Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Balante (langue) – Modalité (linguistique)'
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Gomes, Cleonice Candida. "O Sistema verbal do balanta : um estudo dos morfemas de tempo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19012009-154521/.
Full textThe focus on this paper is to show the values of the tenses and the modality morphemes in the Balanta language. The Balanta is a language spoken between Casamance, South of Senegal, and Geba River, north of Guinea-Bissau. The Balanta is an Atlantic language of the Niger-Congo branch, of which Fufulde, Wolof, Diola, Serer, Temne are among the most spoken. The Balanta is located in the north branch, in the group called Bak, togheter with Diola, Mandyak, Mankanya and Papel. The verbal paradigm of Balanta presents the following tenses and modality morphemes: {-Æ} present, remote past, future, change of stage, deictic, conclusive, inconclusive, the last four morphemes are used to express the attitude of the speaker in relation to the propositional content or in relation to the truth of the statement, or in relation to the listener. The morpheme {-Æ} present, in accordance with the verbal paradigm and the kind of verb, present values such as present and past in the perfective, present or future in the imperfective; the modality morphemes, in accordance with the verbal paradigm and the kind of verb, present values such as change of stage and interruption action, closing action in the time and certitude, no action closing and incertitude
Chantarawaranyou, Mayurie. "Etude de la modalité : en français (modes verbaux) et en thaï (auxiliaires préverbaux de mode)." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030114.
Full textThis paper is a contrastive study between two languages on moods in french and modal preverbs in thai, analysed from different texts and based on the linguistic theory of gustave guillaume concerning the value of language and the value of speech
López, Izquierdo Marta. "Recherches sur la modalité : les verbes de modalité factuelle en espagnol médiéval." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100093.
Full textBottineau, Didier. "Aspect, actance et modalité : systématique de l'infinitif anglais." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040205.
Full textThis study, based on the linguistic theory of G. Guillaume (the psychomechanics of language), with references to the meta-operational grammar of H. Adamczewski and the theory of operations of A. Culioli, deals with the way in which English utterances containing an infinitive verb form are generated : the genesis of a projected subject-predicate matrix, submitted to the mental scrutiny of the enunciator, can be intercepted at an early stage, resulting in an utterance which displays a virtualized connection between a potential subject (determined or undetermined) and the predicate, with a verbal relator passing a modal comment justifying the interception. A relator with a subject of its own is fore fronted, whereas a subjectless one remains inserted between the subject and the verb. An unintercepted subject-to-predicate connection is unmarked; an intercepted one is marked by one or several auxiliaries, with or without to, depending on the degree of actualization; a previously available connection is revalidated by -ing or virtualized by a past participle. The choice of aspectual verb forms is shown to reveal the degree of modal validation of the subject-to predicate link accepted by the enunciator, resulting in a correspondingly actualized link between the subject and the verb. The potential significates of verb forms, affixes and grammatical words in general are ascribed to the clusters of phonemes they contain: each sound represents an elementary mental process, and the meaning and syntax of grammatical words and some major lexical words is determined by the combination of processes their morphology involves. The infinitive is defined as the keystone between this cognitive structure of the word and the modal genesis of utterances it enables. This approach leads to a distinction between the morphogenic operations carried out by the enunciator and the semantic processes he tries to induce the hearer to perform
Brul, Willem van den. "Les verbes de modalité en néerlandais contemporain." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040168.
Full textAfter a summary of the verbal system in Dutch, with its temporal, aspectual and modal values, there follows a description of the invariant operations that form the bases of all modal verb usage (zullen, moeten, kunnen, mogen, willen) when expressing necessity, possibility and will, as well as the future with zullen
Novakova, Iva. "Temporalité, modalité et aspectualité au futur : l'exemple du français et du bulgare." Grenoble 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE39015.
Full textThe present work analyses the idea of futurity as a universal semantic and cognitive category through its different ways of expression in French and Bulgarian. The uses of the future tenses are analysed through three basic utterer-centered categories: temporality, modality and aspectuality. The textual dimension of futures contributes to the vast panorama of way the future tenses function, because the semantic values of the occurrences change according to the register in which they appear. The late formation of the future tenses is a general tendency in languages. The historical perspective of the futures enables one to better understand of their meanings at the present stage of the language. The study is based on a large corpus of literary and everyday use examples in the two analysed languages. The classification of the collected utterances and their translations made it possible to determine the structure of the work. It widely resorts to the instruments and the concepts of the utterer-centered linguistic theory, contrastive linguistics, cognitive semantics, pragmatics and textual linguistics. The methodological approach chosen in this study insists on the impossibility to separate the temporal, modal and aspectual dimensions in the analyses of the futures because they influence each other. This approach proves that the traditional classification of the futures into "temporal" and "modal" uses does not correspond to the realities of the language. The future processes are ulterior to the speaker's present (temporal parameter). The fact that they escape the truth criteria explains that the future is inherently a modalized tense. The third parameter, namely aspect or the speaker's view point on the process (global, accomplished, non-accomplished, prospective) is widely analysed in the present study. The work also shows the importance of the subject's person, which conveys various shades of meaning. If, for processes referring to the past, it may remain discreet, in the future, it becomes unavoidable
Mettouchi, Amina. "Aspect et négation : recherche d'invariants et étude énonciative de l'incidence de la modalité négative sur l'aspect en berbère (kabyle)." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030069.
Full textCotte, Pierre. "Le système des auxiliaires modaux dans le système verbal de l'anglais contemporain." Grenoble 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE39001.
Full textThe subject of this study is threefold; it is an analysis of the morphosyntactic properties of the modal auxiliaries of english and it aims at giving a general semantic definition of their class as well as of each individual modal auxiliary. It is shown that the class of modal auxiliaries is characterized by abstraction and virtualisation - semantic properties that are revealed by a comparison with the mass of the other verbs of english and to-periphrases. These properties explain why the modals do not require to after them and lack the specific marker of the present tense of the indicative mood. The analysis also shows how the modals became orga- nized into a paradigm whose model is to and were thus led to abandon the quasi nominal mood to be used only finitely. It is also concerned with the relation between this paradigm and do and is able to account for the fact that they do not combine. The thesis thus shows that each formal property is motivated by the general meaning of the class but it is also a systematic exploration of the semantic potential of each particular modal and is concerned with the relations between modal and other auxiliaries, in particular the order of operators in the verb phrase of english
Boneva-Borissevitch, Krassimira. "Le rôle des modalités épistémiques dans l'élaboration d'une semiosis." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100029.
