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Kreutz, Cristiane. "Avaliação do consumo e das potencialidades de reuso da água de processo em uma agroindústria de vegetais." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2006. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/390.
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Previous issue date: 2006-10-03O crescimento populacional e o consumo excessivo dos diversos segmentos da sociedade acarretam um incremento direto na demanda de água. A minimização e a conservação da água é hoje um importante fator para o desenvolvimento industrial, em decorrência da escassez do recurso. Neste trabalho, buscou-se identificar e avaliar a possibilidade de reúso da água de processo na COOPERATIVA AGROINDUSTRIAL LAR Unidade Industrial de Vegetais. Foram avaliadas as linhas de produção de milho enlatado e brócolis congelado. A etapa experimental consistiu em elaborar fluxogramas dos processos industriais envolvidos, identificar e estimar a demanda de água nos pontos de consumo, realizar balanço de massa dos produtos e insumos envolvidos e realizar coletas de amostras dos pontos com potencialidades de reúso. Os principais resultados indicaram, para o brócolis, um consumo de 33,11 kg de água / kg de matéria-prima e para o milho enlatado 4,35 kg de água / kg de matéria-prima e 3,03 kg de água / kg de matéria-prima, considerando o reúso já praticado. Foram identificadas três etapas que apresentam potencialidade de reúso de água, das quais duas apresentaram viabilidade técnica, estimando-se assim, uma redução no consumo de água limpa de até 76,7 % para a linha de milho enlatado.
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El, Hajj Ahmad. "Nouveaux concepts d’élaboration de la pyrazolidine par la méthode Raschig et par voie indirecte, en transitant par la 1 et 2-pyrazoline, suivie d’une hydrogénation catalytique : synthèses et modélisations cinétiques, équilibres entre phases et schémas de procédés." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10354.
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Ce travail, effectué dans le cadre d'une convention de recherche avec la Société ISOCHEM, a pour objectif la mise au point d'un nouveau procédé de synthèse de la pyrazolidine par la voie Raschig directe et par voie indirecte, en transitant par la 1 et 2-pyrazoline, suivie d'une hydrogénation catalytique. Cette hydrazine suscite un grand intérêt en raison de ses nombreuses applications dans l'industrie pharmaceutique et des cosmétiques. Cette thèse a été financée par le Centre National de Recherche Scientifique dans le cadre d'une bourse doctorale ingénieure/PED. La première partie est consacrée à l'étude du procédé Raschig direct qui résulte de l'action de l'hypochlorite de sodium sur un excès d'amine. La définition du process a nécessité la détermination des cinétiques et des mécanismes réactionnels afin de déterminer les rendements, les temps de séjour et de simuler numériquement l'ensemble des opérations de synthèse. Les conditions d'extraction ont été établies en exploitant les particularismes des équilibres entre phases impliqués afin d'élaborer le flow-sheet correspondant. La seconde partie est relative à la voie indirecte. Elle est basée sur l'élaboration de la 1- pyrazoline par une double déshydrohalogénation du N,N-dichloro-1,3 diaminopropane. La pyrazolidine est ensuite obtenue par hydrogénation catalytique du groupe azo. Un modèle global d'élaboration de la pyrazolidine a été établi qui nous a permis de déterminer les conditions optimales et de définir les segments synthèses et extractions ainsi que les différentes opérations unitaires du procédé ainsi que les bilans matière et énergieThis work, conducted as part of a research agreement with the Company ISOCHEM, aims to develop a new synthesis of pyrazolidine by the raschig method and by indirect way via 1 and 2-pyrazoline followed by catalytic hydrogenation. This hydrazine is very important, because of its many applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This thesis was funded by the National Center for Scientific Research as part of a doctoral fellowship engineer / PED. The first part is devoted to the study of the direct Raschig process resulting from the action of sodium hypochlorite in an excess of amine. The definition of the process involved the determination of the kinetic and reaction mechanisms to determine yields, residence time and to simulate numerically the overall operations of synthesis. The extraction conditions were established by exploiting the peculiarities of the phase equilibria in order to developed the flow-sheet. The second part relates to the indirect way. It is based on the synthesis of the 1 pyrazoline by double dehydrohalogenation of N,N-dichloro-1,3-diaminopropane. The pyrazolidine is then obtained by catalytic hydrogenation of the azo group. A global model for developing the pyrazolidine was established which allowed us to determine the optimum conditions and to identify segments syntheses and extractions as well as various unit operations of the process and the mass and energy balances
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MAIA, FERNANDO NEVES DA COSTA. "A HISTORY OF THE CONCEPT BALANCE OF POWER." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29400@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Esta tese apresenta uma história do conceito balance of power. Com base na abordagem Begriffsgeschichte, busca-se compreender como um dado espaço de experiência e um dado horizonte de expectativas foram constituídos através desse conceito. O argumento está organizado em duas partes. Na primeira o objetivo é compreender a emergência desse conceito em meio à crise que se seguiu à desagregação da ordem medieval. É possível identificar neste período aquilo que pode ser chamado de corolário anti-imperial. Essa dimensão axiológica precisa ser considerada nessa história como referência para o surgimento desse conceito no vocabulário político. Na segunda parte será examinada a fixação desse termo na linguagem internacional corrente. Um elemento que contribuiu para isso e que será examinado foi a existência de uma sociabilidade comercial como parte do mundo político. Além disso, essa fixação traz consigo um corolário conservador que se relaciona a uma concepção específica de funcionamento da política internacional. Por fim, os capítulos dessa parte apresentarão uma discussão sobre o componente temporal de balance of power com especial destaque para a afirmação de que esse conceito funciona como um regulador ontológico da história. Do ponto de vista temporal, o argumento desta tese lida com um período que vai, basicamente, dos séculos XIII ao século XIX.
This dissertation aims at offering a history of the concept balance of power. Drawing on the Begriffsgeschichte, I will try to understand how a given space of experience and a given horizon of expectations have been constituted through this concept. The argument is divided into two parts. In the first part the aim is to understand how the concept emerged out of the collapse of the Medieval order. It is possible to identify in this period what will be called an anti-imperial corollary. This very axiological dimension needs to be contemplated as a reference to the appearance of this term in the political lexicon. In the second part the fixation of the concept in the current international language will be examined. An element that brought about this process and that will be analysed was the presence of a commercial sociability as part of the political realm. Furthermore, the fixation is related to a conservative corollary which elicits a specific conception of the functioning of international politics. Last but not least, the chapters in this part will present a discussion of the temporal dimension of balance of power with special attention to the claim that this concept works as an ontological regulator of history. From the temporal point of view, the argument of this dissertation deals with a period that goes from the 13th to the 19th century.
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Keersmaekers, Hendrik. "Institutionalizing the balance : trade objectives and environmental concerns :." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27457.
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The interrelationship between trade objectives and environmental concerns lies at the heart of this research. After describing different trade regimes and environmental protection agreements, and offering the general framework of international law in which the trade-environment-development debate takes place, this thesis elaborates on the structures of international institutional authority that have been created through these trade regimes, environmental protection agreements and development organizations. A review of the existing international organizations will show us their strong points, usefulness and weaknesses, and will bring us to the statement of the necessity of new institutional authority in order to more effectively address the trade-environment-development issues at stake. On the one hand, the idea of a newly created Global Environmental Institution would highly improve the institutional potential in this debate, but is likely not a realistic option in the international arena of today. On the other hand, the option of institutional improvement and betterment of the existing international structures is more realistically feasible, and possibly the only way to achieve New Institutional Authority in the area of trade and environment today.
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Peterson, Gustav. "Sizing and Balance Module Development for Aircraft Conceptual Design." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Management and Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9999.
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This thesis work was done in order to improve the capabilities in a preliminary aircraft analysis program, DIBA, at Saab Aerosystems. The areas that this was done are in the sizing and balance. One sizing tool was developed in order to make a performance analysis with the DIBA generated geometry and customer and/or regulation based criteria. A balance diagram, a neutral point estimation function, a landing gear plot and a trim program was created in order to extend the weight and balance analysis.
Results show that various aircraft both military and civil can be analyzed with good comparison to other analysis and reality. For example EXCEL implemented analysis and graphs over real aircrafts shown in the report.
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Spanier, Claire Marie. "Managing multiple identities a qualitative study of nurses and implications for work-family balance /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05242007-142716/.
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Keersmaekers, Hendrik. "Institutionalizing the balance, trade objectives and environmental concerns : towards new institutional authority." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29832.pdf.
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Yang, Yuchen. "Transformer Shielding Technique for Common Mode Noise Reduction in Switch Mode Power Supplies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49263.
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Switch mode power supplies are widely used in different applications. High efficiency and high power density are two driving forces for power supply systems. However, high dv/dt and di/dt in switch mode power supplies will cause severe EMI noise issue. In a typical front-end converter, the EMI filter usually occupies 1/3 to 1/4 volume of total converter. Hence, reducing the EMI noise of power converter can help reduce the volume of EMI filter and improving the total power density of the converter.
