Relevant bibliographies by topics / Balance of payments, great britain

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Balance of payments, great britain'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Balance of payments, great britain"

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Kolesnichenko, Ol'ga Viktorovna. "Foreign experience of application of special systems of restitution for damages to health as a result of work accidents and occupational diseases (on the example of Germany and Great Britain) and prospects of borrowing it by Russia." Право и политика, no. 8 (August 2020): 18–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0706.2020.8.33119.

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The subject of this research is the legislation and practice of its implementation, as well as the legal doctrine of Russia, Germany and Great Britain on the existing special systems of compensation for damage inflicted to health as a result of work accidents and occupational diseases. The author examines the special systems of restitution for occupational damage that represent starkly different versions of implementation of basic models developed in global practice (Bismarck and Beveridge). Attention is focused on the key issues of compensation for occupational damage using the legal means available in the Russian Federation. Analysis is conducted on the existing foreign experience on the matter. The author’s special contribution to the research of the topic consists in the statement that for establishing balance within the system of restitution for occupational damage it is necessary to clearly demarcate the three types of compensations: guaranteed social security paid from the budget funds in terms of obligations assumed by government  to support vulnerable population groups; obligations in tort recovered from the tortfeasor, considering the grounds and limits of civil liability; insurance payments, which represent partial coverage of inflicted damage based on the terms of insurance contract. The scientific novelty lies in determination of the prospects for improving the national special system of restitution for occupational damage. It is substantiated that in such system the distribution of losses between different types of compensations should be based on the criteria of preferred form of compensation (payment in kind or financial compensation); legal nature of separate elements of reparation (incapacitation, occupational disease, etc.); type of payments (recurring or lump sum), purpose of compensation; calculation of payments.
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Golson, Eric. "THE ALLIED NEUTRAL? PORTUGUESE BALANCE OF PAYMENTS WITH THE UK AND GERMANY IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR, 1939-1945." Revista de Historia Económica / Journal of Iberian and Latin American Economic History 38, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 79–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0212610919000314.

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ABSTRACTIn September 1939, Portugal made a realist strategic choice to preserve the Portuguese Empire maintaining by its neutrality and also remaining an ally of Great Britain. While the Portuguese could rely largely on their colonies for raw materials to sustain the mainland, the country had long depended on British transportation for these goods and the Portuguese military. With the British priority now given to war transportation, Portugal's economy and Empire were particularly vulnerable. The Portuguese dictator Antonio Salazar sought to mitigate this damage by maintaining particularly friendly financial relations with the British government, including increased exports of Portuguese merchandise and services and permission to accumulate credits in Sterling to cover deficits in the balance of payments. This paper gives an improved set of comprehensive statistics for the Anglo-Portuguese and German–Portuguese relationships, reported in Pounds and according to international standards. The reported statistics include the trade in merchandise, services, capital flows, loans and third-party transfers of funds in favour of the British account. When compared with the German statistics, the Anglo-Portuguese figures show the Portuguese government favoured the British in financial relations, an active choice by Salazar to maintain the Portuguese Empire.
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Nasir, Muhammad Ali, and Justine Simpson. "Brexit associated sharp depreciation and implications for UK’s inflation and balance of payments." Journal of Economic Studies 45, no. 2 (May 14, 2018): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-02-2017-0051.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the implications of exchange rate depreciation for inflation targeting and trade balance of UK in the context of the Brexit epoch. Design/methodology/approach The study employed a time-varying structural vector auto-regression (TVSVAR) model framework in which the sources of time variation were both the coefficients and variance-covariance matrix of the innovations on the data from January 1989 to September 2016. Findings The findings suggest that the depreciation of the Stirling has significant effects on inflation and trade balance in UK in context of Brexit epoch. It also showed that such a depreciation can be helpful in the improvement of external balance as well as steering the inflation to its statutory target. Despite, the inflation targeting, there is strong evidence of a pass-through. Research limitations/implications Research has profound implications in terms of the sharp depreciation of GBP associated with the Brexit outcome. The study is very topical and could be very interesting to the readership of JES as well as wider audience. The study has limitations in a context that the significance of the results and association of the under analysis entities is contingent on the future trade relationships and Channel between UK and EU. Therefore, although there is a lot of uncertainty about the future of Britain trade relationships, this study provides guidance on the importance of exchange rate channel if the similar trade arrangements prevails in the post-Brexit era. Practical implications The research has profound practical implications, using a TVSVAR model in which the relationship among the entities varies over time; it has shown the importance of exchange rate in terms of external balance and inflation targeting. Hence, it has appeal for the practitioners as well as academics. Social implications The research has great social implications. The Brexit is the biggest political and economic event of this era for UK and EU. There are big questions about the relationship between UK and EU in the post-Brexit epoch as well as questions about the future of the European integration. In this context, this study has shown that how the exchange rate could play an important role for the UK economy when its contemporary trade channels prevail. Concomitantly, it has social implications particularly for the European society. Originality/value The research is an original piece of work. It has contributed to the debate on the exchange rate deprecation, external balance and inflation targeting in context of the Brexit associated sharp depreciation of Stirling. It has used a framework, i.e. TVSVAR, which also have unique features in terms of testing the associations among under analysis entities against time.
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Гречан, Алла, and Артем Коба. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ МЕХАНІЗМУ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ МОТИВАЦІЇ ОПЛАТИ ПРАЦІ ПРАЦІВНИКІВ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ." Automobile Roads and Road Construction, no. 112 (November 30, 2022): 309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/0365-8171-2022-112-309-315.

