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Journal articles on the topic 'Bakelite'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 3 March 2023

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1

Bhopi, R. R., and M. Sinha. "An Experimental Study of concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Bakelite Waste." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1032, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1032/1/012040.

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Abstract Bakelite is a industrial waste produce in manufacturing process like in Auto Industries etc. Nowadays the waste increases rapidly because of these modern living and thus creates a waste management problem. It is necessary to overcome such waste related problem in a meaningful manner. The purpose of this study is to find whether the Bakelite gives us that much Compressive strength as compared to conventional M25 grade concrete by replacing fine aggregate with Bakelite waste. So, this research examines the utilization of waste Bakelite in concrete with varying percentage like 0%,17%,20%30%,40%,50%,60% and 70%. Different percentages of Bakelite are added and tests like the slump cone test, compaction factor test were conducted to investigate the fresh properties like workability and compression test were performed to find out the 7, 14 and 28 days compressive strength. It is found that the replacement of fine aggregate with Bakelite can be done up to 20% without compromising the compressive strength of the M25 grade concrete.

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2

Singh, Kiran, and Neeraj Kumar. "Experimental Study on The Effect of Waste Bakelite Plastic as Coarse Aggregate in The Building Blocks." Journal of Futuristic Sciences and Applications 2, no. 2 (2019): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/jfsa.221907.

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Bakelite is difficult to dispose of and harmful to the environment and the general public's health due to its plastic makeup. In an effort to address this kind of issue, numerous scholars have been working to transform salvage Bakelite into a useful building material. In addition to creating challenging jobs, the utilisation of waste plastic in the construction sector improves the functionality of building materials. In this study, discarded Bakelite is used as a partial substitute for coarse aggregate in the construction sector. Its properties, durability, and assimilation into different types of building materials are discussed. Paver Blocks and Solid Blocks were made out of waste bakelite, and several tests were conducted to determine how strong and durable they were in contrast to other building materials. The test results showed that Paver block replacement can achieve an ideal compressive strength of 8% and solid block replacement with waste bakelite may attain a compressive strength of 35%. As a result, recycling unused bakelite will aid in waste management and give the construction industry access to a beneficial resource.

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3

Ali, Yousaf, Muhammad Hussain, Kashif Riaz, Adnan Yousaf, Rana Faisal Tufail, Yogeshwar V. Navandar, Ashraf Mahmud Rayed, and Syed Mustafa Ali Shah. "Investigation of Effect of Bakelite on Mechanical Properties of Hot Mix Asphalt Mixes - A Full Factorial Design Experiment." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 33, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 993–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2021-33(4)-21.

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In Pakistan, mostly flexible pavements are constructed which have a higher susceptibility to rutting, moisture damage and stripping. Under current economic conditions, one such solution to overcome this is the addition of economical and locally available additives in the bitumen being produced by our refineries. This study investigates the effects of bakelite as an additive on various mechanical properties. Bakelite is a high-density plastic, cost-effective and locally available material. The modified Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) specimens were prepared with (2%,4%,6%,8%,10%,12%) Bakelite by weight of optimum binder content found using Marshall Mix design. Performance tests, including Marshall Stability and flow. Retained stability and Resilient Modulus tests were performed to check the performance of modified mixes. The test results revealed that a modified mix containing 6% Bakelite by weight of optimum bitumen content provides the best resistance against moisture damage, rutting and enhancing the HMA mix's stability than the other modifier percentages. The Marshall stability and quotient values of the modified mix increased by almost 22% and 44% respectively. The results showed an increase of 3.5% in the tensile strength ratio indicating an increase in the capability of HMA to resist moisture-induced damage and strength retention. The resilient modulus test was then performed under different conditions, i.e., bakelite (0% & 6%), temperature (25˚C &40˚C) and load duration (100 ms & 300 ms) and analyzed by full factorial design experiment. The factorial analysis showed that Bakelite content is the most significant factor affecting the MR and, ultimately, the strength of the HMA mix. The Resilient modulus test results showed a 20% increase for the modified mix containing 6% Bakelite as compared to the conventional mix. Therefore, it is concluded that the addition of bakelite as an additive in hot mix asphalt mixes gives better results regarding pavement performance.