For off-line switch mode power supplies, DM noise is dominated by PFC converter. CM noise is a more complicated issue. It is contributed by both PFC converter and DC/DC converter. While many researches have focused on reducing CM noise for PFC converter, the CM noise of DC/DC converter still remains a challenge. The main objective of this thesis is provide a solution to have best CM noise reduction for DC/DC converters. The shielding concept and balance concept are combined to propose a novel balance double shielding technique. This method can have an effective CM noise reduction in the circuit level. In addition it is easy to design and implement in the real production. The balance condition is easily controlled and guarantees effective CM noise reduction in mass production. Then, a novel one-layer shielding method for PCB winding transformer is provided. This shielding technique can block CM noise from primary side and also cancel the CM noise from secondary side. In addition, shielding does not increase the loss of converter too much. Furthermore, this shielding technique can be applied to matrix transformer structure. For matrix transformer LLC converter, the inter-winding capacitor is very large and will cause severe CM noise problem. By adding shielding layer, CM noise has been greatly reduced. In addition, by modifying the secondary winding, the loss on shielding layer is minimized and experiments show that the total efficiency of converter has almost no impact.
Furthermore, although this thesis uses flyback and LLC resonant converter as example to demonstrate the concept, the novel shielding technique can also be applied to other topologies that have similar transformer structure.Master of Science
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Mendes, Arthur Galego. "Central bank balance sheet concerns and credible optimal escape from the Liquidity trap." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/11285.
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I show that when a central bank is financially independent from the treasury and has balance sheet concerns, an increase in the size or a change in the composition of the central bank's balance sheet (quantitative easing) can serve as a commitment device in a liquidity trap scenario. In particular, when the short-term interest rate is up against the zero lower bound, an open market operation by the central bank that involves purchases of long-term bonds can help mitigate the deation and a large negative output gap under a discretionary equilibrium. This is because such an open market operation provides an incentive to the central bank to keep interest rates low in future in order to avoid losses in its balance sheet.
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Ohlsén, Tina. ""It´s a matter of balance and harmony" : the Ayurvedic concept of health and illness." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 1996. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-47.
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This paper reviews selected work, published between 1944 and 1995, on the subject of Ayurveda. The aim of the review was to explore the ethnohistory of Ayurveda and the attached concept of health and illness, out of a transcultural perspective. Ayurveda is a medical tradition practiced throughout South Asia. It is founded upon Sanskrit texts dating back more than two thousand years. Its ancient fundamental health ideas and practices still persists. Ayurveda offers not only a complete different way of understanding health and illness, but also different forms of treatment. The Ayurvedic view of health is synergistic and multifaceted concept of balance and harmony within the organism (mind, body and soul) as well as within the universal system the organism is a part. Disturbance of the harmony on a level, causes sickness. Ayurvedic doctrine emphasizes the importance of promotion of health and prevention of sickness. The key to good health is a regulated daily life. Factors like personal hygien and conduct, work, sleep, rest, diet and physical exercise has to be regulated and individually adjusted. South Asian countries, often has a pluralistic medical system, in which Ayurvedic health care is one option among many. The Ayurvedic medical system is an important provider of modern health care in South Asia.
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Melo, Renata Pereira de. "Nursing outcome fluid balance in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery: concept analysis and construction of operational definitions." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7755.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThis PhD dissertation aimed to review the concept of the nursing outcome Fluid Balance from the Nursing Outcome Classification (NOC) in postoperative patients who underwent cardiac surgery, and develop operational definitions. For so, a concept analysis was carried out according to the Walker and Avant Model (2005), using the integrative review for searching. It was developed from October to December/2010, based on the leading questions: Which indicators allow the body fluid volume assessment on the postoperative period of cardiac surgery? How these indicators are defined and how could they be evaluated? Which features or values are indicative of normal and altered body fluid volume on the postoperative period of cardiac surgery? Water electrolyte balance, thoracic surgery, and postoperative period were used as searching descriptors. The sample consisted of articles which answered at least one of the searching question(s); with full text available through Portal da CAPES, the University of Iowa electronic system, or the interlibrary loan service; in Portuguese, English, or Spanish. Editorials, letters to the editor, qualitative studies, case report studies, proceedings, duplicate articles, and animal research were excluded. The identified works were submitted to a four step evaluation, which resulted on the selection of 48 articles (CINAHL: 12; PubMed: 12; Scopus: 21; Lilacs: 3). Predominated the narrative reviews, cohort, and descriptive studies (level of evidence IV and VI). From the analysis, 14 indicators were identified, plus the 23 present on the Fluid Balance NOC outcome. The integrative review had a limited contribution for the operational definitions construction, mainly due to the nature of the concept of interest. The concept analysis highlighted the attributes: solvent and/or solute movement (active or passive) through semi-permeable membranes and between physiological compartments; effective regulation by homeostatic mechanisms (gradient between hydrostatic and coloidosmotic pressure, electroneutrality, and neurohormonal mechanisms); and maintenance of compartments concentration and volume. The case model represented a healthy individual, with hormonal and fluid compartments control functions preserved, whereas the contrary cases opposed the attributes partially. The borderline cases consisted of morbid situations in which alterations occurred in at most two attributes. The antecedents of fluid balance corresponded to organic, behavioral, and/or environmental conditions that opposed to those listed for the unbalance, or even their absence. The consequences of unbalance encompassed the estates of fluid deficit or excess, as well as the related concepts of hydration, electrolyte balance (sodium) and systemic (volemia) and local (tissue) perfusion. The consequence of balance consisted of the fluid homeostasis or the absence of consequences of unbalance while the empirical referents corresponded to the indicators. The concept analysis allowed its scope delimitation and identify which parameters assure its presence or even its alteration (unbalance). It encompasses the electrolyte balance, perfusion, and hydration phenomena and is beyond the simple measurement and control of fluid intake and output. As initial validity phase of the nursing outcome, it requires the development of experts and clinical research.
Esta tese teve o objetivo de revisar o conceito do resultado de enfermagem EquilÃbrio HÃdrico da Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) em pacientes no pÃs-operatÃrio de cirurgia cardÃaca e desenvolver definiÃÃes operacionais. Para isso, realizou-se anÃlise do conceito, segundo o modelo de Walker e Avant (2005), utilizando a revisÃo integrativa para busca. A mesma foi empreendida de outubro a dezembro/2010, com base nas questÃes norteadoras: que indicadores permitem a avaliaÃÃo do volume de lÃquidos corporais no perÃodo pÃs-operatÃrio de cirurgia cardÃaca? Como esses indicadores sÃo definidos e como podem ser avaliados? Quais as caracterÃsticas ou valores indicativos de normalidade e de alteraÃÃo no volume de lÃquidos corporais, no perÃodo pÃs-operatÃrio de cirurgia cardÃaca? Para busca, utilizaram-se os descritores equilÃbrio hidroeletrolÃtico, cirurgia torÃcica e perÃodo pÃs-operatÃrio. A amostra foi composta por artigos que contemplassem pelo menos uma das questÃes norteadoras; com resumo disponÃvel; texto completo acessÃvel pelo Portal da CAPES, pelo sistema eletrÃnico da University of Iowa ou pelo sistema de comutaÃÃo; em portuguÃs, inglÃs ou espanhol. Foram excluÃdos os editoriais, cartas ao editor, estudos reflexivos, relatos de experiÃncia, anais de eventos, produÃÃes duplicadas e pesquisas com animais. ApÃs o levantamento, as produÃÃes foram submetidas a quatro etapas de avaliaÃÃo, que resultaram na seleÃÃo de 48 artigos (CINAHL: 12; PubMed: 12; Scopus: 21; Lilacs: 3). Destacaram-se os estudos de revisÃo narrativa, coorte e descritivos (nÃvel de evidÃncia IV e VI). A partir da anÃlise, identificaram-se quatorze indicadores, alÃm dos vinte e trÃs presentes no resultado EquilÃbrio HÃdrico da NOC. A revisÃo integrativa teve contribuiÃÃo limitada para a construÃÃo das definiÃÃes operacionais, sobretudo devido à natureza do conceito de interesse. A anÃlise do conceito evidenciou os atributos: movimento de solvente e/ou soluto (ativo ou passivo) atravÃs de membranas semi-permeÃveis e entre compartimentos fisiolÃgicos; regulaÃÃo efetiva por mecanismos homeostÃticos (gradiente entre a pressÃo hidrostÃtica e coloidosmÃtica, eletroneutralidade e mecanismos neuro-hormonais); e manutenÃÃo da concentraÃÃo e do volume dos compartimentos. O caso modelo refletiu indivÃduo saudÃvel, com funÃÃes hormonais e de controle dos compartimentos hÃdricos preservadas, enquanto os casos contrÃrios se opuseram aos atributos apenas em parte. Os casos limÃtrofes compreenderam as situaÃÃes mÃrbidas, nas quais ocorrem alteraÃÃo de, no mÃximo, dois atributos. Os antecedentes do EquilÃbrio HÃdrico corresponderam Ãs condiÃÃes orgÃnicas, comportamentais e/ou ambientais que se opunham Ãquelas listadas para o desequilÃbrio, ou mesmo sua ausÃncia. Os consequentes do desequilÃbrio abrangeram os estados de dÃficit e excesso de lÃquidos, bem como os conceitos relacionados de hidrataÃÃo, equilÃbrio eletrolÃtico (sÃdio) e perfusÃo, tanto sistÃmica (volemia) quando localizada (tecidual). Jà o consequente do equilÃbrio consistiu na homeostase hÃdrica ou na ausÃncia dos consequentes de desequilÃbrio, enquanto os referentes empÃricos corresponderam aos indicadores. A anÃlise do conceito permitiu delimitar seu escopo e identificar quais parÃmetros asseguram sua presenÃa ou mesmo sua alteraÃÃo (desequilÃbrio). O mesmo engloba os fenÃmenos de equilÃbrio eletrolÃtico, perfusÃo e hidrataÃÃo e està alÃm da simples mensuraÃÃo e controle das perdas e ganhos de lÃquidos. Como fase inicial da validaÃÃo do resultado de enfermagem, requer o desenvolvimento de pesquisa com experts e clÃnica.
