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Journal articles on the topic 'Balance locale Excitation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 December 2024

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1

Umar, A., S. Ahmad, and T. K. Datta. "Stability Analysis of a Moored Vessel." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 126, no. 2 (2004): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1710873.

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A procedure for the stability analysis of a slack mooring system is presented for periodic wave excitation by finding its approximate response using a two term harmonic balance method (HBM). The conditions for determining the local and global stability of the approximate solutions are established using Hill’s variational approach and Floquet’s theory. A number of instability phenomena are identified for the mooring system for certain frequencies of excitations which fall outside the range of frequencies obtained from the analytically derived stability boundaries. The instability phenomena incl

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Hamaguchi, Kosuke, Alexa Riehle, and Nicolas Brunel. "Estimating Network Parameters From Combined Dynamics of Firing Rate and Irregularity of Single Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 105, no. 1 (2011): 487–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00858.2009.

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High firing irregularity is a hallmark of cortical neurons in vivo, and modeling studies suggest a balance of excitation and inhibition is necessary to explain this high irregularity. Such a balance must be generated, at least partly, from local interconnected networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, but the details of the local network structure are largely unknown. The dynamics of the neural activity depends on the local network structure; this in turn suggests the possibility of estimating network structure from the dynamics of the firing statistics. Here we report a new method to est

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Mariño, Jorge, James Schummers, David C. Lyon, et al. "Invariant computations in local cortical networks with balanced excitation and inhibition." Nature Neuroscience 8, no. 2 (2005): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nn1391.

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4

Zheng, Ying, Jing Jing Luo, Sam Harris, et al. "Balanced excitation and inhibition: Model based analysis of local field potentials." NeuroImage 63, no. 1 (2012): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.040.

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Lattuada, Enrico, Stefano Buzzaccaro, and Roberto Piazza. "Thermophoresis in self-associating systems: probing poloxamer micellization by opto-thermal excitation." Soft Matter 15, no. 10 (2019): 2140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8sm02386g.

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Renart, Alfonso, Rubén Moreno-Bote, Xiao-Jing Wang, and Néstor Parga. "Mean-Driven and Fluctuation-Driven Persistent Activity in Recurrent Networks." Neural Computation 19, no. 1 (2007): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.19.1.1.

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Spike trains from cortical neurons show a high degree of irregularity, with coefficients of variation (CV) of their interspike interval (ISI) distribution close to or higher than one. It has been suggested that this irregularity might be a reflection of a particular dynamical state of the local cortical circuit in which excitation and inhibition balance each other. In this “balanced” state, the mean current to the neurons is below threshold, and firing is driven by current fluctuations, resulting in irregular Poisson-like spike trains. Recent data show that the degree of irregularity in neuron

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Wang, Jiang, Ruixue Han, Xilei Wei, Yingmei Qin, Haitao Yu, and Bin Deng. "Weak signal detection and propagation in diluted feed-forward neural network with recurrent excitation and inhibition." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 02 (2016): 1550253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215502537.

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Reliable signal propagation across distributed brain areas provides the basis for neural circuit function. Modeling studies on cortical circuits have shown that multilayered feed-forward networks (FFNs), if strongly and/or densely connected, can enable robust signal propagation. However, cortical networks are typically neither densely connected nor have strong synapses. This paper investigates under which conditions spiking activity can be propagated reliably across diluted FFNs. Extending previous works, we model each layer as a recurrent sub-network constituting both excitatory (E) and inhib

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Anticevic, Alan, and John Lisman. "How Can Global Alteration of Excitation/Inhibition Balance Lead to the Local Dysfunctions That Underlie Schizophrenia?" Biological Psychiatry 81, no. 10 (2017): 818–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.12.006.

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Brunel, Nicolas, and Xiao-Jing Wang. "What Determines the Frequency of Fast Network Oscillations With Irregular Neural Discharges? I. Synaptic Dynamics and Excitation-Inhibition Balance." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 1 (2003): 415–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01095.2002.

