Academic literature on the topic 'Balance of trade Saving and investment Economic development Developing countries'
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Journal articles on the topic "Balance of trade Saving and investment Economic development Developing countries"
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Budhathoki, Krishnahari. "Remittance: Role and Challenges in Nepalese Economy." Economic Journal of Nepal 40, no. 1-4 (December 31, 2017): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ejon.v40i1-4.35950.
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Both developing and developed countries have made a significant study of remittance and labor migration. Developing countries have attained benefits from remittance to uplift economic activities like maintaining household consumption, increasing pattern of saving and investment, receiving foreign currencies for imports, making favorable balance of payments, diplomatic activities, enhancing social and infrastructural development and maintain macroeconomic stability. The study explores the role and challenges of remittance in Nepalese economy. No doubt, Nepal as least developing country attains lots of benefits from remittance and labor migration. Along with such economic and social benefits, remittance generates a lot challenges in economy such as brain drain, trade deficit, shortage of man power, higher labor cost, backwardness of productive sectors of economy and a lot of social problems. The study also points out of effective use of remittance that helps to mobilize internal resource to create employment opportunities in a country with a formulation of proper implementation of necessary policy regarding a proper utilization of remittance.
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Jean, Arché. "Is Foreign Aid Working? The Impact of Foreign Aid on Savings, Investment, and Economic Growth in Haiti." Applied Finance and Accounting 1, no. 1 (February 26, 2015): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/afa.v1i1.646.
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Despite increases in foreign aid inflow to Haiti, the country remains one of the poorest in the world. Findings regarding the benefits of foreign aid have been inconsistent. The purpose of this quantitative, archival study was to examine the extent to which total foreign aid explained gross domestic savings, gross domestic investment, and GDP growth rates in Haiti from 1975 to 2010 after 3-year, 4-year, and 5-year time lags. Foreign aid was disaggregated into grants and concessional loans. Data were drawn from the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development from 1970 to 2010. To analyze the extent to which total foreign aid predicted gross domestic savings and gross domestic investment, weighted least squares regression analyses were conducted, with per capita income, interest rates, and inflation rates as covariates. To examine the degree to which total foreign aid predicted GDP growth rates, multiple linear regression analyses were conducted, with consumption, government spending, gross domestic investment, and net trade balance as covariates. Foreign aid did not predict gross domestic savings for 3-year time lag, F (5, 30) = 1.32, p =.28; 4-year time lag, F (5, 30) = 1.24, p =.32, or 5-year time lag, F(5,30) = 1.30, p =.15. Foreign aid did not predict gross domestic investment for 3-year time lag, F(5, 30) = 1.49, p =.22; 4-year time lag, F(5,30)= 1.73, p =.16, or 5-year time lag, F(5, 30) = 2.29, p =.07. Foreign aid did not predict GDP growth rates for 3-year time lag, F(6, 29), p =.44; 4-year time lag, F(6, 29) = 1.11, p =.38, or 5-year time lag F(6, 29) = 0.83, p =.56. Findings showed that foreign aid inflows to Haiti have not predicted improved economic development. Future research should focus on determining the relationship between foreign aid and government investment in infrastructure, education, health, and social projects. The discussion should shift from whether foreign aid flows to developing countries are effective to how to make the allocation of foreign aid inflows more effective. The result would be improved use of the inflow of foreign aid and improved economic and social progress in developing nations.
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Lurnk, Joke. "A World Accounting Framework: Trade and Financial Flows between Developing Countdes and the Rest of the World." Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 4II (December 1, 1992): 655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i4iipp.655-665.
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The patterns of trade and fmancial flows between different parts of the world economy have changed dramatically over the last two decades. These changes have been accompanied by large increases in discrepancies in macroeconomic statistics. Published data sources on global macroeconomic aggregates may be highly misleading because of their lack of consistency. A first necessary step towards the analysis of changes in the patterns of international trade and finance is therefore to develop a consistent global accounting framework in which international finance can be placed in relationship to international trade and domestic accumulation: this framework we call the World Accounting Matrix (WAM). The W AM is based on the concept that related variables - international trade, fmancial flows and stocks, and domestic saving and investments - should be presented in one framework that explicitly takes the relationships between the variables into account. It is an integrated data system centred around accumulation balances. It presents aggregates in matrix format, for groups of countries. The purpose of the W AM is (i) to bring data from various data sources together in one framework in order to make better use of existing statistics, (ii) to check for consistency and to disentangle discrepancies both within and between data sources and to make adjustments for the discrepancies, (iii) to provide an analytical framework for the analysis of the effects of different types of international capital flows and external shocks on economic growth and stability in developing countries and the role of international capital flows in the process of global adjustment.
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Khalid, Ijaz, Aneela Akbar, and Hina Malik. "COVID-19: Socio-Economic Implications for Pakistan." Global Economics Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/ger.2020(v-iii).12.
