Journal articles: 'Balancing of engine'

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Balicki, Włodzimierz, Paweł Głowacki, Stefan Szczeciński, Zbigniew Korczewski, Adam Kozakiewicz, and Jerzy Szczeciński. "Balancing Energy Processes in Turbine Engines." Polish Maritime Research 21, no. 4 (January 31, 2015): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2014-0041.

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Abstract The article discusses the issue of balancing energy processes in turbine engines in operation in aeronautic and marine propulsion systems with the aim to analyse and evaluate basic operating parameters. The first part presents the problem of enormous amounts of energy needed for driving fans and compressors of the largest contemporary turbofan engines commonly used in long-distance aviation. The amounts of the transmitted power and the effect of flow parameters and constructional properties of the engines on their performance and real efficiency are evaluated. The second part of the article, devoted to marine applications of turbine engines, presents the energy balance of the kinetic system of torque transmission from main engine turbines to screw propellers in the combined system of COGAG type. The physical model of energy conversion processes executed in this system is presented, along with the physical model of gasodynamic processes taking place in a separate driving turbine of a reversing engine. These models have made the basis for formulating balance equations, which then were used for analysing static and dynamic properties of the analysed type of propulsion, in particular in the aspect of mechanical loss evaluation in its kinematic system.

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BUCZEK, Konrad, and Sven LAUER. "Firing order selection for a V20 commercial diesel engine with FEV Virtual Engine." Combustion Engines 169, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2017-211.

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The continuously increasing mechanical and thermal loads of modern engines require optimization of the designs with incorporation of a wide range of different aspects. Application of advanced computer simulations in the development process for most engine components is well established, leading to the creation of well optimized products. However, the optimization of such design variables ike the firing order, which influences engine operation in several disciplines, is still challenging. Considering the ever increasing peak firing pressure requirements, the layout of the firing order in multi-cylinder commercial engines is an efficient way to reduce crank train / overall engine vibration and main bearing loads, whilst controlling engine balancing and preserving adequate gas exchange dynamics. The proposed general firing order selection process for four-stroke engines and, in particular, its first part being the optimization of the firing order based on crank train torsional vibration, is the main topic of this paper. The exemplary study for a V20 high speed commercial Diesel engine regarding the influence of the firing sequence on crank train torsional vibration has been conducted with the multibody dynamics simulation software “FEV Virtual Engine”. It addresses various engine crankshaft layouts and engine applications.

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Zhang, Si Qi, Xiao Chang Zhang, Wan Juan Wang, Ya Lai Xu, Jia Jia Deng, and Shu Xing Xie. "Assembly Line Balancing in Automobile Engine Industry." Advanced Materials Research 1056 (October 2014): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1056.154.

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In this paper, under various constraints, based on LR series engine of automobile mixed model assembly line as an example, application of MMALB theory design automobile engine assembly line. To solve the multi-objective optimization problem, we establish the mathematical model between the workstation and workstation internal load balancing two optimization objectives. And engine assembly line is dynamic simulated by using the simulation software eM-Plant. The results verify the validity and practicability of the digital simulation. Finally, the planning scheme guarantees the whole assembly line load balancing and achieves production requirements.

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Gawande, S. H., L. G. Navale, and M. R. Nandgaonkar. "Power Balancing of Inline Multicylinder Diesel Engine." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 4 (January 2012): 937917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/937917.

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OKUBO, Minoru, Hiroshi KANDA, and Tohru YONEZAWA. "Application of Field Balancing Technique to Reciprocating Engine." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 58, no. 549 (1992): 1360–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.58.1360.

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Dagna, Alberto, Cristiana Delprete, and Chiara Gastaldi. "A General Framework for Crankshaft Balancing and Counterweight Design." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 8997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11198997.

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In the automotive field, the requirements in terms of carbon emissions and improved efficiency are shifting the focus of designers towards reduced engine size. As a result, the dynamic balancing of an engine with strict limitations on the number of cylinders, the weight and the available space becomes a challenging task. The present contribution aims at providing the designer with a tool capable of selecting fundamental parameters needed to correctly balance an internal combustion engine, including the masses and geometry of the elements to be added directly onto the crankshaft and onto the balancing shafts. The relevant elements that distinguish the tool from others already proposed are two. The first is the comprehensive matrix formulation which makes the tool fit for a wide variety of engine configurations. The second is an optimisation procedure that selects not only the position of the mass and centre of gravity of the counterweight but also its complete geometric configuration, thus instantaneously identifying the overall dimensions and weight of the crankshaft.

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Apelinskij, D. V., V. V. Gusarov, and V. M. Fomin. "Possibilities of balancing a single-cylinder two-stroke engine." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 40, no. 2 (2019): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/2074-0530-2019-40-2-2-7.