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When the local field potential of a cortical network displays coherent fast oscillations (∼40-Hz gamma or ∼200-Hz sharp-wave ripples), the spike trains of constituent neurons are typically irregular and sparse. The dichotomy between rhythmic local field and stochastic spike trains presents a challenge to the theory of brain rhythms in the framework of coupled oscillators. Previous studies have shown that when noise is large and recurrent inhibition is strong, a coherent network rhythm can be generated while single neurons fire intermittently at low rates compared to the frequency of the oscill

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10

Jenkins, Edward B. "A Thermal Pressure Inside the Local Bubble, as Revealed by CI Fine-Structure Excitation." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 166 (1997): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100070676.

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AbstractUltraviolet absorption lines from carbon atoms within a neutral cloud inside or near the edge of the Local Bubble can reveal the thermal pressure of the gas, since the relative populations of the fine-structure levels are determined by a balance between collisional excitation and radiative decay. Features from a C I multiplet appearing in the uv spectrum of the star δ Cyg (l = 79°, b = +10°, d = 52 pc) were observed with the echelle spectrograph of the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph on HST. An interpretation of absorptions detected from the two lowest levels gives a thermal press

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Ueda, Ken-Ichi. "Present status and prospect of KrF laser physics and technology–large volume excitation and UV optics." Laser and Particle Beams 7, no. 3 (1989): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600007333.

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The physics and technology for e-beam generation, large volume excitation and the ultra-violet optics for high power KrF lasers is presented. The potential, due to the charge deposition, induces a return current in the plasma which balances the e-beam current. The local equilibrium mechanism stabilizes the large volume excitation using intense electron beams. The spatial and temporal characteristics of large aperture diodes are analyzed. Substantial progress in ultra violet optics in Japan has been achieved. The damage threshold of HR dielectric coating increases up to 11 J/cm2 by using low ab

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Lowe, B. "The role of Ca2+ in deflection-induced excitation of motile, mechanoresponsive balancer cilia in the ctenophore statocyst." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 11 (1997): 1593–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.11.1593.

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Motile, mechanoresponsive cilia (balancers) in ctenophore statocysts, like vertebrate hair cells, are excited or inhibited depending upon the direction in which they are deflected. Balancers, however, may become either excited (beat rapidly) or inhibited (beat slowly) by deflection in the same direction, depending on the sign of ctenophore geotaxis (positive or negative). The beat frequency of many cilia is controlled by concentrations of Ca2+, membrane potential and neural input. How these factors affect deflection-induced ciliary beating in balancers was investigated. Deflection-induced exci

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Vattikonda, Anirudh, Bapi Raju Surampudi, Arpan Banerjee, Gustavo Deco, and Dipanjan Roy. "Does the regulation of local excitation–inhibition balance aid in recovery of functional connectivity? A computational account." NeuroImage 136 (August 2016): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.002.

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14

Hu, Xiaoyu, Evan Chodora, Saurabh Prabhu, Akshay Gupte, and Sez Atamturktur. "Model calibration of locally nonlinear dynamical systems." Engineering Computations 36, no. 2 (2019): 466–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-10-2017-0419.

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PurposeThis paper aims to present an approach for calibrating the numerical models of dynamical systems that have spatially localized nonlinear components. The approach implements the extended constitutive relation error (ECRE) method using multi-harmonic coefficients and is conceived to separate the errors in the representation of the global, linear and local, nonlinear components of the dynamical system through a two-step process.Design/methodology/approachThe first step focuses on the system’s predominantly linear dynamic response under a low magnitude periodic excitation. In this step, the

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Fu, Xinghe, Dingyu Guo, Kai Hou, Hongchao Zhu, Wu Chen, and Da Xu. "Fault Diagnosis of an Excitation System Using a Fuzzy Neural Network Optimized by a Novel Adaptive Grey Wolf Optimizer." Processes 12, no. 9 (2024): 2032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12092032.

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As the excitation system is the core control component of a synchronous condenser system, its fault diagnosis is crucial for maximizing the reactive power compensation capability of the synchronous condenser. To achieve accurate diagnosis of excitation system faults, this paper proposes a novel adaptive grey wolf optimizer (AGWO) to optimize the initial weights and biases of the fuzzy neural network (FNN), thereby enhancing the diagnostic performance of the FNN model. Firstly, an improved nonlinear convergence factor is introduced to balance the algorithm’s global exploration and local exploit

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Ekelmans, Pierre, Nataliya Kraynyukovas, and Tatjana Tchumatchenko. "Targeting operational regimes of interest in recurrent neural networks." PLOS Computational Biology 19, no. 5 (2023): e1011097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011097.