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The paper analyzes the global pandemic of COVID-19, its evolution, development and its implications on the world and specifically Pakistan. Sparkly, it emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan, was restricted to the city for less than a month, but currently, the virus has engrossed the whole world. This part of the study investigates both developed and developing countries responses to deal with the dominant global issue. The study focused on Pakistan's response to COVID-19 being damaged by War on Terror and political instability. The paper concluded that Pakistan very smartly responded to the pandemic by applying smart lockdown within its limited resources to contain the virus and maintained a balance between saving lives and saving livelihoods. This piece of paper also finds that, like in other developing countries, the pandemic also has severe Socio-economic implications as the economically of the business went down, investment came to its lowest level that heavily marked Pakistan economically unsound. Socially speaking, the virus created fear and totally break down the public gathering that made the people psychologically unhealthy.
5
Shi, Ji. "MACRO-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF SINO-US TRADE IMBALANCET." International Trade and Trade Policy, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2020-3-39-57.
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China is one of the developing countries with the most rapid development and the U.S. is de-veloped country with the strongest economic strength, economic development of the two coun-tries has become main impetus of the world economic growth. Sino-US bilateral trade has be-come the most important constituent part of global trade. With the rapid development of Sino-US bilateral trade, trade imbalance also lead great concern of the two governments and academic circles, especially after China entered into WTO, the problem of Sino-US trade imbalance be-come even more serious. This paper mainly analyzes the influence of macroeconomic factors on China-US trade deficit, as economists generally believe that savings and exchange rates are closely related to trade balance. Undervalued exchange rate can keep relatively low prices for products made in China, while the booming domestic demand in the United States provides China with a wide variety of external market opportunities. This paper points out that difference in saving rates between the two countries is an important macroeconomic reason for the contin-ued growth of China’s trade surplus with the United States in international trade. The RMB exchange rate is an influencing factor, but not a fundamental one.
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Rauf, Sundas, Rashid Mehmood, Aisha Rauf, and Shafaqat Mehmood. "Integrated Model to Measure the Impact of Terrorism and Political Stability on FDI Inflows: Empirical Study of Pakistan." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 4 (March 23, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n4p1.
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<p>To condense saving-investment gap, transformation of technology, creation of employment opportunities and more importantly, increasing economic development of host countries, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is proven to be a significant source of investment predominantly for developing countries. Numerous standing studies have scrutinized the economic impact of terrorism and political stability by referring to decrease in FDI. This study empirically enlightens the determinants of FDI for Pakistan over the period 1970 to 2013, by using annual secondary time series data. Adopting the optimistic approach, in this study, variables in the combination of terrorism, political stability, trade openness and GDP have been analyzed applying Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. As expected, the projected results confirm that GDP, trade openness and political stability have positive and significant impact whilst terrorism has negative influence on FDI inflows in Pakistan. Because of the political stability along with stable GDP growth rate, inverse impact of terrorism has been found statistically insignificant.</p>
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VEPAYEV, Arslan, and Ozan DENİZ. "PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION TRENDS OF NATURAL GAS OF TURKMENISTAN THE YEARS FROM 2009 TO 2019." Journal of Scientific Perspectives 4, no. 4 (November 7, 2020): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26900/jsp.4.020.
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In this study, natural gas production and consumption of Turkmenistan has been mentioned for years. Leaving the Soviet system in 1991, Turkmenistan started to take the first steps to move its economy from a closed system to a free market system. To raise its economy to the level of developed states, Turkmenistan has come by implementing new regulations in social and industrial areas within 10 years. Turkmenistan has chosen an international, open, and pluralist economic model since its independence. This model has projected the "10-Year National Development Program" to ensure the economic development of the country and to be carried out according to the targets and plans. The main goal of the development program can be shown as placing the country among the first world countries, a social market economy, managing the country within its means, and encouraging international investors to structural and economic investments. Today, World trade represents the liberalization trend. Liberalization of trade and markets provides the necessary foreign savings and foreign exchange needs to finance economic development with the help of foreign investments in developing countries such as Turkmenistan. Being a country with very rich natural resources, Turkmenistan aims to improve the country's economy by processing these resources and presenting them to the world markets. According to data in 2009, Russia is the largest importer of natural gas, the country's most important export product, while Iran is the second. During this period, exports to China are at a low level. However, while gas exports to Russia and Iran decreased to very low levels over time, China became the biggest consumer of Turkmenistan natural gas. In this, the relations of countries, energy needs, and investments made by demanding countries and the geographical distribution trends of the natural gas consumption-supply demand balance in the world. 2009-2019 is the economic advancement decade in the energy sector of Turkmenistan as a result of exploring and producing new gas reserves in the country, after which consumers gained conscious consumption as well as concluding new agreements with investors.
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Tahir, Rizwan. "Defence Spending and Economic Growth: Re-examining the Issue of Causality for Pakistan and India." Pakistan Development Review 34, no. 4III (December 1, 1995): 1109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v34i4iiipp.1109-1117.