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Schernewski, Ralf, and Uwe Kiencke. "Methods for cylinder balancing on common rail diesel engine." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 32, no. 2 (July 1999): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)56153-4.

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Chainov, N. D., and P. R. Vallejo Maldonado. "Balancing the Moments of a VR5 Engine Taking into Account a Desaxial Crank Mechanism and Cylinder Camber Angle." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 05 (722) (May 2020): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2020-5-41-49.

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Automobile piston engines with a desaxial crank mechanism are characterized by increased vibration activity associated with a cyclic change in the pressure of the working fluid in the cylinders and inertial forces associated with the reciprocating and rotational movement of the crank mechanism moving masses. Properties reflecting the consumer properties of the engine, including acoustic characteristics, are largely determined by the level of vibration of the structural elements of the desaxial crank mechanism and, first of all, by the balance of inertial forces during operation. The article discusses balancing of five-cylinder four-stroke VR type engines with a desaxial crank mechanism and uniform flash alternation. The authors introduce formulas that can be used to determine and analyze moments of the inertia forces of the reciprocating and rotating masses arising in VR5 engines at the set values of the cylinder camber angle, the ratio of the crank radius to the connecting rod length and the relative displacement of the cylinder axis. A method of balancing the moments of inertia forces of the reciprocating and rotating masses is proposed.

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Kolios, Vasileios, Ioannis Templalexis, Ioannis Lionis, Emmanouil Antonogiannakis, and Petros Kotsiopoulos. "F100-PW-229 Engine Fault Detection Based on Real Time Data." MATEC Web of Conferences 304 (2019): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930403006.

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Gas turbine engines exhibit very high maintenance costs. Moreover, in the case of aero applications an in-flight engine incidence, shall, by all means, be avoided, a condition that drives total maintenance costs even higher. A measure in favor of balancing these costs is to monitor continuously the variation of engine performance data recorded during flight, establish methods to deduce useful information regarding the engine “health” status and, as a result, take appropriate actions to maintain a good engine operating condition. The current work presents such a method tailored on the “F100-PW-229” engine that is operated by the ellenic Air Force as the propulsion system of the “F-16 block 52M” aircraft [3]. CEDATS and MS Excel were the computational tools used for the current engine performance study. CEDATS is a software developed for the engine users. It provides basic data trend monitoring functions and engine fault warnings. It is well known that there is always space for improvement for such health monitoring tools since there are cases where engine operating faults are not captured. Within the frame of the current work, a data post – processing method on the engine performance data time series was applied using MS Excel, in order to raise early warnings of an uncaptured compressor operating fault.

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Craven, R. P. M., and J. E. Smith. "Complete Balancing of the Stiller—Smith Engine: 4, 8, 12, 16 or More Cylinders." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 204, no. 1 (January 1990): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1990_204_134_02.

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A review of the Stiller-Smith mechanism is followed by a summary of balancing techniques to date. These are supplemented with further balancing techniques which allow engines with any multiple of four cylinders to be balanced. The use of counter-rotating shafts enables wobble induced by a single four-cylinder Stiller-Smith mechanism to be countered. The advantages and disadvantages of the different configurations are discussed with respect to balancing. Of special interest are two 16-cylinder configurations which are completely balanced without the use of counterweights.

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Ohadi, A. R., and G. Maghsoodi. "Simulation of Engine Vibration on Nonlinear Hydraulic Engine Mounts." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 129, no. 4 (April 9, 2007): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2748459.

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In this paper, vibration behavior of engine on the nonlinear hydraulic engine mount, including inertia track and decoupler, is studied. In this regard, after introducing the nonlinear factors of this mount (i.e., inertia and decoupler resistances in turbulent region), the vibration governing equations of engine on one hydraulic engine mount are solved and the effect of nonlinearity is investigated. In order to have a comparison between the rubber and the hydraulic engine mounts, a six-degree-of-freedom four-cylinder V-shaped engine under shaking and balancing mass forces and torques is considered. By solving the time domain nonlinear equations of motion of the engine on three inclined mounts, translational and rotational motions of an engine body are obtained for different engine speeds. Transmitted base forces are also determined for both types of engine mount. Comparison of rubber and hydraulic mounts indicates the efficiency of a hydraulic one in the low-frequency region.

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Osburn, Andrew W., and Matthew A. Franchek. "Reducing Engine Idle Speed Deviations Using the Internal Model Principle." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 128, no. 4 (March 21, 2006): 869–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2361324.