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Levy, Pierre Antoine François. "Sports administration: an examination of the competitive balance concept through european and brazilian domestic soccer leagues comparison." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8734.
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The issue of Competitive Balance (CB) is a major theme of the economics of professional sports in the United States and Europe. Many researches were made to establish the most relevant criteria when evaluating the competitiveness of professional soccer leagues. This research analyzed the relevance of CB as determinant of competitiveness comparing with the Brazilian soccer league with 9 major leagues in Europe (Belgium, England, Germany, Netherlands, France, Italy, Portugal, Scotland, and Spain). Competitiveness is the ability of a firm (a club) or an industry to face effective or potential competition. The measure of competitiveness should take into consideration a number of significant factors such as quality and value for money, human resources management and business organization. This work is aimed at demonstrating that while uncertainty of outcome have been long considered as a positive factor of attractiveness/fan interest in sports, a balanced league might have a negligible not say negative effects on soccer leagues’ long-term competitiveness. The results showed that increasing CB might be relevant for weakest leagues(Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal, Scotland) but not for the top G5 (Germany, Spain, France, England, Italy). Consequently, CB should be contemplated as a negligible variable when considering soccer leagues’ competitiveness despite the growing interest for the concept in literature. Mainly based on the researches of Dell´Osso and Symanski (1991) and Oughton and Michie (2004), the HHI index (Herfindahl-Hirschman) has been used to determine the level of concentration of the 11 soccer leagues studied. A thorough literature review on sports and soccer administration throughout the world was performed.
A questão do Equilíbrio Competitivo é um tema importante da economia dos esportes profissionais nos Estados Unidos e na Europa. Muitas pesquisas foram feitas para estabelecer os critérios mais relevantes para avaliar a competitividade das ligas profissionais de futebol. Esta pesquisa analisou a relevância do Equilíbrio Competitivo como determinante da competitividade comparando o Brasileirão Série A com as nove principais ligas na Europa (Bélgica, Inglaterra, Alemanha, Holanda, França, Itália, Portugal, Escócia e Espanha). A competitividade é a capacidade de uma empresa (um clube) ou de uma indústria de enfrentar a concorrência efetiva ou potencial. A medida da competitividade deve levar em consideração uma série de fatores importantes como a qualidade e a relação qualidade/preço, a gestão de recursos humanos e a organização empresarial. Esse trabalho visa demonstrar que, apesar da incerteza do resultado ter sido considerado por muito tempo como um fator positivo de atratividade/interesse dos fãs nos esportes, um campeonato equilibrado poderia ter um efeito insignificante, para não dizer desprezível sobre a competitividade das ligas de futebol a longo prazo. Os resultados mostraram que o aumento do Equilíbrio Competitivo pode ser relevante para os campeonatos mais fracos (Bélgica, Holanda, Portugal, Escócia), mas nao dos cincos melhores (Alemanha, Espanha, França, Inglaterra, Itália). Consequentemente, o Equilíbrio Competitivo deve ser contemplado como uma variável desprezível quanto à competitividade das ligas de futebol, apesar do interesse crescente pelo conceito na literatura. Baseado principalmente em pesquisas de Dell'Osso e Symanski (1991) e de Oughton e Michie (2004), o índice HHI (Herfindahl-Hirschman) tem sido utilizado para determinar o nível de concentração de 11 ligas de futebol estudadas. Uma revisão da literatura sobre administração de futebol e esportes foi realizada.
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Le, Vernoy Alexandre. "Water, trade & geography : three essays on the concept of virtual water." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0080.
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Cette dissertation est une contribution à la littérature récente sur le concept d’eau virtuelle. Le concept est une métaphore du contenu en eau du commerce. Ainsi, cette thèse est également une contribution au sujet académique du contenu factoriel du commerce et de l’évaluation de ces déterminants. Par définition, l’eau virtuelle est la quantité d’eau nécessaire à la production d’un bien ou d’un service. Nous montrons que pour prendre en compte la totalité des effets de ce concept, il est important de s’intéresser à ses aspects commerciaux et d’établir des fondements théoriques solides avant toute mise en œuvre politique. Pour se faire, nous analysons la réaction des flux de commerce mondial à la distribution inégale des ressources en eau entre les pays. Grâce à une démarche empirique éprouvée nous apportons la preuve que nous seulement les dotations en eau mais également les différences de productivité de l’eau entre pays sont des déterminants significatifs de la direction et de l’intensité du commerce international. Ensuite, nous montrons que les flux d’eau virtuelle sont bien expliqués par le modèle canonique de gravité. Théoriquement d’une part, nous dérivons un modèle qui permet de montrer l’existence d’un lien de causalité entre les exportations bilatérales d’eau virtuelle et les dotations en eau des partenaires d’une part et une série de caractéristiques ayant trait à la façon dont l’eau est utilisée par les exportateurs. Les idiosyncrasies dans l’usage de l’eau telles que les habitudes de gestion et les caractéristiques climatiques et géographiques sont des facteurs-clé d’explication de la direction et de l’intensité des flux d’eau virtuelleThis dissertation is a contribution to the recent literature on the concept of virtual water. The concept stands as a metaphor for the water content of trade. Hence, this thesis is also a contribution to the academic topic of the factor content of trade and the evaluation of the determinants of its pattern. We look at how international trade responds to the uneven distribution of water supplies among countries. Through an empirical methodology we provide evidence that both water endowments and water productivities are significant determinants of international trade. It means that water-abundant countries will tend to export more of relatively water-intensive goods. Then, we show that virtual water flows are well explained by the canonical workhorse model of gravity. Theoretically first, we were able to derive a model that relates bilateral virtual water exports to each partner’s water endowments and to several countries’ water characteristics. Water idiosyncrasies and managerial habits stand as key-factors shaping virtual water flows. Most remarkably, we underline the idea that enhanced virtual water exports are significantly affected by regional trade integration and by the fact that country-pairs share a common river-basin. The concept of hyper-basin integrating this two-fold characteristic is further enhancing bilateral virtual water flows among nations. We also report that the more a country is water-dependent from foreign water resources, the less this country is exporting virtual water. But, this deterring factor of dependence maybe curbed through enhanced bilateral cooperation programs over the water resource
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Gomez, Wichtendahl Carla C. "Biodiversity Offsets in a Public Lands Context: A Romantic Concept or a Practical Tool to Balance Economic Development and Biodiversity Conservation Goals?" Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37090.
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Economic development through the exploitation of natural resources has led to biodiversity loss among other environmental issues around the world. The use of biodiversity offsets to balance economic development and biodiversity conservation goals has significantly increased during the last three decades. A recent report of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) released in December of 2016 identified at least 56 countries with laws or policies requiring the use of these types of instruments worldwide. There are over 100 biodiversity offset programs operating in countries such as United States of America, France, New Zealand, Mexico, Australia and others, which are injecting over 3 USD billion per year into the world’s economy.
Experiences of different jurisdictions indicate that biodiversity offsets can become a promising tool in addressing the biodiversity loss issue in their territories. Canada and some of its provinces such as Alberta and British Columbia, which have important oil and gas sectors, and are home to important wildlife species, have been part of the biodiversity offsets debate, and have been exploring their use.
This research derives from the observation that although some of the international biodiversity offset experiences have been vastly studied, there is little experience analyzing the legal challenges of implementing biodiversity offset systems, including biodiversity banks (a type of biodiversity offset that creates biodiversity markets) on public lands.
The very nature of public land, where multiple users may simultaneously access the land and conduct a variety of potentially incompatible activities, can create extra legal challenges with respect to the implementation of biodiversity offsets.
Through an Alberta-focused case study, the thesis explores the characteristics that a planning and legal framework of a province with a majority of public lands would need to have in order to support the use of biodiversity offsets and a biodiversity banking system. It also identifies and analyzes the legal issues and challenges of implementing long lasting biodiversity offsets in that context.
Under the system studied by this dissertation, the main users of Alberta’s public forests (forest operators and oil and gas developers) become the biodiversity bankers or suppliers, and buyers of biodiversity credits, respectively.
This thesis is therefore a contribution to knowledge about how biodiversity offsets, specifically biodiversity banks, can be applied on provincial public lands, used by multiple users. It focuses on the legal frameworks, property right issues, permanence, and additionality needed for a potential biodiversity banking system for a province such as Alberta.
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Maziero, Lucia Teresinha Peixe. "Aplicação do conceito do metodo da linha de balanço no planejamento de obras repetitivas." Florianópolis, 1990. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/75687.