Full textThe role of epistemic modalities in building up the semiosis is possible to establish, with reference to French semiotics, only through Greimas's semiotic theory and l'Ecole de Paris. The occurrence of the semiosis is in close connection with the structure which can be defined as a network of relations which precedes their manifestation on the surface structure. The constitutive model is graphically presented by means of a semiotic square where the two schemas defined through the relations of contradiction stand in relation of contrariety and produce the semiosis. The occurrence of the semiosis is theoretically traced by means of generative trajectory structures. Modalities are considered to be necessary conditions for building up the subject's competence (being, wanting, having to do or to be) and his getting to performance (doing, being able to do or to be). Epistemic modalities expressed through the categories of knowing and believing are based on the subject's identity that has already been established. His believing makes it possible for him to assume his own modal completion and the credibility of enunciator's universe. The believing lays the foundation of a new modality - the asumption modality, which, together with the enunciator's persuasive doing, is a premise for the building up of semiosis combining the sender's immanent nature and the receiver's interpretative doing. In the analysed text (Exodus 28 of the Old Testament) the believing is not a fully completed category yet. This category contributes to building up the Subject's epistemic judgement through the making of an Object (sacerdotal vestments). In the process of making the Object, the Subject experiences the esthesis of the Object thus forming his believing which is unlimited in time. In such a way the assumption modality contributes to the creation of an unlimited semiosis in which the subject - the conscious bearer of the whole modality complex - can under go an endless evolution
Nguyen, Thi Thanh Hoa. "Contribution à l'étude de la prosodie du Vietnamien : Variations de l'intonation dans les modalités - assertive, interrogative et impérative -." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070018.
Full textThis study aims mainly the 2 aspects of the prosody of Vietnamese: 1. The prosodic variations of the intonation in the 3 types of sentence: assertion, interrogation and injunction. 2. The influence of the intonation on the tone in final position of the sentence. It is an experimental study which concerns at the same time the read speech (acoustic analysis, test of perception and re-synthesis) and the spontaneous speech (acoustic analysis and comparative study). The results show that each type of sentence bas a specific intonation generally given by the overall height of Fo, the duration and the intensity of the sentence. However, the general contour of Fo is not a very plausible index for the characterisation of the modalities because of the tonal variations on the level of syllables. On the other hand, the behaviour of the tone that carries the final syllable can be regarded as a preponderant element when one speaks about the melody of a sentence. On this point, one can say that the differences between the tonal variants generated by the intonation are more significant when one concerns about the height (Fo), the form and the amplitude of tonal contour than the duration and the intensity of the syllable in question
Jendraschek, Gerd. "Les notions modales de possibilité et de capacité en basque : morphologie, syntaxe, sémantique, variations diachronique et sociolinguistique." Toulouse 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU20044.
Full text'Possibility' can be defined as a functional domain corresponding to an array of structures that we have described for Basque. This description is based on several corpora of written Basque, representing mainly the standard(s), but also regional and classical varieties. These corpora, as well as informant work with several native speakers, have shown a great deal of variation, both synchronically and diachronically. One way of expressing possibility in Basque is by means of a special set of auxiliaries. These do not distinguish epistemic from non-epistemic possibility, but media language makes frequent use of specific markers. Only the most frequent of the auxiliary forms can resist to gradual obsolescence. This evolution must be seen in connection with the external history of Basque, which is caracterized by dialect levelling, attrition, and creolization
Mesnard, Michèle. "L'expression de la modalité en langue juridique : étude portant sur les verbes devoir et pouvoir." Bordeaux 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR30047.
Full textThe legal language, and especially the code's language of the civil and penal fields, either legislative or reglementary, is intuitively seen as carrier of numerous values of obligation and permission. The analysis reveals that this language conveys an important number of national elements and wordings containing the two modal verbs "pouvoir" and "devoir", since one can find 5500 appearances of these verbs, including more tha 4300 for "pouvoir" in the French civil and penal codes and in the French civil and penal procedural codes. This concentration of the expression of the possible and/or the compulsory allows to translate the differents fields of the idea which guide a legislative wording, the presupposition of an hypothesis, and its possible or compulsory solutions, a principle or an exception
Guillaume, Bénédicte. "Approche énonciative des question tags en anglais contemporain : étude d'un corpus écrit et oral." Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE2030.
Full textCarreira, Maria Helena Araújo. "Modalisation linguistique en situation d'interlocution : proxémique verbale et modalisation en portugais." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040210.
Full textWithin the domain of modality and interlocution - conceived both at the level of the potentialities of language (that of the virtual means of verbal communication) and at the discursive level (that of the variation of individual realizations) - this study concerns "verbal proxemics". The problem is stated in the following way: which verbal means do subjects speakers of a language have at their disposal in order to regulate their interlocutive distance, when they proceed to verbal exchanges? How are these linguistic means being implemented in the variability of discursive solutions? Faced with the variety of these means, delimitation of a certain number amongst them is required. Have been chosen: address forms, "interlocutive expressions" (see "modal particles", "discursive particles", "enonciative particles", etc. ) and linguistic manifestations of politeness, in Portuguese. These three types of means, particularly well qualified for the regulation of interlocutive distance are delimited from different viewpoints (see "bilans d'études" ("assessments of studies") and a semantico-pragmatic delimitation based on a continuous vision of semantic phenomena (see B. Pottier's theory) is proposed (1st part). The modal realm to which these means belong leads to a reflection on the ways to access the study of the linguistic expression of modality, from a point of view of interlocution (2nd part). A certain number of discursive solutions which put to the test the results of our study (1st and 2nd parts) are then being analyzed (3rd part). This research follows, indeed, a movement to and fro between discursive realizations, language potentialities and conceptual possibilities, and aims to reconcile the point of view of linguistics "of the conversational field" and that of theoretical linguistics
Gerbe, Rose-Marie. "Le présent prototypant : contribution à l'étude des appareils formels du français écrit." Grenoble 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE39052.
Full textThe present tense can be studied according to a new approach, taking both the formal apparatus and the modal point of view into account, especially when the temporal reference is not relevant. So in some written utterances, which do not have any oral equivalent and are not communication-oriented, the present tense does not refer to any specific situation, whether simultaneous to the speech act or not. It allows, through a co-text and a context, both involved in this "dis-actualization", to refer to a "prototypical" event, not in the semantic sense of the word but in the sense of a "model" : this event, expressed in the present tense, becomes "dis-actualized", unreal but exemplary; it can be realized in many different ways (we can use the locution "paradigmatic reference"). That is why we refer to it as a "prototyping" modality of the present tense, for example in the philosophical examples, legal texts and narrative manuscripts
Ben, Kharafa Mustapha. "Les marques modales dans un corpus spontané en langue seconde : deux sujets hors situation scolaire : une analyse énonciative et intonative." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030143.
Full textThe importance of this work is seen in the fact of deducing certain linguistic facts which seem to be governed by particular necessities from a spontaneous oral situation and find the differences between the three languages to be analysed (french, english and moroccan arabic) from a detailed study of melody that helps to distinguish different ways of showing the position of the modal marker and his effect upon the whole sentence
Romero, Céline. "L'évolution syntaxique des verbes modaux dans l'histoire de l'anglais." Paris 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA030061.