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Presented in this paper is a multivariable linear feedback controller design methodology for idle speed control of spark-ignition engines. The engine is modeled as a multi-input, single-output system. The proposed feedback control system employs both throttle and ignition timing to control engine speed and engine roughness. Throttle is used to attenuate low frequency components of the speed error and reject mean speed errors. Spark advance is used to reduce cylinder-to-cylinder differences in torque production by limiting high frequency speed deviations. The algorithm is executed in the crank-angle domain, and the internal model principle serves as the basis for cylinder torque balancing. The nonlinear relationship between ignition timing and torque production is explicitly incorporated into the design process using a sector bound. A loop shaping approach is proposed to design the feedback controller, and absolute stability of the nonlinear closed-loop system is guaranteed through the Tsypkin Criterion. Experimental results from implementation on a Ford 4.6L V-8 engine are provided.

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Vojtko, Imrich, Petr Baron, Martin Pollák, and Jakub Kaščak. "Examining the Effect of Alignment of the Rotor of the Emissions Exhaust Fan on Its Operating Parameters." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019 (January 21, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4985395.

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The paper describes research examining the trends in balancing rotary machines and the application of the sequence of steps in execution of the operational balancing of an impeller of the industrial furnace emissions fan. The balancing process is based on the correction of the weight distribution of the body with the given axis of rotation. In trial operation, vibrations (with the measurement of the oscillation phase) were measured on both emission fan rotor bearings. Since the measured vibration value was higher than recommended, it was necessary to take steps to balance the fan’s impeller. The first step of the operational balancing is to identify the initial vibration vector relative to the reference mark, arbitrarily located on the rotating wheel of the fan. In trial operation, the balancing weight mass was changed in the selected balancing level, resulting in the change of the vibration vector compared to the initial state. The size and the angular position of the balancing weight were determined from the vibration values measured. 15 months into operation after the impeller was balanced, the diagnosis of its current technical condition was performed. Total vibrations of the device were measured in the low- and high-frequency range, at four measuring points on the rotor and the drive engine. The measurement confirmed a satisfactory technical condition of the engine and the fan equipment. The effect of balancing has also been demonstrated in the case observed. Reduced bearing wear, elimination of recurrent defects, foundation damage, etc., have been observed.

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Zhang, Shihai, and Zimiao Zhang. "Research on the Field Dynamic Balance Technologies for Large Diesel Engine Crankshaft System." Shock and Vibration 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7150472.

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In order to reduce the unbalancing mass and the accompanying unbalancing vibration of diesel engine crankshaft system, the field dynamic balancing method and its key technologies are presented in the paper. In order to separate the unbalancing vibration signal from the total vibration signal of crankshaft system, the fundamental frequency signal fitting principle based on the least square method was introduced firstly, and then wavelet noise reduction method was applied to improve the signal fitting precision of least square method. Based on the unbalancing vibration signal analysis and assessment of crankshaft system, the influence coefficient method was applied to calculate the value and phase of the equivalent unbalancing mass in flywheel. To easily correct the unbalancing condition of crankshaft system, the unbalancing adjustment equipment was designed based on the flywheel structure. The balancing effect of field dynamic balancing system designed for the large diesel engine has been verified by field experiments.

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Pertl, Patrick, Michael Lang, Stephan Schmidt, and Roland Kirchberger. "Mass Balancing Measures of a Linkage-Based Extended Expansion Engine." SAE International Journal of Engines 9, no. 4 (November 8, 2016): 2498–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-32-0096.

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SEKIYA, Hiroshi, and Takashi NAKAZATO. "Investigation of a Pressure Balancing System for the Stirling Engine." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 57, no. 539 (1991): 2465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.57.2465.

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Kokieva, G., N. Moshkin, V. Druzynova, D. Radnayev, and N. Khiterkheyeva. "Influence of imbalance of balancing of crankshafts during engine repair." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1001 (December 31, 2020): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1001/1/012085.

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Lv, Xue Yan, Xiao Lian Jiang, Mei Zhao, and Xiao Lin Quan. "Design and Implementation of the System of High Speed Dynamic Balance of Rotor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1169.

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High-speed dynamic balance is a main method to solve the problem of exceeding the aero engine vibration limit. However, with the development of techniques of high performance engine, the rotating speed of a rotor becomes more and more high, which turns into a challenge to balance it. Therefore, balancing the rotor with high speed effectively is very important. How effective the engine rotor of high speed dynamic balance is very important.

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Liu, Xiao-Ang, Wen-Bin Shangguan, Zhao-Ping Lv, Waizuddin Ahmed, and Weidong Zhu. "A study on optimization method of a powertrain mounting system with a three-cylinder engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 12 (February 15, 2016): 2235–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216631004.