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O Método da Linha de Balanço é utilizado no planejamento, programação e controle de obras repetitivas. A presente dissertação visa propor uma metodologia de aplicação do Método da Linha de Balanço que fornece melhorias no planejamento e realização da obra. Esta metodologia é desenvolvida através da determinação das principais variáveis de estudo. Observa-se a variação dos recursos necessários à execução da obra e do tempo de conclusão da mesma, através de diversas combinações entre as variáveis. Conclui, de acordo com os estudos de casos, que a menor necessidade de recursos é obtida quando se trabalha com duração das operações grandes, equipes de tamanho pequeno, forma de rede linear e ritmos de trabalhos elevados.
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Bošková, Markéta. "Motivace a spokojenost zaměstnanců ve vybrané organizaci." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162727.
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The aim of the diploma thesis is to evaluate the motivation and satisfaction of employees in a selected company. The thesis is divided into two parts -- theoretical and practical. First, the thesis defines the theoretical concept of motivation and satisfaction and defines a projective method called Colour Association Technique (CAT) from the concept of Balance Management. The practical part of the thesis presents the company where the research was done. Further methodology of research is presented in this part. In the methodology of research a questionnaire survey was chosen. A questionnaire survey focused on 7 areas of motivation and satisfaction covering 25 study-factors. Further, individual interviews were held with a selected sample of employees, and the projective method mentioned was used. The main body of the practical part consists of an evaluation of the results using all research methods. Individual results are compared and in conclusion recommendations for improving the current situation in the company are suggested. These final recommendations may become a basis for the future development of an optimal motivation program, which the company has not yet implemented.
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Ďurčová, Ivana. "Concept for Motivational System Change in a Selected Company." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-356995.
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Hlavním cílem této diplomové práce je navrhnout změnu motivačního systému ve Společnosti XY v konkrétním sídle v Amsterdamu v Nizozemí. Na základě teoretického základu motivačních teorií, údajů získaných kvalitativním a kvantitativním výzkumem byl navržen návrh motivačního systému s cílem zlepšit motivaci a pracovní spokojenost zaměstnanců.
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Duffy, Paul. "A balanced orchestra program: analyses and rehearsal techniques for Haydn, Berlioz, Ravel, Bryce Craig, and Casey Cangelosi." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17595.
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Master of Music, Theater, and DanceDepartment of Music, Theatre, and Dance.
David Littrell
This report provides detailed analyses of several orchestral works. Current orchestras have striven to rejuvenate their programs by balancing canonical literature with newer or less familiar works; such a practice has become especially important in an age when audiences are dwindling and orchestras are disbanding. The works included in this report follow that balanced blueprint, including staples such as Haydn’s Symphony No. 103 in E-flat Major (the “Drumroll”) and Berlioz’s “Hungarian March” from The Damnation of Faust to new orchestrations of 20th century works, such as Bryce Craig’s arrangement of the toccata from Ravel’s Le Tombeau de Couperin, as well as works composed within the last six years, such as Casey Cangelosi’s Concerto for Marimba and Orchestra No. 2. Each work’s formal design is straightforward, and the technical skills required are not virtuosic. The chapters below explore each work from a historical, theoretical, and performance perspective.
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Barbé, Aurélien. "La puissance et les relations internationales : essai sur un concept controversé." Thesis, Paris 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA020001.
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Callender, Smith Robin. "Celebrity privacy and the development of the judicial concept of proportionality : how English law has balanced the rights to protection and interference." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/7934.
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This thesis examines how English law has, and has not, balanced celebrities’ legal expectations of informational and seclusional privacy against the press and media’s rights to inform and publish. Much of the litigation that developed the English laws of privacy has been celebrity-generated by those with the financial resources to seek out and utilize privacy regimes and remedies in ways not immediately available to ordinary members of the public. The media, generally, has had the resources to present the relevant counter-arguments. Privacy protection was initially afforded to celebrities by breach of confidence and copyright. While public interest and “fair dealing” defences developed within English law, there was no underlying or consistent practical element in legislative or judicial thinking to promote a balance between the competing interests of protection and interference. That practical element, the concept of proportionality, developed in the Convention case-law of the ECtHR in Strasbourg during the 1950s. It was not until the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) that English legislators and the UK judicial system began to reflect and apply its consequences. Arriving at proportionate results and decisions – particularly in the realms of privacy - requires both the engagement of the rights that are sought to be maintained as well as a careful balancing exercise of these rights both internally and vis-à-vis each other. Because celebrities, with their Article 8 concerns, and the media, with Article 10 arguments, seek for their causes to prevail, the ways in which legislation and litigation now resolves matters is by the “ultimate balancing test” of proportionality. Proportionality is the measure within this thesis that is constant from chapter to chapter, highlighting, respectively, where the application of proportionality and balance might have produced different results as regimes developed historically and where new developments were needed to accommodate its requirements when it was apparently absent.
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Hummes, Viviane Beatriz. "Aprendizagem significativa de equações do primeiro grau : um estudo sobre a noção de equivalência como conceito subsunçor." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/98632.
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Este trabalho tem a finalidade de apresentar uma proposta de estudo que procura analisar se a compreensão da noção de equivalência é um conceito subsunçor necessário para a Aprendizagem Significativa de equações do primeiro grau. À luz da teoria de David Ausubel, procuramos investigar se atividades que relacionam o equilíbrio existente em uma balança de dois pratos com uma igualdade entre os termos de uma equação podem funcionar como organizadores prévios facilitadores da Aprendizagem Significativa dos estudantes. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma turma do oitavo ano do Ensino Fundamental, em uma escola da rede municipal de ensino de Porto Alegre, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando como método o estudo de caso. A interpretação dos dados resultantes foi realizada a partir da elaboração, da aplicação e da análise de uma sequência didática. As atividades foram realizadas a partir de situações propostas por dois Objetos Digitais de Aprendizagem que utilizam a balança de dois pratos, como suporte representacional. Assim, após analisarmos os resultados obtidos ao longo das sessões que compunham a sequência didática desenvolvida, percebemos que a noção de equivalência é um conceito fundamental para a Aprendizagem Significativa de equações do primeiro grau, mas não é o único. Além disso, concluímos, através da análise das atividades realizadas, que a noção de equivalência, existente em uma equação, pode ser considerada um conceito subsunçor necessário para ancorar a aprendizagem de equações do primeiro grau e, desta forma, proporcionar a Aprendizagem Significativa dos estudantes.This work aims at presenting a study proposal on the possibility of usage of the concept of equivalence as a subsumer concept to the development of Meaningful Learning of first degree equations. In the light of David Ausubel’s theory of learning, we try to investigate whether activities that relate the existing balance in a twin-pan balance to the equality between the terms of an equation could work as advance organizers to make students’ Meaningful Learning easier. The work was developed in a seventh year of elementary school class, at a municipal school in Porto Alegre, through a qualitative approach, having as a method a case study. Through the creation, application and analysis of an instructional sequence we have carried the analysis and interpretation of the resulting data. The activities were done based on the situations proposed by two Digital Learning Objects that used a twin-pan balance as a representational support. Thus, after analysing the results obtained in the sessions that were part of the instructional sequence developed, we perceived that the notion of equivalence is a fundamental concept to the Meaningful Learning of first degree equations, but it is not the only one. Moreover, we have concluded, through the activities performed, that the understanding of equivalence existing in an equation can be considered a subsumed concept necessary to anchor the new learning and, therefore, provide Meaningful Learning of first degree equations.
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Lefebvre, Céline. "Réseaux de gènes, évolution / développement et pathologie : définition et applications d'un nouveau concept d'analyse de la conservation génétique et fonctionnelle." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066098.
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Yim-Teo, Tien Hua. "The Yin-Yang balanced concept of organisational changes leading to a double-loop learning control (DLC) model for reengineering in the public sector." Thesis, Henley Business School, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387873.
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Damião, Neto Afonso. "O ser, o bem-estar e o estar-em-si: o conceito de saúde (svāstya) no Caraka Saṁhitā, texto clássico de medicina Āyurveda." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/489.
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Āyurveda é uma ciência médica surgida na Índia há mais de dois mil anos tendo como fundamento filosófico os Vedas associado a práticas provenientes de tradições heterodoxas. Considera o ser humano como uma representação do cosmos. São constituídos dos mesmos elementos que permanecem em constante permutação. A vida humana é possível pela união de corpo, mente e alma. O equilíbrio dos constituintes internamente e com o meio ambiente é que permitem o bem-estar e saúde. Esse equilíbrio é individual e é necessário conhecimento para alcançá-lo. No processo, a presença de um guia é imprescindível. É personificado pelo médico que utiliza o texto como mapa. No estado de equilíbrio é possível que a alma se perceba como diferente das oscilações da mente cessando o sofrimento que é gerado pela ignorância existencial. A liberdade espiritual é alcançada e representa o estado de saúde perfeita.
Āyurveda is a medical science which has emerged in India two thousand years ago and has its philosophical foundations related to the association of the Vedas with heterodox traditional practices. Āyurveda considers the human being as a representation of the Cosmos as they are both composed of the same elements in constantly permutation. Human life is possible by the union among soul, body and mind. The inner balance among the constituents as well as regarding the environment allows wellness and health. This state of balance is individual and knowledge is required on reaching that goal. During the process a guide is essential. He is embodied by the clinical doctor who employs the Text as a map. In the state of balance it is possible for the soul to perceive itself as different from the oscillations of the mind, stopping the sorrows produced by existential ignorance. Spiritual freedom is reached and represents the state of perfect health.
