Journal articles: 'Balante (langue)'

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Albertsen, Karen, Tage Søndergaard Kristensen, and Jan Pejtersen. "Lange og skæve arbejdstider — kan øget indflydelse bedre balancen?" Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tfa.v9i1.108605.

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arbejdstidens tilrettelæggelse er et af de forhold i arbejdslivet, som har størst indfl ydelse på privatlivet. Artiklen undersøger, hvilken rolle arbejdstidens længde og placering samt graden af indflydelse på placeringen af arbejdstiden spiller for oplevelsen af balance mellem arbejde og privatliv. Desuden undersøges, hvordan oplevelsen af balance mellem arbejde og privatliv ser ud i forskellige familie-typer og for ansatte i stillinger med potentielt grænseløst arbejde sammenlignet med ansatte i andre stillinger. Artiklen konkluderer, at øget indflydelse på placeringen af arbejdstiden har en positiv, men ret begrænset virkning, og ikke ser ud til at kunne mindske de negative konsekvenser af lange og uregelmæssige arbejdstider. Hvis balancen mellem arbejde og privatliv for alvor skal bedres, er det derfor nødvendigt at mindske arbejdstiden for de mest belastede grupper og at reducere arbejdet på 'skæve' tidspunkter mest muligt.

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Bormann, H. "Effects of grid size and aggregation on regional scale landuse scenario calculations using SVAT schemes." Advances in Geosciences 9 (September 26, 2006): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-9-45-2006.

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Abstract. This paper analyses the effect of spatial input data resolution on the simulated effects of regional scale landuse scenarios using the TOPLATS model. A data set of 25 m resolution of the central German Dill catchment (693 km2) and three different landuse scenarios are used for the investigation. Landuse scenarios in this study are field size scenarios, and depending on a specific target field size (0.5 ha, 1.5 ha and 5.0 ha) landuse is determined by optimising economic outcome of agricultural used areas and forest. After an aggregation of digital elevation model, soil map, current landuse and landuse scenarios to 50 m, 75 m, 100 m, 150 m, 200 m, 300 m, 500 m, 1 km and 2 km, water balances and water flow components for a 20 years time period are calculated for the entire Dill catchment as well as for 3 subcatchments without any recalibration. Additionally water balances based on the three landuse scenarios as well as changes between current conditions and scenarios are calculated. The study reveals that both model performance measures (for current landuse) as well as water balances (for current landuse and landuse scenarios) almost remain constant for most of the aggregation steps for all investigated catchments. Small deviations are detected at the resolution of 50 m to 500 m, while significant differences occur at the resolution of 1 km and 2 km which can be explained by changes in the statistics of the input data. Calculating the scenario effects based on increasing grid sizes yields similar results. However, the change effects react more sensitive to data aggregation than simple water balance calculations. Increasing deviations between simulations based on small grid sizes and simulations using grid sizes of 300 m and more are observed. Summarizing, this study indicates that an aggregation of input data for the calculation of regional water balances using TOPLATS type models does not lead to significant errors up to a resolution of 500 m. Focusing on scenario effects the model is more sensitive to input data aggregation as aggregation effects of current data and scenarios partly sum up. The maximum reasonable grid size for scenario calculations decreases to 200–300 m.

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Bedjaoui, Nabila. "Les étudiants algériens face au français." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 11 (August 8, 2018): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2018.17243.

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L’Algérie est le deuxième pays francophone après la France. 132 ans de colonisation ont été suffisants pour implanter cette langue dans l’esprit des Algériens. Après l’indépendance, les français ont certes quitté l’Algérie, mais ils ont laissé derrière eux leur langue qui s’est immiscée jusque dans la langue arabe, et est devenue de la sorte une partie de l’identité du locuteur algérien. L’avènement de l’arabisation, a fait basculer la balance, en imposant l’utilisation de la langue arabe, seule, dans tous les domaines et dans toutes les institutions. Le français est devenu langue étrangère, voire étrange, dans certaines parties du pays. L’université n’a pas été épargnée par ces changements de statut opérés sur la langue française. L’étudiant algérien trouve, désormais, des difficultés à l’appréhender. De ce fait ses études ne se déroulent pas dans de bonnes conditions. Une prise en charge de l’enseignement de la langue française à l’université algérienne s’impose. Algerian students and the French language Algeria is the second largest French - speaking country after France. 132 years of colonization were sufficient to implant this language in the minds of Algerians. After leaving Algeria, the French left behind their language, which has interfered in the Arabic language, and has thus become part of the identity of the Algerian speaker. The advent of arabization has tipped the scales, imposing the use of the Arabic language in all areas and in all institutions. In some parts ofthe country, French has become a foreign language. Algerian students find it difficult to understand. The situation of French has become rather cumbersome. Therefore, it becomes essential to preserve French at Algerian universities. Key words: Algeria; arabization; French; education; specialty; level.

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Antonia, R. A., S. K. Lee, L. Djenidi, P. Lavoie, and L. Danaila. "Invariants for slightly heated decaying grid turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 727 (June 26, 2013): 379–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.217.