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Compared with unbalance forces and moments of four- and six-cylinder engines, forces and moments applied to the engine block from a three-cylinder engine are large and the mechanism for balancing the unbalance forces are complex. So design of a mounting system for the powertrain with a three-cylinder engine is more challenging. This paper presents the analytical methods for obtaining the unbalance forces and moments applied to the engine block for a three-cylinder engine with or without balance measures, and develops a design methodology for the Powertrain Mounting System with a three-cylinder engine. The unbalance forces and moments generated by cylinders, crank and connecting rod mechanisms and applied to the engine block are analyzed firstly. Then, three balance methods for reducing the forces and moments applied to the engine block are proposed and discussed. Three balance measures are described and analyzed. The methods for estimating forces and moments applied to the engine block under the three balance measures are developed and compared. Thirdly, an optimization method is proposed to estimate mount stiffness based on minimization of mount forces transmitted to the car body or sub-frame, along with meeting requirements for placing natural frequencies of the powertrain in prescribed ranges and those for maximizing modal energy distributions of the powertrain in six directions. An example is given to validate the calculation methods and design philosophy for the mounting system of a powertrain with a three-cylinder engine.

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Huo, Ping, Jian Ping Wang, and Qiu Yan Sun. "Analysis of Self-Balance Characteristics of OPOC Engine." Advanced Materials Research 211-212 (February 2011): 93–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.211-212.93.

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Considering the structure feature and working principle of Opposed Piston Opposed Cylinder engine, mathematical model of kinematics relationship for internal-external piston is build. Using ADAMS software to process kinematics characteristics simulation study and comparing the simulation results with traditional diesel engine, it indicate that the OPOC two-stroke engine has better self-balancing character, less kinematics inertial force and cylinder lateral pressure, and is helpful in reducing the frictional power consumption, and improving the noise-vibration smoothness.

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Li, P., T. Shen, and D. Liu. "Idle speed performance improvement via torque balancing control in ignition-event scale for SI engines with multi-cylinders." International Journal of Engine Research 13, no. 1 (October 24, 2011): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087411405415.

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Imbalance in torque generation leads to engine speed fluctuation. To improve the idle engine speed performance, the torque balancing control problem is addressed in this paper for multi-cylinder SI engines. To evaluate cylinder-to-cylinder imbalance, the average torque in ignition-event scale is introduced as controlled output, which enables a feedback control to be performed without measurement of instantaneous torque, and the individual spark advances are chosen as control inputs. A linear discrete time model with single input and single output is proposed to represent the dynamics of the imbalance, where a sequentially switching function is introduced to describe the spark advance signals delivered to each cylinder and the differences in torque generation caused by the individual cylinder characteristics are equivalently modelled as unknown offset in the inputs. An estimation algorithm with the proof of convergence is presented to provide on-line estimation of the unknown offset under the passivity assumption of the system. Furthermore, a feedback control law which combines the unknown offset estimation and the model predictive control is proposed. Finally, the unknown offset estimation and the feedback control approach are validated based on the experimental results carried out on a six-cylinder gasoline engine test bench.

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Abedin, M. J., H. H. Masjuki, M. A. Kalam, A. Sanjid, and S. M. A. Rahman. "Thermal Balancing of a Multi-Cylinder Diesel Engine Operating on Diesel, B5 and Palm Biodiesel Blends." Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 3, no. 2 (2015): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/jocet.2015.v3.178.

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Pandya, Chetanya, Jeremiah D. Farelli, Debra Dunaway-Mariano, and Karen N. Allen. "Enzyme Promiscuity: Engine of Evolutionary Innovation." Journal of Biological Chemistry 289, no. 44 (September 10, 2014): 30229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.r114.572990.

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Catalytic promiscuity and substrate ambiguity are keys to evolvability, which in turn is pivotal to the successful acquisition of novel biological functions. Action on multiple substrates (substrate ambiguity) can be harnessed for performance of functions in the cell that supersede catalysis of a single metabolite. These functions include proofreading, scavenging of nutrients, removal of antimetabolites, balancing of metabolite pools, and establishing system redundancy. In this review, we present examples of enzymes that perform these cellular roles by leveraging substrate ambiguity and then present the structural features that support both specificity and ambiguity. We focus on the phosphatases of the haloalkanoate dehalogenase superfamily and the thioesterases of the hotdog fold superfamily.

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Librovich, B. V., and A. F. Nowakowski. "Analysis, Design, and Modeling of a Rotary Vane Engine (RVE)." Journal of Mechanical Design 126, no. 4 (July 1, 2004): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1711823.

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This paper introduces a mathematical model to analyze the dynamic behavior of a novel rotary vane engine (RVE). The RVE can be considered to have a number of advantages when compared to a majority of other reciprocating engine types. The advantages are found in the simple structure and the small number of moving parts. In this paper the geometrical structure and dynamical behavior of engines with a different number of work units is considered in detail. This has been examined through a study of torque transmission with a particular reference to how this is affected by the noncircular geometry of gear pitch curves. Using the Coulomb friction model, consideration has been given to the mechanical power loss due to friction in different parts of the engine, which must be taken into account. The study also proposes a possible method for balancing of asymmetric cogwheels. The analysis concludes that by using an appropriate design and arrangement of cogwheels and all moving parts, vibration can be attenuated due to impulsive gas torque.