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The article analyzes the peculiarities of remuneration of employed persons in the business sector. Compliance of "pay indicators" with the legislative basis of Ukraine - in particular, the Code of Labor Laws of Ukraine No. 322-08 dated 07.23.1996 (ed. dated 08.19.2022) and the Law of Ukraine "On Remuneration" No. 108/95 was determined - VR from 03/24/1995 (edited from 08/19/2022). The social, humanitarian, political and legal orientations of "labor remuneration" in the domestic doctrine of labor are outlined. The genesis of the right to work in Ukraine is analyzed in accordance with the provisions of Art. 43 of the Basic Law of the Constitution of Ukraine. The philosophical and terminological context of the "employer-employee" relationship is considered. The positive and negative aspects of the payment of an employment contract (TD) and a civil law agreement (CPU) are determined in accordance with the labor legislation of Ukraine and the provisions of the Civil Code of Ukraine No. 435-IV dated 16.01.2003 (edited from 01.08.2022). An analysis of the mechanisms for increasing the wages of workers in the developed countries of the world – the EU, the USA, Great Britain, etc. – was carried out. In particular, the precedents of the formation of "salary policy" by the ETUC (European Trade Union Confederation) among the 27 EU member states, the mechanisms for increasing wages and establishing the minimum (marginal) permissible limits of labor remuneration in accordance with the policy of the US Department of Labor (U.S. Department) are outlined. of Labor), features of the formation of the wage and salary policy of Great Britain, which is directed and coordinated by the National Economic Council (National Economic Council). Features of employee stimulation by increasing wages are described. The phenomenon of "work-life balance" (the balance of work and personal life) and the payment policy of enterprises as the root cause of its generation have been studied. The mechanisms of trade union protection of an employed person against systematic violations of labor legislation are outlined –– in Ukraine, the EU, the USA and Great Britain, respectively. The relationship between remuneration and the level of personal motivation of the employee has been proven. The definition of the "job satisfaction scale" (job satisfaction scale) as a psychological constant characteristic of the research-management doctrine of the USA is singled out.
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Vyborova, Elena Nikolaevn. "The Payment Balance for the Theoretical and Methodical Aspects of Creation and the Analysis on Materials of Russia and Great Britain." East Asian Journal of Business Management 6, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20498/eajbe.2018.6.2.28.