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4

Gupta, Gyandeep, and Mr Rajneesh. "Partial Use of Bakelite Powder in Concrete Structures as an Alternative to Natural Sand." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 680–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46707.

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Abstract: As we know that construction is a very important and basic part of development. In todays scenario every developed or developing are more focused in developing their infrastructure , which should be aesthetically beautiful, durable ,last but but not least Economical also. Specially in India which is a developing nation is going through lots of infrastructure development needs a durable and also economical construction materials specially sand, cement and concrete.so in this project more focus is on making the construction more cheaper and affordable to all the classes of society.so in this we have used Bakelite powder as adultrent in concrete to check its effect on its durability and effectiveness.as Bakelite is a thermoplastic material. It can not be reused to manufacture a modern products, so therefore it is either dumped or burnt both are which are harmful to the environment. As we have seen that influence of water on Bakelite best determined by oxidisabilty of the material and presence of phenol in water, so as if Bakelite powder is dumped in water it causes very serious sewage problem, so using Bakelite partial in place of sand may be a another way of treating problem of both construction and disposal of Bakelite. We have encountered problems in digging sand illegally like dregeing the sand from river beds and lakes which causing the thinning of rivers and lakes, this also leads to various environmental problems .

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5

Khan, Muhammad Asghar, Rehman Akhtar, and Abdur Rehman Babar. "Optimization of High-Pressure Laminate Manufacturing Process by Taguchi Method." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Applications 7, no. 04 (August 30, 2021): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.46593/ijaera.2021.v07i04.001.

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The manufacturing process of High-Pressure Laminates was investigated using a strong optimization tool, the Taguchi method. High pressure laminates consist of various types. Each type has specific manufacturing process and uses. One of the utmost and crucial types of High-Pressure Laminate is Electrical Bakelite Sheet or industrial grade sheet. Electrical Bakelite Sheet is mainly used in Transformer as an insulated material. The Taguchi method was used to enhance the quality of the product and optimized the manufacturing process of Electrical Bakelite Sheet. Baking Time, Temperature, Resin Content, Pressure and Volatile Content are factors of industrial grade sheet manufacturing process and responses of these factors are electrical Insulation and thickness. Optimal value of these factors for the process are obtained through Taguchi method and found experimentally. As a result, the Taguchi technique is used to explore the effects of various electrical Bakelite Sheet parameters on responses such as electrical insulation and thickness. Pressure, Temperature, Volatile Content, Resin Content, and Baking Time are the factors which should be considered for the experiment. The Taguchi L27 orthogonal array is used for testing. The significant factors for responses of the electrical Bakelite Sheet are identified using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Determination of the significant factors value resulted in best achieving yield of the product.

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6

Usahanunth, Nopagon, Waranon Kongsong, Seree Tuprakay, Sirawan Ruangchuay Tuprakay, Suppachai Sinthaworn, and Sathian Charoenrien. "The Mechanical Properties Study of Waste Bakelite Aggregate Concrete." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 570–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.570.

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This paper focuses on industrial thermosetting plastic waste reduction by recycling as the material for natural coarse aggregate replacement in concrete. This substitution of aggregate is an integration approach to preserve the natural resources and environment as well as develop the alternative recycled aggregate material to meet 3R principle and sustainable development. Bakelite waste is prohibited from disposing of sanitary landfill and direct burning because of hazardous disposal and emission reasons .There are many studies of plastic aggregate to substitute natural coarse aggregate especially PET and PE aggregate. However, there is no study of Waste Bakelite Aggregate (WBA) mixed in concrete in Thailand. This study aim is investigating the mechanical properties of Waste Bakelite Aggregate Concrete (WBAC) compare to conventional concrete (CC).The methodology is based on an experimental program by testing of concrete specimens. The data obtained from sample test according to BS standard. These test results present compressive strength of all samples both CC and WBAC. The relationship charts between mechanical properties and the waste Bakelite aggregate replacement percentage will be illustrated including the compressive strength predictable equation model. Furthermore, the chemical extraction test of waste Bakelite aggregate concrete and the durability of WBAC are notified for the utilization. WBAC is an alternative material that can be applied to the non-structural concrete product to replace the natural aggregate and helpful in waste plastic pollution mitigation.

