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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Balancing of assembly-lines

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Academic literature on the topic 'Balancing of assembly-lines'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Balancing of assembly-lines"

1

Chen, Sihua, and Louis Plebani. "HEURISTIC FOR BALANCING U-SHAPED ASSEMBLY LINES WITH PARALLEL STATIONS." Journal of the Operations Research Society of Japan 51, no. 1 (2008): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.15807/jorsj.51.1.

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Gökçen, Hadi, Kürşad Ağpak, and Recep Benzer. "Balancing of parallel assembly lines." International Journal of Production Economics 103, no. 2 (October 2006): 600–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2005.12.001.

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Praça,, Isabel C., and Carlos Ramos,. "Balancing Assembly Lines With Simulation." Journal for Manufacturing Science and Production 3, no. 1 (March 2000): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmsp.2000.3.1.29.

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Özcan, Uğur. "Balancing stochastic parallel assembly lines." Computers & Operations Research 99 (November 2018): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2018.05.006.

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Dolgui, Alexandre. "Balancing Assembly and Transfer Lines." European Journal of Operational Research 168, no. 3 (February 2006): 663–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2004.07.021.

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Özcan, Uğur, Hadi Gökçen, and Bilal Toklu. "Balancing parallel two-sided assembly lines." International Journal of Production Research 48, no. 16 (August 4, 2009): 4767–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207540903074991.

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Chiang, Wen-Chyuan, Timothy L. Urban, and Chunyong Luo. "Balancing stochastic two-sided assembly lines." International Journal of Production Research 54, no. 20 (April 7, 2015): 6232–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2015.1029084.

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Lapierre, Sophie D., Angel Ruiz, and Patrick Soriano. "Balancing assembly lines with tabu search." European Journal of Operational Research 168, no. 3 (February 2006): 826–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2004.07.031.

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Nicosia, Gaia, Dario Pacciarelli, and Andrea Pacifici. "Optimally balancing assembly lines with different workstations." Discrete Applied Mathematics 118, no. 1-2 (April 2002): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-218x(01)00259-1.

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Matondang. "Soft Computing in Optimizing Assembly Lines Balancing." Journal of Computer Science 6, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2010.141.162.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Balancing of assembly-lines"

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Mapfaira, Herbert. "Assembly line balancing using hybrid genetic algorithms." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268500.

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Rattan, Amanpreet. "Balancing of Parallel U-Shaped Assembly Lines with Crossover Points." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88031.

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This research introduces parallel U-shaped assembly lines with crossover points. Crossover points are connecting points between two parallel U-shaped lines making the lines interdependent. The assembly lines can be employed to manufacture a variety of products belonging to the same product family. This is achieved by utilizing the concepts of crossover points, multi-line stations, and regular stations. The binary programming formulation presented in this research can be employed for any scenario (e.g. task times, cycle times, and the number of tasks) in the configuration that includes a crossover point. The comparison of numerical problem solutions based on the proposed heuristic approach with the traditional approach highlights the possible reduction in the quantity of workers required. The conclusion from this research is that a wider variety of products can be manufactured at the same capital expense using parallel U-shaped assembly lines with crossover points, leading to a reduction in the total number of workers.
M. S.

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Lim, Yun Fong. "Some Generalizations of Bucket Brigade Assembly Lines." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6910.

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A fascinating feature of bucket brigade assembly lines is that work load on workers is balanced spontaneously as workers follow some simple rules in the assembly process. This self-organizing property significantly reduces the management effort on an assembly line. We generalize this idea in several directions. These include an adapted bucket brigade protocol for complex assembly networks, a generalized model that permits chaotic behavior, and a more detailed model for a flow line in which jobs arrive arbitrarily in time and are introduced into the system at several points on the line.

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Pantouvanos, John P. "A computerized methodology for balancing and sequencing mixed model stochastic assembly lines." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212009-040309/.

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Bhoja, Sudeer. "Optimization of the Assignment of Printed Circuit Cards to Assembly Lines in Electronics Assembly." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37006.

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The focus of this research is the line assignment problem in printed circuit card assembly systems. The line assignment problem involves the allocation of circuit card types to an appropriate assembly line among a set of assembly lines with the objective of reducing the total assembly time. These circuit cards are to be assembled in a manufacturing facility, capable of simultaneously producing a wide variety of printed circuit cards in different production volumes. A set of component types is required for each printed circuit card. The objective is to assign the circuit cards to the assembly line such that the total assembly time, which includes the setup time as well as the processing time required for all card types in a set, is minimized.