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Neural computations emerge from local recurrent neural circuits or computational units such as cortical columns that comprise hundreds to a few thousand neurons. Continuous progress in connectomics, electrophysiology, and calcium imaging require tractable spiking network models that can consistently incorporate new information about the network structure and reproduce the recorded neural activity features. However, for spiking networks, it is challenging to predict which connectivity configurations and neural properties can generate fundamental operational states and specific experimentally re

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Nguyen, Bao N., Allison M. McKendrick, and Algis J. Vingrys. "Abnormal inhibition-excitation imbalance in migraine." Cephalalgia 36, no. 1 (2015): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102415576725.

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Background People with migraine show increased surround suppression of perceived contrast, a perceptual analogue of centre-surround antagonistic interactions in visual cortex. A proposed mechanism is that cortical ‘hyperexcitability’ or ‘hyperresponsivity’, a prominent theory in the migraine literature, drives abnormal excitatory-inhibitory balance to give increased local inhibition. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether cortical hyperresponsivity and excitatory-inhibitory imbalance manifests in the visual cortical response of migraine sufferers. Methods Interictal

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Linster, Christiane, and Claudine Masson. "A Neural Model of Olfactory Sensory Memory in the Honeybee's Antennal Lobe." Neural Computation 8, no. 1 (1996): 94–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1996.8.1.94.

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We present a neural model for olfactory sensory memory in the honeybee's antennal lobe. To investigate the neural mechanisms underlying odor discrimination and memorization, we exploit a variety of morphological, physiological, and behavioral data. The model allows us to study the computational capacities of the known neural circuitry, and to interpret under a new light experimental data on the cellular as well as on the neuronal assembly level. We propose a scheme for memorization of the neural activity pattern after stimulus offset by changing the local balance between excitation and inhibit

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Busche, Marc Aurel, and Arthur Konnerth. "Impairments of neural circuit function in Alzheimer's disease." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1700 (2016): 20150429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0429.

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An essential feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain, many years to decades before the onset of overt cognitive symptoms. We suggest that during this very extended early phase of the disease, soluble Aβ oligomers and amyloid plaques alter the function of local neuronal circuits and large-scale networks by disrupting the balance of synaptic excitation and inhibition ( E / I balance) in the brain. The analysis of mouse models of AD revealed that an Aβ-induced change of the E / I balance caused hyperactivity in cortical and hippocampal neuro

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20

Sammon, M. "Geometry of respiratory phase switching." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 5 (1994): 2468–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.5.2468.

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A second-order ordinary differential equation is outlined for the temporal dynamics of the respiratory central pattern generator (RCPG). Recurrent interactions between central excitation and inhibition confine the breathing cycle to the interior of a heteroclinic orbit between switching points (saddle equilibria) located at end expiration (E-I) and end inspiration (I-E). Dynamics depend on four eigenvalues that control inspiratory drive (lambda), excitability of inspiratory off switch (omega 1; stage 1 expiration), rate of central excitation disinhibition (omega 2; stage 2 expiration), and dam

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21

Liu, Sensen, and ShiNung Ching. "Recurrent Information Optimization with Local, Metaplastic Synaptic Dynamics." Neural Computation 29, no. 9 (2017): 2528–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00993.

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We consider the problem of optimizing information-theoretic quantities in recurrent networks via synaptic learning. In contrast to feedforward networks, the recurrence presents a key challenge insofar as an optimal learning rule must aggregate the joint distribution of the whole network. This challenge, in particular, makes a local policy (i.e., one that depends on only pairwise interactions) difficult. Here, we report a local metaplastic learning rule that performs approximate optimization by estimating whole-network statistics through the use of several slow, nested dynamical variables. Thes

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22

Brenet, Alexandre, Rahma Hassan-Abdi, Julie Somkhit, Constantin Yanicostas, and Nadia Soussi-Yanicostas. "Defective Excitatory/Inhibitory Synaptic Balance and Increased Neuron Apoptosis in a Zebrafish Model of Dravet Syndrome." Cells 8, no. 10 (2019): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8101199.