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Nekit, K. H. "PROBLEM OF PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION TO BUSINESS OWNERS DURING THE QUARANTINE PERIOD: ANALYSIS OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE." Economics and Law, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/econlaw.2021.01.061.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact in all areas of human life. Many rights have been restricted to prevent the spread of infection. The restrictions on private property rights during the pandemic were not so obvious, but no less significant. The massive closure of restaurants, cafes, cinemas and other crowded places has resulted in significant losses for business owners. The question arose about the admissibility of such restrictions on the rights of owners, as well as the need to compensate for the losses caused. The purpose of this article is to study the criteria developed by international practice under which the restriction of property rights is allowed, and approaches to resolving issues of compensation for losses caused to owners when it is necessary to ensure a balance of private and public interests in Ukraine. In order to understand whether the owners, whose rights were restricted during the pandemic by depriving them of the opportunity to use their property in business, have the right to compensation, the article analyzes the meaning of "possessions" used in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. It is concluded that future income within the meaning given by the European Court of Human Rights should also be considered a type of property, so depriving owners of the opportunity to receive income could to some extent be considered as confiscation of property. This approach suggests that during the quarantine the owners were in a sense deprived of property, which raises the question of the need to compensate the owners for the losses incurred during the quarantine measures. The right of owners to compensation is analyzed in the light of the conditions developed in the practice of the European Court of Human Rights for interfering in the peaceful possession of property and the recommendations developed by the United Nations to limit human rights in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is concluded that it is necessary to comply with the principle of legality in case of state intervention in the peaceful possession of property. However, this principle was violated in Ukraine, as the restrictions were introduced not by law, but by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. This gives grounds to challenge the actions of the state and demand payment of compensation for losses incurred by the owners. The article also analyzes approaches to resolving issues of compensation for losses caused to owners as a result of restrictions on their rights, developed in the case law of the United States and Great Britain.
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Adisa, Toyin Ajibade, Gbolahan Gbadamosi, and Ellis L. C. Osabutey. "Work-family balance." Gender in Management: An International Journal 31, no. 7 (October 3, 2016): 414–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-01-2016-0010.

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Purpose Given the reality that working mothers experience difficulties in achieving work-family balance because of the social restrictions that arise from parenting combined with career goals, this paper aims to explore the various coping strategies that are used by working mothers in the cities of London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria). Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 72 mothers who worked in banks in London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria). Thematic analysis and investigator triangulation are used. Findings The findings reveal various coping strategies used by working mothers in the cities of Lagos and London. The paper also unearths the efficiency and the shortcomings of the use of au pairs among British working mothers and the similarities and disparities in terms of such use compared to the traditional use of housekeepers in Nigeria. Originality/value This paper contributes to the existing work–family balance literature by exploring the coping strategies of working mothers because of sociocultural and institutional differences in Great Britain and Nigeria.
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Tomlinson, J. "Balanced Accounts? Constructing the Balance of Payments Problem in Post-war Britain." English Historical Review CXXIV, no. 509 (July 7, 2009): 863–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cep185.

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Sussman, Nathan. "The Late Medieval Bullion Famine Reconsidered." Journal of Economic History 58, no. 1 (March 1998): 126–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700019914.

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The bullion famine, manifested in chronic balance-of-payments deficits with the East, is widely cited as the cause of the great depression of the Renaissance. Adapting the monetary approach to the balance-of-payments model to the medieval commodity money setting this article shows that western Europe could not suffer a balance-of-payments deficits and bullion shortage simultaneously. New data show that it is unlikely that France suffered a shortage of silver from 1360 to 1415. Minting volumes diverged between regions according to economic fortunes. Excess silver stocks were likely hoarded rather than exported.
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Roberts, Richard. "‘Unwept, unhonoured and unsung’: Britain's import surcharge, 1964–1966, and currency crisis management." Financial History Review 20, no. 2 (May 28, 2013): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565013000073.

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This article examines Britain's temporary import surcharge introduced in October 1964, a largely overlooked but significant dimension of the 1964 sterling crisis. Import surcharges (temporary supplementary tariff) were illegal under GATT rules and aroused fury among trading partners. Britain's surcharge is placed in context by consideration of the use of import surcharges by other countries under Bretton Woods as currency crisis management and balance of payments measures, notably Canada's import surcharge of 1962–3 that inspired Britain's. Developed by the Conservative administration from 1963, a 15 per cent surcharge was introduced by the newly elected Wilson government as a radical alternative to deflation or devaluation to help correct the record balance of payments deficit and meet the gathering sterling crisis. As a currency crisis management measure the surcharge worked in Canada but in Britain it made matters worse and was soon supplanted by conventional measures. Deemed a failure and discredited, the surcharge was eventually lifted in November 1966 ‘unwept, unhonoured and unsung’ (Financial Times). Nevertheless, while in place the surcharge provided significant temporary assistance to the improvement of Britain's balance of payments.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Balance of payments, great britain"

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Davidson, Jacqueline. "According to need? : the implementation of discretionary payments within social assistance schemes in Britain and the Netherlands." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/12152.