Full textIn this work, we assume a syntactic position for the preterite-presents in Old English and show that they are raising verbs. We underline the grammaticalization of (epistemic) modals in late Old English : they have two syntactic positions Mode (epistemic) and vModal (root). Our hypotheses are based on the analysis of infinitival structures (particularly the parallelism between the syntax of causatives and preterite-presents), negation (negative concord, Neg criterion, polarity), adverbs, elliptic structures and the TO particle
Bourdier, Valérie. "Traitement énonciatif du modal should dans des propositions interdépendantes en anglais contemporain." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070088.
Full textThe description of the semantics of the English modal auxiliary should is problematic on account of the multiplicity of values it may take on and the diversity of the environments in which it may appear. In particular, the use of should in complex utterances is often difficult to interpret with reference to the values of weak obligation and prediction, with which it is routinely associated in independent clauses. In consequence, the use of should in such contexts is regarded by some linguists to be « marginal », devoid of semantic content or even redundant. In this corpus-based study carried out within the theoretical framework of the Theory of Enunciative Operations, the case is made for a unitary treatment of should capable of taking in the Ml range of its uses Emphasis is placed on the way meaning is constructed in context via the interplay of locating operations in four kinds of syntactic environment : content clauses in noun-phrase structures, content clauses functioning as subject in copular verb + adjectif phrase constructions, hypothetical clauses and modalizing matrix clauses. The question of the relationship between shall and should is examined from both a diachronic and a synchronic standpoint and, via the examination of a large number of authentic examples taken from contemporary written English, new light is shed on the nature of the operations underlying the -ED marker. Particular attention is paid throughout to the analysis of features relating to the subjective and inter-subjective dimension of utterances containing should
Nakao, Yukie. "Analyse contrastive français-japonais du discours en langue de spécialité - modalité et définition phrastique." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00920630.
Full textDeloor, Sandrine. "Pour un traitement sémantique et pragmatique de la particule « ya » en espagnol contemporain." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0041.
Full textThis dissertation established that the interpretation of the Spanish particule ya depends (1) on the modality of the sentence in wich it appears (affirmation or negation) and (2) on the aspectual characteristics of this sentence (perfective or imperfective aspect). According to the model here proposed, a sentence with ya puts two intervals in relation : an asserted interval, defined respect to the point of reference of the sentence (t), and a presupposed interval i. The relationship between the two intervals is different depending on wheter the sentence with ya is affirmative or negative. In an affirmative sentence, the interval i is included in the interval begining at t ; t is therefore anterior to i (the presupposition concerns the future). In a negative sentence, the interval i is not in the interval begining at t ; t is therefore posterior to i (the presupposition concerns the past). In a perfective sentence, the two intervals connected by ya may deal with an operation or with the result of an operation or with the result of an operation. The particle ya has an experiencial interpretation in the first case and a resultative interpretation in the second one
Kim, Ye-Sug. "Modalisations linguistiques et rapports sociaux en coréen et en français." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA040034.
Full textEach language has the elements expressing social relations of interlocutors. The terms we apply to call or designate a person indicate various human relations. The appellation, the professional titles, the kinship terms, the affection terms and the personal pronouns constitute the address terms. Whereas the first function of the French personal pronoun is to distinguish the ranks as the first, the second and the third person, the Korean personal pronoun shows clearly the social relations between the protagonists of speech act rather than their ranks. The pronouns of second person can be classified into four groups according to the criterions of age, social status, familiarity of the interlocutors, in other words factors determining their social relationship. The pronouns of third person are distinguished in the same way. On the other hand, the French personal pronoun's indication of social relations is to find, first of all, in the opposition tu/vous and in the person transformation play (for ex. , 3rd person pronoun or noun clause in place of 2nd person pronoun). The Korean is rich in lexical and grammatical elements allowing to display the various social relations of the partners of speech act : some verbs and some nouns possessing an honorific variable ; the honorific nominative suffix and the honorific dative suffix ; the verbal honorific suffix ; the verbal endings of mood which vary according to the social relation of speaker/hearer. In French, the social relationship indicators of the partners of speech act are less grammaticalized than in Korean. Beyond the address terms, the grammatical dispositions concerning polite demand act, the social relations of the interlocutors can be read in the various levels of language
Suh, Duck-yull. "Les verbes modaux et la négation en français : les propiétés syntaxiques et les interprétations sémantiques des verbes devoir et pouvoir." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100087.
Full textMai, Udo. "La modalité et ses réalisations en français." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100084.
Full textModality is a linguistic phenomenon that cannot be defined in purely semantic terms. A complete definition of modality has to take into account all of its semantic, functional, and structural properties. In the present work, we first build up a theoretic framework based on an onomasiological approach, and then analyze the different ways modal meanings can be expressed in French from a semasiological point of view. This analysis includes the elements most prototypical for the category of modality, such as modal verbs, modal adverbs and mood. Furthermore, it also takes into account less prototypical modal elements, such as modal particles, verbs and connectors implying the factual or assertive status of the proposition they introduce, as well as the relation between information structure and modality. The analysis is based upon the corpora Frantext, WebCorp, Wortschatz Leipzig and the text collection French Web 2012 in Sketch Engine. Certain properties of modal elements in French can only be detected when they interact with other elements modalizing the same proposition. The study of these complex manifestations of modality completes this portrait of the functional-semantic category of modality in contemporary French
Cervoni, Valerio. "Les marqueurs discursifs d’acceptation épistémique en français et en italien dialogiques : une étude sur corpus." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR2021.
Full textThis dissertation proposes to study six epistemic discourse markers (DMs) of spoken French and Italian, specialized in the dialogic operation that allows for accepting the truth-value of a propositional content proposed by an interlocutor and for grounding the propositional content in the common ground of the speakers.The originality of our research lays in our non aprioristic approach to the epistemic DMs of dialogue.Starting from a solid definition of the notions of DM, epistemicity and intersubjective negotiation, we collected a representative corpus of d’accord, mh, voilà in spoken French dialogues and ho capito, mh, esatto in spoken Italian dialogues. The corpus is composed of 60 epistemic occurrences per form, and takes into account several different speakers and contexts.The manual annotation process of the corpus revealed that the six DMs have a large and complex spectrum of functions, belonging to different levels of discourse structure.Accordingly, in the framework of a modular and corpus-driven approach, we tried to combine theoretical aspects, operationalization of theoretical choices in an annotation scheme, and analysis of the data.A comparison between the DMs of French and Italian, supported by statistical significance tests, finally showed the remarkable similarity, at the local and global levels of dialogue, between d’accord and ho capito, mh and mh, voilà and esatto
Glaude, Herby. "Aspects de la syntaxe de l'haïtien." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/178002143#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis dissertation presents a number of Haitian constructions, some of which have so far been left undescribed in the linguistic literature on this language. Special care is devoted to expliciting the interpretive effects associated with the strings generated by the syntax. The Haitian data are drawn from recently-published texts or made up by the author and assessed by himself and other native speakers of Haitian. The body of the text is subdivided into three parts. Part I deals with polarity, TMA and modals. Part II deals with various types of simplex clauses: de-transitivised clauses; reflexive and reciprocal clauses; double-object constructions; serial verbs; questions. Part III deals with the structure and interpretation of noun phrases — bare, simplex, and possessivized
Armbrecht, Constanze. "De l'espace à la modalité : la locution adverbiale polyvalente 'jusqu'à un certain point'." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAC027.