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7

Qu, Yuan Fang, Guang Jun Yang, Xiao Lei Li, and Wei Bing Ma. "Study of Graphite/Bakelite/BaTiO₃-Based PTC Ceramics Composite." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.345.

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The influence of grahtite and bakelite content of Graphite/Bakelite/BaTiO3-based PTC ceramic composite on their properties was studied. It was found that the composite's room- temperature resistivity was decreased and the PTC intensity was assured. This method offered a new way to solving the problem of high room-temperature resistivity of the BaTiO3-based PTC ceramic.

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8

Ahmad, Maqsood, Muhammad Javaid, Muhammad Saeed, and Chahn Yong Jung. "Valency-based molecular descriptors of Bakelite network BNmn$B\text N_{m}^{n}$." Open Chemistry 17, no. 1 (September 25, 2019): 663–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0081.

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AbstractBakelite network $BN_{m}^{n}$is a molecular graph of bakelite, a pioneering and revolutionary synthetic polymer (Thermosetting Plastic) and regarded as the material of a thousand uses. In this paper, we aim to compute various degree-based topological indices of a molecular graph of bakelite network $BN_{m}^{n}$. These molecular descriptors play a fundamental role in QSPR/QSAR studies in describing the chemical and physical properties of Bakelite network $BN_{m}^{n}$. We computed atom-bond connectivity ABC its fourth version ABC4 geometric arithmetic GA its fifth version GA5 Narumi-Katayama, sum-connectivity and Sanskruti indices, first, second, modified and augmented Zagreb indices, inverse and general Randic’ indices, symmetric division, harmonic and inverse sum indices of $BN_{m}^{n}$.

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9

Banowati, Lies, Wisnu Adi Prasetyo, and Devi M. Gunara. "ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KEKUATAN TARIK ORIENTASI UNIDIRECTIONAL 0 DAN 90 PADA STRUKTUR KOMPOSIT SERAT MENDONG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN EPOKSI BAKELITE EPR 174." INFOMATEK 19, no. 2 (December 22, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23969/infomatek.v19i2.627.

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Mendong merupakan tanaman budidaya yang memiliki potensi ekonomis yang cukup baik tidak hanya sebagai produk tradisional dalam bentuk kerajinan, namun dapat dijadikan bahan baku komposit serat alam. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik mekanik komposit Mendong/Epoksi BAKELITE EPR 174, yaitu komposit dengan penguat serat mendong yang sudah dilakukan treatment alkali dan matriks Epoksi BAKELITE EPR 174. Metode manufaktur komposit menggunakan hand lay up. Pengujian kekuatan tarik spesimen komposit menggunakan ASTM D 3039/D 3039M dengan arah orientasi serat Unidirectional 0° dan 90°. Selanjutnya data hasil uji dianalisis menggunakan Distribusi Weibull untuk mengetahui keandalan komposit. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai keandalan komposit Mendong/ Epoksi BAKELITE EPR 174 Unidirectional 00 pada 90% dan 50% masing-masing sebesar 20,7 MPa dan 26,8 MPa , sedangkan pada Unidirectional 900 sebesar 0,11 MPa dan 0,36 MPa.

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10

Chopra, Avani, Sandeep Singh, Abhishek Kanoungo, Gurpreet Singh, Naveen Kumar Gupta, Shubham Sharma, Sanjeev Kumar Joshi, and Sayed M. Eldin. "Multi‑objective optimization of nitrile rubber and thermosets modified bituminous mix using desirability approach." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 21, 2023): e0281418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281418.