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Zhao, Jun, Zhichuan Guo, Xuewen Zeng, and Mangu Song. "High-Performance Implementation of Dynamically Configurable Load Balancing Engine on FPGA." IEEE Communications Magazine 58, no. 1 (January 2020): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.001.1900525.

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Chauvin, Jonathan, Gille Corde, Phllippe Moulin, Michel Castagné, Nicolas Petit, and Pierre Rouchon. "Time-Varying Linear Observer for Torque Balancing on a DI Engine." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 37, no. 22 (April 2004): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)30334-8.

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Xie, Hui, Kang Song, Yu He, and Jun Lu. "Multi-cylinder spark-assisted homogeneous charge compression ignition engine balancing control." International Journal of Powertrains 2, no. 4 (2013): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpt.2013.058318.

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Yin, Bi Feng, Jiang Guang He, Yi Xu, and Yong Qiang Li. "The Novel Design of Full-Balancing Mechanism for Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 1520–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.1520.

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One new sliding-block balancing mechanism is proposed for the single-cylinder diesel engine. In the new mechanism, the sliding block is installed against the engine piston. The reciprocation trajectory of sliding block is collinear with the piston trajectory, while sliding block and piston move in the opposite direction, just like two opposite crank connecting rods. The new mechanism includes the crankshaft, connecting rod ring, the slider and the guide components. Through the bearing, connecting rod is installed in the eccentric journal of the crankshaft. The circular connecting rod is in the accurate guiding surface of the slider; and the guide pins are in the guide groove. Guide rod connects with supporting shaft through the guide hole of the slide. The optimized parameters for the sliding block show that the ratio of eccentric distance of the eccentric journal to the length of the connecting rod is equal to the ratio of crank radius to connecting rod length. The appropriate results can balance both the centrifugal inertia force and the reciprocating inertia force generated by piston group. Even the complete balance of the first and second-order reciprocating inertia forces can be obtained, which can reduce the vibration and noise of diesel engine.

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Hebbalkar, Sunil S., and Kaushik Kumar. "Designing of a Balanced Opposed Piston Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 852 (September 2016): 719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.852.719.

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An internal combustion engine with opposed piston engine (OPE) develops higher power density than any other conventional internal combustion engine by virtue of its design. A Two stroke OPE gives two power stroke within 3600 of crank revolution which indicates the higher power density. But this extra power also results in large amount of forces gets transmitted to both the crankshaft amounting to large unbalance in the engine. Hence for a smoother and noise free performance, engine should be dynamically balanced. So balancing is one of the main criteria for better performance. In this paper the dynamic analysis was performed by varying the linkage dimensions of OPE for balance OPE. The analytical calculation of inertia forces and dimensions for linkages has been compared with software based results, depending on pressure crank angle plot for two stroke engine.

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Arakelian, Vigen, Jean-Paul Le Baron, and Manuk Mkrtchyan. "Design of Scotch yoke mechanisms with improved driving dynamics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 230, no. 4 (November 9, 2016): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464419315614431.

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Input torque balancing through addition of an auxiliary mechanism is a well-known way to improve the dynamic behavior of mechanisms. One of the more efficient methods used to solve this problem is creating a cam-spring mechanism. However, the use of a cam mechanism is not always possible or desirable because of the wear effect due to the contact stresses and high friction between the roller and the cam. The Scotch yoke mechanism is most commonly used in control valve actuators in high-pressure oil and gas pipelines, as well as in various internal combustion engines, such as the Bourke engine, SyTech engine and many hot air engines and steam engines. This mechanism does not create lateral forces on the piston. Therefore, the main advantages of applications include reducing friction, vibration and piston wear, as well as smaller engine dimensions. However, the input torque of the Scotch yoke mechanism is variable and can be balanced. This paper proposes to balance the input torque of Scotch yoke mechanisms without any auxiliary linkage just by adding linear springs to the output slider. It is shown that after cancellation of inertial effects the input torque due to friction in joints becomes constant, which facilitates the control of the mechanism. An optimal control is considered to improve the operation of balanced Scotch yoke mechanisms. The efficiency of the suggested technique is illustrated via simulations carried out by using ADAMS software.

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Guan, Nanxiang, Ao Wang, Yongpeng Gu, Zhifeng Xie, and Ming Zhou. "A Novel Coaxial Balance Mechanism for Reciprocating Piston Engines." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 18, 2021): 5647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125647.

