Academic literature on the topic 'Balance of payments – Thailand ; Economic development – Thailand'
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Journal articles on the topic "Balance of payments – Thailand ; Economic development – Thailand"
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Khan, Ahmad. "Presumptive Tax as an Alternate Income Tax Base: A Case Study of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 32, no. 4II (December 1, 1993): 991–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.991-1004.
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There is a general consensus that an efficient means of mobilising revenues is necessaIy for improved public infrastructure and for preventing disruptions in the economy [Wilfried (1991)]. Inappropriate and unsustainable expenditure and revenue policies, on the contrary, cause disappointing economic performance. Hence, the concern with mobilising adequate resources through improved taxation and better pricing of public services. A review of the existing taxation systems of several developing countries suggests that these are distortionary in nature and contribute to a number of economic problems including production inefficiency, capital flight and fiscal and balance of payments disequilibria [Asher (1990)]. They are generally complex (difficult to administer and comply with), inelastic (nonresponsive to growth and discretionary policy measures), inefficient (raise little revenues but introduce serious economic distortions), inequitable (treat businesses and individuals in similar circumstances differently) and, quite simply, unfair (tax administration and enforcement are selective and skewed in favour of those capable of defeating th~ system) [McLure and Zodarow (1991)]. Further, there is heavy reliance on taxes on international trade (approx. 80 percent for India and Thailand, 84 percent for Sri Lanka, 70 percent for the Philippines, 50 percent for Turkey). User charges and taxes on income, property and capital contribute only a small proportion of the overall revenues (pakistan 20 percent, Thailand 19 percent, India 17 percent, the Philippines 19 percent). Agricultural incomes are not taxed. personal and corporate income taxes are levied on narrow bases at high rates. These tax structures impose varying levels of taxation, depending on the form of income, type of assets, size and legal status of businesses, and the kind of Qusiness activity (i.e. are 'schedular' in nature). As a result, the average effective tax rate and the marginal effective tax rate substantially vary across assets and section-thereby distorting individual choices with respect to the form of income, the sector of investment activity, and the time profile of investment [Bulutoglu and Thirsk (1991)].
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IŞIK, Mustafa, Yakup ÖZSEZER, and Fikriye IŞIK. "THE CURRENT GROWTH EFFECT OF HEALTH TOURISM MARKET DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY FOR THE EVALUATION ON CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT." IEDSR Association 6, no. 11 (February 24, 2021): 220–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.238.
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Tourism sector is one of the major driving forces to develop the Turkish economy which provides the positive contributions with new employment opportunities and the national income and payments. With aid of this developments in economy by tourism, it has also increased the interaction with alternative areas. Health Tourism is also one of the special areas in which provides to the country high added value and foreign currency exchange income. Since the revenue outcome by health tourism is reaching up to 100 billion dollars, the national policy of health tourism enable countries has been undertaken as a high interested point of investment needed area. The critical threshold of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is 4 to 5 percent as a current account balance and this deficient outcome in Turkey mostly takes on 5 to 4 percent which is a considered as a critical threshold. Health Tourism is expected to play a key role in bringing the values to the positive levels and therefore the focus is becoming on this area by health sector. Developing countries such as India, Singapore, and Thailand meet their foreign trade deficits with the income where they have obtained from this specific sector and the level of growth in this sector is at certain rate every year. The health Tourism is very crucial and significant sector for such a country Turkey, who has current budget deficit, and it is real economic sense. With Covid-19 crisis, the plans related with health tourism is re-evaluated by the coordination between Turkish Ministry of Health, Ministry of Tourism and Ministry of Economy. Especially, with the infrastructure works carried for public and city hospitals has been capable of providing health tourism services within the organization which is called “USHAŞ (International Health Services)”. The health tourism sector offers significant opportunities for Turkey during Covid-19 pandemic effects on our current account deficit and the decline in economic recovery of our tourism industry and losses. With health tourism created opportunities is already in an increasing trend, to contribute to the country’s economy much faster by increasing target markets with public-private cooperation.
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Nidhiritdhikrai, Raksanai, Supawat Vivanpatarakij, and Weerin Wangjiraniran. "Development of Thailand Low Carbon Society Scenario." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1094–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1094.