The focus of this research is to develop an algorithmic strategy for addressing this problem in electronics assembly. This problem involves considering several interrelated decision problems such as assigning printed circuit cards to assembly lines, grouping circuit cards into families to reduce the number of setups, and assigning component types to machines to balance workload. The line assignment models are formulated as large scale mixed integer programming problems and are solved using a branch-and-bound algorithm, supplemented by techniques for improving the solution time. The models and solution approaches are demonstrated using industry representative data sets and can serve as useful decision support tools for process planning engineers.
Master of Science

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Barutcuoglu, Sirin. "Flexible Assembly Line Design Problem With Fixed Number Of Workstations." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610697/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT FLEXIBLE ASSEMBLY LINE DESIGN PROBLEM WITH FIXED NUMBER OF WORKSTATIONS Barutç
uoglu, Sirin M.S. Department of Industrial Engineering Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Meral Azizoglu July 2009, 70 pages In this thesis, we study a Flexible Assembly Line Design problem. We assume the task times and equipment costs are correlated in the sense that for all tasks the cheaper equipment gives no smaller task time. Given the cycle time and number of workstations we aim to find the assignment of tasks and equipments to the workstations that minimizes the total equipment cost. We study a special case of the problem with identical task times. For the general case, we develop a branch and bound algorithm that uses powerful lower bounds and reduction mechanisms. We test the performance of our branch and bound algorithm on randomly generated test problems. The results of our experiments have revealed that we are able to solve large-sized problem instances in reasonable times.

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Abdous, Mohammed Amine. "Optimal design of manufacturing systems with ergonomics : application to assembly lines." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEM034.

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Cette thèse contribue à l'évaluation et l'optimisation de l'ergonomie dans la phase de conception des systèmes de production. Une mauvaise ergonomie physique dans les systèmes de production se traduit par une productivité plus faible et des blessures des opérateurs, et augmente les coûts pour les entreprises. L'objectif principal de ce travail est de proposer des méthodes d'optimisation pour la conception de systèmes de production, tenant compte à la fois de l'ergonomie, de la productivité et des coûts. Ce travail se concentre sur la conception préliminaire des lignes d'assemblage. L'enjeu est de fournir aux décideurs des méthodes d'optimisation pour la prise en compte de l'ergonomie, tout en satisfaisant toutes les contraintes technologiques et économiques. Les problèmes combinatoires considérés sont les problèmes d'équilibrage de lignes d'assemblage et de sélection des équipements. Nous avons considéré un modèle quantitatif d'ergonomie basé sur des équations de fatigue et de récupération tirées de la littérature. Nous avons proposé une linéarisation permettant de définir un programme linéaire en variables entières pour ce problème et des méthodes de résolution optimale et approchée. Nous avons également proposé une généralisation de l'approche, avec un modèle multi-objectif optimisant le coût et l'ergonomie. Nous avons développé un algorithme multi-objectif pour sa résolution. Sur la base des modèles et des algorithmes d'optimisation proposés, nous avons défini une méthodologie pour la conception de lignes d'assemblage avec l'optimisation de l'ergonomie dès la phase de conception. Cette méthodologie a été appliquée avec succès dans deux cas industriels
This thesis contributes to the research stream of evaluation and optimization of ergonomics in the design phase of manufacturing systems. Poor physical ergonomics in manufacturing systems results in lower productivity, lower motivation, injuries, and increases costs for companies. The main objective of this work is the proposition of optimization methods for manufacturing systems design, with the joint consideration of ergonomics, productivity, and cost. This work focuses on the preliminary design of assembly lines. The challenge is to provide decision-makers with optimization methods to take ergonomics into account while satisfying all technological and economic constraints. The combinatorial problems considered are the assembly line balancing problem and the selection of equipment. We considered a quantitative model of ergonomics based on fatigue and recovery equations taken from the literature. In addition to the combinatorial nature of problems dealt with, the main scientific challenge stems from the non-linear nature of the ergonomics model. We proposed a linearization allowing defining an integer linear program, we developed optimal and approximate resolution approaches. Besides, we proposed a generalization of the approach, with a multi-objective model optimizing cost and ergonomics. We developed a multi-objective algorithm for its resolution.Based on the proposed models and optimization algorithms, we have defined a methodology for the design of assembly lines with the optimization of ergonomics from the design phase. This methodology has been successfully applied to industrial cases

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Kucukkoc, Ibrahim. "Modelling and solving mixed-model parallel two-sided assembly line problems." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18917.