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This in-depth cross-national case study questions broad assertions made to date regarding the general similarities that can be found in exceptional need systems within social assistance schemes in Britain (the Social Fund) and the Netherlands (Bijzondere Bijstand). Based on qualitative documentary analysis and in-depth interviews with those who administer discretionary payments in both countries the research highlights that these nominally similar schemes serve diverse goals and aims in their national contexts. Reflecting the different traditions of cash and care and the administrative structure of the state in the implementation of policy in this area, the first part of the thesis demonstrates that Bijzondere Bijstand in the Netherlands is firmly situated in an 'activity fare' context whilst the Social Fund remains largely separate from the administration of 'welfare to work' in Britain. The second part of the thesis highlights the empirically observed diversity that follows from these configurations of social assistance. Those who administer these payments have quite different educational and occupational backgrounds that inform the ways they think about poverty and the poor and are related to what they try to do for clients and customers with discretionary payments. The Dutch 'paternalistic' administrator attempts to facilitate paths out of social assistance for clients whilst Social Fund Officers are concerned with 'managerially' processing a large number of applicants in the context of targets and budgets. Organisational contexts are shown to affect the administration of discretionary payments to the 'deserving and undeserving poor', but not the meanings that administrators imbue the forms of payment at their disposal, grants and loans. Configurations of social assistance essentially set the context for the degree to which administrators can award payments in accordance with absolute and relative notions of poverty and human need and the interpretation and construction of needs and wants. In practice, need is a dynamic social construct that is informed by the professionalism of the workers, the ideology of the programme they implement and the structure and constraints of the bureaucracy in which they work.
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COBANE, CRAIG THOMPSON. "TERRORISM AND DEMOCRACY THE BALANCE BETWEEN FREEDOM AND ORDER: THE BRITISH EXPERIENCE." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1070571375.

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Sanderson-Nash, Emma Victoria. "Obeying the iron law? : changes to the intra-party balance of power in the British Liberal Democrats since 1988." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7467/.

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This study examines intra-party power in the Liberal Democrats, looking at the formal role and remit of the various sectors that make up the party bureaucracy, and evaluating the exercise of power with regard to policy, campaigning and the use of resources. It is interested in two overarching questions: has the party professionalised, and has power moved toward the top? If so could this have had an impact on its electoral success? The theoretical context for this study is a well-established tradition of scholarship on party organisation going back to Moise Ostrogorski (1902) and Robert Michels (1911). The hierarchical nature of party organisations has been a constant refrain in this literature, especially in respect of major parties that are serious contenders for governmental office (McKenzie 1963; Kirchheimer 1966; Panebianco 1988; Katz & Mair 1995). This thesis offers a test of these theories by applying them to a smaller party that gradually evolved from a party of opposition to a party of government. While the incentives for intra-party centralisation are clear in office-seeking parties (the leadership requires maximum autonomy in order to devise and adapt a competitive strategy), this research explores whether it is a necessary precursor to electoral success. It will test whether the party has become more professional, or top-down, by looking at the policy making process, at the way the party campaigns, and at its distribution of resources. Finally the thesis examines the role of intra-party politics in achieving and maintaining the coalition with the Conservatives negotiated in May 2010. The research spans the lifetime of the party from 1988 to present day, and relies on an extensive series of semi-structured interviews with 70 individuals connected to the party including prominent politicians, senior staff and ordinary members. It argues that the party has become significantly more professional during this time, and that this was a contributory factor in delivering office.
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Smittenaar, Richard. "Keeping Europe in order : conservative international political thought in Victorian Britain, 1854-1880." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/35983.