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The objective of this paper is to establish and manage the study group of Thailand and conduct the research activities and create the possible scenario stories of Thailand under the global trend of carbon reduction. The goal of "Balance of Economic, Environment, Energy and Social development (3E&1S) for Low Carbon Societies (LCS)” has been set to be the key decision focus of this study. The tool to handle this future issue is the scenario planning method. This approach is widely applied for exploring the different possible future prospective. Outcome of scenario creation is derived by the brainstorming process from key stakeholders. With the obtained information, the possible scenarios will be determined and can be used as a guideline for policy planning and long-term preparation for economic, environmental, energy and social development of Thailand.
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Paweenawat, Archawa, and Robert M. Townsend. "Village Economic Accounts: Real and Financial Intertwined." American Economic Review 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.3.441.
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We propose a framework to create village economic and balance of payments accounts from a micro-level household survey. Using the Townsend Thai data, we create the accounts for villages in rural and semi-urban areas of Thailand. We then study these village economies as small open countries, exploring in particular the relationship between the real and financial variables. We examine cross-village risk-sharing and the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle. Our results suggest that within-village risk-sharing is better than across-village and, while there is smoothing in both, the mechanisms are different. We also find that, unlike countries, the cross-village capital markets are highly integrated.
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Rogozhina, N. "Is Democracy Possible in Thailand?" World Economy and International Relations, no. 4 (2015): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-4-101-110.
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The political development of Thailand in XXIth century is characterized by a deep split of the society into opponents and supporters of democratization. The latter are consolidated around the figure of Taksin Sinavatra, the former prime minister. He was overthrown by the military in 2006, but still enjoys the support of the popular majority he gained due to his economic policy aimed at improving the life conditions of the poor in periphery regions. The triumph of his parties in elections since 2001 caused the new power balance in politics traditionally viewed as a focal area of the political establishment – the representatives of the Bangkok upper and middle classes only. The marginalization of their position in the political system and the impossibility of coming to power through elections determined their integration into the anti-government movement, for the purpose of cancelling the representative democracy system that doesn’t meet the interests of the traditional political elite finding itself in a “minority” and unwilling to be under the reign of a “majority”. The deepening of the political crisis provoked the military into undertaking the coup d’état in May 2014 and establishing an authoritarian regime, which ensured the accrescency of power for the traditional elite. Nevertheless, as the author concludes, the future political development of Thailand seems unclear. The power of military in cooperation with their civilian followers is unlikely to reconcile the society, split by class differences and political aspirations. The contemporary political development of Thailand reflects the situation when the “populace” doesn’t want just to remain under control any longer, and the “upper strata” refuses to be under the rule of the electoral majority. The main question raised today is not of the Taksin's destiny, but of an alternative for the Thailand's future political development – restricted democracy directed by upper classes, or representative democracy.
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Møller, Kasper Anias, Ole Fryd, Andreas De Neergaard, and Jakob Magid. "Economic, environmental and socio-cultural sustainability of three constructed wetlands in Thailand." Environment and Urbanization 24, no. 1 (April 2012): 305–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247811434259.
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Constructed wetlands (cws) for wastewater treatment may be part of the answer to the urgent need for a change in the approach to wastewater treatment in developing countries. Although thailand has several cws, there have been no studies of their sustainability. To remedy this, the sustainability of three promising cws in very different settings was assessed. These were located at koh phi phi, a world-renowned international tourist and holiday resort; sakon nakhon, a northeastern provincial capital; and ban pru teaw, a small post-tsunami village on the andaman coast. Key stakeholder interviews, questionnaires and household interview surveys, together with existing data and on-site measurements of the key pollutant content of wastewater were used to evaluate the systems. Results show that major management and treatment problems have emerged in the projects at koh phi phi and ban pru teaw due to the lack of post-construction personnel development and maintenance; but on the other hand, sakon nakhon is the first cw in thailand to obtain iso 9001 certification. The results reveal the importance of the socio-cultural dimension of sustainability; public perception, awareness and knowledge, local expertise and clear roles for institutions could explain the differences in sustainability of the cws. The environmental benefits and the low operation and maintenance costs are also important for sustainability, by justifying the system and avoiding user payments.
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Kuitenbrouwer, Maarten. "Colonialism and Human Rights. Indonesia and the Netherlands in Comparative Perspective." Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights 21, no. 2 (June 2003): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016934410302100203.
