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1
O'Loughlin, Peter Damian. "Effects of growth and oophorectomy on calcium balance /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pho516.pdf.
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Silvertooth, Jeffrey C. "Estimating the Vegetative/Reproductive Balance in Cotton Growth." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/558538.
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Tharnpanich, Nat. "Thailand's economic growth from a balance-of-payments perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648875.
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Meder, Anthony Alan. "SFAS 115, Bank Balance Sheet Liquidity and Loan Growth." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1312309973.
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Hounslow, Michael John. "A discretized population balance for simultaneous nucleation, growth and aggregation /." Title page, summary and table of contents only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh839.pdf.
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Reilly, Laura. "Neural basis of energy balance and growth in photoperiodic mammals." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=114455.
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The Siberian hamster and Fischer 344 (F344) rat exhibit strong natural alterations in body weight that are programmed by the ambient photoperiod and allow preparation for the approaching season, whereby they have a lower body weight in winter-like photoperiods (8 h light per day). The mechanisms that permit this dynamic regulation of body weight may identify novel targets for anti-obesity drugs. Siberian hamster studies involved analysis of photoperiod-driven gene expression changes in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus using tissue obtained by laser capture microdissection. Juvenile F344 rats were susceptible to diet-induced obesity and defended a photoperiod-sensitive rate of lean mass deposition. In addition, mRNA levels of various genes were found to be photoperiodically regulated in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) including traditional energy balance genes and growth-related genes (e.g. neuropeptide Y and growth hormone releasing hormone). Furthermore, a time course study using Affymetrix arrays was used to analyse the changes in gene expression following 3 d, 14 d and 28 d of exposure to long or short photoperiod in the MBH. Dramatic changes in gene expression in the thyroid hormone system were found at all time points and confirmed by in situ hybridisation. The changes found correlated with recent findings in the quail and sheep documenting thyrotropin release from the pituitary regulating thyroid hormone levels in the MBH. These studies also identified strong photoperiodic regulation of two novel systems related to the thyroid hormone axis; the retinoid and Wnt signalling pathways. Thus, these studies establish the F344 rat as an interesting seasonal animal model and further understanding of the underlying mechanisms of photoperiodism.
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Mhlauli, Ntuthuzelo Columbus. "Growth analysis and soil water balance of selected vegetable crops." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26200.
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Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this documentDissertation (M Inst Agrar (Horticulture Science))--University of Pretoria, 2000.
Plant Production and Soil Science
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Briggs, R. E., J. M. Nelson, and C. A. Ledbetter. "Effect of PIX and BALANCE on Upland Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203919.
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Nassereddine, Abdallah. "The effects of democracy on budget balance, income inequality and economic growth." Thesis, University of Kent, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499755.
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Hossain, Mahabub Akhtar. "Inflation, economic growth and the balance of payments in Bangladesh : a macroeconomic study /." New Delhi ; Oxford ; Bombay(in.) : Oxford university press, 1995. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37461725s.
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Haider, Muhammad Sajjad. "Impact of crassulacean acid metabolism on carbon balance and growth of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427390.
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Akbar, Mohammad. "Pakistan's export performance : 1972-1998." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327093.
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Bjursell, Mikael. "Growth hormone and melanin-concentrating hormone receptor in the regulation of energy balance and metabolism /." Göteborg : Section of Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/2900.
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Vasilev, Boyko. "Balance-of-payments constrained growth in the case of the Bulgarian economy: an empirical study." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-4757.
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PostKeynesian economists state that there is a direct relationship between balance-of-payments and economic growth. Anthony Thirlwall, in particular, has formulated a model which defines the balance-of-payments equilibrium growth rate that would allow the economy to grow in the long-run sustainably without deteriorating their external balance or entering major debts. The purpose of this study is to investigate to what extent Thirlwall's law applies to historical data from the Bulgarian economy.
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Muscati, Siham K. (Siham Khalili). "Balance between fetal growth and maternal weight retention : effects of maternal diet, weight and smoking behaviour." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40405.
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The interrelation among maternal dietary intake, pregravid weight, amount and pattern of gestational weight gain and cigarette smoking in influencing the balance between fetal growth and maternal postpartum weight retention was in investigated in 1,330 healthy participants in the PEI Nutritional Counselling Program. Among nonsmokers, gestational weight gain was the main predictor of postpartum weight retention and explained 65.3% of its variability, while explaining only 4.7% of infant birth weight variability. Women with higher postpartum weight retention gained more weight during pregnancy and most of the difference between higher and lower weight retention groups occurred in the first 20 weeks. When comparing infant size between smoking and nonsmoking mothers, birth weight increased linearly with maternal weight gain in all weight status groups except in overweight nonsmokers where birth weight reached a plateau at weight gains $>$17 kg. Among smokers, infant length increased at a higher rate with weight gain than nonsmokers. Although higher weight gains seemed to partially mitigate the effect of smoking on the risk of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, such risk remained $>$10% at elevated weight gains among underweight smokers. The effects of smoking in reducing maternal and infant weights were not mediated by lower energy intake, as smokers consumed more energy than nonsmokers after controlling for physical activity and pregravid weight. The independent relative risks of SGA infants due to maternal smoking, pregravid underweight and low weight gain, were 3.23, 1.80 and 1.72 respectively, implying that smoking has the greatest effect on SGA. Based on current smoking prevalence in Canada, the population etiologic fraction of SGA due to the direct effect of smoking is 30.8%; approximately twice that for maternal underweight or low weight gain. Efforts to increase infant birth weight through higher maternal weight gain would require impractically high ene
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Engström, Gustav. "Essays on Economic Modeling of Climate Change." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-79149.
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Structural change in a two-sector model of the climate and the economy introduces issues concerning substitutability among goods in a two-sector economic growth model where emissions from fossil fuels give rise to a climate externality. Substitution is modeled using a CES-production function where the intermediate inputs differ only in their technologies and the way they are affected by the climate externality. I derive a simple formula for optimal taxes and resource allocation over time and highlight model sensitivity w.r.t the elasticity of substitution and distribution parameters. Energy Balance Climate Models and General Equilibrium Optimal Mitigation Policies develops a one-dimensional energy balance climate model with heat diffusion and anthropogenic forcing across latitudes driven by global fossil fuel use coupled to an economic growth model. Our results suggest that if the implementation of international transfers across latitudes are not possible or costly, then optimal taxes are in general spatially non-uniform and may be lower at poorer latitudes. Energy Balance Climate Models, Damage Reservoirs and the Time Profile of Climate Change Policy explores optimal mitigation policies through the lens of a latitude dependent energy balance climate model coupled to an economic growth model. We associate the movement of an endogenous polar ice cap with the idea of a damage reservoir being a finite source of climate related damages affecting the economy. The analysis shows that the introduction of damage reservoirs can generate multiple steady states and Skiba points. Assessing Sustainable Development in a DICE World investigates a method for assessing sustainable development under climate change in the Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (DICE-2007 model). The analysis shows that the sustainability measure is highly sensitive to the calibration of the inter-temporal elasticity parameter and discount rate of the social welfare function.
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Mozaffari, Saeed. "Modeling the Nucleation and Growth of Colloidal Nanoparticles." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104448.
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Controlling the size and size distribution of colloidal nanoparticles have gained extraordinary attention as their physical and chemical properties are strongly affected by size. Ligands are widely used to control the size and size distribution of nanoparticles; however, their exact roles in controlling the nanoparticle size distribution and the way they affect the nucleation and growth kinetics are poorly understood. Therefore, understanding the nucleation and growth mechanisms and developing theoretical/modeling framework will pave the way towards controlled synthesis of colloidal nanoparticles with desired sizes and polydispersity.