Full textThis thesis stems from a project aimed at exploring marginal quantifying expressions. Whereas there is an abundant literature on quantifying determiners, for instance, the study of quantifying/intensifying adverbial phrases is not very advanced yet. This thesis thus focuses on a quantifying adverbial phrase on the margins of quantification research: jusqu’à un certain point (to a certain extend/up to a certain point). The analysis is based on a written corpus using different sources. Part one offers three studies of the adverbial phrase’s constituents, the preposition jusque, the determiner un certain and the noun point. Part two introduces an overview of the current uses of jusqu’à un certain point, shows the adverbial phrase’s synchronic fixation and describes its evolution since its first appearance in Frantext in 1671. Six contemporary uses can be distinguished: endophrastic jusqu’à un certain point functions as an adverb of completion, degree or “limit”. Exophrastic jusqu’à un certain point functions as a modal, a hedge (shield or approximator). There are hybrid cases activating quantitative and modal values in parallel. Finally, the adverbial phrase can function as an argumentative pivot with properties of a modalisateur déréalisant of Ducrot. Part three examines the adverbial status of jusqu’à un certain point, its interaction with different predicate types, the role played by its syntactical position, its conceptualization within a cognitive semantic perspective and its role as a discourse operator participating in the articulation of argumentation
Târa, George Bogdan. "Les périphrases verbales avec le verbe habeo en latin tardif." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040031.
Full textThis thesis studies the evolution of the constructions habeo + the perfect passive participle in - *to- and habeo + infinitive, which are the origins of the past perfect tense and of the future tense in the majority of the Romance languages. We follow the development of these two constructions through the different periods of Latin. Our study starts with the Archaic and Classical periods, after which we have selected certain authors, such as Tertullian and Augustine, to be representative of Late Latin, before then extending our analysis to the period of Late Antiquity (the VIth to the VIIIth centuries), for which we have carried out an exhaustive study using data from the CLCLT-5 CD-ROMs. Our aim here has been to find the examples and to establish the criteria responsible for the development of these lexicosyntactic structures into verbal periphrases, as the result of a process of grammaticalization. The analysis of a large number of occurrences presented in their precise context has enabled us to observe that the new analytical forms do not, at least in written Late Latin, replace the forms of the synthetic perfect and future tenses. From this, we can only conclude that the tendency towards a temporal value by these two constructions was made easier by their presence in certain types of texts, where they took on certain specific uses
Kanté, Issa. "La complétive nominale finie : entre syntaxe et sémantique : une étude contrastive anglais-francais." Paris 13, 2011. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2011_kante.pdf.
Full textFurmaniak, Grégory. "Influence des marqueurs aspectuels sur la construction et l'interprétation de la modalité dans les énoncés en MUST." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00520392.
Full textVokurková, Zuzana. "Epistemic modalities in spoken standard Tibetan." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/145517160#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis dissertation is a study of epistemic modalities in spoken Standard Tibetan. They are generally conveyed by a system of verbal endings called 'epistemic endings'. These endings express various degrees of the speaker's certainty of the actuality of his utterance. The dissertation consists of five chapters. The first chapter is theoretic dealing with modality in general, and with the related categories of tense and aspect. I draw on the works of Palmer (1986), Dik (1997) and Gosselin (2005). The second chapter presents the linguistic situation in Tibet and characterizes spoken Standard Tibetan morphologically and syntactically. The third chapter concentrates on the system of epistemic endings analyzing them from a conceptual, functional and syntactic point of view. It is demonstrated that epistemic endings, just like evidential endings, also convey secondary evidential meanings (sensory, factual, egophoric) and that they are normally used in affirmative and negative sentences, and not in interrogative sentences. The fourth chapter is a classification of the various types of epistemic endings. Altogether, 44 epistemic endings are described and their tense-aspect paradigm is built. Finally, the fifth chapter deals with the compatibility of the secondary verbs with epistemic endings. In conclusion, a dozen of types of epistemic endings are commonly used in the spoken language. They differ in the degree of certainty, the tense-aspect, the evidential meaning, the geographic use and the frequency
Vittrant, Alice. "La modalité et ses corrélats en birman : dans une perspective comparative." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185069.
Full textNous commencerons notre étude par une première partie théorique sur les notions de modalité, de temps et d'aspect (TAM). Après avoir rappelé les liens existant entre ces trois notions, nous nous attacherons à les expliciter. Nous nous appuierons, pour ce faire, sur les travaux de Cohen (1989) et de Dik (1997) pour l'aspect. En ce qui concerne la modalité, nous nous inspirerons plus particulièrement de l'approche sémantique de Frawley (1992) et de celle, fonctionnaliste, de Dik (1997) : à la suite de Frawley, nous consi¬dérerons la négation comme faisant partie du domaine de la modalité, et utiliserons l'idée proposée par Dik d'une stratification de la phrase pour formuler un modèle hiérarchisé de la modalité à cinq niveaux.
Nous continuerons par une présen¬tation générale de la langue birmane, et plus particulièrement du birman vernaculaire.
Nous proposerons ensuite une ré-analyse du syntagme verbal birman, fondée sur la notion de constructions de verbe en séries (CVS) ; elle sera accompagnée d'une présentation des morphèmes verbaux et des valeurs qu'ils véhiculent.
Nous aborderons enfin l'expression de la modalité en birman, sujet principal du présent travail, en montrant, dans un premier temps, que cette dernière, bien représentée dans la langue, utilise des formes variées : morphèmes spécialisés, morphèmes grammaticalisés, constructions syntaxiques, expressions figées. Puis nous mettrons en évidence que la modalité en birman intervient à différents niveaux dans l'énon¬cé ; elle peut être inhérente au procès (niveau A), concerner la prédication (niveau B), s'inscrire dans la proposition (niveau C), porter sur la phrase entière (D) ou opérer au niveau de l'énoncé (niveau E).