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Conservative international thought in Victorian Britain is a prominent landmark in the landscape of international thought which has up to now gone unmapped. In illuminating this body of thought, the thesis addresses weaknesses present in three different historiographies. As the first detailed study of conservative international thought in Victorian Britain, the thesis rectifies a marked bias in Victorian intellectual history towards the study of liberal and radical thought. Furthermore, by analysing the political thought of major representatives of the conservative educated classes, this thesis provides context for the history of conservative high politics, thereby leading us to view these in a different light. Finally, this study, by providing a historically nuanced account of the evolution of major themes of international relations theory in mid-Victorian Britain, functions as a corrective to the self-history of the academic field of International Relations. The thesis makes its argument by analysing conservative contributions in periodicals, pamphlets, and newspapers to British public debates on international affairs, from the Crimean War (1854-56) until the Eastern Question crisis of 1876-80. The general claim of this thesis is that there existed a distinctly conservative perspective on the international sphere. The core elements of this conservative perspective were the primacy of statesmen in setting foreign policy; of interests, military force, and stature in determining the course of international politics; and of order and equilibrium as its normative content. Conservative authors used this constellation of ideas in the major debates of the mid-Victorian era on international affairs, both as a means to make sense of events, and as a counterpoint to liberal narratives - with which Victorian international thought is all too often identified. In recovering the international political thought of Victorian conservatives, this thesis illuminates an important but neglected aspect of how international relations were understood and conceptualised in mid-Victorian Britain.
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Ben-Galim, Dalia. "Equality and diversity : the gender dimensions of work-life balance policies." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d078b9c7-ceab-454c-a1b6-09ebe88fb725.

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This thesis analyses the gender dimensions of work-life balance policies in the UK. It focuses on three related questions: firstly, to what extent are work-life balance policies framed by 'diversity'; secondly, how does this impact on the conceptualisation and implementation of work-life balance policies (in government and in organisations); and thirdly, what are the implications for gender equality? Through analysing published research, the UK Government's work-life balance agenda and data generated from three selected case study organisations, the prominent dimensions of diversity that shape the conceptualisation and implementation of work-life balance policies are presented. This thesis argues that the concept of diversity - as defined by the feminist literature - offers the potential to progress gender equality through overcoming the same-difference dichotomy, and by recognising multiple aspects of identity. However, this theoretical potential is not necessarily reflected in practice. With the emphasis on the individual worker and choice, diversity has been primarily defined as 'managing diversity', and has a significant affect on how work-life balance policies have been applied in both government policy and organisational practice. The UK Government states that work-life balance policies are meant to provide everyone with opportunities to balance work with other aspects of life. The current policy framework targets parents and in particular mothers, potentially limiting the choices that men and women have to 'work' and 'care'. Locating work-life balance policies within the context of 'managing diversity' supports and facilitates women's employment, but does not necessarily challenge fundamental gender disparities such as occupational segregation and gender pay gaps. Analysis of the UK Government's current agenda and organisational case studies show that despite progressive equality, diversity and worklife balance agendas, work-life balance policies are limited in challenging persistent structural gender inequalities.
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Ashfold, Thomas Edward. "Work, time and rhythm : investigating contemporary 'time squeeze'." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c5fc9e00-fc82-4574-9099-3eb9d4e56bdb.

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In contemporary capitalist economies such as the UK, it is commonly held that an increasing number of people and households experience anxiety over time and symptoms of 'time squeeze'. Existing accounts of the character and causes of this phenomenon are rather one-dimensional and lacking in nuance, however. In part, this is because they typically lack any substantial theoretical engagement with the concept of time itself. Accordingly, this research aims to provide a more complex and contextual account of experiences of working time (both paid and unpaid), and to investigate how and why experiences of time squeeze vary between individuals and social groups. This is achieved by calling upon an enriched understanding of time, and employing an instrumental case study built around a set of 50 semi-structured interviews with employees working in Oxford University's central IT department and four of its constituent colleges. The empirical findings reveal that the (quantitative) extent and (qualitative) nature of participants' temporal anxieties vary with occupation, social class, gender, age and family status, as well as the importance of institutional and local context. Furthermore, they demonstrate that contemporary time squeeze is generated by a variety of causal mechanisms relating to the duration, tempo and timing of both paid employment and unpaid reproductive work, and their intersections with the personal, natural, social, institutional and technological rhythms that variously constitute everyday life.
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Books on the topic "Balance of payments, great britain"

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United Kingdom balance of payments: The pink book. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

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Britton, Andrew. The balance of payments and economic policy in Britain. London: National Institute of Economic and Social Research, 1990.