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In a pioneering article, titled ‘Colonialism and Human Rights, A Contradiction in Terms?’ the American historian Conklin established in 1998 that France not only violated human rights in West Africa about 1900, but also promoted them for a small African elite, both in intended and unintended ways. For colonial Indonesia about 1900 the British historian Ricklefs observed in more general terms a similiar human rights balance. In this article this rough human rights balance is elaborated in more detail and for a longer period in comparative perspective. The case of the Netherlands Indies is compared to British India, French Indochina and independent Thailand during the 19th and 20th centuries. Both the human rights violations during colonial conquest and the limited promotion of political and civil rights and education could be specified in rather exact terms. But for social and economic rights GNP figures had to be chosen as main indicator. In general, British India took the lead in the promotion of political and civil rights and education, and independent Thailand in economic development, while the Netherlands Indies occupied a middle position and French Indochina lagged behind in both respects. In comparative perspective, education proved to be a crucial human right, opening the way to eventual selfdetermination.
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ROGOZHINA, N. G. "Political Parties of Thailand – Examination for Democratic Stability." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 3 (August 17, 2018): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-3-102-119.
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On the threshold of elections designed to be held in February 2019, the first after the military junta seized power in 2014, it is important to define the role of parties in the political process of Thailand, which as other developing countries of Asia, faces challenges in democratic state building. The contemporary political history of kingdom represents the confrontation of two tendencies – authoritarianism and democracy what has a reverse impact on political parties, their character, structure and ability to represent interests of the society as a whole. The author analyses the process of party evolution in the historical retrospective in the context of transformation of political system – from bureaucratic to semidemocratic subjected to economic modernization and changes in socio structure of society where traditional form of organization patron-client is persisted. The author defines three stages of evolution of party system in Thailand The first is characterized by the full control of civil-military bureaucracy over parties. The second stage is closely related to the formation of provincial political clientele groups. The third stage marks the evolvement of party of “power” with the implication for strengthening the parliamentary democracy in the beginning of XXI century. And as the result of it – to the destabilization of political system, based on the relative balance of power between two main political forces – bureaucracy and army interested in reservation of authoritarian government, and bourgeoisie supporting the liberalization of political institutes. With the emergence of party of “power” supported by the majority of population advocating parliamentary democracy political spectrum has changed. The arising conflict of interests subjected to collision of positions regarding the model of political governance was overcome by military coup. Analyzing the political spectrum on the threshold of elections the author comes to conclusion that the restoration of compromised model of political governance sample of 80-90 years of XX century is the most likely option of political development of Thailand in the near future. Though it differs in one aspect – the social structure has changed, there is the rise of that groups of population that intend to participate in the political process, what will force the power to be more transparent and social oriented. These challenges face the political parties as well.
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Persada, Aninditya Gita Kireina, and Lazarus Tri Setyawanta. "Perubahan Jalur Pelayaran Terhadap Peta Perekonomian Asia Tenggara Dampak Pembangunan Terusan Kra Thailand." Journal of Marine Research 10, no. 1 (February 14, 2021): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jmr.v10i1.29671.
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Terusan Kra merupakan kanal yang telah direncanakan pembangunannya oleh Thailand sejak abad ke-17. Dengan dibangunnya terusan Kra yang dimungkinkan berhasil memberi efisiensi terhadap penyingkatan waktu pelayaran di daerah Asia Pasifik tentu akan memberi dampak kerugian yang signifikan pada terusan Malaka yang telah terlebih dahulu dibuat. Dampak pembangunan tersebut akan mempengaruhi perubahan jalur pelayaran serta merubah peta perekonomian Asia Tenggara secara makro. Tujuan dari tulisan ini ada untuk mengetahui dampak dan perubahan signifikan terhadap pembangunan terusan Kra di masa depan. Metode yang digunakan merupakan pendekatan yuridis normatif yang menggunakan data sekunder melalui penelitian kepustakaan dan studi dokumen. Adanya terusan Kra akan merubah neraca ekspor dan impor secara signifikan serta akan memberikan perubahan besar ke beberapa negara-negara di Asia Pasifik. Hingga saat ini mulai banyak negara-negara di Asia Tenggara yang mulai merencanakan dan membangun kawasan pantainya agar dapat bersaing saat nantinya Terusan Kra dibuka. The Kra Canal is a canal that Thailand has planned to build since the 17th century. With the construction of the Kra canal, which is possible to provide efficiency in reducing shipping time in the Asia Pacific region, it will certainly have a significant impact on the Malacca canal that was previously built. This development impact will affect changes in shipping lanes and change the economic map of Southeast Asia at a macro level. The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact and significant changes to the development of the Kra canal in the future. The method used is a normative juridical approach that uses secondary data through library research and document study. The existence of the Kra canal will change the export and import balance significantly and will provide big changes for several countries in Asia Pacific. Until now, many countries in Southeast Asia have started planning and building their coastal areas so that they can compete when the Kra Canal opens.