Pour conclure, nous verrons que la modalité est une notion essentielle en birman : obligatoirement exprimée dans le syntagme verbal, elle apparaît à tous les niveaux précédemment définis, et sous des formes nombreuses et variées.
Teletin, Andreea. "Organisation et fonctionnement du discours publicitaire dans la presse écrite : analyse comparative entre le portugais, le français et le roumain." Paris 8, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA082982.
Full textOur study focuses on a linguistic approach (more specifically, a semantic-pragmatic approach) of advertising discourse in print media. Our aim is to study the main differences and similarities of the advertising discourse in the context of European advertising (Portuguese, French and Romanian). The theoretical framework of our analysis is mainly based on Bernard Pottier’s semantic theory that links the conceptual, the linguistic and the discursive levels. Because the advertising discourse aims to persuade potential consumers, it conveys the deontic modality, which in its turn combines with the epistemic and axiological modalities. In the first part, we study the characteristics and functions of each component of the advertising discourse (title, argumentative text, image, logo and slogan). The second part of our work focuses on the analyses of linguistic phenomena, such as: modalisation, forms of address, deixis and negation. The third part deals with the cultural representations - linked to stereotypes and myths - in Portuguese, French and Romanian advertising discourse. The comparative approach allowed us to deepen the study of the discursive textual structures that we tried to contextualize from a socio-cultural point of view. Given the complexity of the advertising discourse, our study aims to offer a better understanding of the persuasive force in this type of discourse, through the analysis of its linguistic, social and mythical contents
Poreau, Bastien. "Modalité, énonciation et aspect : analyse de prédicats et structures exprimant l’obligation et régissant un datif en russe contemporain." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0023.
Full textOur thesis analyzes different predicates and a structure with a dative that are able to express obligation in Russian: three impersonal modal predicates – nado, nužno, ("must") and prijtis ("to be constrained", "to have the opportunity") – and the dative-infinitive structure, the modal meaning of which arises from the juxtaposition of a dative and an infinitive. None of these predicates had been fully described; additionally, the place of the dative-infinitive structure and its relation to structures containing an explicit modal remained poorly defined. Our approach is semasiological and discursive: we started by studying the forms in order to understand how their meaning is constructed. These were always analyzed in a broad context and submitted to native speakers. This allowed us to highlight the conditions of use of each of these forms and to isolate the contextual factors that could interfere with their interpretation. This allowed us to show that nado and nužno, generally described as synonyms, differ by the type of modality they express: objective and absolute for nado; subjective and relative for nužno. Prijtis ’, in contrast, has a retrospective orientation and is opposing a situation in which the process is realized against one or more other situations in which it is not the case. This opposition, coming from the preverb pri-, creates a meaning of either constraint or contingency, depending on the nature of the situations involved. Finally, we have shown that the dative-infinitive structure is not elliptical but has a discursive function: it does not construct a relation of necessity, but reasserts it to highlight its implications in a considered situation
Derraz, Naoual. "Temps et aspect en anglais et en arabe." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030053.
Full textAlthough English and Arabic are typologically two very different languages, we have argued in this thesis that both possess a temporal and an aspectual system. This view required the study of other aspects of these two languages. That's why we have not limited our study to only perfective (PF) and imperfective (IF) forms in Arabic and their equivalent in English. We also studied the participial form, the negative system, temporal adverbs, mood and modality. We concluded that tense and Aktionsart remain unchanged from one language to another and only the grammatical aspect varies according to the different languages. In fact, morphological aspect determines tense in Arabic. We tried to explain why Neg selects IF and proposed that IF appears at the bottom of the structure and it is blocked by Neg. IF is [+Asp], contrary to PF which is marked for [+T]. We suggested, finally, that the imperfective in Arabic functions like an infinitive with the ! features [-T] and [+Agr]
Shin, Sunock. "Modalité et reprise dialogique : études de cas dans le cadre d'une grammaire comparée Français-Coréen." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD057.
Full textThis dissertation proposes Three Primary Functions as the main comparative framework to analyze the French and Korean reported speeches. Firstly, within the comparative grammar framework, we seek to identify which linguistic procedures permit the French and Korean to have a quotation and explicate their modes of functioning. Secondly, as the introducer of reported speech is predicate, and its arguments quoted speech and speaker, this comparative study (between French and Korean) aims to explain modes of functioning of the predicative usages. Thirdly, it examines the modality question – concerning the position of the speaker closer to and/or distanced from the reported speech – question by which we can analyze how the speech of an interlocutor is interpreted by speaker both in French and Korean reported speeches. We adopted Three Primary Functions as our main analytical frame because they treat the reported speech efficiently in identifying which linguistic procedures make possible the French and Korean languages to have a quotation and explicate their modes of functioning. We can resume our study in three main points: 1) to show the interests in comparative analysis of the reported speech within modality perspective; 2) to conduct the comparative analysis of French and Korean reported speeches; 3) to use Three Primary Functions to synthesize our analyses of French and Korean reported speeches
Rouski, Margarita. "Marqueurs lexicaux de modalités déontiques dans les textes du droit communautaire." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131016.
Full textThe development of a European judicial order based on shared values generates a European expression mode with its characteristic modulation of deontic norms by political aims. The political context in which Community speech develops reinforces the modalisation process in texts. Deontic modality, expressed through the lexicon, is rendered by predicative expressions, such as verbal, nominal and adjectival predicates. These are analysed with reference to predicate-argument theory, on the one hand, and the norm schema on the other. The drawing up of an argument schema appears to reveal secondary predicate relations. The identification of the normative schema makes it possible to isolate the deontic source, the deontic appreciation, the appreciated fact and the addressee of the normative provision. The very nature of subject and object arguments and their dependency relations with the predicate determine how the constituents of the normative provision can be expressed
Mendes, Maillochon Isabelle. "Emergence des modalités de phrase en français : étude morphosyntaxique et prosodique." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H080.
Full textChuang, Yuan-Ting. "Interaction entre le temps, l'aspect et le mode dans les phrases complexes en mandarin moderne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA030018/document.
Full textThis dissertation is a corpus-based study of the tense, aspect and mood (TAM) and the interaction between these three categories in complex sentences in modern Mandarin Chinese. It aims to answer three questions related to the interpretation of temporality in Mandarin: (i) How temporal, aspectual and modal categories are marked and how they interact in complex sentences? ; (ii) What are the differences between the interactions of TAM in complex sentences and those in simple sentences? ; (iii) How is temporal sequence expressed in Mandarin? The temporal theory of Comrie (1985) and the aspectual model developed by Tournadre (2004) will be used as the theoretical framework to analyze the data. In the first part, we first introduce the concepts and theories of TAM used in general linguistics. Then we discuss the linguistic means used in Mandarin to convey temporal, aspectual and modal concepts, and the functioning of these three categories in simple sentences in order to compare it with the functioning in complex sentences. The second part is devoted to the analysis the interaction of TAM categories in various types of complex sentences which include those in subordinate clauses and verbal construction in series
Tuchais, Simon. "Comment dire ce que « je » pense en japonais et en français : Étude contrastive de l’expression de l’opinion personnelle." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0009.