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Office, National Audit. Financial control over payments by the Ministry of Defence. London: H.M.S.O., 1992.

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Baylis, John. British defence policy: Striking the right balance. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1989.

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British defence policy: Striking the right balance. London: Macmillan, 1989.

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Corporation, Housing. Payments and benefits: Guidance on Section 15 of the Housing Associations Act 1985. 3rd ed. London: The Housing Corporation, 1993.

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A balance of power. London: H. Hamilton, 1986.

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Wingate and the Chindits: Redressing the balance. London: Cassell, 2000.

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Office, National Audit. The Department of Trade and Industry Redundancy Payments Service: Management and recovery of debt. London: The Stationery Office, 1996.

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Groves, Peter. Copyright and designs law: A question of balance : the copyright, designs andpatents act 1988. London: Graham & Trotman, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Balance of payments, great britain"

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Britton, Andrew, and Robert Anderton. "The Balance of Payments and Economic Policy in Britain." In External Imbalances and Policy Constraints in the 1990s, 68–90. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22453-1_4.

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Orde, Anne. "Finding a New Balance: Naval and Other Problems in the 1920s." In The Eclipse of Great Britain, 70–98. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-24924-4_4.

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Vampa, Davide. "Spain: Finding a Balance Between Territorial Equality and Strong Regional Identities." In The Regional Politics of Welfare in Italy, Spain and Great Britain, 95–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39007-9_6.

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McKercher, B. J. C. "Strategy and Foreign Policy in Great Britain, 1930–1938: From the Pursuit of the Balance of Power to Appeasement." In Britain in Global Politics Volume 1, 153–74. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137367822_7.

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Curtis, C. J., T. E. H. Allott, B. Reynolds, and R. Harriman. "The Prediction of Nitrate Leaching with the First-Order Acidity Balance (FAB) Model for Upland Catchment in Great Britain." In Biogeochemical Investigations at Watershed, Landscape, and Regional Scales, 205–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0906-4_20.

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Pischedda, Costantino. "The Appeasement Puzzle and Competition Neglect." In Studi e saggi, 123–40. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-595-0.11.

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Recent studies indicate that British appeasement towards Hitler followed a buying-time logic, i.e., it tried to postpone confrontation until Great Britain improved its military position through rearmament. However, this chapter shows that Germany actually extended its military edge over the appeasement years. Drawing on the literature on judgment and decision-making, the chapter theorizes that competition neglect – the tendency to focus myopically on one’s own capabilities and pay insufficient attention to those of the competition – may explain the puzzling gap between British policymakers’ plans and actual trends in the balance of power. The competition neglect thesis and an alternative explanation, positing the occurrence of miscalculation, are tested with a case study of British foreign policy towards Germany in 1937-38.
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Defraigne, Jean-Christophe. "Is China on the Verge of a Weltpolitik? A Comparison of the Current Shift in the Balance of Power between China and the West and the Shift between Great Britain and Wilhelmine Germany." In Interpreting China as a Regional and Global Power, 293–323. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137450302_15.

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"6 The Loss of Control: The Balance of Payments." In Goodbye, Great Britain, 163–78. Yale University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/9780300161502-010.

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Mandelbaum, Michael. "The Offshore Balancer, 1914–1933." In The Four Ages of American Foreign Policy, 156–90. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197621790.003.0006.