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What is the impact of carrying a heavy defence burden on the country’s economic development and growth? Views expressed in the literature1 argue that national defence is a consumption good which reduces economic growth by reducing saving and capital investment. A number of empirical studies have investigated the possible trade-offs between defence spending and other government expenditures like health and education. Empirical evidence concerning the relationship between defence spending and economic growth for developed countries is not inconsistent with the view that defence reduced the resources available for investment and hurts economic growth. See, for example, Benoit (1973). The evidence for developing countries, however, has not been entirely consistent or conclusive.2 Benoit (1978), using data on 44 less developed countries (LDCs) for the period 1950–65, found a strong positive association between defence spending and growth of civilian output per capita. Fredericksen and Looney (1982), using data for the period 1960–78 on a large cross-section, concluded that increased defence spending assists economic growth in resource-rich countries and not in resource-constraint ones. Using a sample of 54 LDCs pertaining to the period 1965–73, Lim (1983) found that defence spending hurts economic growth. Biswas and Ram (1986) in a sample of 58 LDCs for time-periods 1960–70 and 1970–77, using conventional and augmented growth models, concluded that military expenditures neither help nor hurt economic growth to any significant extent.
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Iriqat, Raed A. M., and Ahmad N. H. Anabtawi. "GDP and Tax Revenues-Causality Relationship in Developing Countries: Evidence from Palestine." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 4 (March 23, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n4p54.
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<p>The study aims to investigate the causality relationship between Gross Domestic Product and its components with Tax revenues in developing countries as a case study in Palestine. This study based on an empirical approach using secondary data from Palestine monetary Authority during (1999-2014). The findings exposed mainly that the tax revenues does not Granger Cause each of the Palestinian Gross Domestic Product, Government spending, Consumption, Investment and Balance of trade. In addition, researcher divided period of study into three stages according to changing in income tax act. Moreover, results shows that the impact of macro-economic variables on tax revenues and correlations between dependent and independent variables was changing from one stage to other.</p>This paper concludes that the Palestinian authority should motivate investment conditions and improve the tax collection instruments and decrease the tax invasion. In addition, Palestinian government should rationalize the government consumption spending and increase the government expenditure for the development.
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Eshetu, Fassil, and Abule Mehare. "Determinants of Ethiopian Agricultural Exports: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis." Review of Market Integration 12, no. 1-2 (August 2020): 70–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974929220969272.
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Although the share of developing countries in international trade has been growing over the last two decades, the share of Africa and Ethiopia in international trade has remained below 3 and 0.3 per cent, respectively. More importantly, despite the colossal effort that has been made by the Ethiopian government to remedy the problem of the export sector over the last two decades, the country has faced a twin deficit: trade deficit and fiscal deficit. As a result, the trade balance of Ethiopia has been worsening through time due to the widening gap between export and import values. Therefore, this study examined the determinants of Ethiopian agricultural exports using the imperfect substitutes’ model as a theoretical framework and system generalised moment method as an analytical model for the period 1998–2018. The regression result of the two-step system generalised moment method showed that gross domestic product, exchange rate, road network, corruption index of Ethiopia, lagged export value, indirect tax revenue and domestic saving are the major determinants of agricultural exports in Ethiopia. However, foreign direct investment and labour force are negatively and significantly related to Ethiopian agricultural exports. Hence, rapid economic growth, currency devaluation, encouraging domestic saving, reducing the tariff on export and better control of corruption would boost Ethiopian agricultural exports. Besides, controlling rapid population growth and directing foreign direct investment to the agricultural sector will also surge Ethiopian agricultural exports.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Balance of trade Saving and investment Economic development Developing countries"
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Fukui, Elisabeth Tani. "Essays in international economics." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1680014711&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Balance of trade Saving and investment Economic development Developing countries"
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Rahman, Nida, and Shehroz Alam Rizvi. "FDI Inflows and Current Account Evidence From BIMSTEC." In Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) and Opportunities for Developing Economies in the World Market, 123–41. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3026-8.ch007.
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The liberalisation drive that swept across the globe post-1990s gave way to FDI in emerging as a catalyst of economic development for a majority of economic groups and nations. With the objective of realising economic development by transiting from debt flows to FDI flows, several economies tied up in regional groups in the Asian region to foster trade and investment sectors and other areas as well. In this regard, the BIMSTEC group came forth in 1997 as an initiative on the part of selected South Asian and South East Asian countries to collaborate and work together for the economic wellbeing of the member countries. The current account balance of the member nations and its nexus with inward FDI needs to be counted while forging over economic soundness of the participating nations. In this respect, the chapter attempts to search for evidences of causality among FDI inflows and current account balance across member countries of BIMSTEC group. The chapter utilises annual data for the member countries for a time frame ranging 1991-2014 from UNCTAD STATISTICS Database.