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Vibration is an important issue faced by reciprocating piston engines, and is caused by reciprocating inertia forces of the piston set. To reduce the vibration without changing the main structure and size of the original engine, we proposed a novel coaxial balance mechanism design based on a compact unit body. By introducing a second-order balance mass, this mechanism can significantly increase the efficiency of vibration reduction. The proposed mechanism can effectively balance the first-order and second-order inertia forces with the potential of balancing high-order inertia forces. To accurately determine the second-order balance mass, a closed-form method was developed. Simulation results with a single-cylinder piston DK32 engine demonstrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed mechanism. At a crankshaft speed of 2350 r/min, compared with the first-order balance device, the average root mean square velocity of the test points on the engine’s cylinder was reduced by 97.31%, and the support reaction force was reduced by 96.54%.

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ZHANG, Ziqing. "Effect of Road Excitation on the Dynamic Balancing Characteristic of Vehicle Engine." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 47, no. 08 (2011): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2011.08.134.

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Lin, Deng-Ying, Bo-Jiun Hou, and Chao-Chieh Lan. "A balancing cam mechanism for minimizing the torque fluctuation of engine camshafts." Mechanism and Machine Theory 108 (February 2017): 160–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2016.10.023.

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Shu, Fan, Zi-Qi Xu, Chao Mi, and Xiao-Ming Yang. "Research on Engine Assembly Line Balancing Based on an Improved Genetic Algorithm." Journal of Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (June 15, 2013): 2429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2013.2429.2435.

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Tazeyev, I. R., S. O. Gaponenko, A. E. Kondratiev, and A. N. Zamaliev. "MODELING OF THE MACHINE FOR THE BALANCING OF THE ROTOR IN THE ANSYS SOFTWARE COMPLEX." Proceedings of the higher educational institutions. ENERGY SECTOR PROBLEMS 20, no. 5-6 (August 5, 2018): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2018-20-5-6-75-83.

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An imbalance appears during the manufacture, operation and maintenance of power equipment. The rotor imbalance arises due to the unbalanced masses of the rotor which leads to the emergence of variable loads on the supports and bending of the rotor. The dynamic balancing of the rotor on the balancing machine is the way to avoid the negative effects of centrifugal forces. The balancing machines in resonant and soft-bearing modes are usually used on modern production. However, these methods of balancing has a number of shortcoming, which can be solved by using the hard-bearing method. For example, an ability of balancing of products with huge imbalance and increasing the accuracy of balancing. Application of soft-bearing balancing method needs to be added in other ways, taking into account high reqiuirments of the power equipment. A model of a hard-bearing balancing machine was designed for balancing rotors and rotating elements of power equipment. The Autodesk Inventor CAD software was used for modeling of the balancing machine and the rotor. The modal analysis was conducted by using the block method of Lanczos on the basis of the ANSYS system. The main assumption during the modal analysis process was that the form of free fluctuations is calculated in relative units and does not allow to determine absolute shifts. The natural oscillation frequencies of the 3D models of the balancing machine bed and the rotor of the gas turbine engine 16M were calculated to determine the informative frequency range that the rotor should be hard-bearing balanced.

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RAJEWSKI, Adam. "Plains End Power Station – gas reciprocating engines in a grid-stability power plant." Combustion Engines 141, no. 2 (May 1, 2010): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117141.

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The Plains End Power Station located in Colorado, USA, is one of the largest power plants with reciprocating engines as prime movers. In two units of this power plant there are totally 34 engine-generator sets driven by Wartsila reciprocating engines. Total installed capacity of the plant is ca. 230 MW. Plains End Power Station serves a source of peakload power and grid-stability plant, which is particularly important in an area with high wind power capacity. Features of the used engines like their high operational flexibility and very short start-up time, combined with the layout of multiple parallel gensets of relatively small outputs, greatly facilitates this type of operations, allowing to quickly and reliably supply amount of power currently needed for grid balancing. The paper presents operational experience and specific operational conditions of a peakload and grid-stability plant using gas reciprocating engines.

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du Plessis, Anton, Stephan Gerhard le Roux, and Herman van Rooyen. "3D X-Ray Inspection of a Radio Controlled Airplane Engine." Materials Science Forum 828-829 (August 2015): 433–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.828-829.433.

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This paper describes a typical 3D X-ray micro computed tomography (microCT) analysis of light metal parts, from a radio controlled airplane engine. This case study shows the power of 3D X-ray inspection and analysis for this type of material, including information about the size and location of casting defects, the location of turbine blade balancing weights and dimensional measurements indicating the axle was not perfectly centre. Advantages and limitations of the method for light metals are described in general

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Naboureh, Amin, Ainong Li, Jinhu Bian, Guangbin Lei, and Meisam Amani. "A Hybrid Data Balancing Method for Classification of Imbalanced Training Data within Google Earth Engine: Case Studies from Mountainous Regions." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (October 11, 2020): 3301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203301.