Full textThe goal of this study is to understand the linguistic means of expressing a personal opinion in Japanese, by comparing them with their French equivalents. The first part aims at defining and describing a class of Japanese expressions that play the role of “assertion modulator” indicating a personal opinion. The definition of this class is based on the observation of one particular use of the verb omou (think), with a clause embedded with the particle to. The prototypical expression to omou can be modified in three ways to produce various kinds of assertion modulators : changes may concern the verb (kangaeru, kanjiru, ki ga suru), the type of embedding of the clause (yô ni, ka to V, mono/koto to V), or the use of spontaneous forms (omowareru / omoeru). The second part is a contrastive study based on these results. As a first step, the analysis of a corpus of translations, and the examination of previous studies about the main French expressions used in this corpus, show that a set of assertion modulators that share some characteristics with their Japanese equivalents exists in French too (such as je crois, je pense, je trouve, il me semble. . . ). After a discussion about concepts involved, such as person, modality, and evidentiality, with regard to the different meaning they may have in Japanese and Western linguistics, a contrastive analysis of Japanese and French assertion modulators based on modal and evidential parameters reveals the particular organization of each group
Serpault, Pauline. "Tentative d'analyse énonciative de have to." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC019/document.
Full textThis study explores various uses of have to in contemporary English, relying on empirical data. The analysis is carried out within the framework of the theory of enunciative operations as set out by Antoine Culioli, and aims to identify a set of functional invariants holding across a wide range of contextual meanings. Our formal representations partially build on the operations marked by the verb have and the infinitive particle to, as our analysis suggests that the functioning of have to can be perceived as a product of their combination. These representations also attempt to pinpoint the difference between have to and must, while accounting for the cases in which their meanings seem to overlap
Mélac, Éric. "L'évidentialité en anglais - approche contrastive à partir d'un corpus anglais-tibétain." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030172/document.
Full textThis study aims to give a detailed description of evidentiality in English in contrast with Tibetan. It is based on a specialised corpus collected in Tibet and in England (TSC and CSC/LAC, 2010-2012, 10 h.).Tibetan has a complex and grammaticalised evidential system, and its description can provide a preliminary analytical grid for a semantic assessment of English evidentiality. Athentic examples and quantitative data from the corpus illustrate and supplement the analyses of the Tibetan verb phrase from previous research (Tournadre & Sangda Dorje 1998), in order to lay the foundation of the semantics of evidentiality. The evidential markers that emerge in the Tibetan and English sections of the corpus are examined so as to determine the parameters that motivate their usage. Tibetan evidentials are mainly grammatical and paradigmatised: copulas, verb suffixes and enclitics. English evidentials are either lexical or semi-grammatical: perception verbs, cognition verbs, speech verbs, modals, adverbs, conjuncts, parentheticals and discourse markers (Nuyts 2001a, Cappelli 2007, Sanders & Sweetser 2009, Mortensen 2010, Whitt 2010, Gisborne 2010, Miller 2008, Boulonnais 2010, Gurajek 2010, Kaltenböck et al. 2011, Heine 2013).This survey of Tibetan and English evidentiality provides precise data for the analysis of the consequences of a grammatical or a lexical rendering of this notion (Talmy 2000, Bybee et al. 1994, Nuyts 2001a, Boye & Harder 2009). Qualitative and quantitative evidence illustrates the differences in complexity, optionality, frequency, semantic restriction, speaker commitment, informative status and discourse strategy in the two systems. Finally, this study reassesses the assumed dichotomy between grammatical and lexical evidentiality (Aikhenvald 2004), arguing that evidentials in both Tibetan and English inhabit a lexicon-grammar multidimensional continuum, merely in different positions. This study does not question that the Tibetan evidential system is more grammaticalised than the English one, but it shows that the latter presents all the signs of partial grammaticalisation. This reassessment leads to the conclusion that evidentiality is a relevant and necessary notion for a thorough linguistic description of English
Christiano, Caio César. "Le verbe ter : opérateur de localisation. Étude contrastive des variétés européenne et brésilienne du portugais à partir d’un corpus de traductions." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT5029.
Full textThis corpus-based study aims at comparing the usage of the verb TER (have) in European Portuguese (EP) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP), A corpus, the VPTrad, has been especially compiled for this study and it is exclusively formed by parallel EP and BP texts translated from English and French source texts. In accordance with the Theory of Enunciative Operations, the verb TER is analyzed as a localizer, instead of being considered a simple possessive verb, as is the case in other linguistic approaches. Possession is but one of many of the semantic values that may be attributed to an utterance in which TER operates a localization. Following the semantic theory of Bernard Pottier, we propose a graphic scheme allowing to compare EP and BP constructions. Finally, a new analysis of the pretérito perfeito composto (PPC) – in which TER functions as an auxiliary verb – is proposed: the PPC is reponsible for densifying occurrences in a given time interval, and, contrary to previous analysis, it is not directly responsible for any iterativity or duration interpretations that the utterance might present
Nesta tese, apresenta-se um estudo contrastivo baseado em corpus das utilizações do verbo TER em português europeu (PE) e português brasileiro (PB), Para a realização deste trabalho, foi criado o corpus VPTrad, exclusivamente formado por traduções paralelas de um mesmo texto nas duas variedades do português tendo o inglês e o francês como línguas-fonte. Seguindo-se o quadro de análise da Teoria das Operações Enunciativas, analisa-se o verbo TER como um operador de localização, contrariando algumas correntes linguísticas que o consideram como simples verbo de posse. A posse constitui apenas um dos inúmeros valores que pode assumir um enunciado em que o verbo opera a localização. Baseando-se na teoria semântica de Bernard Pottier, propõe-se um esquema que permite comparar os diferentes valores das construções entre PE e PB. Finalmente, apresentamos uma nova proposta de análise do verbo TER auxiliar do pretérito perfeito composto como causador da densificação de ocorrências em um intervalo, rejeitando a tese de uma iteratividade ou de uma duração provocada pela construção
Barrio, García Alejandra. "L’expression de la modalité épistémique en espagnol : étude diachronique des modalisateurs de doute." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100079/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the creation processes of the modal probability adverbs in the history of Spanish. Thus, from the diachronic point of view, we study, with the help of the Real Academia Española corpora, CORDE and CREA, the main adverbs and adverbial locutions that express the speaker's doubt regarding the propositional content of the statement: por (a)ventura, acaso, quizá(s), puede que, tal vez, a lo mejor, lo mismo and igual. Our research covers practically the whole history of the Spanish language, from the twelfth century, in which quizá is documented, until the twentieth, when the most recent adverbs of probability, lo mismo and igual, arise. These expressions have different origins – verbal constructions, prepositional phrases, etc. – but all function initially as integrated elements in the syntactic structure of the sentence, in which they transmit notions related to chance, temporality, comparison, etc. This work, therefore, is concerned firstly with elucidating the paths followed by these expressions in order to function as probability adverbs and, secondly, it gives account of the relations that lie between these adverbial expressions. Despite their apparent synonymy and interchangeability, these adverbs differ from one another in some respects. In this sense, the diachronic study of the contexts of appearance, the meanings and the functions of the elements that have integrated the paradigm allow us to understand the different nuances and possibilities of use that characterize these expressions once they acquire their role of modal probability adverbs