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A variety of materials, including waste and rubber products, have been used in road construction to improve the performance of bituminous pavements. The present investigation is focused on modifying bitumen using Nitrile rubber (NBR) with different thermosets namely Bakelite (B), Furan Resin (FR), and Epoxy resin (ER). The emphasis of the problem is to arrive at a mix to achieve maximum Marshall Stability (MS) and minimum flow value of Modified Bituminous Concrete. Taguchi DOE technique has been used to design the experiments using Minitab software. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multi-objective optimization has been performed using the desirability approach in Design expert software. ANOVA analysis predicts that NBR, B, ER, and FR are the major significant parameters for Marshall Stability (MS) and Flow Value (FV). It has also been analyzed from SEM and EDS images of modified bitumen that sample S1 (5% NBR, 10% Bakelite, 10% FR, 2.5% ER) has a fine surface with small pores as compared to sample S34 (10% NBR, 0% Bakelite 10% FR, 2.5% ER). Multi-optimization results suggested the optimal conditions are achieved at NBR-7.6%, Bakelite-4.8%, FR-2.5%, and ER-2.6% for MS and FV. The maximum MS is 14.84 KN and the minimum FV is 2.84 mm is obtained using optimum conditions. To validate the optimization results, the confirmation runs have been conducted, and obtained results are within 5% error with optimal conditions.

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11

Bespala, E. V., M. V. Antonenko, Yu R. Bespala, V. N. Kotov, and I. Yu Novoselov. "Study of irradiated graphite-bakelite paste." Nuclear Materials and Energy 27 (June 2021): 101018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2021.101018.

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12

Zhang, Qingmin, Yifang Wang, Jiawen Zhang, Zhe Ning, Jin Chen, and Weiping Niu. "Bakelite RPCs for Digital Hadron Calorimeter." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 654, no. 1 (October 2011): 300–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.06.074.

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13

Egilman, David. "The Production of Corporate Research to Manufacture Doubt About the Health Hazards of Products: An Overview of the Exponent Bakelite® Simulation Study." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 28, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291118765485.

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Although corporate sponsorship of research does not necessarily lead to biased results, in some industries, it has resulted in the publication of inaccurate and misleading data. Some companies have hired scientific consulting firms to retrospectively calculate exposures to hazardous products during use that are no longer manufactured or sold. As an example, this paper reviews one such study—a litigation-generated study of Union Carbide Corporation’s asbestos-containing product, Bakelite®. This analysis is based on previously secret documents, produced as a result of litigation. The study generated asbestos fiber exposure measurements which resulted in underestimates of actual exposures to create doubt about the hazards associated with manufacture and manipulation of Bakelite®.

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14

Bednarikova, Vendula, David Jech, Lenka Klakurková, Ladislav Čelko, and Daniel Holemý. "Structure and Properties of Bakelite Bonded Grinding Wheels." Defect and Diffusion Forum 405 (November 2020): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.405.139.

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The composition of each grinding wheel depends on the specific application, and nowadays, there are many types of grinding wheels on the market. Bakelite bonded grinding wheels are fast becoming the standard choice for grinding and finishing processes in automotive, aerospace and other special fields of industry. Increasing requirements on higher quality and lifetime push manufacture to continuous research and development in this field. From that reason, it is necessary to characterize the structure and properties of already produced commercial grinding tools. In this contribution, two in chemical composition identical bakelite bonded grinding wheels with different properties were studied. Processing parameter like compression force is the main factor resulting in either hard grinding wheel for machining soft materials or soft grinding wheel for machining hard materials. The main components of both grinding wheels are abrasive particles of brown alumina (Al2O3) and two bonding agents based on synthetic rubber and bakelite. In addition, grinding wheels contain additives, e.g. vulcanization accelerators, fillers etc. to improve functional properties of grinding wheel. Fractures and metallographic samples morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Porosity of grinding wheels was estimated using image analysis. Hardness of binder and abrasive brown alumina particles was measured by Rockwell hardness test.

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15

Butenko, V. I., O. S. Dolgov, D. S. Durov, and B. B. Safoklov. "Improving Cutting Wheels with a Bakelite Matrix." Russian Engineering Research 42, no. 5 (May 2022): 464–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x22050082.

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16

Ćwiok, M., W. Dominik, M. Górski, and J. Królikowski. "Bakelite chambers for time-of-flight measurements." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 433, no. 1-2 (August 1999): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00302-2.