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Khongboon, Pattaraporn, and Sathirakorn Pongpanich. "Estimating Long-Term Care Costs among Thai Elderly: A Phichit Province Case Study." Journal of Aging Research 2018 (2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4180565.
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Background. Rural-urban inequality in long-term care (LTC) services has been increasing alongside rapid socioeconomic development. This study estimates the average spending on LTC services and identifies the factors that influence the use and cost of LTC for the elderly living in urban and rural areas of Thailand. Methods. The sample comprised 837 elderly aged 60 years drawn from rural and urban areas in Phichit Province. Costs were assessed over a 1-month period. Direct costs of caregiving and indirect costs (opportunity cost method) were analyzed. Binary logistic regression was performed to determine which factors affected LTC costs. Results. The total annual LTC spending for rural and urban residents was on average USD 7,285 and USD 7,280.6, respectively. Formal care and informal care comprise the largest share of payments. There was a significant association between rural residents and costs for informal care, day/night care, and home renovation. Conclusions. Even though total LTC expenditures do not seem to vary significantly across rural and urban areas, the fundamental differences between areas need to be recognized. Reorganizing country delivery systems and finding a balance between formal and informal care are alternative solutions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Balance of payments – Thailand ; Economic development – Thailand"
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Tharnpanich, Nat. "Thailand's economic growth from a balance-of-payments perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648875.
Full textBooks on the topic "Balance of payments – Thailand ; Economic development – Thailand"
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Nayyar, Deepak. Resurgent Asia. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849513.001.0001.
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Resurgent Asia analyses the phenomenal transformation of Asia, which would have been difficult to imagine, let alone predict, fifty years ago, when Gunnar Myrdal published Asian Drama. In doing so, it provides an analytical narrative of this remarkable story of economic development, situated in its wider context of historical, political, and social factors, and an economic analysis of the underlying factors, with a focus on critical issues in the process of, and outcomes in, development. In 1970, Asia was the poorest continent in the world, marginal except for its large population. By 2016, it accounted for three-tenths of world income, two-fifths of world manufacturing, and one-third of world trade, while its income per capita converged towards the world average. However, this transformation was associated with unequal outcomes across countries and between people. The analysis disaggregates Asia into its four constituent sub-regions—East, Southeast, South, and West—and further into fourteen economies—China, India, South Korea, Indonesia, Turkey, Taiwan, Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Vietnam, and Sri Lanka—which account for more than four-fifths of its population and income. This book enhances our understanding of development processes and outcomes in Asia over the past fifty years, draws out the analytical conclusions that contribute to contemporary debates on development, and highlights some lessons from the Asian experience for countries elsewhere. It is the first to examine the phenomenal changes that are transforming economies in Asia and shifting the balance of economic power in the world, while reflecting on the future prospects in Asia over the next twenty-five years. A rich, engaging, and fascinating read.
Book chapters on the topic "Balance of payments – Thailand ; Economic development – Thailand"
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Doner, Richard F., Gregory W. Noble, and John Ravenhill. "Conclusion." In The Political Economy of Automotive Industrialization in East Asia, 297–326. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197520253.003.0010.
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The country case studies reveal two divergent approaches to automotive industrialization. Some countries have attempted to deepen local capabilities via institutions for industrial diffusion and cooperation. Intensive development proved remarkably successful in Korea, and to a lesser extent in China and Taiwan, but failed in Malaysia. In contrast, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand have come to rely almost solely on foreign multinationals, leading to a shallow but potentially extensive pattern of development. The Conclusion reviews the balance between external threats and access to resources that helped determine the degree of commitment to institution building. It then tests that framework against the experience of Mexico, Brazil, and other developing countries, and considers the implications for theories of economic development. New challenges facing the automobile industry include congestion, global warming, and the transition to electric and autonomous vehicles. In each case, institutions for industrial cooperation and diffusion will play a crucial role.