Esta tesis se ocupa del estudio de los procesos de creación de los adverbios de modalidad dubitativa en la historia del español. Con la ayuda de los corpus de la Real Academia Española, CORDE y CREA, estudiamos desde el punto de vista diacrónico los principales adverbios y locuciones adverbiales que expresan la duda del hablante con respecto al contenido proposicional del enunciado: por (a)ventura, acaso, quizá(s), puede que, tal vez, a lo mejor, lo mismo e igual. Nuestra investigación abarca así prácticamente toda la historia de la lengua española, desde el siglo XII, en el que ya se documenta quizá, hasta el XX, en el que surgen los adverbios de duda más recientes lo mismo e igual. Las expresiones estudiadas tienen orígenes diversos –construcciones verbales, sintagmas preposicionales, etc.–, pero todas funcionan inicialmente como elementos integrados en la estructura sintáctica de la frase, en la que transmiten nociones relativas al azar, a la temporalidad, a la comparación, etc. Este trabajo se ocupa, pues, en primer lugar, de elucidar los caminos que han seguido estas expresiones para llegar a funcionar como adverbios de modalidad dubitativa y, en segundo lugar, de dar cuenta de las relaciones que mantienen estas expresiones adverbiales, ya que, a pesar de su aparente sinonimia e intercambiabilidad, estos adverbios difieren unos de otros en algunos aspectos. En este sentido, el estudio diacrónico de los contextos de aparición, valores y funciones de los elementos que han integrado el paradigma nos permite comprender los diferentes matices y posibilidades de uso que caracterizan a estas expresiones una vez que adquieren su papel de adverbios de modalidad dubitativa
Repiso, Isabel. "Parlons de l'irréel : L’expression de la contrefactualité en français, en espagnol et en italien et par des apprenants hispanophones et italophones de français." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3126/document.
Full textCounterfactual thinking is a universal cognitive process in which reality is compared to an imagined view of what might have been (Kahneman & Tversky 1982). The expression of counterfactuality has been traditionally analyzed from conditional sentences if P (then) Q (Grevisse 1986, Chevalier et al. 1991, Riegel et al. 1994). The present study aims to describe the whole constructions and grammatical devices used when speaking about counterfactual worlds by native-French, Spanish and Italian speakers and by Spanish-speakers learners and Italian learners of French.The study analyzes how 30 Spanish-instructed learners and 30 Italian-instructed learners express counterfactuality in spoken French as an L2 and by what grammatical devices counterfactuality is encoded by one native-French control group, one native Spanish-speakers control group and one native-Italian control group. Guided interviews were conducted in both L2 and L1, in random order. Participants were presented with a story that led to a particular outcome and were asked to provide alternative scenarios that prevented such an outcome to happen (mutation task). The same method was used with the control groups.The more frequent construction in the mutation cores in French is a combination of a past marker and a modal verb (i.e., elle aurait pu choisir toute seule son plat; she could have chosen her own dish). The semantic implications of this type of construction make difficult its acquisition in French L2, since the learner must construct alternative scenarios which denote, in addition, his own subjectivity. The native use of this modalized conditional merges in the most experimented Learners Varieties in terms of immersion and time of studies in French L2.Conditional constructions are not the most frequent way of encoding counterfactuality, neither for the native-French speakers nor for the Spanish and Italian speakers. The non-predominance of the if- clauses to speak about what might have been should hence a delimitation of conditionality as a conceptualization process within irreality
El razonamiento contrafactual es un proceso cognitivo en el que la realidad es comparada con lo que podría haber pasado (Kahneman & Tversky 1982). La expresión de la contrafactualidad se basa tradicionalmente en un análisis de las proposiciones condicionales si A (entonces) B (Grevisse 1986, Chevalier et al. 1991, Riegel et al. 1994). El objetivo del presente estudio es describir la totalidad de construcciones y elementos gramaticales mediante los que los locutores nativos expresan la contrafactualidad en francés, español e italiano y en francés lengua extranjera (FLE).El presente estudio se basa en datos conversacionales obtenidos de dos grupos de aprendices FLE -30 hablantes de español y 30 hablantes de italiano- y de tres grupos de control: francés, español e italiano. Como estímulo hemos utilizado un texto que presenta una cadena causal que desemboca en un final desafortunado (Wells & Gavanski 1989). Tras la lectura del estímulo, hemos pedido a los participantes que propongan varias alternativas para evitar el desenlace desafortunado (tarea mutacional).Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto la tendencia del francés de marcar los núcleos mutacionales mediante la combinación de una marca de pasado y de un verbo modal (i.e., elle aurait pu choisir toute seule son plat; habría podido elegir su plato ella misma). Las implicaciones semánticas de este tipo de construcción dificultan su adquisición en FLE, ya que el aprendiz debe producir un escenario alternativo que signifique su propia subjetividad. El uso de este condicional modalizado emerge en las variedades de aprendiz más experimentadas en términos de inmersión y de estudios FLE.Nuestros resultados prueban que las proposiciones condicionales no son la construcción más frecuente para hablar de lo que podría haber pasado ni en francés, ni en italiano ni en español. La no preeminencia de las condicionales introducidas por si- en la construcción de escenarios alternativos debería acarrear una reflexión sobre los límites de la condicionalidad en tanto que proceso de conceptualización de la irrealidad
Gong, Xun. "Le rgyalrong zbu, une langue tibéto-birmane de Chine du Sud-ouest. Une étude descriptive, typologique et comparative." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCF008/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on Zbu Rgyalrong, a Sino-Tibetan language of the Rgyalrongic branch, and consists of both a phonological and morphological description of the language and a reconstruction of the history of its verb inflection. This thesis aims at descriptive exhaustivity for its phonology and attempts to lay the foundation of a reference grammar, in order to characterize its inflectional morphology in the perspective of general linguistics. Based on the description of this highly endangered language, the thesis contains a diachronic discussion, which contributes to the project of reconstructing Proto-Rgyalrongic, a collective enterprise which has important implications for the reconstruction of Sino-Tibetan as a whole. Notably, a reconstruction is proposed of the time-aspect-modality (TAM) marking system of Proto-Upper-Rgyalrong, the most recent common ancestor of Japhug, Tshobdun and Zbu. This reconstruction provides new perspectives for distinguishing between inherited elements and secondary developments in each Rgyalronguic language, as well as within the kindred Qiangic languages. Also included in the diachronic part is a comparative treatment of some verbs in Zbu, examined with data from other Qiangic and Lolo-Burman languages, which can serve as a model for an etymological dictionary of Rgyalrongic verbs
Balza, Tardaguila Irene. "Syntactic structure and modal interpretation : the case of Basque "behar"." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30070.