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Dravet syndrome is a type of severe childhood epilepsy that responds poorly to current anti-epileptic drugs. In recent years, zebrafish disease models with Scn1Lab sodium channel deficiency have been generated to seek novel anti-epileptic drug candidates, some of which are currently undergoing clinical trials. However, the spectrum of neuronal deficits observed following Scn1Lab depletion in zebrafish larvae has not yet been fully explored. To fill this gap and gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying neuron hyperexcitation in Scn1Lab-depleted larvae, we analyzed neuron activit

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23

Dai, Chao-Qing, Guo-quan Zhou, and Jie-Fang Zhang. "Exotic Localized Structures of the (2+1)-Dimensional Nizhnik-Novikov- Veselov System Obtained via the Extended Homogeneous Balance Method." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 61, no. 5-6 (2006): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-2006-5-602.

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In this paper, we successfully apply the extended homogeneous balance method (EHBM) to derive a new type of variable separation solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov system. Novel localized coherent structures about multi-valued functions, i.e., special dromion, special peakon and foldon, and the interactions among them are discussed. Moreover, the explicit phase shifts for all the local excitations offered by the quantity U are given and applied to novel interactions among special dromion, special peakon and foldon in detail. - PACS numbers: 05.45.Yv, 02.30.Jr, 02.03Ik

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Schönfelder, V., V. A. Dogiel, M. J. Freyberg, and G. E. Morfill. "Low Energy Cosmic Rays Emitted by the Orion Complex into the Local Medium." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 166 (1997): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100070950.

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AbstractThe excess of γ-ray emission in the energy range 3–7 MeV discovered by COMPTEL in the direction of the Orion complex may imply that there is a powerful source of low energy cosmic rays in the local galactic medium. Several interpretations of the excess have been suggested. One of them assumes that the emission is identified with nuclear de-excitation lines of excited 16O and 14C. To provide the excess the energy deposit in these nuclei should be as large as ~ 1039 erg s−1. If a comparable part of these nuclei escape into the local galactic medium they can play a significant role in the

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Xue, Beirao, Jixin Man, Yanfeng Zuo, and Wengao Yan. "Vibration Response Analysis of a Time-varying Stiffness Wheel with Contrate Gear under Unbalanced Excitation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2694, no. 1 (2024): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2694/1/012063.

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Abstract The vibration and response of multi-contact interface micro-motion time-varying stiffness wheel are analyzed, and the nonlinear vibration response characteristics caused by the unbalance force of multi-contact interface contrate gear face of a gas turbine rotor are studied. Firstly, the local sliding model of dry friction-damped contact is extended to establish a holistic and local unified sliding model. The equivalent stiffness and damping of the damping device are calculated by means of the equivalent linearization method and the first harmonic balance method. Finally, the finite el

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Harris, Kameron Decker, Tatiana Dashevskiy, Joshua Mendoza, Alfredo J. Garcia, Jan-Marino Ramirez, and Eric Shea-Brown. "Different roles for inhibition in the rhythm-generating respiratory network." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 4 (2017): 2070–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00174.2017.

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Unraveling the interplay of excitation and inhibition within rhythm-generating networks remains a fundamental issue in neuroscience. We use a biophysical model to investigate the different roles of local and long-range inhibition in the respiratory network, a key component of which is the pre-Bötzinger complex inspiratory microcircuit. Increasing inhibition within the microcircuit results in a limited number of out-of-phase neurons before rhythmicity and synchrony degenerate. Thus unstructured local inhibition is destabilizing and cannot support the generation of more than one rhythm. A two-ph

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Siewe Siewe, M., F. M. Moukam Kakmeni, C. Tchawoua та P. Woafo. "Nonlinear Response and Suppression of Chaos by Weak Harmonic Perturbation Inside a Triple Well Φ6-Rayleigh Oscillator Combined to Parametric Excitations". Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics 1, № 3 (2006): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2198215.