This dissertation focuses on identifying the possible roles of ligands and size on the kinetics of nanoparticle formation and growth using in-situ characterization tools such as small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and kinetic modeling. The presented work further focuses on developing kinetic models to capture the main nucleation and growth reactions and examines how ligand-metal interactions could potentially alter the rate of nucleation and growth rates, and consequently the nanoparticle size distribution. Additionally, this work highlights the importance of using multi-observables including the concentration of nanoparticles, size and/or precursor consumption, and polydispersity to differentiate between different nucleation and growth models and extract accurate information on the rates of nanoparticle nucleation and growth. Specifically, during the formation and growth of colloidal nanoparticles, complex reactions are occurring and as such nucleation and growth can take place through various reaction pathways. Therefore, sensitivity analysis was applied to effectively compare different nucleation and growth models and identify the most important reactions and obtain a reduced model (e.g. a minimalistic model) required for efficient data analysis. In the following chapters, a more sophisticated modeling approach is presented (population balance model) capable of capturing the average-properties of nanoparticle size distribution. PBM allows us to predict the growth rate of nanoparticles of different sizes, the ligand surface coverage for each individual size, and the parameters involved in altering the size distribution. Additionally, thermodynamic calculations of nanoparticle growth and ligand-metal binding as a function of size and ligand surface coverage were conducted to further shed light on the kinetics of nanoparticle formation and growth. The combination of kinetic modeling, in-situ SAXS and thermodynamic calculations can significantly advance the understanding of nucleation and growth mechanisms and guide toward controlling size and polydispersity.Doctor of Philosophy
The synthesis of colloidal metal nanoparticles with superior control over size and size distribution, and has attracted much attention given the wide applications of these nanomaterials in the fields of catalysis, photonics, and electronics. Obtaining nanoparticles with desired sizes and polydispersity is vital for enhancing the consistency and performance for specific applications (e.g., catalytic converters for automotive emission). Ligands are often employed to prevent agglomeration and also control the nanoparticle size and size distribution. Ligands can affect the precursor reactivity and therefore the reduction/nucleation by binding with the metal precursor. Nucleation refers to the assimilation of few atoms to form initial nuclei acting as templates for nanoparticle growth. Additionally, ligands can bind with the nanoparticle surface sites and change the rate of surface growth and therefore the final nanoparticle size. Despite strong effects of ligands in the colloidal nanoparticle synthesis, their exact role in the nucleation and growth kinetics is yet to be identified. Additionally, nucleation and growth models capable of unraveling the underlying mechanisms of nucleation and growth in the presence of ligands are still lacking in the literature. Therefore, obtaining nanoparticles with desired sizes and polydispersity mostly relies on trial-and-error approach making the synthesis costly and inefficient. As such, developing models capable of predicting suitable synthesis conditions is contingent upon understanding the chemistry and mechanism involved during nanoparticles formation. Therefore, in this study, novel kinetic models were developed to capture the nucleation and growth kinetics of colloidal metal nanoparticles under different synthetic conditions (different types of solvents, different concentrations of ligand and metal). In-situ SAXS was further employed to measure the average diameter, concentration of nanoparticles, and polydispersity during the synthesis and extract the nucleation and growth rates (evolution of concentration of nanoparticles and size). First, an average-property model was developed to account for ligand-metal bindings and capture the size and concentration of nanoparticles during the synthesis. Then, a more complex modeling approach; PBM, accompanied by the thermodynamic calculations of surface growth and ligand-nanoparticle binding enthalpies was implemented to capture the size distribution. As it will be shown later, the determination of the underlying mechanisms resulted in a highly predictive kinetic model capable of predicting the synthetic conditions to obtain nanoparticles with desired sizes. The proposed methodology can serve as a powerful tool to synthesize nanoparticles with specific sizes and polydispersity.
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Maistry, Pravin Mark. "Aspalathus and Podalyria legumes balance acquisition of phosphorus and nitrogen for growth in nutrient poor fynbos soils." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15705.
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Legume species nodulate and grow successfully in the Core Cape Subregion, a Mediterranean-climate ecosystem with fynbos vegetation found on infertile soils. The physiological mechanisms enabling tolerance of low availability of phosphorus (P) are yet to be reported in Cape legume species such as Aspalathus linearis and Podalyria calyptrata; species that demonstrated traits typical of plants from nutrient poor soils. In the three research chapters of the thesis, it was anticipated that low P supply would limit plant growth and increase expression of traits for P acquisition.
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Perera, Withanage Mala Kanthimathi. "Growth performance, nitrogen balance and protein turnover of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)) under different dietary regimens." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU068326.
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This thesis presents the results of a series of experiments carried out to determine if bacterial single-cell protein (BSCP) could replace fishmeal in a pelleted diet in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)) and to investigate the quantitative lysine requirement of this species using a methodology for the measurement of individual food consumption rates viz. radiography. In the first investigation, four diets were formulated to contain a total of 45.8% crude protein of which 0% was from BSCP in BSCP-0, 25% in BSCP-25, 62.5% BSCP-62.5 and 100% in BSCP-100; the remainder of the protein being from fishmeal. Food consumption rates of individual fish were measured using radiography. The results show that 100% BSCP diet resulted in significantly higher food consumption rates but was associated with a reduction in N absorption efficiency, growth rates and N growth efficiencies when compared to the diet that contained no BSCP. The diet containing 25% BSCP did not significantly influence growth rates, food consumption or absorption efficiency when compared with a 100% fishmeal diet. Construction of N budgets demonstrated that the reduction in growth of fish eating an increasingly larger proportion of BSCP was due to a decrease in N absorption and an increase in the excretion of urea. The nutrient absorption efficiency shows that even though the four dietary groups were well balanced in terms of known amino acid requirements in trout, fish fed on the BSCP-100 diet absorbed below requirement level in respect of some amino acids due to the poor absorption efficiency of this diet.
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Santos, André Luís Mota dos. "Fragilidade financeira e restrição no balanço de pagamentos : uma abordagem pós-keynesiana." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286233.