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At the outset of World War I the United States sought to remain neutral but because of Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare ultimately entered the conflict on the side of Great Britain and France. American troops contributed to the Allied victory in 1918. At the postwar Paris Peace Conference the American president Woodrow Wilson orchestrated the creation of an international peace-keeping organization, the League of Nations, but the United States Senate rejected American membership in it. In the postwar period the United States attempted to support peace through naval arms control in the Pacific and to stabilize the European economies by adjusting Germany’s reparations payments to France and Great Britain, but the Great Depression brought severe economic hardship to Europe and North America and in East Asia Japan seized part of China despite American protests.
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"The Balance of Payments." In Economic Planning and Policies in Britain, France and Germany, 335–55. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315228051-11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Balance of payments, great britain"

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Chen, Zhenyi. "Study On The Situation Between France And The South China Sea From The Perspective Of Balance Of Power Theory." In 8th Peace and Conflict Resolution Conference [PCRC2021]. Tomorrow People Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/pcrc.2021.011.

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ABSTRACT With the rise of China and the escalation of tension between China and the United States, European countries led by Britain, France and Germany pay increasing attention to the regional situation in the Asia-Pacific (now known as "Indo-Pacific"). Among them, the South China Sea (SCS) is one of the main areas disputed by China, the United States, Southeast Asian countries and some European countries. Western countries are worried that the rise of China's military power will break the stability of the situation in SCS and alter the balance of power among major powers. Therefore, they tried to balance China's rise through alliance. In France's Indo-Pacific strategy, France aims to build a regional order with the alliance of France, India and Australia as the core, and regularly carry out military exercises targeting SCS with the United States, Japan and Southeast Asian countries. This paper aims to study the activities and motivation of France in the South China Sea, and put the situation in SCS under the perspective of Balance of Power Theory, focusing on China, America and France. It will be argued that great powers are carefully maintaining the balance of military power in SCS, and it is highly possible that this trend would still last in the middle and long term, particularly via military deployment and strategic alliances. KEYWORDS: South China Sea, France, China, Balance of Power theory, Indo-Pacific.
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Ürüt Kelleci, Serap, and Emine Fırat. "Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investments and Economic Growth: The Azerbaijan Sample." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01929.

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Today, foreign direct investment is very important for both developed and developing countries. It is seen as an opportunity to overcome the inadequacy of capital, especially in developing countries. It is expected that these investments will make a serious contribution in solving the problems related to the balance of payments, in the realization of the investments that will enable the growth of the economies, in increasing the employment. The study will examine the size, development and effects of foreign capital in Azerbaijan economy. Azerbaijan, which is also known as transition economies, has gone from the Soviet Union in 1991 to regulating its economic structure from the beginning. At this point, they have undertaken various reforms to improve their inadequate investment capabilities and to attract foreign direct investment into the country. In this respect, they tried to have a share of this great pasty shared by the developed countries in the world. In this study, firstly foreign direct investments and economic effects will be examined. Then, general information about Azerbaijani economy will be given and the dimensions and effects of foreign direct investments in Azerbaijan will be revealed. After the literature review on the subject has been made, the relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment in Azerbaijan will be empirically analyzed. The figures for Azerbaijan during the period 1995-2015 were obtained from the World Bank.
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Soyu, Esra, Süleyman Karaçor, Serdar Altınok, and Emine Fırat. "An Evaluation on the Place and Importance of Tourism Revenues of Turkey in Economy." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c08.01926.

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Globalization has allowed a number of countries to make important progresses that would contribute to economy in areas like industry and information technologies. Developed economies have obtained a cost advantage and increased both product potential and economic progress by means of advanced technologies. Developing economies, on the other hand, are required to determine the sectors to invest in order to progress. Regarding progress, it is primarily required to evaluate the tourism supply potential of countries. The tourism sector in Turkey has made a great progress for nearly more than 30 years and tourism has had positive effects upon economy. Foreign currency inflow of the country has increased the investment, revenue and employment and positively affected the balance of payments. Taking necessary precautions for Turkey to get more share from the international tourism revenue will also increase the social welfare. In this study, the place and importance of the tourism sector in economy are evaluated with the help of data. These data consist of the number of foreign tourists that come to Turkey for touristic reasons, acquired tourism revenue, touristic expenditure rates, share of tourism in the Gross National Product, as well as its effects upon the national income and share in foreign trade. Interpreting the reasons and outcomes of the recent decrease in tourism revenues in our country; it has been concluded that Turkey is in a serious need of tourism revenues and it is required to urgently intervene in this matter.
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