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Distribution of Land Cover (LC) classes is mostly imbalanced with some majority LC classes dominating against minority classes in mountainous areas. Although standard Machine Learning (ML) classifiers can achieve high accuracies for majority classes, they largely fail to provide reasonable accuracies for minority classes. This is mainly due to the class imbalance problem. In this study, a hybrid data balancing method, called the Partial Random Over-Sampling and Random Under-Sampling (PROSRUS), was proposed to resolve the class imbalance issue. Unlike most data balancing techniques which seek to fully balance datasets, PROSRUS uses a partial balancing approach with hundreds of fractions for majority and minority classes to balance datasets. For this, time-series of Landsat-8 and SRTM topographic data along with various spectral indices and topographic data were used over three mountainous sites within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. It was observed that PROSRUS had better performance than several other balancing methods and increased the accuracy of minority classes without a reduction in overall classification accuracy. Furthermore, adopting complementary information, particularly topographic data, considerably increased the accuracy of minority classes in mountainous areas. Finally, the obtained results from PROSRUS indicated that every imbalanced dataset requires a specific fraction(s) for addressing the class imbalance problem, because different datasets contain various characteristics.

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Crane, M. E., and S. R. King. "Emission Reductions Through Precombustion Chamber Design in a Natural Gas, Lean Burn Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906612.

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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various precombustion chamber design, operating, and control parameters on the exhaust emissions of a natural gas engine. Analysis of the results showed that engine-out total hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) can be reduced, relative to conventional methods, through prechamber design. More specifically, a novel staged prechamber yielded significant reductions in NOx and total hydrocarbon emissions by promoting stable prechamber and main chamber ignition under fuel-lean conditions. Precise fuel control was also critical when balancing low emissions and engine efficiency (i.e., fuel economy). The purpose of this paper is to identify and explain positive and deleterious effects of natural gas prechamber design on exhaust emissions.

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Ashhab, M. S. S., A. G. Stefanopoulou, J. A. Cook, and M. B. Levin. "Control of Camless Intake Process—Part II1." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 122, no. 1 (July 14, 1998): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.482448.

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A model-based control scheme is designed to regulate the cylinder air charge of a camless multicylinder engine for unthrottled operation. The controller consists of a feedforward and an adaptive feedback scheme based on a control-oriented model of the breathing process of an engine equipped with electro-hydraulic springless valvetrain. The nonlinear control scheme is designed to achieve cylinder-to-cylinder balancing, fast cycle-to-cycle response, and minimization of pumping losses. The algorithm uses conventional sensor measurements of intake manifold pressure and mass air flow to the intake manifold, and intake valve duration measurement. Closed-loop simulation results are shown for a four-cylinder engine. [S0022-0434(00)03001-X]

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Anvari-Azar, Farhad, Dani Strickland, Neil Filkin, and Harry Townshend. "Net Present Value Analysis of a Hybrid Gas Engine-Energy Storage System in the Balancing Mechanism." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 24, 2020): 3816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153816.

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There is the potential for hybridised gas engine-energy storage systems to participate in the Balancing Mechanism (BM) by offering a product that marries the advantages of both units. The higher price offerings are currently dominated by pumped storage (PS) assets. Given their high-flexibility, PS plants mostly offer at higher prices, but respond quicker and can run for a smaller minimum run time than a gas engine on its own. The operation of the hybrid system must match the operation of the pumped storage plants, to be able to claim a space in this part of the BM market including meeting a minimum run time and minimum start time. The business case is dependent on battery costs which in turn depend on size and operational strategy. This paper uses a case study approach to estimate Net Present Value of a hybrid system. The paper uses a mixture of publicly available data and industrially provided data within its analysis. The paper concludes that battery cost and lifespan are still issues and that battery-engine hybrids are not economic at present. There is indication in the modelling that under very favorable conditions such as low compound interest rates, an acceptance of offers above 7 times/day and low gas price, it is possible to see a return on investment of a lithium ion-based battery-gas engine hybrid.

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Smith, J. E., A. D. McKisic, R. Craven, and J. Prucz. "Three-Dimensional Balancing of the Stiller-Smith Mechanism for Application to an Eight-Cylinder IC Engine." Journal of Mechanisms, Transmissions, and Automation in Design 111, no. 4 (December 1, 1989): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3259021.

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The Stiller-Smith Mechanism employs a double cross-slider to convert linear reciprocating motion into rotational motion. It has previously been shown that a four-cylinder configuration utilizing this motion conversion device can be balanced in two dimensions. The inherent planar nature of this mechanism makes it possible to produce a compact, eight-cylinder configuration for use as an internal combustion engine which is balanced in three dimensions. This paper develops and presents the necessary requirements for such a balanced engine. Relative merits of various configurations are discussed and analytical results of different balancing schemes are presented.

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KORCZEWSKI, Zbigniew. "Diagnosing marine turbine engines through energy characteristics of their flow sections." Combustion Engines 150, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117028.