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17

Wolff, Raffael, Katharina Ehrmann, Patrick Knaack, Konstanze Seidler, Christian Gorsche, Thomas Koch, Jürgen Stampfl, and Robert Liska. "Photo-chemically induced polycondensation of a pure phenolic resin for additive manufacturing." Polymer Chemistry 13, no. 6 (2022): 768–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py01665b.

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Additive manufacturing of phenolic resins as a proof-of-concept for the first photo-chemical induced polycondensation by Hot Lithography. Through the dual use of a photoacidgenerator, the first pure 3D printing of Bakelite© is investigated.

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18

Durgam, Shankar. "Computational cooling performance of electronic chips on printed circuit boards." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2312, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2312/1/012071.

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Abstract Effect of cooling performance of heated modules resembling integrated circuit (IC) chips on printed circuit boards (PCBs) under natural and forced convection is investigated. Commercially available four different types of substrate materials viz. silica glass, glass epoxy FR4, bakelite, and copper-clad board (CCB) is used for the simulation study. Natural and forced convection cooling scenarios are used for thermal performance with a power input of 7.5 W and 15 W for heaters equipped on a substrate. The main motive of this work is to present and compare thermal performance of heated modules on different substrate materials. Results of FR4 and bakelite with a power input of 7.5 under natural convection are compared with forced convection results at Re = 500 for the same power input. The results show that copper clad boards give a better cooling performance in natural convection scenarios for both the power inputs of 7.5 W and 15 W.

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19

Anderson, Kevin J. "Bakelite: 80 Years Since the First Synthetic Resin." MRS Bulletin 14, no. 7 (July 1989): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400062242.

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20

Qiu, Jian Hui, Yang Zhao, Taku Yamamoto, and Guo Hong Zhang. "Study on Direct-Weld between Bakelite and Aluminum." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 457–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.457.

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Recently in electronic and automobile industry, polymer materials were selected to replace metals in many products because of miniaturization and weight reduction. So the weld between polymers and metals became very important. Currently, the ways were limited to adhesive joint or the mechanical weld which both had obvious defects. In this paper, the direct-welding methods were studied and the welds based on compress-molding were viable and useful. The welding strength enhanced because the reaction between polymers and modified metals were confirmed.

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21

Bertolin, A., R. Brugnera, A. Candela, A. Cazes, G. Corradi, M. D’Incecco, F. Dal Corso, et al. "Long term performances of OPERA bakelite RPC system." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 661 (January 2012): S60—S63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.08.090.

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22

Arnaldi, R., A. Baldit, V. Barret, N. Bastid, G. Blanchard, E. Chiavassa, P. Cortese, et al. "Influence of temperature and humidity on bakelite resistivity." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 456, no. 1-2 (December 2000): 140–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)00979-7.

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23

Croitoru, Cătălin. "1000 at 1000: the lightest bakelite and beyond." Journal of Materials Science 55, no. 33 (July 8, 2020): 15637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-020-05038-y.

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24

Khudobin, L. V., S. M. Mikhailin, A. N. Unyanin, and N. I. Vetkasov. "Effectiveness of composite grinding wheels with bakelite binder." Russian Engineering Research 33, no. 2 (February 2013): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x1302007x.

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25

Nandi, Shyamapada, Jens Rother, Debanjan Chakraborty, Rahul Maity, Ulrike Werner-Zwanziger, and Ramanathan Vaidhyanathan. "Exceptionally stable Bakelite-type polymers for efficient pre-combustion CO2capture and H2purification." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5, no. 18 (2017): 8431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ta01979c.

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Pre-combustion CO₂capture enables cleaner energy production from fossils. This involves separation of CO₂from high pressure CO₂/H₂mixtures. Here we show high working capacity for such separation from Bakelite-type porous polymers.

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Majumdar, N., S. Mukhopadhyay, P. Bhattacharya, S. Biswas, S. Bhattacharya, S. Saha, and S. Chattopadhyay. "A numerical study on surface asperities in bakelite-RPC." Journal of Instrumentation 7, no. 11 (November 28, 2012): P11027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/7/11/p11027.