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Orientador: David Dequech FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo desenvolver uma família de modelos formais em que sejam consideradas restrição no balanço de pagamentos e fragilidade financeira, sendo esta tomada no sentido minskyano. O trabalho está organizado em cinco capítulos, levando em conta a apresentação e as últimas observações. O segundo capítulo tem por objetivo analisar os dois principais modelos de crescimento com inspiração minskyana, além de revisar aspectos principais da teoria de Minsky e tecer considerações sobre as hipóteses da instabilidade e da fragilidade em uma economia aberta. O terceiro capítulo trata dos principais modelos de crescimento com restrição no balanço de pagamentos, cuja expressão mais conhecida é a Lei de Thirlwall. No capítulo posterior, faz-se uma tentativa de empreender o tratamento de restrição no balanço de pagamentos e de fragilidade financeira num único modelo. Especificações diferentes para a variação do prêmio de risco permitem a construção de uma família de modelos, sendo que dois destes exigem resolução numérica e um é passível de interpretação geométrica (qualitativa). Este, no curto prazo, é capaz de descrever o mecanismo de stop-and-go, que economias com restrição ao crescimento dada pelo balanço de pagamentos enfrentam, além de expressar a fragilidade financeira na conta corrente. No longo prazo, novamente surge a Lei de Thirlwall, com o adendo de que importam também os valores atribuídos no longo prazo à taxa de juros e ao prêmio de risco para o resgate de dívida. Por outro lado, realizando simulações com os modelos que exigem resolução numérica, utilizando valores estimados ou observados para parte dos parâmetros e atribuindo valores a outros, os resultados não são favoráveis para a economia brasileira. Uma observação, porém, é que os modelos que utilizam métodos numéricos precisam ser modificados, a fim de serem utilizados ¿dados de entrada¿ com boa precisão
Abstract: The main objective of this dissertation is to develop a family of formal models in which balance-of-payments constrains and financial fragility have being considered, in the sense considered by Minsky. This work is organized in five chapters, considering the presentation and the last observations. The second chapter has as objective analyze the two main growth models based on Minsky inspiration, revising the main aspects of the Minsky¿s theory and to make considerations on the hypothesis of the instability and of the fragility in an open economy. The third chapter treats the most relevants growth models with constrains on balance-of-payments. In the next chapter, it is made an attempt of undertaking the constrains on balance-of-payments and the financial fragility, both two aspects treated in a single model. Different specifications of the risk prize variation allows the construction of a family of models, in which two of these demand numeric resolution and one is susceptible to geometric interpretation (qualitative). This model, in short-term, is capable to describe the stop-and-go mechanism, that economies with growth restriction caused by balance-of-payments faces, besides express the financial fragility in the current account. In long-term, Thirlwall¿s law appears again, with the addendum that also values attributed in long-term to interest rate and risk prize of debt rescue have importance. On the other hand, realizing simulations with the models that demand numeric resolution, using estimated values or observed as part of the parameters and attributing values to the others, the results are unfavorable for the Brazilian economy. An observation, however, it is that the models that use numeric methods need to be modified, in order to ¿input data¿ be used with good precision
Mestrado
Teoria Economica
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
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Harrison, Lydia Margaret. "Effects of alteration of the dietary amino acid balance on brain neurotransmitter concentrations and patterns of growth and food intake in the chick." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28203.
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Luy, Marc. "Mortalitätsanalyse in der Historischen Demographie : die Erstellung von Periodensterbetafeln unter Anwendung der Growth-Balance-Methode und statistischer Testverfahren /." Wiesbaden : VS Verl. f. Sozialwiss, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/472613839.pdf.
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Univ., Diss. u.d.T.: Mortalitätsanalyse in der Historischen Demographie--Rostock, 2004, die Erstellung von Periodensterbetafeln unter Anwendung der Growth-Balance-Methode und statistischer Testverfahren.Literaturverz. S. 177 - 202.
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Moreno, Brid Juan Carlos. "Essays on economic growth and the balance-of-payments constraint, with special reference to the case of Mexico." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621009.
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Mazzi, Caio Torres 1987. "Um modelo stock-flow consistent (SFC) com crescimento restrito pelo balanço de pagamentos." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286064.
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Orientador: Antonio Carlos Macedo e SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Este trabalho busca integrar dois importantes ramos da literatura pós-keynesiana: a chamada abordagem stock-flow consistent (SFC), cujas origens estão em trabalhos como Godley e Cripps (1983) e Godley (1997), entre outros; e a teoria do crescimento restrito pelo balanço de pagamentos (BPC), inaugurada no modelo seminal de Thirlwall (1979). Após uma breve revisão bibliográfica de ambas as literaturas, são construídas um modelo stock-flow consistent com crescimento e restrição externa. Utiliza-se o modelo para simular diferentes tipos de fluxos internacionais de capitais, que demonstram ter efeitos bastante distintos sobre a economia local
Abstract: The aim of this dissertation is the integration of two important branches of the Post Keynesian literature: the so called stock-flow consistent (SFC) approach, with origins that can be found in Godley and Cripps (1983) and Godley (1997), among others; and the theory of balance of payments constrained growth (BPC), initiated in the seminal model of Thirlwall (1979). After a brief review of both literatures, a stock-flow consistent model with growth and a balance of payments constraint is developed. The model is used to simulate international capital flows of various kinds, which demonstrate to have very different effects on the local economy
Mestrado
Ciências Economicas
Mestre em Ciências Econômicas
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Francke, Pedro, and Waldo Mendoza. "El grado de orientación pro-pobre de las políticas económicas peruanas: una revisión bibliográfica." Economía, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117707.
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This paper is a balance of the Peruvian economic policies, taken by government inthe last decade. We focus on determining, based on the available literature, whetheror not these polices have improved the economic well-being of poor people. Furthermore,this balance allow us to give the agenda for future research on these areas, aswell as to shed some light about the pro-poor necessary policies. There are several policies that have been taken into account in this balance. Macroeconomicpolicies; trade and investment policies; specific sector promotion policies(agriculture, industry and mining sector); labor (both formal and informal), capitaland land markets; regulation of goods and services markets (telecommunications andelectricity); taxation policies; public expenditure; security and risk management mechanismsand, finally, regional policies.La década de 1990, en el Perú, estuvo marcada por un conjunto de profundos cambios en materia de política económica. Este trabajo hace un balance de las políticas económicas tomadas en función de su contribución al empeoramiento o mejoramiento del nivel de vida de los pobres. Asimismo, este balance nos permite arrojar algunas luces acerca de las políticas necesarias, así como darnos cuenta de cuáles son los temas no abordados y las investigaciones pendientes para los futuros años de investigación. Las políticas consideradas se refieren a la política macroeconómica; el comercio internacional y la inversión; las políticas sectoriales (sector agrícola, industrial y minero); los mercados de trabajo (formal e informal), capital y tierras para zonas urbanas y rurales; la regulación de los mercados de bienes y servicios (telecomunicaciones y electricidad); la tributación; el gasto público; la seguridad y los mecanismos de manejo de riesgos y, por último, las políticas regionales.
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Smith, Tiffany N. "A New Perspective on the Work-Family Interface: Linking Achievement Motivation and Work-Family Balance." Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1777.
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The purpose of this study was to identify whether three achievement motivation variables (LGO, GNS, and AO) were positively related to work-family balance, and to investigate plausible interactions between these variables and work-family stressors on balance perceptions. Relationships of these variables to work-family conflict and facilitation outcomes were also analyzed in order to identify differential relationships. Data were collected from 428 individuals through a web-based survey. Results indicated that all three achievement motivation variables were clearly related favorably to work-family balance and facilitation, while only AO was negatively related to conflict. The relationships between schedule flexibility and all work-family outcomes were moderated by both LGO and GNS. The majority of proposed interactive effects between achievement motivation variables and work-family stressors on balance were not significant. However, several interactions were significant when conflict or facilitation served as the criterion measure. Overall, the results provide support for LGO, GNS, and AO as both direct and indirect contributors to work-family balance.
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Heckman, Melanie L. "A test of optimal defense theory vs. the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis as predictors of seaweed palatability and defenses." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42720.
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Because organisms have limited resources to allocate to multiple life history traits, the Optimal Defense Theory (ODT) and the Growth-Differentiation Balance Hypothesis (GDBH) were developed by terrestrial plant ecologists to predict intraindividual defense allocation based on the cost of defense and these life history trade-offs. However, these theories have garnered equivocal experimental support over the years and are rarely experimentally extended from predictions of plant physiology to the palatability of the tissues an herbivore experiences. We therefore examined tissue palatability, nutritional value, and defense mechanisms in multiple Dictyotalean seaweeds in two Caribbean locations, using two herbivores. Relative palatability of tissues varied greatly with algal species, grazer species, and location. Because older bases were not consistently defended, GDBH did not predict relative palatability. We could not reject ODT without intensive measures of tissue fitness value and herbivore risk, and this theory was therefore not useful in making broad predictions of tissue palatability. In testing the physiological predictions of these theories, we found the young, growing apices of these seaweeds to be generally more nutritionally valuable than the old, anchoring bases and found organic-rich apices to be more chemically deterrent, thus supporting ODT. However, the combined chemical, nutritional, and structural traits of these algae all influenced herbivore choice. As a result, these patterns of apical value and chemical defense reflected palatability of live tissues for only one of five algal species, which rendered ODT and GDBH poor predictors of relative palatability for most algae.