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Patten-Hall, Andrew M. "The structural integration of photovoltaic devices into the fabric of buildings. A product development concept for the reduction of balance of system costs, as an impetus to market expansion." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506135.
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Shipilina, Mariia. "Trade Mark Law and the Concept of Bad Faith : A fair balance between the protection of exclusive rights conferred on the proprietor and free access to the European market?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412977.
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The purpose of the research is the analysis of the concept of bad faith in the sphere of trade marks from the perspective of a fair balance of different interests of the trade mark proprietor and other undertakings in the European market. On the one hand, the starting point of European trade mark law is the protection of exclusive rights conferred on the owner of a registered mark. On the other hand, Article 16 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union guarantees the right to free access to the market. The research work analyses the scope of these conflicting rights and comes to the conclusion that the interests of trade mark law and market competition may have common ground despite different starting points between them. Bad faith behaviour in the market should also be assessed as an acute common issue. In that connection, the objective of the thesis is to examine how the balance of the interests is achieved in European trade mark legislation and in practice, whether this balance is fair when dealing with bad faith. Additionally, the thesis considers the issues of the definition of bad faith in European legislation and possible changes in the European trade mark system related to the concept of bad faith.
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Viklund, Andreas, and Robin Wetterberg. "Balanserat styrkort i IF Elfsborg : Hur fungerar det i praktiken?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17609.
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De flesta svenska elitidrottsföreningar är ideella till sin karaktär. Den senaste tidens utvecklingvisar dock att idrotten blir alltmer kommersiell och professionell, vilket gör attidrottsföreningarnas organisation mer och mer liknar traditionella företag. Ett tydligt tecken pådetta är att den allsvenska fotbollsföreningen IF Elfsborg uppger i sin senasteverksamhetsberättelse att de sedan några år tillbaka följer sin verksamhet med balanserat styrkort,ett koncept som vanligtvis förknippas med den traditionella företagsvärlden. Syftet meduppsatsen är att ta reda på varför IF Elfsborg valt att använda sig utav ett koncept som i grundenär utformat för företag samt hur de har tolkat konceptet och hur man använder det i praktikenjämfört med vad som beskrivs i litteraturen. För att få svar på våra frågor har vi valt attgenomföra en kvalitativ undersökning genom att intervjua tre personer inom Elfsborg:klubbchefen, ekonomichefen samt en före detta styrelsemedlem som varit med och fört in, ocharbetet med, det balanserade styrkortet i verksamheten.Resultatet visar att man inom Elfsborg egentligen inte styr sin verksamhet med balanseratstyrkort, utan att man snarare skapat en egen modell som man med tiden valt att kalla förbalanserat styrkort då det liknar Elfsborgs modell. Att de två modellerna liknar varandra är tydligtvilket vi visar genom att koppla praktiken till teorin. Elfsborg följer till stor del de fyragrundläggande parametrarna som förespråkas i litteraturen om balanserat styrkort. Vi konstateraräven att anledningen till varför man valt att koppla in balanserat styrkort i verksamheten är att detfanns problem i organisationen som man önskade lösa.
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Freire, Júnior José Lucas Alvarenga. "Análise estratégica para as novas empresas químicas de especialidades: uma proposição inicial formada a partir da análise de conceitos de diferentes escolas estratégicas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/5653.
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Previous issue date: 1999-10-04T00:00:00ZApresenta uma discussão estratégica das novas empresas químicas de especialidades, formadas na década de 90 a partir de um novo posicionamento das megaempresas químicas globais. A análise é realizada sob os conceitos das Escolas do Posicionamento e do Aprendizado. O trabalho propõe a utilização de uma estratégia baseada nos conceitos da Escola do posicionamento porém adotando conceitos da escola do Aprendizado de forma a adaptar-se a futuras modificações do mercado que devem ocorrer a médio prazo neste segmento. Aponta uma nova ferramenta de implantação estratégica - Balanced Scorecard.
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Majerčíková, Andrea. "Návrh slaďování pracovního a soukromého života ve vybrané organizaci." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-224362.
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The aim of this diploma thesis is to analyze the strategy of selected private sector organization in the field of work - life balance and to propose measures to improve the current situation. The thesis specifies terms such as role conflict in the framework of work-life balance, gender and equal opportunities policy, the “flexicurity” concept as well as outlines a variety of measures leading to work-life balance. During the analysis, investigation via questionnaire and interview with manager of the relevant organization has been used. Based on acquired results, specific measures leading to more effective balance of work and personal life of employees of selected organization, including financial aspects of their introduction, has been proposed in the conclusion of this thesis.
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Araujo, Rafaela Garcia. "(Des)compassos entre entendimento e práticas de responsabilidade social corporativa." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10662.
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This research considers an analysis on how companies listed in the Brazilian Stock Exchange understand corporative social responsibility and put it in practice. In order to do so, discussions on the concept, breadth and complexity of corporative social responsibility are presented, as well as the academic and corporate debates on the subject. Through qualitative analysis of the content of annual reports, social reports, sustainability reports and other documents, totaling more than 600 publications, the understanding and practices of corporate social responsibility of the top 100 companies listed in the Brazilian Stock Exchange were evaluated. The understanding of corporate social responsibility was assessed on the basis of speech fragments and lexical expressions, while its practice was examined based on the company’s advertised programs and actions. As a result, three categories were created in association with the understanding of the concept of social responsibility (Ample, Restricted and Confused) and three categories were developed as they related to the company’s commitment to the practice of corporate social responsibility (High, Average and Low). With this analysis, only one quarter of the sample was classified as a group of ample understanding and high commitment to the practice. In addition, it was observed that one third of the companies of the sample presented deviations in the understanding of what corporative social responsibility is, confusing philanthropy with the business itself, volunteer actions of employees as their own, fines with investments, among others ambiguous information. The contribution of the present research is relevant as it condenses and demonstrates the (mis)match between the understanding and the practice of corporate social responsibility. Therefore, the research is able to assist in the enrichment of the subject, by establishing an analytical methodology that can be applied and effectively expanded to sustain and reinforce socioenvironmental actions.
Esta pesquisa propõe uma análise sobre como empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores brasileira entendem responsabilidade social corporativa e colocam-na em prática. Para tal foram resgatadas discussões sobre o conceito de responsabilidade social corporativa, sua abrangência, complexidade, bem como os debates acadêmicos e corporativos sobre o tema. Por meio de uma análise qualitativa do conteúdo de relatórios anuais, sociais, de sustentabilidade e outros documentos, totalizando-se mais de 600 publicações, foram avaliados o entendimento em responsabilidade social corporativa e as práticas das 100 maiores empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores brasileira. O entendimento foi avaliado com base em fragmentos de discurso e expressões lexicais, e a prática foi dimensionada com base nos programas e ações divulgadas. Como resultado, foram criadas três categorias atreladas ao entendimento do conceito (Amplo, Restrito e Confuso) e três ao comprometimento das práticas (Alto, Médio e Baixo). Com esta análise, apenas um quarto da amostra foi classificada em um grupo de amplo entendimento e alto comprometimento das práticas. Também foi observado que quase um terço das empresas da amostra apresentou desvios no entendimento do que é Responsabilidade Social Corporativa, confundindo filantropia com o próprio negócio, ações voluntárias de funcionários como próprias, multas com investimentos, entre outras informações ambíguas. A contribuição da presente pesquisa se faz relevante ao sintetizar e evidenciar (des)compassos entre o entendimento e as práticas de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa, podendo auxiliar para o enriquecimento do tema, na medida em que se estabelece uma metodologia analítica passível de aplicação e expansão efetiva para sustentação e reforço das ações socioambientais.
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Svobodová, Veronika. "Hodnocení výkonnosti podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225076.
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The thesis is focused on the evaluation of business performance using the Balanced Scorecard concept. The theoretical part defines the concept of business performance and describes the method of Balanced Scorecard. In the analytical part is being assessed the current state of the company DINA-HITEX, spol. s.r.o. through selected analytical methods. Subsequently, as a conclusion of the thesis, is drafted implementation of the Balanced Scorecard concept to this company. In this section are draw up strategic goals of selected perspectives, strategic map, budget, time schedule of the project implemen-tation and evaluation of the benefits of adopting this method to the enterprise.