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The nonlinear response and suppression of chaos by weak harmonic perturbation inside a triple well Φ6-Rayleigh oscillator combined to parametric excitations is studied in this paper. The main attention is focused on the dynamical properties of local bifurcations as well as global bifurcations including homoclinic and heteroclinic bifurcations. The original oscillator is transformed to averaged equations using the method of harmonic balance to obtain periodic solutions. The response curves show the saddle-node bifurcation and the multi-stability phenomena. Based on the Melnikov’s method, horses

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Esser, Steve K., Sean Hill, and Giulio Tononi. "Breakdown of Effective Connectivity During Slow Wave Sleep: Investigating the Mechanism Underlying a Cortical Gate Using Large-Scale Modeling." Journal of Neurophysiology 102, no. 4 (2009): 2096–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00059.2009.

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Effective connectivity between cortical areas decreases during slow wave sleep. This decline can be observed in the reduced interareal propagation of activity evoked either directly in cortex by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or by sensory stimulation. We present here a large-scale model of the thalamocortical system that is capable of reproducing these experimental observations. This model was constructed according to a large number of physiological and anatomical constraints and includes over 30,000 spiking neurons interconnected by more than 5 million synaptic connections and organ

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Yu, Dong, Tianyu Li, Qianming Ding, et al. "Maintenance of delay-period activity in working memory task is modulated by local network structure." PLOS Computational Biology 20, no. 9 (2024): e1012415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012415.

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Revealing the relationship between neural network structure and function is one central theme of neuroscience. In the context of working memory (WM), anatomical data suggested that the topological structure of microcircuits within WM gradient network may differ, and the impact of such structural heterogeneity on WM activity remains unknown. Here, we proposed a spiking neural network model that can replicate the fundamental characteristics of WM: delay-period neural activity involves association cortex but not sensory cortex. First, experimentally observed receptor expression gradient along the

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Kravchenko, Denis S., Elena V. Kustova, and Maksim Yu Melnik. "Higher criteria for the regularity of a one-dimensional local field." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy 9, no. 3 (2022): 426–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu01.2022.304.

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A coupled problem of gasdynamics, vibrational relaxation, and dissociation in the flow of oxygen behind reflected shock waves is studied. The detailed state-to-state kinetic approach is used, which is based on a coupled solution of the momentum and energy conservation equations with the balance equations for molecular vibrational state populations and concentrations of oxygen atoms. Initial conditions corresponding to recent experiments in shock tubes are considered. For different models of physicochemical processes, a comparison is made with experimental data; varying the model parameters yie

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Ostroverkhov, Mykola Yakovych, Vadim Volodymyrovych Chumack, Yevhen Andriovich Monakhov, and Bogdan Ivanovych Pryymak. "Information supply of the power control system of the synchronous generator of the autonomous wind unit." Herald of Advanced Information Technology 4, no. 3 (2021): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/hait.03.2021.5.

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This paper deals with information supply of automatic maximum power control system of synchronous hybrid excited genera-tor for the autonomous wind unit. The power supply system based on an autonomous wind turbine consists of an electric generator, a battery charging controller, a battery pack and an inverter, which provides the required frequency and valueof the consumer's supply voltage.Three phase permanent magnet synchronous generator that have high technical and economic indicators are most widely used as electric generator of autonomous wind turbines.The main disadvantage of these genera

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Bergemann, Maria, Andrew J. Gallagher, Philipp Eitner, et al. "Observational constraints on the origin of the elements." Astronomy & Astrophysics 631 (October 23, 2019): A80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935811.

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Manganese (Mn) is a key Fe-group element, commonly employed in stellar population and nucleosynthesis studies to explore the role of SN Ia. We have developed a new non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) model of Mn, including new photo-ionisation cross-sections and new transition rates caused by collisions with H and H− atoms. We applied the model in combination with one-dimensional (1D) LTE model atmospheres and 3D hydrodynamical simulations of stellar convection to quantify the impact of NLTE and convection on the line formation. We show that the effects of NLTE are present in Mn I and,

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Shirhatti, Vinay, Poojya Ravishankar, and Supratim Ray. "Gamma oscillations in primate primary visual cortex are severely attenuated by small stimulus discontinuities." PLOS Biology 20, no. 6 (2022): e3001666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001666.