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The global competitive environment and the growing demand for personalised products have increased the interest of companies in producing similar product models on the same assembly line. Companies are forced to make significant structural changes to rapidly respond to diversified demands and convert their existing single-model lines into mixed-model lines in order to avoid unnecessary new line construction cost for each new product model. Mixed-model assembly lines play a key role in increasing productivity without compromising quality for manufacturing enterprises. The literature is extensive on assembling small-sized products in an intermixed sequence and assembling large-sized products in large volumes on single-model lines. However, a mixed-model parallel two-sided line system, where two or more similar products or similar models of a large-sized product are assembled on each of the parallel two-sided lines in an intermixed sequence, has not been of interest to academia so far. Moreover, taking model sequencing problem into consideration on a mixed-model parallel two-sided line system is a novel research topic in this domain. Within this context, the problem of simultaneous balancing and sequencing of mixed-model parallel two-sided lines is defined and described using illustrative examples for the first time in the literature. The mathematical model of the problem is also developed to exhibit the main characteristics of the problem and to explore the logic underlying the algorithms developed. The benefits of utilising multi-line stations between two adjacent lines are discussed and numerical examples are provided. An agent-based ant colony optimisation algorithm (called ABACO) is developed to obtain a generic solution that conforms to any model sequence and it is enhanced step-by-step to increase the quality of the solutions obtained. Then, the algorithm is modified with the integration of a model sequencing procedure (where the modified version is called ABACO/S) to balance lines by tracking the product model changes on each workstation in a complex production environment where each of the parallel lines may a have different cycle time. Finally, a genetic algorithm based model sequencing mechanism is integrated to the algorithm to increase the robustness of the obtained solutions. Computational tests are performed using test cases to observe the performances of the developed algorithms. Statistical tests are conducted through obtained results and test results establish that balancing mixed-model parallel two-sided lines together has a significant effect on the sought performance measures (a weighted summation of line length and the number of workstations) in comparison with balancing those lines separately. Another important finding of the research is that considering model sequencing problem along with the line balancing problem helps algorithm find better line balances with better performance measures. The results also indicate that the developed ABACO and ABACO/S algorithms outperform other test heuristics commonly used in the literature in solving various line balancing problems; and integrating a genetic algorithm based model sequencing mechanism into ABACO/S helps the algorithm find better solutions with less amount of computational effort.

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Malyutin, Sergey. "Algorithms and Software for Decision Support in Design of Assembly and Transfer Lines." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEM020/document.

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Une vue d'ensemble des problèmes et des méthodes pour la conception des lignesd'assemblage et d'usinage est donnée. Un nouveau problème d'affectation de la main-d’œuvrepour une ligne d'assemblage multi-produit cadencée avec un objectif de minimiser lenombre d'opérateurs est étudié. Diverses relations de priorité entre les opérations et lesdifférentes fonctions définissant les temps d'opérations, en fonction du nombre d'opérateurssont considérés. Un nouveau problème d'optimisation multiobjectif pour une ligne d'usinagemono-produit est formulé. Plusieurs méthodes exactes et heuristiques et leursimplémentations informatiques pour les deux problèmes sont développées par l'auteur. Unmodule logiciel d'aide à la décision pour résoudre ces problèmes est développé et implémentédans un environnement d'un nouveau PLM d'IBM dans le cadre du projet européen amePLM.Ce module est testé sur un exemple réel de conception d'une ligne de montage des moteurschez Mercedes Benz en Allemagne
An overview of existing problems and methods for the design of assembly and transfer lines is given. A new workforce assignment problem for a paced multi-product assembly line with a goal of minimizing the number of workers is studied. Various precedence relations between operations and functions of operation processing times dependent on the number of workers areconsidered. A new problem of multi-objective optimization for a single product transfer line is solved. Several exact and heuristic methods and their computer implementations for both problems are developed by the author. An application of developed approaches to solving a real production problem relevant to the European project amePLM is demonstrated

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López, De La Cova Trujillo Miguel Angel, and Niklas Bertilsson. "Investigation of the workforce effect of an assembly line using multi-objective optimization." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13134.