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Nielsen, Susan Bjerregaard. "The First-Feed Study : milk intake, energy balance and growth in infants exclusively breast-fed to 6 months of age." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4378/.
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The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breast-feeding until 6 months of age, where exclusive breast-feeding is defined as giving human breast milk only with no other foods or fluids. This recommendation has since been adopted by many countries. A systematic review of studies in exclusively breast-fed infants by Reilly and colleagues found a mean milk intake at 6 months of age that seemed too low to cover infant energy requirements. However, the evidence was relatively scarce, only from cross-sectional studies and based on the method of test-weighing, which has been criticised for under-estimating milk intake. Furthermore, longitudinal studies indicated no marked increase in milk intake over time, but these studies did not include measurements at 6 months of age. Reilly and Wells proposed the hypothesis that for exclusive breast-feeding to adequately cover infant energy requirements to 6 months of age, either 1) infants had to be unusually small, or 2) breast milk energy content had to be unusually high, or 3) milk intake had to be unusually high. The Reilly-Wells hypothesis was backed up by evidence of a world-wide low prevalence of exclusive breast-feeding to 6 months, and by studies consistently reporting a maternally perceived insufficient milk supply as a major reason for mothers to cease exclusive breast-feeding and introduce either formula supplementation or complementary foods. Based on the Reilly-Wells hypothesis, the research question for the First-Feed study was: To explore how exclusive breast-feeding to 6 months of age is achievable – mainly from an energy balance point of view. The First-Feed study tested the hypothesis that successful exclusive breast-feeding to 6 months of age would include 1) infants that were small and/or growing slowly, 2) milk intakes and/or milk energy content that were higher than literature values and increasing over time, 3) infant energy requirements that were lower than reference values, and/or 4) infant feeding practices that were strained by very frequent and/or very time consuming breast-feeds. The study was designed as the first longitudinal observational study to use an isotopic method to measure milk intake and energy balance in exclusively breast-fed infants to 6 months of age, and it evaluated parts of the methodology employed in the study, in order to appreciate the results in light of the methodological strengths and limitations. The First-Feed study found that infants were overall of normal size and growing well relative to WHO Child Growth Standards. Metabolisable milk intakes were significantly higher than the values obtained by Reilly and colleagues at both 3½ and 6 months of age, and increased significantly over time. Infant energy requirements, determined as metabolisable energy intake, was significantly higher than references for mean energy requirements at 3½ months of age, while it was appropriate at 6 months of age. Breast-feeding practices showed no change over time in feeding frequency, but a significant decrease in time spent on breast-feeds. The First-Feed study had several limitations. Firstly, due to the inclusion criteria of exclusive breast-feeding, the participants were characterised as an affluent and well-supported sample of mother-infant pairs, who were highly motivated to breast-feed. Therefore, the generalisability of the present study to other populations should be accepted with caution. Secondly, the anthropometric measurements were prone to imprecision, as is often the case in field studies. Thirdly, the imprecision of the dose-to-infant procedure for administration of doubly-labelled water considerably reduced the precision of the doubly-labelled water method. This, in addition to the biological variation, increased the variation in some outcome variables. However, the First-Feed study is unique as it is the first to use a more objective method to measure milk intake in a longitudinal design, and on a sample of infants with a very high success rate of exclusive breast-feeding to 6 months of age. The WHO changed the recommendation on exclusive breast-feeding from 4 – 6 months to 6 months (exactly) in 2001. Since then, many resources have been invested in breast-feeding promotion, but rates of initiation, duration and exclusivity is only slowly improving. The present study supports that exclusive breast-feeding can adequately cover infant energy requirements to 6 months of age - even without undue strain on breast-feeding practices and even in mothers where initial breast-feeding problems were very common. However, the present study found a wide variation in both infant size, milk intake and energy requirements. It therefore begs the question if a recommendation based on one age-point (6 months exactly) is appropriate given the vast biological variation in variables that are important for the adequacy of exclusive breast-feeding, or if the recommendation should be adapted to include developmental milestones (e.g. oral motor skills) indicative of readiness for complementary foods.
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Barbour, George W. "The growth response of the broiler chick to changes in the protein source and amino acid balance of the diet /." The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487599963593176.
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Llewellyn, Samantha. "Influence of Energy Balance on the Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in the Reproductive Tract of Post Partum in Dairy Cows." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498513.
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Whyte, Sashana. "Essays on the impact of export earnings instability on growth, investment, the balance of payments and external debt in the Caribbean." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/66355/.
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This thesis contains four essays that investigate export earnings instability in the Caribbean. The investigation of this topic begins by exploring the causes of export earnings instability and extends to the impact this has on key macroeconomic variables in the economies of Caribbean countries, namely growth; investment; the balance of payments, and external debt. The first essay focuses on calculating the level of export earnings instability, exploring which group of exports contribute most to the level of instability and investigating the causes of export earnings instability for 15 Caribbean countries. The main findings of the study indicate that export earnings instability in the Caribbean is relatively stable when compared to other small island developing countries. In addition, the analysis produces results that are consistent with the literature on the causes of export earnings instability in developing countries. Specifically, the results show that the share of raw material exports in total exports and commodity concentration are the main causes of export earnings instability in the region. The second essay examines whether in addition to the conventional determinants of economic growth, export earnings instability affects economic growth in the region. The findings of the essay show that while investment and export growth are positive contributors to economic growth, export earnings instability reduces economic growth in the region. The study estimates that a one standard deviation increase in export earnings instability reduces economic growth by an average of 0.035 percentage points. This result underlines the importance of addressing export earnings instability in the Caribbean in order to foster economic growth and development. The third essay studies the determinants of private investment in the region and tries to ascertain whether export earnings instability makes a difference to the behaviour of private investment in the Caribbean. The findings in this essay show that the level of investment in the Caribbean is driven by real GDP growth and the availability of credit (credit to the private sector). In addition, contrary to the relationship outlined in the theoretical literature, the real interest rate is insignificant. Export earnings instability does not seem to have a statistically significant effect on private investment at the regional level. The fourth essay uses conventional export and import demand functions to ascertain the drivers of the balance of payments and the effect of export earnings instability on the balance of payments. In addition, the essay tries to assess the determinants of external debt and the influence of export earnings instability on the level of external debt. The main findings are: (i) the current account and trade balance are negatively related to domestic income growth and positively related to world income growth, as theory predicts; (ii) the real exchange rate has a positive and significant effect on the current account balance but no statistically significant effect on the trade balance; (iii) the current account has a negative effect on external debt, while the debt service ratio has a positive relationship effect on external debt; and (iv) export earnings instability does not seem to have a statistically significant effect on the balance of payments or external debt in the Caribbean.
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Haffner, Stephanie C. "Has the Franco-German Power Balance in the European Union Tipped in Favor of Germany?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/194.