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Gamma oscillations (30 to 80 Hz) have been hypothesized to play an important role in feature binding, based on the observation that continuous long bars induce stronger gamma in the visual cortex than bars with a small gap. Recently, many studies have shown that natural images, which have discontinuities in several low-level features, do not induce strong gamma oscillations, questioning their role in feature binding. However, the effect of different discontinuities on gamma has not been well studied. To address this, we recorded spikes and local field potential from 2 monkeys while they were s

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Pfeffer, Thomas, Adrian Ponce-Alvarez, Konstantinos Tsetsos, et al. "Circuit mechanisms for the chemical modulation of cortex-wide network interactions and behavioral variability." Science Advances 7, no. 29 (2021): eabf5620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abf5620.

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Influential theories postulate distinct roles of catecholamines and acetylcholine in cognition and behavior. However, previous physiological work reported similar effects of these neuromodulators on the response properties (specifically, the gain) of individual cortical neurons. Here, we show a double dissociation between the effects of catecholamines and acetylcholine at the level of large-scale interactions between cortical areas in humans. A pharmacological boost of catecholamine levels increased cortex-wide interactions during a visual task, but not rest. An acetylcholine boost decreased i

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Bergemann, Maria, Aldo Serenelli, and Gregory Ruchti. "Spectroscopic distances to late-type stars." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8, S289 (2012): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312021163.

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AbstractA common approach to determining distances to stars without astrometric information is to compare stellar evolution models with parameters obtained from spectroscopic techniques. This method is routinely applied in the context of large-scale stellar surveys out to distances of several kpc. However, systematic errors may arise because of inaccurate spectroscopic parameters. We explore the effects of non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) on the determination of surface gravities and metallicities for a large sample of metal-poor stars within approximately 10 kpc of the Sun. Using th

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Shao, Zhengwei, and Andreas Burkhalter. "Role of GABAB Receptor-Mediated Inhibition in Reciprocal Interareal Pathways of Rat Visual Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 3 (1999): 1014–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.3.1014.

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Role of GABAB receptor-mediated inhibition in reciprocal interareal pathways of rat visual cortex. In neocortex, synaptic inhibition is mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) and GABAB receptors. By using intracellular and patch-clamp recordings in slices of rat visual cortex we studied the balance of excitation and inhibition in different intracortical pathways. The study was focused on the strength of fast GABAA- and slow GABAB-mediated inhibition in interareal forward and feedback connections between area 17 and the secondary, latero-medial visual area (LM). Our results demonstrate that

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Pietra, Gianluca, Tiziana Bonifacino, Davide Talamonti, et al. "Visual Cortex Engagement in Retinitis Pigmentosa." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (2021): 9412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179412.

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Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a family of inherited disorders caused by the progressive degeneration of retinal photoreceptors. There is no cure for RP, but recent research advances have provided promising results from many clinical trials. All these therapeutic strategies are focused on preserving existing photoreceptors or substituting light-responsive elements. Vision recovery, however, strongly relies on the anatomical and functional integrity of the visual system beyond photoreceptors. Although the retinal structure and optic pathway are substantially preserved at least in early stages of

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Amarsi, A. M., S. Liljegren, and P. E. Nissen. "3D non-LTE iron abundances in FG-type dwarfs." Astronomy & Astrophysics 668 (December 2022): A68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244542.

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Iron is one of the most important elements in-stellar astrophysics. However, spectroscopic measurements of its abundance are prone to systematic modelling errors. We present three dimensional non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (3D non-LTE) calculations across 32 STAGGER-grid models with effective temperatures from 5000 K to 6500 K, surface gravities of 4.0 dex and 4.5 dex, and metallicities from −3 dex to 0 dex, and we study the effects on 171 Fe i and 12 Fe ii optical lines. In warm metal-poor stars, the 3D non-LTE abundances are up to 0.5 dex larger than 1D LTE abundances inferred from Fe i

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Calvagna, Chiara, Andrea Azelio Mencaglia, Iacopo Osticioli, Daniele Ciofini, and Salvatore Siano. "Novel Probe for Thermally Controlled Raman Spectroscopy Using Online IR Sensing and Emissivity Measurements." Sensors 22, no. 7 (2022): 2680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072680.