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27

Altieri, S., G. Belli, G. Bruno, R. Guida, M. Merlo, S. P. Ratti, C. Riccardi, et al. "The bakelite for the RPCs of the experiment CMS." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 456, no. 1-2 (December 2000): 132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(00)01055-x.

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28

Biswas, S., S. Bhattacharya, S. Bose, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Saha, and Y. P. Viyogi. "Development of linseed oil-free bakelite resistive plate chambers." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 604, no. 1-2 (June 2009): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.01.106.

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29

Carboni, G., S. De Capua, D. Domenici, G. Ganis, R. Messi, G. Passaleva, E. Santovetti, and M. Veltri. "An extensive aging study of bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 518, no. 1-2 (February 2004): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2003.10.030.

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30

Petrovski, Željko, Mateus P. Moreira, Andreia F. M. Santos, Sunny K. S. Freitas, Noémi Jordão, Renata A. Maia, Ana V. M. Nunes, Luis C. Branco, Hugo Cruz, and Pierre M. Esteves. "Ferrocene-Based Porous Organic Polymer (FPOP): Synthesis, Characterization and an Electrochemical Study." Electrochem 3, no. 1 (February 27, 2022): 184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electrochem3010011.

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Ferrocene-based porous organic polymers (FPOPs) were prepared from phenol-formaldehyde polymer (Bakelite) and phenol as starting materials; and two possible mechanisms for polymerization were discussed. Solid-state 13C CP-MAS NMR, FTIR, powder XRD, elemental analysis and ICP (Fe, Na, B) were performed to characterize the prepared materials. The two synthetic approaches produced polymers with different pore sizes: the FPOP synthesized through Bakelite presented a higher surface area (52 m2 g−1) when compared to the one obtained by the bottom-up polymerization from phenol (only 5 m2 g−1). Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the thermal stability of the material, which decomposed at 350 °C. Furthermore, cyclic voltammetry (CV) of the new FPOP on modified electrodes, in ACN and 0.1 M TBAP as an electrolyte, showed fully reversible electron transfer, which is similar to that observed for the ferrocene probe dissolved in the same electrolyte. As a proof-of-concept for an electrochromic device, this novel material was also tested, with a color change detected between yellow/brownish coloration (reduced form) and green/blue coloration (oxidized form). The new hybrid FPOP seems very promising for material science, energy storage and electrochromic applications, as well as for plastic degradation.

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31

Suprapedi, Muljadi, Priyo Sardjono, and Ramlan Ramlan. "The Effect of Milling Time on Physical Properties, Magnetic Properties and Microstructure of Bonded Magnet BaFe₁₂O₁₉." Key Engineering Materials 855 (July 2020): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.855.34.

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A bonded permanent magnet of Barium hexa Ferrite has been made using powder BaFe12O19 (commercial ferrite) and a polymer of bakelite powder as binder. The composition of bakelite was varried 5% wt. The preparation of sample was begun with mass weighing for each material, then mixed together using ball mill for 1, 6 and 12 hours and using aquades as milling media. The mixed powder is dried in an oven at 110 °C for 4 hours, then the particle size distribution was measured. After that, the dried sample powder was pressed to form a pellet at pressure 40 MPa and temperature about 160 °C for 20 minutes. The characterization of sample pellet was done such as measurement of bulk density, hardness , magnetic properties using VSM and anylisis of microstructure using SEM. The results of the characterization show that the density and magnetic properties tend to increase with increasing of milling time, where the highest density, hardness and highest magnetic properties are achieved at sample with milling time for 12 hours. The value of magnetic properties at this condition are flux magnetic of 530 Gauss, remenance of 3100 Gauss, coercivity of 1,10 kOe.

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32

Kopić, Miloš, Tiana Milović, Bojan Matić, Stanislav Jovanović, and Milan Marinković. "Optimum Fluid Content in Pavement Cold In-Place Recycling Containing Waste Materials." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 13, 2022): 16691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416691.