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The power balance between France and Germany in the European Union has been one of great discussion and debate. Countless journalists and scholars have argued that Germany’s power has risen gradually against the seemingly perpetually stronger France over the past sixty years, and is now finally set to surpass France; but how true are these claims? How can power within the EU truly be measured? Through an analysis of Franco-German collaboration through unionization, a critique of the contemporary discourse on the relationship, and an examination of changing contributions to the EU budget, my paper argues that the Franco-German power balance has never been truly equal, as Germany has continually been the largest source of economic power in the European Union since its creation.
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Melia, Roberta. "Effects of viticultural practices on the characteristics of berries and grape seeds in threee grape varieties." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8634.
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Mestrado Vinifera EuroMaster - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe characteristics of the berries and the seeds of two Sicilian cultivars compared to an international variety have been studied to gain a better understanding of some aspects concerning the reproductive process and fruit set in grapevine. Particularly, the empty-seededness phenomenon and its impact have been investigated by performing some viticultural practices in a randomized complete block in a wine grape vineyard located in the North-West Sicily, South Italy. This phenomenon led to empty seeds due to the embryo that aborts later becoming very small and endosperm that shrivel and degenerate, leaving them more or less hollow. It was evaluated how the performed treatments may affect these aspects evaluating their impact on the vegetative growth and productive activity. The leaf removal appeared suitable to prevent empty-seededness phenomenon decreasing floater seeds number in cultivars Grillo and Merlot, whereas in cv Nero D’Avola the tipping treatment was particularly relevant reducing the floater seed percentage
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Moutahir, Hassane. "Likely effects of climate change on water resources and vegetation growth period in the province of Alicante, southeastern Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/70649.
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Carvalho, Veridiana Ramos da Silva. "A restrição externa e a perda de dinamismo da economia brasileira: investigando as relações entre estrutura produtiva e crescimento econômico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-05102006-104604/.
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O objetivo central desta dissertação é analisar a perda de dinamismo do crescimento econômico brasileiro a partir da década de 80, utilizando a abordagem keynesiana de crescimento com restrição externa. De acordo com os resultados obtidos neste trabalho, pode-se dizer que o crescimento econômico brasileiro de 1930-2004 foi aquele compatível com o equilíbrio do balanço de pagamentos e que o câmbio real e fluxo de capitais têm um papel reduzido na obtenção do equilíbrio externo de longo prazo. Complementarmente, a perda de dinamismo do crescimento do PIB, a partir da década de 80, pode ser explicada por uma maior perversidade desse equilíbrio. Na década de 80, o equilíbrio externo tornou-se mais perverso devido aos componentes fluxo de capitais e câmbio real. Já nos anos 90, o Novo Modelo Econômico provocou uma quebra estrutural na elasticidade da renda das importações, fazendo com que o equilíbrio externo, agora, ocorra a uma taxa de crescimento da renda interna mais baixa. A correlação entre crescimento, restrição externa e padrão de especialização da estrutura produtiva é uma discussão subjacente a todo o desenvolvimento do trabalho.The main aim of this work is to analise the less dynamic economic growth of Brazil since the eighties, using the keynesian approach of Balance-of-Payment Constrained Growth. The results reveal that Brazilian growth between 1930 and 2004 was Balance-of-Payments Constrained and that, capital flows and real exchange rate had a moderate role to achive the balance of payment equilibrium. Furthermore, the less dynamic Brazilian economic growth since the eighties can be explained by a more perverse balance of payment equilibrium. In the eighties, capital flows and real exchange rate were responsible for this result. In the nineties, there was a structural change in the income elasticity of demand for imports, leading to a lower economic growth rate. The relations between growth, balance-of-payment constrains and structure of production are intrinsic in the development of this essay.
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Gray, JImmie V. "Organizational Growth: The Impact of Lean Six Sigma on Financial and Non-Financial Performance for Nonprofits." Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1620348674324962.
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Eva, Mia Siska. "IMPACT OF RAPID DEVELOPMENT GROWTH ON WATER RESOURCES SITUATION IN TOURISM DEPENDENT ECONOMY : A CASE STUDY OF BALI, INDONESIA." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/231990.
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付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラムKyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第21057号
工博第4421号
新制||工||1687(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻
(主査)教授 寶 馨, 教授 田中 茂信, 准教授 佐山 敬洋
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Chaibi, M. Thameur. "Greenhouse systems with integrated water desalination for arid areas based on solar energy /." Alnarp : Dept. of Agricultural Biosystems and Technology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a389.pdf.
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Li, Huayu. "Process measurements and kinetics of unseeded batch cooling crystallization." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53503.
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This thesis describes the development of an empirical model of focus beam reflectance measurements (FBRM) and the application of the model to monitoring batch cooling crystallization and extracting information on crystallization kinetics.
Batch crystallization is widely used in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries to purify and separate solid products. The crystal size distribution (CSD) of the final product greatly influences the product characteristics, such as purity, stability, and bioavailability. It also has a great effect on downstream processing. To achieve a desired CSD of the final product, batch crystallization processes need to be monitored, understood, and controlled.
FBRM is a promising technique for in situ determination of the CSD. It is based on scattering of laser light and provides a chord-length distribution (CLD), which is a complex function of crystal geometry. In this thesis, an empirical correlation between CSDs and CLDs is established and applied in place of existing first-principles FBRM models. Built from experimental data, the empirical mapping of CSD and CLD is advantageous in representing some effects that are difficult to quantify by mathematical and physical expressions. The developed model enables computation of the CSD from measured CLDs, which can be followed during the evolution of the crystal population during batch cooling crystallization processes.
Paracetamol, a common drug product also known as acetaminophen, is selected as the model compound in this thesis study. The empirical model was first established and verified in a paracetamol-nonsolvent (toluene) slurry, and later applied to the paracetamol-ethanol crystallization system. Complementary to the FBRM measurements, solute concentrations in the liquid phase were determined by in situ infrared spectra, and they were jointly implemented to monitor the crystallization process.
The framework of measuring the CSD and the solute concentration allows the estimation of crystallization kinetics, including those for primary nucleation, secondary nucleation, and crystal growth. These parameters were determined simultaneously by fitting the full population balance model to process measurements obtained from multiple unseeded paracetamol-ethanol crystallization runs.
The major contributions of this thesis study are (1) providing a novel methodology for using FBRM measurements to estimate CSD; (2) development of an experimental protocol that provided data sets rich in information on crystal growth and primary and secondary nucleation; (3) interpretation of kinetics so that appropriate model parameters could be extracted from fitting population balances to experimental data; (4) identification of the potential importance of secondary nucleation relative to primary nucleation. The protocol and methods developed in this study can be applied to other systems for evaluating and improving batch crystallization processes.
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Souto, Artur Moreira. "Distribuição pessoal da renda e elasticidade renda da demanda por importações no Brasil: evidências a partir de regressões quantílicas para o período 2002-2009." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12138/tde-22022016-153505/.