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Temperature rise during Raman spectroscopy can induce chemical alterations of the material under analysis and seriously affect its characterization. Thus, such photothermal side effects can represent a serious problem to be carefully controlled in order to safeguard the integrity of the material and its spectral features. In this work, an innovative probe for thermally controlled portable Raman spectroscopy (exc. 785 nm) equipped with infrared sensing lines was developed. It included an infrared source and two thermopile sensors, which allowed to perform real-time measurements of the local emi

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Potnis, V. V., Ketan G. Albhar, Pritamsinh Arjun Nanaware, and Vishal S. Pote. "A Review on Epilepsy and its Management." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10, no. 3 (2020): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i3.4090.

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Today, people face various types of stress in everyday fast life and most people in the world suffer from various neurological disorder. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders of the brain, affecting about 50 million people around the world, and 90% of them are coming from developing countries. Genetic factors and brain infection, stroke, tumors and epilepsy cause high fever. It imposes a great economic burden on the health systems of countries associated with stigma and discrimination against the patient and also his family in the community, in the workplace, school and hom

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Bharadwaj, Hari, and Varsha Mysore Athreya. "Effects of age-related cochlear deafferentation and central gain on auditory scene analysis." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023710.

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Animal models show that cochlear afferent nerve endings are more vulnerable than sensory hair cells to age-related damage. Because such cochlear deafferentation is not apparent in standard audiometry, the extent to which it contributes to deficits in human hearing is debated, and the intervening neural processes are poorly characterized. This presentation will describe our efforts to address these gaps through co-ordinated experiments in at-risk humans and a chinchilla model. Our results suggest that cochlear deafferentation is widespread in middle age despite clinically normal audiometric sen

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Armillotta, Lucia, Eve C. Ostriker, and Yan-Fei Jiang. "Cosmic-Ray Transport in Varying Galactic Environments." Astrophysical Journal 929, no. 2 (2022): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5fa9.

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Abstract We study the propagation of mildly relativistic cosmic rays (CRs) in multiphase interstellar medium environments with conditions typical of nearby disk galaxies. We employ the techniques developed in Armillotta et al. to postprocess three high-resolution TIGRESS magnetohydrodynamic simulations modeling local patches of star-forming galactic disks. Together, the three simulations cover a wide range of gas surface density, gravitational potential, and star formation rate (SFR). Our prescription for CR propagation includes the effects of advection by the background gas, streaming along t

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Armillotta, Lucia, Eve C. Ostriker, and Yan-Fei Jiang. "Cosmic-Ray Transport in Varying Galactic Environments." Astrophysical Journal 929, no. 2 (2022): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5fa9.

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Abstract We study the propagation of mildly relativistic cosmic rays (CRs) in multiphase interstellar medium environments with conditions typical of nearby disk galaxies. We employ the techniques developed in Armillotta et al. to postprocess three high-resolution TIGRESS magnetohydrodynamic simulations modeling local patches of star-forming galactic disks. Together, the three simulations cover a wide range of gas surface density, gravitational potential, and star formation rate (SFR). Our prescription for CR propagation includes the effects of advection by the background gas, streaming along t

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Farnan, Julia, Joshua Jackson, and Edward Hartsough. "FSMP-03. INVESTIGATING CO-OPTED ASTROCYTIC METABOLISM IN MELANOMA BRAIN METASTASIS." Neuro-Oncology Advances 3, Supplement_1 (2021): i16—i17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdab024.068.

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Abstract Melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer, frequently metastasizes to the brain. While peripheral melanoma is largely treatable, MBM fail to respond to current therapeutics and is a clear unmet clinical need. Initial clinical symptoms of Melanoma Brain Metastases (MBM) typically include headaches, seizures and other neurological deficits, suggesting that MBM disrupt normal brain functions. One of the major cell types that melanoma encounter and interact with during brain metastasis are astrocytes. Astrocytes, the most abundant cell in the brain, interact with neurons and the vascula

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Liang, Junhao, and Changsong Zhou. "Criticality enhances the multilevel reliability of stimulus responses in cortical neural networks." PLOS Computational Biology 18, no. 1 (2022): e1009848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009848.

