protection. Moreover, some companies begin to bring the concept of circular economy into the company's product development system and begin to invest heavily in the development and design of environmental products. However, most of companies just consider whether the product is made of the ecological material in the production and sales phases, while ignoring the other damages to the environment. Therefore, this study mainly discusses the circular economy system when consumers buy environmental friendly products, and to explore consumers’ consideration of environmental friendly products they bought. This study consists two parts. The first part is to construct and test the factors of environmental protection product design by referring to relevant literature discussion. Reliability analysis of the questionnaire is applied. In the second part, the author selects the environment-friendly furniture that conformed to the connotation of environment-friendly products through the literature discussion while conducts the formal questionnaire survey with Likert scale. In this study, environmental design criteria are included to explore the circular economic factors which influencing consumers' purchasing factors for environmental products. This study illustrates the significant correlation between environment-friendly product variables and consumers’ purchasing decision factors through ANOVA and T-test. Eventually, the results of this study can provide design guidelines for companies and designers to understand the value of the consumers’ purchasing factors to environmental-friendly products and improve the product value in the circular economy.

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Long, Solida. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Indole Alkaloid Derivatives Based on Natural Products." Tese, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/120965.

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Long, Solida. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Indole Alkaloid Derivatives Based on Natural Products." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/120965.

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Wei, Shi-Yang, and 魏士仰. "Approach of Ontology-based New Product Development Support Collaborative Partner Evaluation." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18507727368764575825.

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碩士
明志科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所
102
In the procedure of collaborative new product development, it will be able to solve many decision problems and bring enterprise sustainable competitive advantage if we effectively utilize, integrate and share knowledge of product and process. Therefore, the use of knowledge management approach to managing enterprise long accumulated experience and knowledge is necessary. Ontology, a core technology of Semantic Web, is often used in knowledge management. If we use ontology to describe the new product development process and product related knowledge, it will help to solve decision problems. We propose an approach of ontology-based new product development support collaborative partner evaluation. First, translating processes and metrics of Design Chain Operations Reference-model (DCOR) to Ontology Web Language(OWL). Second, using Semantic Web Rule Language(SWRL) and SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language(SPARQL) to inference and fetch knowledge. Finally, using Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation(FCE) and considering five collaboration related metrics to evaluate collaborative partner. Approach we present will help enterprise to integrate process knowledge, product knowledge and other resource to evaluate collaborative partner in new product development phase.

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Lin, Chen-Yu, and 林真妤. "A Similarity Based Approach to the Design and Evaluation for the Surprise of Products." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ekny8e.

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碩士
國立臺北科技大學
創新設計研究所
99
Metaphor is a common design approach that can be used to create product differentiation in order to bring surprise to people. Based on structure mapping theory（SMT）, this thesis aims to integrate the local culture features into the development of culture creative products with higher surprise. The factors of product surprise are concluded by means of the statistical analysis on the results of 36 subjects’ questionnaires, and are transformed into a method for evaluating the product surprise. This method is applied to two projects using the metaphorical design based on SMT. The results shows that the factors which is affected the surprise of product can be concluded as the followings：（1）the similarity of attribute and structure mapping between target and source （2）the subjective familiarity with the target and source （3）the difference between the perceived product categories at first time and the later. To sum up, the design guidelines are drawn for developing products with surprise.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Baked products – Evaluation'

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