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Esta dissertação busca contribuir para a literatura sobre as elaticidades renda da demanda por importações. Mais especificamente, procura analisar em que medida a questão da distribuição pessoal da renda se relaciona com estas elasticidades para o Brasil. O país apresentou nos anos 2000 um processo singular de desenvolvimento, marcado por crescimento econômico com distribuição de renda. Analisa-se este processo através das perspectivas da teoria do crescimento sob restrição externa e da teoria da CEPAL, que consideram a elasticidade renda das importações um dos determinantes fundamentais ao processo de desenvolvimento. A indústria brasileira cresceu, como resposta tanto à expansão do consumo interno e quanto à dinâmica favorável internacional para os produtos da indústria extrativa. Já a indústria de transformação se voltou para dentro, uma vez que apresentou crescimento mas reduziu suas exportações. Entretanto, a penetração das importações desta indústria também aumentou. Tendo este cenário como motivação, realiza-se um exercício empírico de estimativa das elasticidades renda da demanda por importações a partir de dados de consumo das Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares dos biênios 2002-2003 e 2008-2009, com o objetivo de comparar a evolução das elasticidades para diferentes classes de renda. Os resultados sugerem que, apesar da melhora na distribuição de renda e da subsequente expansão do consumo, a indústria nacional não atendeu à demanda. A elasticidade renda da demanda por importações aumentou, e o aumento foi maior para as classes mais pobres.This dissertation aims to contribute to the literature on the import elasticities. More specifically, it seeks to analyze how personal income distribution relates to import elasticities for Brazil. The country presented in 2000 a unique development process, marked by economic growth and income distribution. This work analyzes that process through the perspectives of the theory of growth under external constraint and the ECLAC theory, considering the income elasticity of imports one of the key determinants in the development process. The Brazilian industry grew in response to both the expansion of domestic consumption and the international favorable dynamics for primary products. The manufacturing industry turned inward as it grew but reduced its exports. However, the import penetration in the industry also increased. Taking this scenario as motivation, this work carried out an empirical exercise of estimating income elasticities of demand for imports from consumption data from Pesquisas de Orçamentos Familiares of 2002-2003 and 2008-2009, in order to compare the evolution of import elasticities for different income classes. The results suggest that, despite the improvement in income distribution and the subsequent expansion of consumption, the domestic industry was unable to meet demand. The income elasticity of demand for imports increased, and the increase was greater for the poorer classes.
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Lebon, Michel Thomas. "Etude de la dynamique de bulles formées en paroi par injection ou ébullition : effet de la gravité et des forces hydrodynamiques." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17480/7/lebon_michel.pdf.
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La croissance et le détachement des bulles formées sur une paroi par injection ou ébullition sont présents dans de nombreuses situationsindustrielles (les contacteurs gaz/liquide, les évaporateurs ou des dispositifs d’impression à jet d’encre). Dans la plupart des applications, les bulles grossissent dans un écoulement cisaillé ou au repos et la plupart des études visent à prévoir le rayon de détachement par une analyse de l’équilibre des forces. Ainsi, une bonne modélisation des forces capillaires et hydrodynamiques est nécessaire pour prédire correctement le rayonau détachement. Dans un premier temps, la croissance quasi-statique d’une bulle d’air formée sur la paroi d’une cuve et d’un canal rectangulaire est étudiée. Trois substrats différents sont utilisés pour observer l’influence des conditions de mouillage. La dynamique de la croissance de la bulle et le détachement sont alors enregistrés différentes configurations : canal horizontal, canal incliné, avec et sans écoulement liquide. Ensuite,le comportement des bulles de vapeurs en croissance sur une paroi en ébullition en vase et convective est étudié. Les expériences sonteffectuées en gravité terrestre et en microgravité dans un liquide sous-refroidi (HFE 7000) à basse pression (1-2bars). Des bulles de vapeurssont nuclées sur la paroi par l’intermédiaire d’un générateur de bulles. Ce dernier chauffe le liquide environnant au-dessus de sa température de saturation. Les bulles croient sur le site de nucléation dans un écoulement cisaillé et se détachent soit directement soit en glissant le long de la paroi. Une copie de la cellule d’essai appelée RUBI développée par l’ESA est implémentée dans le dispositif expérimental pour effectuer lespremières expériences en microgravité avant son lancement dans la station spatiale ISS. Toutes les acquisitions sont filmées à l’aide d’une caméra rapide et l’extraction du contour de la bulle est réalisée par traitement d’images. Différentes forces agissant sur une bulle sont calculées à partir des paramètres géométriques de la bulle. Un modèle prédictif de détachement de bulles est proposé. Enfin, un bilan thermique diphasique est effectué.
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Soukiazis, Elias. "The endogeneity of factor inputs and the importance of balance of payments on growth : an empirical study for the OECD countries with special reference to Greece and Portugal." Thesis, University of Kent, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282280.
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Kudrimoti, Sanjay. "Two essays on financial condition of firms." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002734.
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Hemmer-Brepson, Claire. "Effets de la température sur la balance oxydative de vertébrés ectothermes aquatiques à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles et conséquences sur les traits d'histoire de vie : modèle poisson." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4354.
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Le réchauffement climatique a des conséquences sur la phénologie, les aires de répartition et la taille des organismes. Cependant, les processus physiologiques sous-jacents à ces phénomènes restent peu connus. Les ectothermes dont le métabolisme est positivement corrélé à la température pourraient montrer, sous réchauffement climatique, une production accrue d'espèces réactives de l'oxygène (ERO). Ces ERO ont été depuis quelques décennies définis comme l'un des mécanismes physiologiques sous-jacents aux stratégies d'histoire de vie. Dans cette thèse, nous avons exploré la physiologie oxydative de poissons dans des contextes thermiques variés et ses conséquences sur la gestion des traits d'histoire de vie. Nos approches expérimentales et de terrains menées sur Oryzias latipes, Perca fluviatilis & Rutilus rutilus, nous ont permis de montrer ces liens. Ces résultats sont à compléter, notamment sur le terrain où de nombreux effets confondants ont rendu les conclusions difficilesGlobal warming affects the phenology, range and body-sizes of species. However, the underlying physiological processes remain poorly understood. Ectothermic organisms, whose metabolism is positively correlated with temperature, would show an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under global warming. These ROS have been proposed to be one of the physiological triggers of the life history strategies. In this thesis, we explored the oxidative physiology of fish in different warming contexts and their effects on life-history traits. Our experimental and field approaches on Oryzias latipes, Perca fluviatilis & Rutilus rutilus, allowed us highlight these links. However, further studies are necessary, especially in natura where many confounding effects have made conclusions difficult
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Marinho, Ligia Borges. "Irrigação plena e com déficit em pimenta cv. Tabasco em ambiente protegido." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11143/tde-13092011-091218/.