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N'goma, Thallian-Farrel. "L'augmentation de capital en situation difficile : le cas des entreprises françaises cotées." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0046/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’objet de la présente recherche vise à donner un éclairage théorique, méthodologique et pratique de l’augmentation de capital étudiée dans un contexte de crise. En effet, le cadre conceptuel de cette recherche a porté sur les termes suivants : augmentation de capital, difficulté financière, signaux annonciateurs de la situation difficile, notion d’entreprise en situation difficile et plus particulièrement sur la théorie de signalisation et sur la théorie de la lecture optionnelle du bilan. Il convient d’affirmer que ce cadre théorique a eu pour intérêt de « contextualiser » et de délimiter le sujet de recherche. Pour affiner la délimitation du sujet, une étude exploratoire a été réalisée. Elle a permis d’identifier les indicateurs de la situation difficile et de tester la méthodologie d’étude d’événement sur un cas. Enfin, pour valider cette recherche et pour permettre la généralisation des résultats, la méthodologie d’étude d’événement a été appliquée à un échantillon de 30 cas d’entreprises en situation difficile. Le but de cette étude a été de mesurer la création ou la destruction de la valeur actionnariale observable lors du lancement de ce type d’opération qui permet de mesurer les réactions des actionnaires anciens. Par ailleurs, pour mieux appréhender la perception des investisseurs sur ce type d’opération, la recherche s’est orientée vers les analyses de sens et textuelles lexicales. Au final, le sujet étudié peut s’appréhender comme un financement de dernier recours pour les sociétés en situation difficileThe aim of the present research is to provide a theoretical lighting, methodology and practical of the capital increase studied in a context of crisis. Indeed, the conceptual framework of this research focused on the precision of terms such as capital increase, financial difficulty, covenant of difficulty, concept of enterprise in difficulty and in particular on the indication of theories namely signaling and the balance sheet optional reading. We wish to emphasize that this framework has had interest to « contextualize » and to delimit the research topic. And to improve the delimitation of the topic, an exploratory study was conducted and it has identified the indicators of difficulty and test the event study methodology on a case. Finally, to validate this research and to allow generalization of results, event study methodology was applied to a sample of 30 cases of companies in difficulty. The aim of study was to measure the creation or destruction of shareholder value observable at the launch of this type of operation to measure the reactions of former shareholders. Furthermore, to better understand the perception of investors in this type of operation, the research is oriented analyzes of lexical meaning and textual. In the end, the topic studied can be apprehended as a last resort financing for companies in difficulty
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GCS and 邱顯堯. "Combining the Balance Scorecard Concepts and TL9000 Measurements in Constructing Company’s Performance Indicators -The Case Study of a Optical Manufacturerin Combining the Balance Scorecard Concepts and TL9000 Measurements in Constructing Company’s Perfo." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73821237826454455811.
Full textAbstract:
碩士華梵大學
工業管理學系碩士班
94
With the application and globalization of science and technology, the competition and threat between each other of enterprises are greater and greater, the atmosphere of making use of the quality system to verify and improve quality is in fashion without restraint in the business circles, by the other person's system of certification , come to confirm the proper and validity of this enterprise quality system. Enterprises in the telecommunication industry put into the ample resources and set up and prove in TL9000 system invariably, in order to accord with customer's demand. TL 9000 emphasizes customers for the prevention of the centre, spirit improved continuously, attention shortcoming and life cycle way of the products, and combine the management principle of weighing the index. At the same time here, the knowledge and research of management are proposed constantly, enterprises pass diversified management new knowledge, channel into and carry out. Balance the scorecard (Balanced Scorecard; BSC) the idea is studied four to construct the surface differently (finance, customer, internal process and innovative learning), regard organizing the successful key factor in the future as the reason, with the link with close tactics, abolish the performance only relying mainly on financial figure and weigh the idea, and revise the tactics for the mechanism that is feed backed and studying , form an intact mechanism of management of tactic. This research regards one optical company as the research object, with the balanced scorecard view, probe into the management efficiency and promotion of the competition advantage of the case company. Adopt the analytic approach of the materials, carry on the assessment of company's business indicator of the case; (Quality Management System Measurements) and then industry TL9000 measurement index that system require, case of Company, construct the surface to distinguish in accordance with four scorecards of balance, use to find out every index of weighing and manage efficiency, in order to run the reference that other enterprises channel into and proving.
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Chen, Hung-Chih, and 陳弘志. "On Stress Reduction Concepts of Lao-zi's Inaction Balance from Whitehead's Views on Extensive Continuum." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25845886797268560918.
Full textAbstract:
碩士南華大學
生死學系哲學與生命教育碩士班
103
The purpose of the thesis is from Whitehead’s views on extensive continuum to check whether the stress reduction concepts abstracted from Lao-zi’s inaction balance can be generalized concepts or not. Mr. Whitehead proclaimed that science and philosophy should testify each other. Thus, Lao-zi’s inaction balance should be proofed to be effective in stress reduction with science evidence. The author, therefore, takes some concepts about balance from physics, environmental psychology, and social science as evidence to verify that Lao-zi’s inaction balance is effective for stress reduction. However, according to Whitehead’s extensive continuum, there is any actual entity which is formed without an antecedent. It is because the concepts abstracted from Lao-zi’s inaction balance are not involved in dealing with about antecedents, thus they are only options for stress reduction. They must be able to take care of the people’s three antecedents to form a process in order to be generalized concepts. The conclusion is that for the effectiveness of stress reduction, we should follow the procedure as the people do in psychotherapy or philosophy counseling because they all emphasize the procedure and try to find out the patients’ antecedents of stress formation. Procedure is a kind of process. Thus, their concepts go back to the center of Whitehead’s philosophy: process is reality.
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Chuang, Shih-Ching, and 莊世清. "Applicaton of Balance Scorecard Concepts on Construction of Evaluation Indicators of Special Classroom Teachers in Elementary Schools in Taipei County." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12588736281490334854.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
特殊教育學系
98
Abstract The purpose of the research is to use Balanced Scorecards and incorporate it into the structure of Special Classroom Teachers’ Evaluation Indicators in Taipei County. The concept of the incorporation is different from the conventional ways of Teacher’s Evaluations. The difference is that it evaluates performances with the appropriately transformed perspectives of finance, customer, internal process and learning in a thorough way. It also intends to discuss the content of the Indicators through teachers’ eye views with the addition of schools’ perspectives, and therefore it would be able to build and develop a set of believable and workable Indicators. The research was conducted with experts’ talks, Delphi, and AHP in three stages. By means of Purposive Sampling, participants were selected for each stage of research. Stage one with experts’ talks, there were total nine Special Classroom Teachers and administration staff from an elementary school in Taipei County participating. Stage two with Delphi, it included seven scholars, six administration faculties, four members of consultant team, and six Special Classroom Teachers that totaled twenty-three participants. Stage three with AHP, four teachers an elementary school in Taipei County participated. From the research I found the details can be summarized into four perspectives, thirteen ways, and seventy-six indicators. Stages one and two, done with Special Classroom Teachers’ Evaluation Indicators in the elementary school in Taipei County, include Teachers’ Teaching Performances, Teachers’ Professional Growth, Basic Costs of Education and its Resources, and Students’ Growth of Learning. Teachers’ Teaching Performances can be evaluated in five ways, which are Evaluations, Courses Planning, Teaching Executions, Classroom Management, and Consulting Services. Teachers’ Professional Growth can be evaluated in four ways, which are Work Professionalism and Attitude, Professional Knowledge and Senses, Communication and Cooperation, and Further Education and Study. Basic Costs of Education and its Resources can be done in the ways of Time Management and Resource Uses. Students’ Growth of Learning are then able to be done with Students’ Learning to Participate and Finding the Results as well as Parents’ Recognitions. On the third stage while looking into Special Classroom Teachers’ System of Evaluation Indicators in the school in a relative way, I discovered that among all perspectives, first is Teachers’ Teaching Performances and next Students’ Growth of Learning, Teachers’ Professional Growth, and last Basic Costs of Education and its Resources. But as far as importance of ways of evaluations is concerned, Students’ Learning to Participate and Finding the Results is first, Teaching Executions second and then Parents’ Recognitions, Courses Planning, Professional Knowledge and Senses, and finally Classroom Management. With all the perspectives, ways, and indicators, however, schools might not be able to apply them all at once and thus would have to pick and give up. To help teachers pick and give up, knowing and confirming directions and key concepts would be helpful in deciding what is important and what is not and then become teachers’ aim to proceed to growth and strength. Finally based on the result of the research, a proposal on the use of Teachers’ Evaluation Indicators by Special Classroom Teachers in elementary schools in Taipei County was made in order to provide future researchers and teachers for further research.
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Tang, Chi Che, and 唐啟哲. "Design and Analysis for Machine Tool Structure by Heat Balance Concept." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/um9628.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
創意工程與精密科技研究所
98
Thermal deformation of the structure due to temperature rise in high-speed cutting process becomes a challenge that should be overcome at present for machine tools. In recent years, the real-time online technology for thermal compensation system has been largely progressed. Although, the positioning accuracy of a feed-drive system has been increased, but it still can not solve the nonlinear thermal deformation of the structure thoroughly. This study focuses on the heat source generation in a vertical machining center during operation and tries to perform a structure design of heat symmetry and thermal suppression via cooling. The goal is to achieve a heat balance structure, reduce the effect of thermal deformation on machining accuracy and promote the thermal stability of a machine tool structure. First of all, a thermal study is performed on some major parts in a machine tool including headstock, bearing housing and ball screw, which the thermal deformation is easily to occur within them. The effect of heat source on these structure deformations is also investigated. Using the concepts of heat symmetry, isolation and cooling characteristics to conduct a structure design fulfilling a heat balance requirement for machine tool. The temperature data measured from the spindle run-in test is utilized as the boundary conditions which are combined with heat conduction theory for finite element analyses on those major parts just mentioned above. Based on the analysis results, the geometrical dimensions of those major parts in a machine tool are modified repeatedly and the base part including plate and rib dimension arrangements in this design are specially emphasized to keep a sufficient structural rigidity. It tries to change and control the heat conduction direction and contact area, which results in a symmetrical temperature distribution state based on a design concept of heat symmetry, and the influence of uneven thermal deformation will be greatly reduced. Finally, heat conduction and temperature distribution simulation are performed on this entire machine tool structure just designed completely and to investigate the thermal deformation behavior after this improvement design. In addition, a mechanical force is applied on this structure to investigate its rigidity, strength, modal shape. The rigidity and thermal stability are also investigated for this design structure with heat symmetry under the coupling action between both the mechanical and thermal loads. The results show that the deformation of a machine tool structure is mainly contributed from the thermal deformation. The design structure with heat symmetry exhibits a symmetrical deformation in thermal displacement which may also be reduced effectively by an appropriate cooling suppression strategy. The position stability and accuracy for each center point in the structures can thus be kept and the design machine tool structure fulfills the heat balance demand in industry.