Full textThis dissertation is an investigation of the syntactic structure and modal interpretation of clauses involving the denominal necessity predicate behar ‘need’ and an infinitival complement. On the one hand, it analyses the syntactic status of non-finite complements of denominal behar by examining their interaction with syntactic phenomena sensitive to different structural and locality conditions, and concludes that the infinitival complements of behar can correspond to different underlying structures. The largest type of infinitive is a non-restructuring infinitive that projects a full clausal architecture (i.e. a CP), and the smallest one is a reduced restructuring infinitive that projects up to vP. There is evidence for intermediate types projecting up to the inflectional domain (IP/TP). On the other hand, the dissertation examines the thematic and scope properties of the subjects in each of the different structural types and the modal interpretation that they can give rise to. On the basis of this analysis it is argued that modal interpretation is not constrained by any single factor (the presence of restructuring, the referential status of the subject and its relative scope vis-à-vis the modal predicate, among other frequently mentioned ones), but depends on the cumulative effect of several factors working together. The dissertation also shows the necessity of adopting a more fine-grained view of root modality, one that allows a simpler mapping of syntactic structures into modal meanings
Boulares, Lahmar Sabeh. "Étude des erreurs de temps, d’aspect et de mode chez des élèves tunisiens (classe terminale) en français et propositions didactiques." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030089.
Full textThis work is a study of the errors made by Tunisian learners in 4th secondary year (baccalaureate) concerning the mode, tense and aspect, through a very important school exercise namely the essay writing. This work includes three main parts. The first, primarily theoretical, it examines the sociolinguistic situation in Tunisia so that to give an idea about the environment in which our learners-authors develop. In this part also, different elements which are in connection with the questions of mode, tense and aspect in French as well as in Arabic- the mother tongue of Tunisian learners- are advanced. In addition to the linguistic elements described above, this part also includes a presentation of certain key concept mentioned in our work; they are of didactic order; we quote of them those of error, interference, transfer, etc. The second part is devoted to error analysis made by the learners concerning modals, verbo-temporal expressions in their written productions of argumentative texts. This part starts with a description of the noticed errors. Then, a phase of research of the possible origins of these errors is considered in order to try to put forward certain didactic suggestions likely to improve the mastery of the mode, tense and aspect in French by the Tunisian Arabic-speaking learners in the framework of textual production, only that framework that is able to implement all the complexity of the verbal. We keep the third and the last part for some didactic suggestions. Also, this part does comprise an analysis of the new Tunisian manuals, resulting from the last reform of French teaching. It also includes a didactic sequence carrying in particular the writing of an argumentative text and including certain zones of resistance noted at the analysis phase
Krupa, Renata. "Les injonctions en polonais." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040192.
Full textThe analysis of the injunctions in Polish is carried out within the pragmatic and enunciation theoretical framework. The injunction is defined as an illocutionary directive act which aims at the fulfillment or non-fulfillment of the action by the hearer. The author starts by presupposing that there is no shape of statement which conveys in itself the injunctive value. Only the actualizing of a statement in a given context allows to define the injunctive value which appears as a continuum going from soft injunction to categorical injunction. The actualizing in question asks for combination and interaction between the situation of speaking, the various semantic, syntactic, meta-informative and expressive markers, and the taking into account of the extra-linguistic factors. The concept of injunction allows to notice the supremacy of the functional criterion (the purpose of the injunction) over the purely formal criterion (the structure of the injunction). The notion of honorification offers a frame of description allowing to acknowledge the differences between the not-distant domain and the distant domain, which leads to establishing a hierarchy between diverse injunctive uses
El, amer Amani. "Les temps du passé de l’indicatif en français : approche en langue et en discours." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20067.
Full textOur work has for object the times of the past in French (in particular the simple past, the imperfect and the present perfect). The approaches at the time are multiple and they use varied concepts which try to explain the functioning of these forms through of many paradigms. So, the grammar contents with stipulating that the times of the past have for role to place the events in the past time. But, if we confront the traditional theories with the more recent linguistic approaches on semantics of the tenses of the verb, we observe that the use of these times implies at the same time a temporal reference, an aim illocutoire and discursive as well as a psychological and pragmatic attitude. We study in this work the uses in speech of the past time from their values in language by trying to show, first of all, how temporal, aspectual and modal contents interfere and complement each other in the verbal expression of past. We highlight the fact that the choice of the past times is motivated by the way of representing itself the events and by the type of information that the speaker wants to introduce to his interlocutor. The employment of the past times also characterizes particular types of speech and participates in the informative coherence of the text. The treatment of aspectuo-temporal, textual and pragmatic approcaches leads us to adopt the model primarily praxematic for a study of the use of the past times in language and speech in a literary text, Thérèse Desqueyroux of François Mauriac
Verhulst, An. "A corpus-based analysis of root necessity meanings expressed by should, ought to and be supposed to in late 20th century British English." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30047.
Full textThe thesis proposes a detailed analysis of root necessity meanings expressed by should, ought to and be supposed to in late 20th century British English and puts forward a theoretical apparatus for the analysis of the meanings of these verbs that is applied in a corpus-based study. The theoretical part concerns a study of 4 notions that play an important role in the study of root necessity meanings : the expression of temporal information, the source of the necessity, subjectivity and strenght. The lack of clear descriptions of the temporal information communicated by root necessity examples shows that it is necessary to develop a framework that allows us to determine the factors that play a role in the communication of temporal information. Special attention is paid to counterfactual examples ; it is specified how counterfactuality is to be understood as a modal value and which mechanism(s) can produce counterfactuality. Strenght, source and subjectivity are crucial concepts in the field of root necessity but their meaning is often considered self-evident. The dissertation offers a framework that can be used (a) to analyse the nature of the source that can lie at the origin of the necessity ; (b) to analyse the nature of "strong" or "subjective" necessity. The applied part offers a description of the contemporary uses of should, ought to and be suppoded to on the basis of corpus of 1200 examples extracted from the British National Corpus. The semantics/pragmatics interface is a focal point of interest throughout this study : at which (semantic/pragmatic) levels do temporal/strong/subjective/counterfactual interpretations of non-epistemic necessity examples arise ?