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O déficit de irrigação tem sido utilizado como uma das mais vantajosas estratégias de economia de água, redução dos custos com irrigação e custo de oportunidade de água. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação plena e com déficits em duas épocas distintas, no crescimento da planta, nas relações hídricas e parâmetros de produção e qualidade da pimenta cv. Tabasco (Capsicum frutescens). Como objetivo secundário avaliar o método da sonda de dissipação térmica (SDT) na estimativa da transpiração da pimenta Tabasco. O experimento foi desenvolvido em ambiente protegido, no Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas na Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz ESALQ-USP, em Piracicaba-SP, de setembro de 2009 a agosto de 2010. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, lâminas de irrigação de 40, 60, 80 e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura (Etc), inicializadas aos 39 dias após o transplantio - DAT (E1) e aos 59 DAT (E2). Aferiu-se a altura da planta (AP) e o comprimento de fruto (CF), o diâmetro do fruto (DF) e do caule da planta (DCP). Mediu-se a temperatura da folha aos 176 DAT, com termômetro de infravermelho e o potencial da água na folha antes do amanhecer falv, aos 59, 96 e 110 DAT, com câmara de pressão. O número de frutos (NF), a massa fresca de frutos por planta (MFFP) e a massa total de frutos por planta (MTFP) foram quantificados. Calculou-se a taxa de incremento de crescimento (TMICP) e do diâmetro do caule da planta (TMIDCP). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância para testar a significância das lâminas de irrigação (plena e com restrição) diferenciadas na E1 e E2 e, quando significativo, determinou-se a tendência por meio de análise de regressão. Foram instaladas sondas de dissipação térmica - SDT em 29 plantas com 8 meses de idade. A equação para estimativa do fluxo de seiva foi calibrada tendo como padrão medidas lisimétricas em uma planta. Os volumes de irrigação totais aplicados variaram de 160 (E1L40) a 362 L planta-1 (L100), num ciclo de 208 DAT. Houve efeito significativo da irrigação plena e com déficit aplicado a partir da fase vegetativa e de floração sobre a AP, DCP, TMICP, TMIDCP, folha antes do amanhecer, temperatura média da folha, NFP, sendo o modelo linear o que melhor se ajustou. A MMFP não variou com o déficit, nem com as épocas de inicialização. O déficit de irrigação 40% Etc imposto na E2 permitiu economia de até 49,8% de água no ciclo de 208 DAT. O déficit de irrigação afetou a produção da pimenta, mas o mesmo não foi observado para a sua qualidade física. Há maior influência do déficit de irrigação na relação hídrica da pimenteira quando aplicado a partir da fase de floração. O método da SDT, com ajuste da calibração original, correção das diferenças térmicas naturais e uma correta amostragem na determinação da área do xilema, é eficaz na avaliação da transpiração de pimenta Tabasco. Palavras-chave: Capsicum frutescens; Restrição de irrigação; Estresse hídrico; Sonda de dissipação de calorThe deficit irrigation has been used as one of the most advantageous strategies for saving water, reducing costs witch irrigation and the opportunity cost of water. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of full irrigation and with deficits in two different periods in plant growth, water relations, production parameters and quality of pepper cv. Tabasco (Capsicum frutescens). As a secondary objective method to evaluate the thermal dissipation probe (SDT) in the estimation of transpiration pepper \'Tabasco\'. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Biosystems Engineering Department at the Escola Superior de Agricultura \"Luiz de Queiroz\" - ESALQ-USP, Piracicaba-SP, from September 2009 to August 2010. The experiment was conduced as randomized block design with four replications and irrigation levels of 40, 60, 80 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (Etc), beginning 39 days after transplanting - DAT (E1) and 59 DAT (E2) . The plant height (PH), fruit length (FL), fruit diameter (FD) and the stem diameter (SD) were measured. Leaf temperature was measured upon 176 DAT, with infrared thermometer, also the pre-dawn leaf water f predawn, at 59, 96 and 110 DAT, pressure chamber was measured. The fruit number (FN), average mass fruit per plant (AMFP) and the total mass of fruits per plant were (TMFP) are quantified. The rate growth increment (RGI) and the plant stem diameter (PSD), considering the current and previous evaluation were calculated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance to test the significance of irrigation (full and restricted) differentiated in E1 and E2, and when significant, the trend was determined by regression analysis. A heat dissipation probe - HDP were installed in 29 plants 8 months old. The equation to estimate the sap flow was calibrated using a lysimeter as a standard measure in a plant. The total volume of irrigation applied ranged from 160 (E1L40) to 362 L plant-1 (L100), in a cycle of 208 days from transplanting. There was a significant deficit and full irrigation started at vegetative stage and flowering on the PH, SD, RGI, PSD, f pre-dawn, average leaf temperature, FN been the linear model that best fitted. The average fruit plant mass did not vary with deficit neither with beginning time. The deficit irrigation 40% Etc in E2 allowed savings of up to 49.8% water consumption in a cycle 208 DAT. The deficit irrigation affected the pepper production witch was not observed for the physical quality of the fruits. There is greater influence of deficit irrigation on pepper water relation when applied from the flowering stage. It can be concluded the method of HDP, adjusting the original calibration, correction of the natural thermal differences and a correct sampling in determining the area of the xylem, is effective in evaluating the transpiration of pepper Tabasco.
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Lezcano, Johana Martinez. "Modelos de crescimento sob restrições externas: uma abordagem à la Thirlwall para o Mercosul." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2146.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-12This dissertation aims to analyze the long-term economic growth of member countries of Mercosur, making use of the Keynesian approach to growth under external constraint. In this context, we seek to test, empirically, the validity of Thirlwall's Law, in traditional and extended formulations, to Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay, between 1980-2008. Were employed econometric techniques of cointegration, in order to measure the income and price elasticities of demand for imports of these economies, individually. Furthermore, statistical tests were used to compare estimates of product to actual data. Thus, we intend to provide a better understanding of the role of restrictions arising from the Balance of Payments, on the long-term trajectory of growth of nations of the bloc. The results indicate the validity of Thirlwall s Law, over the period analyzed, arguing that the growth of the economies in question was restricted by the balance of the external sector.
A presente dissertação visa analisar o crescimento econômico de longo prazo dos países membros do Mercosul, valendo-se da abordagem keynesiana de crescimento sob restrição externa. Nesse contexto, busca-se testar, empiricamente, a validade da Lei de Thirlwall, nas formulações tradicional e estendidas, para a Argentina, Brasil, Paraguai e Uruguai, entre 1980-2008. Para tal, foram empregadas técnicas econométricas de cointegração, com o intuito de mensurar as elasticidades-renda e preço da demanda por importações dessas economias, individualmente. Além disso, foram utilizados testes estatísticos para comparar estimativas de produto a dados reais. Desta maneira, pretende-se proporcionar um melhor entendimento do papel desempenhado pelas restrições decorrentes do Balanço de Pagamentos, sobre a trajetória de crescimento, de longo prazo, das nações do bloco. Os resultados encontrados apontam para a validade da Lei de Thirlwall, ao longo do período analisado, sustentando que o crescimento das economias em questão foi restrito pelo equilíbrio do setor externo.
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Silva, Simone Fioritti. "A balança comercial do agronegócio brasileiro de 1989 a 2005:seus deteminantes, cenários e perspectivas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-07052007-143044/.