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ABSTRACT The aim of industrial production changed from mass production at the beginning of the 20th century. Today, production flexibility determines manufacturing companies' course of action. In this sense, Volvo Group Trucks Operations is interested in meeting customer demand in their assembly lines by adjusting manpower. Thus, this investigation attempts to analyze the effect of manning on the main final assembly line for thirteen-liter heavy-duty diesel engines at Volvo Group Trucks Operations in Skövde by means of discrete-event simulation. This project presents a simulation model that simulates the assembly line. With the purpose of building the model data were required. One the one hand, qualitative data were collected to improve the knowledge in the fields related to the project topic, as well as to solve the lack of information in certain points of the project. On the other hand, simulation model programming requires quantitative data. Once the model was completed, simulation results were obtained through simulation-based optimization. This optimization process tested 50,000 different workforce scenarios to find the most efficient solutions for three different sequences. Among all results, the most interesting one for Volvo is the one which render 80% of today’s throughput with the minimum number of workers. Consequently, as a case study, a bottleneck analysis and worker performance analysis was performed for this scenario. Finally, a flexible and fully functional model that delivers the desired results was developed. These results provide a comparison among different manning scenarios considering throughput as main measurement of the main final assembly line performance. After analyzing the results, system output behavior was revealed. This behavior allows predicting optimal system output for a given number of operators.

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Books on the topic "Balancing of assembly-lines"

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Balancing and sequencing of assembly lines. 2nd ed. New York: Physica-Verlag, 1999.

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Scholl, Armin. Balancing and Sequencing of Assembly Lines. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00861-4.

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Scholl, Armin. Balancing and sequencing of assembly lines. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag, 1995.

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Scholl, Armin. Balancing and Sequencing of Assembly Lines. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11223-6.

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Rekiek, Brahim. Assembly line design: The balancing of mixed-model hybrid assembly lines with genetic algorithms. London: Springer, 2006.

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Jayaswal, Sachin. Balancing u-shaped assembly lines with resource dependent task times: A simulated annealing approach. Ahmedabad: Indian Institute of Management, 2013.

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Delchambre, Alain, and Brahim Rekiek. Assembly Line Design: The Balancing of Mixed-Model Hybrid Assembly Lines with Genetic Algorithms. Springer, 2010.

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Delchambre, Alain, and Brahim Rekiek. Assembly Line Design: The Balancing of Mixed-Model Hybrid Assembly Lines with Genetic Algorithms (Springer Series in Advanced Manufacturing). Springer, 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Balancing of assembly-lines"

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Scholl, Armin. "Single-Model Assembly Lines." In Balancing and Sequencing of Assembly Lines, 23–76. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11223-6_2.

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Scholl, Armin. "Mixed-Model Assembly Lines." In Balancing and Sequencing of Assembly Lines, 77–112. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11223-6_3.

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Scholl, Armin. "Single-Model Assembly Lines." In Balancing and Sequencing of Assembly Lines, 23–74. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00861-4_2.

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Scholl, Armin. "Mixed-Model Assembly Lines." In Balancing and Sequencing of Assembly Lines, 75–110. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00861-4_3.

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Scholl, Armin. "Exact Procedures for Single - Model Assembly Line Balancing Problems." In Balancing and Sequencing of Assembly Lines, 111–72. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00861-4_4.

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Scholl, Armin. "Introduction." In Balancing and Sequencing of Assembly Lines, 1–22. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11223-6_1.

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Scholl, Armin. "Exact Procedures for Single-Model Assembly Line Balancing Problems." In Balancing and Sequencing of Assembly Lines, 113–78. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11223-6_4.

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Scholl, Armin. "Heuristic Procedures for Single-Model Assembly Line Balancing Problems." In Balancing and Sequencing of Assembly Lines, 179–200. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11223-6_5.

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Scholl, Armin. "Solution Methods for Mixed-Model Balancing and Sequencing Problems." In Balancing and Sequencing of Assembly Lines, 201–30. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11223-6_6.

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Scholl, Armin. "Computational Experiments." In Balancing and Sequencing of Assembly Lines, 231–87. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-11223-6_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Balancing of assembly-lines"

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Baykasoglu, Adil, Lale Ozbakur, Latife Gorkemli, and Beyza Gorkemli. "Balancing parallel assembly lines via Ant Colony Optimization." In Industrial Engineering (CIE39). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccie.2009.5223867.

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Brudaru, O., and C. Rotaru. "Dynamic Segregative Genetic Algorithm for Assembly Lines Balancing." In 12th International Symposium on Symbolic and Numeric Algorithms for Scientific Computing (SYNASC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/synasc.2010.39.

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Segeborn, Johan, Daniel Segerdahl, Johan S. Carlson, Anders Carlsson, and Rikard So¨derberg. "Load Balancing of Welds in Multi Station Sheet Metal Assembly Lines." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40396.