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Cortical neural networks exhibit high internal variability in spontaneous dynamic activities and they can robustly and reliably respond to external stimuli with multilevel features–from microscopic irregular spiking of neurons to macroscopic oscillatory local field potential. A comprehensive study integrating these multilevel features in spontaneous and stimulus–evoked dynamics with seemingly distinct mechanisms is still lacking. Here, we study the stimulus–response dynamics of biologically plausible excitation–inhibition (E–I) balanced networks. We confirm that networks around critical synchr

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Kühn, Marco J., Lorenzo Talà, Yuki F. Inclan, et al. "Mechanotaxis directs Pseudomonas aeruginosa twitching motility." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 30 (2021): e2101759118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101759118.

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The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa explores surfaces using twitching motility powered by retractile extracellular filaments called type IV pili (T4P). Single cells twitch by sequential T4P extension, attachment, and retraction. How single cells coordinate T4P to efficiently navigate surfaces remains unclear. We demonstrate that P. aeruginosa actively directs twitching in the direction of mechanical input from T4P in a process called mechanotaxis. The Chp chemotaxis-like system controls the balance of forward and reverse twitching migration of single cells in response to the mech

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Sanchez-Vives, Maria V., Maurizio Mattia, Albert Compte, et al. "Inhibitory Modulation of Cortical Up States." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 3 (2010): 1314–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00178.2010.

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The balance between excitation and inhibition is critical in the physiology of the cerebral cortex. To understand the influence of inhibitory control on the emergent activity of the cortical network, inhibition was progressively blocked in a slice preparation that generates spontaneous rhythmic up states at a similar frequency to those occurring in vivo during slow-wave sleep or anesthesia. Progressive removal of inhibition induced a parametric shortening of up state duration and elongation of the down states, the frequency of oscillations decaying. Concurrently, a gradual increase in the netw

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Zurbrügg, R., S. Suter, M. F. Lehmann, B. Wehrli, and D. B. Senn. "Organic carbon and nitrogen export from a tropical dam-impacted floodplain system." Biogeosciences 10, no. 1 (2013): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-23-2013.

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Abstract. Tropical floodplains play an important role in organic matter transport, storage, and transformation between headwaters and oceans. However, the fluxes and quality of organic carbon (OC) and organic nitrogen (ON) in tropical river-floodplain systems are not well constrained. We explored the quantity and characteristics of dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM and POM, respectively) in the Kafue River flowing through the Kafue Flats (Zambia), a tropical river-floodplain system in the Zambezi River basin. During the flooding season, > 80% of the Kafue River water passed thro

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Shirani, Farshad, and Hannah Choi. "On the physiological and structural contributors to the overall balance of excitation and inhibition in local cortical networks." Journal of Computational Neuroscience, October 14, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10827-023-00863-x.

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AbstractOverall balance of excitation and inhibition in cortical networks is central to their functionality and normal operation. Such orchestrated co-evolution of excitation and inhibition is established through convoluted local interactions between neurons, which are organized by specific network connectivity structures and are dynamically controlled by modulating synaptic activities. Therefore, identifying how such structural and physiological factors contribute to establishment of overall balance of excitation and inhibition is crucial in understanding the homeostatic plasticity mechanisms

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Liang, Junhao, Zhuda Yang, and Changsong Zhou. "Excitation–Inhibition Balance, Neural Criticality, and Activities in Neuronal Circuits." Neuroscientist, January 31, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10738584231221766.

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Neural activities in local circuits exhibit complex and multilevel dynamic features. Individual neurons spike irregularly, which is believed to originate from receiving balanced amounts of excitatory and inhibitory inputs, known as the excitation–inhibition balance. The spatial-temporal cascades of clustered neuronal spikes occur in variable sizes and durations, manifested as neural avalanches with scale-free features. These may be explained by the neural criticality hypothesis, which posits that neural systems operate around the transition between distinct dynamic states. Here, we summarize t

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