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Wu, Chien-Sheng, and 吳建昇. "Appling the Concept of Load Balance to the Handoff System in WiMAX." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75005977668785819901.
Full textAbstract:
碩士元智大學
電機工程學系
97
The paper is a load balancing application in WiMAX handover. To add the concept of load balancing, we use QoS information of Neighbor BS and Base Station (BS) signal quality to choose a target BS. Our algorithm is benefit for balance BS’s resource usage and balance load in every BS. First, we introduce nowadays research papers of handover in 802.16e both in benefits and drawbacks. Then, 802.16 network and 802.16e handover will be introduced. Finally, we introduce our research in load balanced handover algorithm and do a performance evaluation both with our method and traditional method.
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Huang, Yi-Cheng, and 黃羿城. "Using Concept of Balanced Scorecard to Evaluate SCM Integration Performance." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43022485263166948642.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
企業管理學系碩博士班
92
With the dynamic changes in global market nowadays, enterprises have to do more than improving their own productivity in order to achieve continuous success. The capability to response to customer requirement promptly and effectively has key effects on the survival of a corporation. Supply chain management (SCM) is an essential issue for increasing organizational effectiveness and for better realization of organizational goals such as enhanced competitiveness, better customer care, and increased profitability. An attempt has been made in this paper to develop a framework for using the balanced scorecard (BSC) in a supply chain performance evaluation. The Kaplan and Norton performance indicators include four perspectives – finance, customer, internal process, and learning and growth. Though SCM and BSC are pried by business currently, research on applications of combining SCM and BSC in business practices is very few. This research attempts to integrate the concepts of SCM and BSC with thorough discussion. The research purposes are: (1) To discuss the barriers that enterprises encountered when constructing SCM and the way to them. (2) To discuss the integration situation when the enterprise were constructing SCM. (3) To discuss the relationship between barriers and SCM integration. (4) To discuss the concept of using BSC to evaluate SCM integration performance. (5) To discuss the relationship between SCM integration and BSC. The research methods followed by case study and an implementation of a structured company-wide questionnaire are descriptive analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and MONOVA analysis. The results of the research are: (1) There are three aspects of barriers in SCM integration and it is negatively related between barriers and SCM integration (2) The enterprise’s position in the supply chain will generate different levels of integration. (3) The relationship between SCM integration and BSC is positive and the dimensions of the BSC are correlated. Base on those findings, our study has developed a structured model that can be a reference model in SCM and BSCs in the future
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Yang, Caixia. "Balance control of constrained bipedal standing and stability analysis using the concept of Lyapunov exponents." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21045.
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Wang, Xiangpeng. "Balance control for a standing biped and stability analysis using the concept of Lyapunov exponents." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/21294.
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Luo, Yu-Min, and 羅鈺閔. "A Study of the Factors Affecting Business Performance through Balanced Scorecard Concepts from Investor Perspective." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/30860731152954672334.
Full textAbstract:
碩士朝陽科技大學
會計系
102
Balanced scorecard is denoted as the best tool of performance evaluation. However, outside investors cannot get related information. This study adopts the balanced scorecard perspective to choose the suitable performance indicators which the external investors are able to get. The performance indicators included the input indicators and the output indicators. The method we proposed in this study is Directional Distance Function. This study takes the Photovoltaic Industry in China as the object of the research. The result indicated whether in the upstream or downstream company, efficient companies are increasing year by year. The business efficiency of the middle-lower stream is better than the upper stream because he middle-lower stream have lower threshold in application of product technique.
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Yu, Chin-wen, and 游瑾雯. "A study on constructing project management model through the concept of Balanced Scorecard." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34322365693391731744.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
企業管理系碩士班
93
Because the market demand changes quickly .Strategy must decide and implement like a process that continually and with high involvement. .Kaplan & Norton (1992, 1993) introduce the concept of Balanced Scorecard, Balanced Scorecard including financial indicators and non-financial indicators such as customer, internal business process, learning and growth is not only a performance measurement system, but also a strategic management system linking with strategy and reward system. This research is based on project management knowledge and follows the development concept of balanced scorecard to build up a project model and action plan. And we modify it through multiple case studies and action study about to discuss how to decrease the computer’s application ability gap between city and countryside and promote organization’s strategy implementing actually. Though some research contents of the research must wait to use implementing in the case for a long time, but this research has obtained the conclusions about this model can effectively express and confirm the organization strategy goal and constructing project management model that connecting with organization’s strategy
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Chen, Jheng-Bin, and 陳政斌. "Phosphorus mass balance concept to approximate the nutrient phosphate removal outcome in a campus artificial lake." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72183369216872742391.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
應用地球物理研究所
100
The study is to sample and analyze the contents of phosphorus in the Tranquility Lake, National Chung Cheng University, a receiving water body from the school sewage treatment plant, conducting from December 2010 to March 2012, once every one or two weeks. The water samples include those from the lake water, the inflow of upstream, and the effluent of the sewage treatment plant. Measured phosphorus fractions were total dissolve phosphorus, soluble reactive phosphorus, total particulate phosphorus, and inorganic particulate phosphorus. The concentrations of total phosphorus in the lake water averaged 0.50±0.17 P mg/L, and the dissolve phosphorus was about 60% of total phosphorus. Soluble reactive phosphorus was the major content in the dissolve phosphorus fraction. The concentrations of total phosphorus in the effluent of the sewage treatment plant averaged 3.82±0.82 P mg/L almost soluble reactive phosphorus. The concentrations of total phosphorus in the inflow from upstream averaged 0.11±0.15 P mg/L. In the phosphorus dynamics estimations, the major input was the sewage treatment plant (about 2600 P g/day) and the inflow from upstream was about 60 P g/day. The outflows of 800 P g/day from were lower than those of total inflows, indicating the existence of phosphorus sink in the lake. Moreover, the particulate phosphorus outflow of 255 P g/day were higher than those total particulate phosphorus inputs of 130 P g/day, suggesting some particulate phosphorus were produced in the lake. High phosphorus inflows from upstream were found in the thunderstorm events, and the contents of phosphorus in the lake were then to be all inflow-dependence.
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Chen, Yi-Jiin, and 陳怡瑾. "Balance of Power and the Sino-American Relations (2000-2012)：Examining the Concept of Soft-Balancing." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8s635u.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
102
The explanation of Balance of Power theory is being questioned in the post-Cold War era, especially after the beginning of the Iraq war in 2003. Literature of IR scholarship found that secondary powers attempting to frustrate the aggressive unilateral behavior of George W. Bush administration mainly adopted non-military means, which promped the concept of “soft-balancing”. The concept of “soft- balancing” has caused intense debates as it revises the inadequacies of the previous theories on “balance of power”. However, due to the lack of clear definition, systematic analysis as well as case examination, “soft-balancing” as a new concept and its applicability remains doubtful. This study re-examines the literature on the Balance of Power theory, the concept of balancing and soft-balancing in order to establish the definition and tangible indicators for “soft-balancing”. Furthermore, the author verifies the objectives and results of China’s “balancing” behavior towards the United States as a case study to answer question of whether the “soft-balancing” is indeed a workable, foreign strategy. The case study focuses on the Sino-American relations in the period from 2000 to 2012 and explores four separate fields: (1) Security field: Shanghai Cooperation Organization; (2) Political field: the UN Human Rights regime; (3) International trade field: the “ASEAN + N” trade cooperation; (4) International finance field: the IMF. All four case studies concentrate on the China’s employment of “soft-balancing” strategies in bilateral relations and multilateral diplomacy with other countries to balance the United States without causing immediate reaction from Washington. In conclusion, this study clarifies the difference and purposes between “soft-balancing,” “balancing” and “balance of power”. It further verifies the applicability of “soft-balancing” within the case of Sino-American relations. The concept of soft-balancing is indeed an important foreign policy strategy for China to weaken the U.S. dominance in various fields and pursue a revised, favorable power distribution.
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"Utilização do Conceito de Gestão Estratégica de Custos Dentro do Balanced Scorecard." Tese, Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia de Produção, 1999. http://teses.eps.ufsc.br/defesa/pdf/2925.pdf.