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The balancing of weld work load between executing stations and its robots has a significant influence on achievable production rate and equipment utilization. However, no automatic simulation based method for line balancing has been formulated up to this point. In practice, it is still manually conducted. Therefore in this work we propose two novel methods for load balancing of welds in multi station sheet metal assembly lines to minimize line cycle time. The methods are based on superimposition of the scenes/geometries of all line stations, with maintained robot positioning relative to the work piece, creating a “multi station”. The weld load is balanced between all multi station robots, whereupon the individual robots are combined into stations and coordinated station wise for simultaneous operation. Furthermore one of the proposed methods reduces the subsequent need for robot coordination, by introducing some restrictions on the load balancing: Firstly, for each robot, the weld load is balanced over the other station robots such that the working envelopes are maximally separated. Secondly, for each robot, the weld load is balanced over equivalently positioned robots in other line stations, based on previous station load balancing techniques. The proposed line balancing methods are applied on two industrial case studies which each involves the balancing of about 200 automotive stud welds between 3 stations, each of 4 robots. One of the proposed methods produces line cycle times close to that of the slowest uncoordinated robot, which can be considered a theoretical optimum of the line cycle time. Corresponding algorithm running time is about 30 minutes on an Intel Core 2 Quad with 8 GB RAM.

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Hu, Luo-ke, Fang-ye Shao, and Gui-xia He. "Balancing analysis and algorithm design for mixed model assembly lines." In 2011 IEEE 18th International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icieem.2011.6035107.

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Suwannarongsri, S., and D. Puangdownreong. "Balancing of U-shape assembly lines using tabu search method." In 2008 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology (ECTI-CON). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecticon.2008.4600507.

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Cao, Zhenxin, and Shiping Ma. "Balancing and Sequencing Optimization of the Mixed Model Assembly Lines." In 2008 International Symposium on Computer Science and Computational Technology. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscsct.2008.144.

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Segeborn, Johan, Daniel Segerdahl, Fredrik Ekstedt, Johan S. Carlson, Anders Carlsson, and Rikard So¨derberg. "A Generalized Method for Weld Load Balancing in Multi Station Sheet Metal Assembly Lines." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65102.

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Sheet metal assembly is investment intense. Therefore the equipment needs to be efficiently utilized. The balancing of welds has a significant influence on achievable production rate and equipment utilization. Robot line balancing is a complex problem, where each weld is to be assigned to a specific station and robot, such that line cycle time is minimized. Industrial robot line balancing has been manually conducted, based on experience and trial and error rather than mathematical methods. However, recently an automatic method for robot line balancing was proposed by the authors. To reduce robot coordination cycle time losses, this method requires identical reach ability of all line stations. This limits applicability considerably since in most industrial lines, reach ability differs over the stations to further line reach ability and flexibility. Therefore, in this work we propose a novel generalized simulation-based method for automatic robot line balancing that allows any robot positioning. It reduces the need for robot coordination significantly by spatially separating the robot weld work loads. This is furthermore achieved at a cost neglectable to line cycle time. The proposed method is furthermore successfully demonstrated on an automotive stud welding line. Moreover, algorithm CPU-times is a mere fraction of corresponding manual optimization times.

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Zhang, Jie, Bo Xin, and Pan Wang. "Study on Aircraft Assembly Line Balancing Problem Based on Mobile Workers." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60022.

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In order to improve the balance and load equilibrium of aircraft assembly lines, and to enhance the management of on-site resources, a Type-E balancing method was proposed based on the mobile operation of assembly personnel in the aircraft assembly line. This method was aimed to minimize the smoothness index of the overall assembly line and each assembly station, and also to minimize manpower costs. First, a model of personnel flow and an assembly line balancing model were constructed based on the characteristics of aircraft assembly lines. Next, an Accelerated Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (ABPSO) based on improved sig function was designed in order to improve the original stability and convergence of the standard binary particle swarm algorithm. Finally, the validity of the method was verified with a real fuselage assembly line and the results show the effectiveness.

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Liao, Li-Man, Ching-Jen Huang, and Ci-Syuan Lin. "Multi-agent System for Balancing Mixed-Model Assembly Lines with Bi-objective." In 2010 International Conference on Manufacturing Automation (ICMA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2010.37.

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Guo, Qingxin, and Lixin Tang. "A scatter search based heuristic for the balancing of parallel assembly lines." In 2009 Joint 48th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) and 28th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2009.5399991.

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