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Este trabalho analisa a contribuição do agronegócio para o saldo comercial do Brasil desde 1989 de sorte a que se possa antecipar a possibilidade de ocorrer conflitos entre a geração dos superávits do setor e a manutenção do custo de vida e da inflação sob controle. Há que se determinar relações entre taxas de câmbio, taxa de crescimento do PIB, preços internacionais de commodities assim como o comportamento da produtividade com o superávit comercial do agronegócio. Uma nova classificação de balança comercial do agronegócio foi criada e usada para analisar os lados dos produtos exportados - representados pelos produtos agrícolas não processados, produtos de origem animal não processados e alimentos industrializados e dos insumos importados – representados pelos fertilizantes - para o período de 1989 a 2005. Elaboraram-se modelos de importação e exportação a fim de retratar e explicar o comportamento dessas variáveis empregando a Análise de Auto-Regressões Vetoriais (Vector Autoregression Analysis, VAR). Pôde-se observar que um aumento de 1% na atratividade – dada pelo produto do câmbio e dos preços externos - impulsiona as exportações de produtos agrícolas não processados em 1,71% imediatamente, estabilizando-se em 2% após alguns trimestres. A atratividade explica de 60% a 74% da variância dos erros de previsão dessas exportações. Um aumento de 1% atratividade eleva os preços agrícolas em 0,29% de imediato e em pouco mais de 0,2% no longo prazo. A demanda externa por fertilizantes mostrou-se inelástica: 1% de aumento no seu custo eleva o valor das importações em 0,55%. Nota-se assim que uma desvalorização cambial, por exemplo, aumenta mais as exportações de produtos do que as importações de fertilizantes. Além disso, um crescimento de 1% no PIB doméstico exerce impacto expressivo (convergindo em - 1,7%) de contenção das exportações dos produtos agrícolas. Embora estes efeitos não tenham apresentado poder relevante de explicação dos erros de previsão, eles alertam para possíveis quedas no ritmo exportador do agronegócio face a uma retomada do crescimento econômico brasileiro. Nesse caso, cada ponto percentual de crescimento do PIB teria de ser compensado por idêntica desvalorização cambial para conter a demanda interna e manter as exportações. Salientase, entretanto, que a expansão das exportações do agronegócio tem-se dado sob incremento importante da produtividade, que pode ser o elemento capaz de compatibilizar o crescimento das exportações e o atendimento do mercado interno sem pressões inflacionárias relevantes.This study aims to analyze the agribusiness contribution to Brazil\'s trade balance since 1989 until 2005 to evaluate the possibility of conflicts involving surplus generation, cost of living and inflation. The study determines the relationships among interest rates, GDP growth rate, commodities international prices as well as the productivity behavior with the agribusiness trade surplus. A new classification of the agribusiness trade balance was proposed and used to analyze the aspects of the exported products –non processed agricultural products, non processed products of animal origin, industrialized foods and imported inputs – represented by fertilizers. Imports and exports vector autoregression models were used to explain the behavior of these variables. An increase of 1% in the attractiveness – product of the exchange rate by the international prices – boosts immediately the exports of non processed agricultural products by 1.71%, stabilizing at 2% after some trimesters. The attractiveness explains 60 to 74% of the forecast error variances of these exportats. An increase of 1% in the attractiveness raises the agricultural prices by 0.29% at the first moment and slightly higher than 0.2% in the long run. The demand for fertilizers is inelastic: an increase of 1% in price generates a rise in the imports value of 0.55%. It is noted, thus, that an exchange rate devaluation stimulates more the exports of products than it does the fertilizer imports. Besides, an increase of 1% of the GDP has an expressive impact (converging into -1.7%) on agricultural products exports. Although these effects have not presented relevant power to explain the forecast errors, they signal to a possible drop of the agribusiness exporting rhythm in the face of an economic recovery of the Brazilian economy. In this case each percent point of the GDP growth would have to be compensated by an identical devaluation of the exchange rate in order to keep the exports level. It is highlighted, however, that the expansion of agribusiness exports has been attributed to an important increase in productivity, which can be the element to balance the exportation growth and the domestic market demands without relevant inflationary pressures.
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Silva, Andrei de Lima e. "Crescimento econ?mico e restri??o externa: evid?ncias emp?ricas na economia brasileira (1991-2010)." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/14101.
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-29This study aims to investigate the influence of the balance of payments constrained on economic growth in Brazil from 1991 to 2010. With this order, are shown some of the Keynesian balance of payments constrained growth models, inspired by Thirlwall (1979) and Kaldor (1970), which are supported by important points in common, such as adherence to the principle of effective demand. Given that within this theoretical perspective, there is no consensus about the best model to explain the growth rate allowed by the balance of payments constraint, the results are presented by the representative of the empirical literature that addresses the topic, which are necessary for understand the Brazilian case. From the estimation of the income elasticity of imports (0.85) via autoregressive vectors with error correction (VEC), it was calculated five growth rates of income, as predicted by the models of Thirlwall (1979), Thirlwall and Hussain (1982), Moreno-Brid (1998, 2003) and Louren?o et al. (2011) and compared with the actual growth rate. The empirical analysis has shown that: it can not reject the presence of external constraint in the Brazilian economy, there is a strong similarity in growth rates provided by different modeling suggest that growth with external constraint. In addition, when using data in quarterly for the period after 1990 there are no factors that could cause instability in the parameters of the import function (income elasticity and price elasticity of imports) within the period, which indicates that the structural break widely associated with the year 1994 was not confirmed by this study
Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a influ?ncia da restri??o externa sobre o crescimento econ?mico brasileiro no per?odo de 1991 a 2010. Com este intuito, s?o apresentados alguns dos principais modelos keynesianos de crescimento restringido pela balan?a de pagamentos, inspirados por Thirlwall (1979) e Kaldor (1970), os quais s?o sustentados por importantes pontos em comum, como a ades?o ao princ?pio da demanda efetiva. Tendo em vista que, no ?mbito desta linha te?rica, n?o h? consenso sobre a modelagem que melhor explique a taxa de crescimento permitida pela restri??o externa, s?o apresentados os resultados encontrados por parte representativa da literatura emp?rica que trata do tema, que se faz necess?rio para um melhor entendimento do caso brasileiro. A partir da estima??o da elasticidade-renda das importa??es (0,85) atrav?s de vetores autorregressivos com corre??o de erros (VEC), foram calculadas cinco taxas de crescimento da renda, conforme previsto pelos modelos de Thirlwall (1979), Thirlwall e Hussain (1982), Moreno-Brid (1998; 2003) e Louren?o et al. (2011) e comparou-as com a taxa de crescimento efetiva. A an?lise emp?rica permitiu verificar que: n?o se pode rejeitar a presen?a de restri??o externa na economia brasileira; h? forte similaridade nas taxas de crescimento previstas pelos diferentes modelagens que prop?em o crescimento com restri??o externa. Al?m disso, ao se utilizar s?ries trimestrais para o per?odo p?s-1990, n?o existem fatores capazes de provocar instabilidade nos par?metros da fun??o de importa??o (elasticidade-renda e elasticidade-pre?o das importa??es) dentro do per?odo, o que indica que a quebra estrutural amplamente associada ao ano de 1994 n?o foi confirmada para o per?odo de an?lise deste estudo
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Poulter, Rachel. "Investigating the role of soil constraints on the water balance of some annual and perennial systems in a Mediterranean environment." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Agriculture, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0018.
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This thesis compares the in situ water balance of common annual production systems (wheat, lupin, subclover and serradella) with a grazed perennial system (lucerne) at a site in the Avon Catchment, Western Australia. Using a physically-based water balance approach the value of a plant based solution in redressing the hydrological imbalance that has become a feature of much of the dryland agricultural region of Western Australia is investigated. The effectiveness of lucerne in providing greater available storage for buffering large rainfall events, as compared to the annual systems, is illustrated. Continued transpiration following out-of-season rainfall events maintains a larger available storage capacity. In contrast, the annual systems that are fallow over summer only withdrew a small fraction of water by soil evaporation between rainfall events. Under annual systems, the profile moisture store was sequentially increased to the extent that additional increments of rainfall could potentially contribute to deep drainage. A particular focus of this study has been to investigate the presence of soil constraints to root growth, and to assess how these constraints affect the water balance. A site survey indicated the soil penetration resistance was sufficient to impose a physical constraint to root growth. Published literature on the site shows soil acidity is also at a level imposing chemical constraints to root growth. A root growth model “Rootmodel”, for predicting root growth with and without soil constraints is examined in detail as a method for providing root growth parameters for inclusion into the numerical water balance model, SWIM based on Richard’s equation. Functions developed from “Rootmodel” adequately describe the effect of profile limitations to root growth, such as soil strength, moisture availability and temperature. Recommendations are made for inclusion of a growth suppressing function in “rootmodel” based on the chemical limitation of low pH. The effects of soil acidity on the root growth of several species is investigated experimentally and the resultant root data provided a reference point by which the simplified prediction of root growth built into SWIM could be adjusted using a linear reduction function. A similar linear reduction function is also employed to impose a physical constraint in the form of high penetration resistance.
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Jensen, Martin Kaae. "Balanced growth, dynamic stability, and the turnpike /." Copenhagen, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/367161281.pdf.
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