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Chien, Shin-Hung, and 簡薪洪. "Apply the concept of The Balanced Scorecard to the evaluation of corporate Zen-training." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13712756381593729752.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東吳大學
會計學系
94
There are many problems in modern society, and the opposition between the rich and the poor has also caused the disorder of the society . Although The Balanced Scorecard has gotten rid of the abuses which only think highly of finance, its limit still exists, including dysfunctional decision, departmental egoism and so on. A general training is fastidious about the establishment of corporate culture, the promotion of manpower quality and the development of employees’ potential to grasps the environment tendency, but it slightly strengthens employees’ ideas. This research is a case study, we use a meter which developed by former scholar and make partial revisions to accord with the training content, the industrial characteristic and the different the corporate culture .We aim to evaluate the training benefit and the causal factors which affect the customer service attitude, the team cooperation and the customer satisfaction. The training’s objective is to promote the employees’ sensitivities to body health, and make them understand the relationship between the team cooperation, the customer service attitude, the body and mind adjustment and the self-dignity. If these can be achieved, employees are assumed to have more possibility of achieving their best working performance and satisfy the four objectives of The Balanced Scorecard naturally. We believe that employees will grow up in the body and mind management, the ideas and the operating management by the wisdom of Zen, and they will develop their original wisdom. Thus, corporation can easily achieve the objectives of The Balanced Scorecard(give considerations to the inside and outside balance ,the financial and non-financial combination)by the corporate Zen-training. Besides, it can also increase employees’ centripetal force, and they will think themselves as parts of the company, so they will do their best for the corporate goals. We analyze the data from the meter by statistical method, and provide the analysis and the suggestions we have made to the company. We hope the company can train their employees in the center of Zen concept and the company will form an management style more approach to employee automatic.
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Ali, M. Farooq. "Concept of a balanced collection an analysis of the collection development literature, 1970-1990 /." 1992. http://books.google.com/books?id=cNjgAAAAMAAJ.
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Kandusová, Veronika. "Proměny konceptu slaďování rodinného a pracovního života na úrovni EU." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358459.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyse how the concept of work-life balance (and reconciliation policies in general) is constructed and defined at the European Union level. In order to analyse these often implicit definitions, the European Commission's working documents from 1995 to 2016 are gathered and subjected to category and content analysis. Reconciliation policies and work-life balance are stable concepts, occurring in 152 documents over the studied 22 years period. Annual Reports on gender equality and documents connected to the European Employment Strategy are specifically analysed. Even though the "reconciliation policies are part of equality policies" argumentation is often stressed, the expressed goals are usually connected to the goals of employment policies and economic policies, with economic growth being behind this argumentation. The most represented policy areas are leave policies, mainly parental leave, and services for childcare and other dependants, usually connected to the same goal - bringing more women into the labour market.
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Paiva, Sara Figueiredo. "Casa dos Pátios: um diálogo entre o conceito NZEB e o objeto arquitetónico." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20120.
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Devido aos problemas ambientais que têm surgido ao longo dos últimos anos
como consequência da utilização de combustíveis fósseis em massa, têm-se desenvolvido
estratégias de resposta que possibilitem salvaguardar a humanidade.
Deste modo, torna-se necessária uma abordagem de eficiência energética por
todos os sectores e principalmente pela arquitetura, visto que os edifícios representam
aproximadamente 40% do consumo de energia atual.
Esta trabalho final surge, assim, no sentido de relacionar conceitos teóricos com
a aplicação prática projetual, demonstrando um exemplo de metodologia passível de ser
adotado no seguimento das diretivas europeias. Realizando um estudo intensivo dos
princípios associados ao conceito e aplicando ao projeto desenvolvido na vertente prática,
tendo sempre como base a defesa de que o conceito NZEB não apresenta implicações na
formalização da arquitetura.Due to the environmental problems that have been occurring in the past years as a consequence of mass fuel consumption, strategies have been developed to save humanity. It becomes necessary to have an efficient energetic approach from all sectors and mainly architecture, since buildings represent 40% of energy consumption. This final project, tries to relate theoretical concepts with their practical project applications, serving as an example that can be adopted according to European laws. This project required and intensive study of the principles associated with the NZEB concept and applying them to a pratical situation without any architectural implications.
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Huang, Hui-Sheng, and 黃輝聲. "Study of the Expressions of Balance and Harmony in the Natural Occurrence concept of Zhouyi (The book of change)." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13975478870857329627.
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碩士華梵大學
東方人文思想研究所
97
Zhouyi(The book of change) contains much profound philosophy. The abstruse reasoning through symbols and numbers, rich with the rationales of ancient society, exhibit traditional philosophies of Chinese values, world outlook, and expectations of life. This propagation of ‘Unity between Men and the Heavenly Bodies’ establishes the basis for a modeled perspective of the universe based on natural philosophies; which, in combining natural and social values, fuses the intimate relationship of Heaven, Earth, and Men. The purpose for the composition of this dissertation is to study the ways through which our predecessors perceived the Heaven, Earth, Men, Sun, Moon, Stars, Mountains and Rivers to find a harmonious coexistence. Furthermore, how they developed, through understanding and acceptance of the universe and natural occurrences, a model for harmonious interaction between people. And how the Enlightened comprehended the relationships between men-nature, men-society, and men-self (ego, id) from the study of Zhouy(The book of change)i. These are the main objectives for the purpose of this paper. Detailed contents are as followed: (A) The evolution and unique traits of Zhouyi’s(The book of change) Main Text and Commentary The process of evolution between its ‘Main Text’ (Jing) and ‘Commentary’ (Chuan) is central to the development of Zhouyi(The book of change). Starting from the mysterious composition of the original text to generations of accumulated wisdom and philosophy from enlightened predecessors, Zhouyi(The book of change) is considered the most influential scripture to the Chinese culture. (B) Zhouyi(The book of change) and Chinese Divination Divination is a tool exercised in the attempt to comprehend and pry on the will of the Gods at the genesis of civilization. Through processes of hexagram during divination, unfolds the scientific spirit and philosophic reasoning of ancient men. (C) Numeric Symbolism and the concept Piety in Zhouyi(The book of change) Through symbolic interpretations of the sixty-four hexagrams and three hundred and eighty four trigrams, Zhouyi(The book of change) summarizes the permutation of all occurrences in the universe, and reveals wisdom in the way our ancient predecessors conducted themselves. On the other hand, enlightened scholars would often encourage virtues of benevolence and morality through the interpretation of divinatory exhibitions. (D) Oriental Naturalism centered around Zhouyi(The book of change) The natural philosophy revealed through Zhouyi(The book of change) represents a unique oriental outlook at the universe. From discussions of the essence, structure and formation of the celestials, to comprehension of the intimate relationships between heaven and earth, heaven and men, and men’s role between the two bodies, uncover a state of unity and harmonious coexistence endured through the scrutiny of time. (E) Zhouyi(The book of change) Rationales The expression of Zhouyi(The book of change) is through symbols and notations; the intrinsic properties of Zhouyi(The book of change) are of justice and duty. The symbols consist of hexagram symbols and trigram symbols; the notations are, separately, rubrics, hexagram notations, and trigram notations. Justice and duty are the embodiments of interpretations within these symbols and notations, linear to the universal order, and of principal components to the purpose of this study. (F) Time and Space in Zhouyi(The book of change) In the study of Yi, the interpretations of Time and Space in Zhouyi(The book of change) play significant roles. In Zhouyi(The book of change), the study of ‘Time’ emphasizes its shifting nature and ‘vibrant, robust, and infinite’ characteristics, exhibiting a continuous and restless manifestation through observations of celestial bodies upon four indicators of time. As for the concept of ‘Space’ in Zhouyi(The book of change), use of the sixty-four hexagrams and three hundred and eighty four trigrams reflects the opposite relations of ‘Yin and Yang’, ‘Rigid and Flexible’, ‘Placement and Displacement’; which demonstrates the ever-shifting status of all natural occurrences. (G) The practical significance of ‘Balance and Harmony’ in Zhouyi(The book of change) ‘Balance’ is the basis of Dao (the Way), and ‘harmony’ is its application. In another word, ‘harmony’ is a manifestation of ‘balance’, and ‘balance’ is exhibited through ‘harmony’. While ‘balance’ reflects a constant truth to the way of the celestials, ‘harmony’ embodies fluctuations in all matters concerning men, objects, and phenomenon, and the equilibrium achieved through the continual occurrences of negative relationships known as ‘Yin and Yang’. (H) The way of conduct expressed in Zhouyi(The book of change), Confucianism and Taoism The Confucianism expression of political administration takes on Zhouyi’s(The book of change) ‘Moral Rules’ ideology. It is a framework based on the propagation of virtues such as loyalty, piety, integrity, justice, and benevolence between social relationships. Through cultivating moral discipline, and advocating such principles to adjacent people, phenomenon and political matters, moral standards can be established through both intrinsic and extrinsic influences. Political achievements based on moral rules are thus plausible. Taoist ideal focuses humanitarian perspectives and reveals the relationship between man and nature through harmonious expressions. From natural observations, Lao-Tzu (founding philosopher of Taoism) did not place nominal restrictions to the interactions of celestials. Taoism therefore briefly defines the way of natural order with ambiguous representations such as ‘the way’, ‘vastness’, ‘absence’, ‘space’, and ‘negativity’. On the other hand, Zhouyi(The book of change) often illustrates the concept of natural order with ‘Yin and Yang’, ‘Rigid and Flexible’, ‘Heaven and Earth’, ‘Balance’, ‘Centered’ and ‘Harmony’.