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The aim of the performed research was to develop of a diagnostic method of the flow section of a marine turbine combustion engine based on the level of delamination of its energy characteristics. The here adopted diagnostic model provides for a formulation of the evaluation of the technical conditions based on the measurements of the parameters of the thermodynamic medium in the characteristic control cross-sections of the flow section of the engine during a steady engine operation at nominal load. Based on the energy balancing of the individual impeller sets calculations were performed of their parameters in the form of a distribution of the stream of enthalpy along the flow section. This constituted the basis for the diagnostic conclusions on the overall technical condition of the engine at the same time enabling the identification of the spots of greatest energy losses.

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Huang, Chung Neng, Zheng Zhong Yu, and Chien Kuo Lan. "Development of a Self-Balancing Cooling System Based on Harvesting Heat via Stirling Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 477-478 (December 2013): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.477-478.388.

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Most of days, the summer temperature in Taiwan is higher than 30 degree Celsius. Where, heat dissipation for devices becomes more difficult and needs more electric power. In addition, devices discharging waste heat via traditional ways that accelerates global warming. In order to serve above problems, a self-balanced cooling system is developed. Based on Stirling engine, waste heat is recycled and transformed into a kinetic power. In this paper, this power is used to relieve heat via a fan by devices themselves. Besides, for higher heat input yields larger power to drive a fan and vice versa to Stirling engine, a self-cooling cycle naturally forms under above autonomous control. The feasibility assessment will be confirmed via simulation studies.

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Singh, Bhim, and Ram Niwas. "Single-Phase Power Generation Using Three-Phase Self-Excited Synchronous Reluctance Generator." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 15, no. 4 (August 1, 2014): 377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2014-0006.

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Abstract This paper presents the single-phase power generation using a three-phase synchronous reluctance generator (SyRG) for a standalone diesel generator (DG) set based standalone supply system. A static compensator (STATCOM) is used for voltage control, harmonics reduction and load balancing on SyRG. The proposed system consists of a SyRG, a variable frequency drive of an induction motor used as a prototype of diesel engine (DE), a STATCOM and single-phase loads. The proposed system feeds single-phase loads in rural areas and telecom towers. The synchronous reference frame theory (SRFT)–based control algorithm is used for the control of STATCOM used for voltage control and load balancing of SyRG.

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Bauner, David, Staffan Laestadius, and Norimasa Iida. "Evolving technological systems for diesel engine emission control: balancing GHG and local emissions." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 11, no. 3 (May 17, 2008): 339–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-008-0151-x.

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Kim, Sun-Kyoung, Chang-Soo Jeon, Hong-Gye Sung, Jong-Ryul Byen, and Hyun-Gull Yoon. "Performance Load Balancing and Sensitivity Analysis of Ramjet/Scramjet for Dual-Combustion/Dual-Mode Ramjet Engine Part I. Performance Load Balancing." Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 38, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 586–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2010.38.6.586.

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SUN, YANHUA, GENGBIN ZHENG, PRITISH JETLEY, and LAXMIKANT V. KALE. "PARSSSE: AN ADAPTIVE PARALLEL STATE SPACE SEARCH ENGINE." Parallel Processing Letters 21, no. 03 (September 2011): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626411000242.

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State space search problems abound in the artificial intelligence, planning and optimization literature. Solving such problems is generally NP-hard, so that a brute-force approach to state space search must be employed. Given the exponential amount of work that state space search problems entail, it is desirable to solve them on large parallel machines with significant computational power. In this paper, we analyze the parallel performance of several classes of state space search applications. In particular, we focus on the issues of grain size, the prioritized execution of tasks and the balancing of load among processors in the system. We demonstrate the corresponding techniques that are used to scale such applications to large scale. Moreover, we tackle the problem of programmer productivity by incorporating these techniques into a general search engine framework designed to solve a broad class of state space search problems. We demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of our design using three example applications, and present scaling results up to 32,768 processors.

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Brandt, Christina, Jenny Niebsch, and Jost Vehmeyer. "Modelling of Ultra-Precision Turning Processes in Consideration of Unbalances." Advanced Materials Research 223 (April 2011): 839–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.223.839.

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In order to manufacture optical components or mechanical parts with high surface roughness requirements, diamond machining is used. To achieve the desired surface quality, the understanding of the surface generation process and its inﬂuencing parameters is important. Here, the crucial parameter is the residual unbalance of the main spindle. As the residual un-balance aﬀects the process and vice versa, the investigation of the process-machine interaction is necessary. In this paper we present a model describing this interaction between dynamical unbalances that occur during the machining process and the engine-shaft structure at the example of an ultra-precision turning lathe. This model allows the determination of the achievable surface quality of a workpiece for a given balancing state. On the other hand we will present a mathematical method to solve the corresponding inverse problem of computing the necessary residual balancing state and balancing weights for a given desired or given measured surface quality.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Balancing of engine'

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