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The planning of road infrastructure undergoes major changes, especially in terms of sustainable development. Recycling of pavement structures involves the reuse of materials from existing pavement structures due to its timesaving and environmental benefits, as well as cost reduction. According to the recycling temperature, recycling can be hot and cold. This paper deals with cold in-place recycling and the determination of the optimum fluid content for by-product materials in mixtures compared with one containing natural zeolite. The content of bitumen emulsion and cement—which are the most used materials so far in cold recycling along with foam bitumen—was replaced with fly ash, slag or natural zeolite, and bakelite, respectively, while recycled asphalt pavement from Serbia (Žabalj) was used. Six different mixtures were made. The mixture with the addition of fly ash had the highest optimum fluid content (7.6%) compared with all test mixtures. Mixtures with slag, natural zeolite, and bakelite were in the range of a mixture containing 2% cement. Furthermore, the mixture with 3% cement had the lowest optimum fluid content (5.7%) in comparison to all the mixtures that were tested.

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33

Surendranath, Arigela, and P. V. Ramana. "Valorization of bakelite plastic waste aimed at auxiliary comprehensive concrete." Construction and Building Materials 325 (March 2022): 126851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.126851.

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IINO, Makoto, Hitoshi ISHIKAWA, Muneyoshi NAKAGAWA, Daisuke TSUDA, and Hirotaka SAKAUE. "1402 Aerodynamic Heating Measurement Using Bakelite based Temperature Sensor Model." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2014 (2014): _1402–1_—_1402–2_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2014._1402-1_.

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Dai, T., L. Han, S. Hou, M. Liu, Q. Li, H. Song, L. Xia, and Z. Zhang. "Low resistance bakelite RPC study for high rate working capability." Journal of Instrumentation 9, no. 11 (November 19, 2014): C11013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/9/11/c11013.

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K. J., Anoop, and Kanchana K. "Characterization of electrical trees in Bakelite insulator by fractal analysis." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 25, no. 10 (August 1, 2014): 2472–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.1975.

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Crespy, Daniel, Marianne Bozonnet, and Martin Meier. "100 Years of Bakelite, the Material of a 1000 Uses." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 47, no. 18 (April 21, 2008): 3322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200704281.

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Shiroya, M., R. Ganai, Z. Ahammed, and S. Chattopadhyay. "Charge measurement of oil-free single gap Bakelite Resistive Plate Chamber." Journal of Instrumentation 14, no. 08 (August 7, 2019): P08007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/08/p08007.

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39

Kumar, A., A. Gaur, Md Hasbuddin, P. Kumar, P. Kumar, D. Kaur, S. Mishra, and Md Naimuddin. "Study of RPC bakelite electrodes and detector performance for INO-ICAL." Journal of Instrumentation 9, no. 10 (October 30, 2014): C10042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/9/10/c10042.

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40

Bruni, F., G. Hull, and S. M. Mari. "Effect of temperature on bakelite properties used for standard RPC chambers." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 158 (August 2006): 182–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.07.008.

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41

Ganai, R., M. Mondal, Z. Ahammed, and S. Chattopadhyay. "Timing studies of oil-free bakelite multi-gap resistive plate chamber." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 936 (August 2019): 505–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.10.141.

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42

Bartoli, B., P. Bernardini, X. J. Bi, P. Branchini, A. Budano, P. Camarri, Z. Cao, et al. "Intrinsic linearity of bakelite Resistive Plate Chambers operated in streamer mode." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 947 (December 2019): 162746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162746.

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43

Biswas, S., S. Bhattacharya, S. Bose, S. Chattopadhyay, S. Saha, and Y. P. Viyogi. "Study of timing properties of single gap high-resistive bakelite RPC." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 617, no. 1-3 (May 2010): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2009.06.076.

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Tailor, Giriraj, Sarvesh Kumar Shailesh, Jyoti Chaudhary, and Suhail Afzal. "Synthesis, Structure and Thermal Analysis of Silver Nanoparticles using Bakelite Composite." Asian Journal of Chemistry 30, no. 3 (2018): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2018.20851.

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Rybakiewicz, L., and D. Sokolowsk. "Tests of thermal insulation properties of bakelite and glass-epoxy composite." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1507 (April 2020): 062013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1507/6/062013.

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46

Mikhailin, S. M., A. I. Kapustin, and S. V. Zhdanov. "Microwave technology in the production of abrasive tools with Bakelite binder." Russian Engineering Research 28, no. 10 (October 2008): 977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x08100122.

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47

Dhunna, Renu, Rita Khanna, Irshad Mansuri, and Veena Sahajwalla. "Recycling Waste Bakelite as an Alternative Carbon Resource for Ironmaking Applications." ISIJ International 54, no. 3 (2014): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.54.613.

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Rani, Anita, Omkar K. Choudhari, Sonam Spalgais, Umesh Chandra Ojha, and Ramesh Singh Pal. "A Case of Unilateral Vocal Cord Palsy due to Bakelite Exposure." Indian Journal of Chest Diseases and Allied Sciences 63, no. 1 (November 18, 2022): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/ijcdas-63-1-33.

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49

Ferretti, A., M. Abbrescia, G. Aielli, G. Alberghi, M. C. Arena, M. Barroso, L. Benussi, et al. "Studies on tetrafluoropropene-CO₂ based gas mixtures for the resistive plate chambers of the ALICE Muon IDentifier." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 08 (August 1, 2022): C08024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/08/c08024.

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Abstract Due to their simplicity and comparatively low cost, Resistive Plate Chambers are gaseous detectors widely used in high-energy and cosmic rays physics when large detection areas are needed. However, the best gaseous mixtures are currently based on tetrafluoroethane, which has the undesirable characteristic of a large Global Warming Potential (GWP) of about 1400 and because of this, it is currently being phased out from industrial use. As a possible replacement, tetrafluoropropene (which has a GWP close to 1) has been taken into account. Since tetrafluoropropene is more electronegative than tetrafluoroethane, it has to be diluted with gases with a lower attachment coefficient in order to maintain the operating voltage close to 10 kV. One of the main candidates for this role is carbon dioxide. In order to ascertain the feasibility and the performance of tetrafluoropropene-CO2 based mixtures, an R&D program is being carried out in the ALICE collaboration, which employs an array of 72 Bakelite RPCs (Muon Identifier, MID) to identify muons. Different proportions of tetrafluoropropene and CO2, with the addition of small quantities of isobutane and sulphur hexafluoride, have been tested with 50 × 50 cm2 RPC prototypes with 2 mm wide gas gap and 2 mm thick Bakelite electrodes. In the presentation, results from tests with cosmic rays will be presented, together with data concerning the current drawn by a RPC exposed to the gamma-ray flux of the Gamma Irradiation Facility (GIF) at CERN.

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Bjørge, Joachim Søreng, Amalie Gunnarshaug, Torgrim Log, and Maria-Monika Metallinou. "Study of Industrial Grade Thermal Insulation as Passive Fire Protection up to 1200 °C." Safety 4, no. 3 (September 19, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety4030041.

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It has recently been demonstrated that 50 mm thick industrial grade thermal insulation may serve as passive fire protection of jet fire exposed thick walled steel distillation columns. The present study investigates the performance of thermal insulation in conjunction to 3 mm, 6 mm, 12 mm and 16 mm steel walls, i.e., where the wall represents less heat sink, when exposed to 350 kW/m2 heat load. Regardless of the tested steel plate thicknesses, about 10 min passed before a nearly linear steel temperature increase versus time was observed. Thereafter, the thinnest plates systematically showed a faster temperature increase than the thickest plates confirming the wall heat sink effect. To study thermal insulation sintering, 50 mm thermal insulation cubes were heat treated (30 min holding time) at temperatures up to 1100 °C. No clear sign of melting was observed, but sintering resulted in 25% shrinkage at 1100 °C. Thermogravimetric analysis to 1300 °C revealed mass loss peaks due to anti-dusting material at 250 °C and Bakelite binder at 460 °C. No significant mass change occurred above 1000 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry to 1300 °C revealed endothermic processes related to the anti-dusting material and Bakelite mass losses, as well as a conspicuous endothermic peak at 1220 °C. This peak is most likely due to melting. The endothermic processes involved when heating the thermal insulation may to a large part explain the 10 min delay in steel plate temperature increase during fire testing. Overall, the tested thermal insulation performed surprisingly well also for protecting the thin steel plates.

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