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AbstractThe paper examines the validity of velocity and scalar invariants in slightly heated and approximately isotropic turbulence generated by passive conventional grids. By assuming that the variances $\langle {u}^{2} \rangle $ and $\langle {\theta }^{2} \rangle $ ($u$ and $\theta $ represent the longitudinal velocity and temperature fluctuations) decay along the streamwise direction $x$ according to power laws $\langle {u}^{2} \rangle \sim {(x- {x}_{0} )}^{{n}_{u} } $ and $\langle {\theta }^{2} \rangle \sim {(x- {x}_{0} )}^{{n}_{\theta } } $ (${x}_{0} $ is the virtual origin of the flow) and with the further assumption that the one-point energy and scalar variance budgets are represented closely by a balance between the rates of change of $\langle {u}^{2} \rangle $ and $\langle {\theta }^{2} \rangle $ and the corresponding mean energy dissipation rates, the products $\langle {u}^{2} \rangle { \lambda }_{u}^{- 2{n}_{u} } $ and $\langle {\theta }^{2} \rangle { \lambda }_{\theta }^{- 2{n}_{\theta } } $ must remain constant with respect to $x$. Here ${\lambda }_{u} $ and ${\lambda }_{\theta } $ are the Taylor and Corrsin microscales. This is unambiguously supported by previously available data, as well as new measurements of $u$ and $\theta $ made at small Reynolds numbers downstream of three different biplane grids. Implications for invariants based on measured integral length scales of $u$ and $\theta $ are also tested after confirming that the dimensionless energy and scalar variance dissipation rate parameters are approximately constant with $x$. Since the magnitudes of ${n}_{u} $ and ${n}_{\theta } $ vary from grid to grid and may also depend on the Reynolds number, the Saffman and Corrsin invariants which correspond to a value of $- 1. 2$ for ${n}_{u} $ and ${n}_{\theta } $ are unlikely to apply in general. The effect of the Reynolds number on ${n}_{u} $ is discussed in the context of published data for both passive and active grids.

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Johnson, E., D. Floricioiu, E. Schwalbe, R. Koschitzki, H. G. Maas, C. Cardenas, and G. Casassa. "CALVING DYNAMICS DERIVED FROM SATELLITE SAR DATA IN SUPPORT OF MASS BALANCE ESTIMATIONS IN LANGE GLACIER, ANTARCTICA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-3/W2-2020 (October 29, 2020): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-3-w2-2020-125-2020.

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Abstract. We present calving flux, calving rate, frontal retreat and volume change rate results in Lange Glacier from 2015 to 2017, including also velocity calculations in 2015, 2017 and 2018. The peak velocities at glacier front were between 1.0 and 1.5 [md-1] near the center line with a maximum frontal retreat of 100 [m]. The glacier presents almost no volume change rate during the period analyzed and the average ice discharge is 0.026 [km3 yr-1].

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Holko, L., and Z. Kostka. "Impact of landuse on runoff in mountain catchments of different scales." Soil and Water Research 3, No. 3 (October 31, 2008): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/16/2008-swr.

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The paper presents two approaches to the analysis of the impacts of landuse changes on hydrological regime in mountain catchments of northern Slovakia. An intersite comparison of measured data along the Jalovecký creek was used to test whether different landuse can be identified by means of water balance data and characteristics of runoff events. Although the comparison provided extended knowledge of the catchment, the only characteristic which might indicate possible impact of different landuse is the ratio of peakflow to flow at the beginning of the event. Simulations by means of spatially distributed hydrological model showed that different (extreme) scenarios resulted in relatively subtle impacts compared to uncertainties connected with hydrological modelling.

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Macheret, Yu Ya, and M. Yu Moskalevsky. "Study of Lange Glacier on King George Island, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 29 (1999): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781820941.

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AbstractThe results of ground-based radio-echo sounding collected in 1995 and 1996-97 in the drainage basin of Lange Glacier, a tidewater outlet glacier on King George Island, Antarctica, are presented and discussed. Ice-thickness and bedrock-elevation maps, constructed for the upper non-crevassed part of the glacier, show a close relation between its surface and subglacial topography and indicate the main directions of ice runoff from this area where the ice thickness reaches 308 m. A retreat of the glacier front by 1 km since 1956 occurred against a background of climate warming by 1.4°C on the South Shetland Islands during the last five decades, while a neighboring unnamed glacier advanced by 0.6 km and the northern ice-cap margin on King George Island was approximately stationary. To understand the reasons for the different responses of these ice masses to current climate warming in this region of West Antarctica, further studies including mass-balance and ice-velocity observations and numerical modeling are needed.

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Siem, Geir, Andreas Früh, Trond P. Leren, Ketil Heimdal, Erik Teig, and Sten Harris. "Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome in Norwegian Children: Aspects Around Cochlear Implantation, Hearing, and Balance." Ear and Hearing 29, no. 2 (April 2008): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aud.0b013e3181645393.

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Fashae, Olutoyin, and Adeyemi Oludapo Olusola. "Landuse Types within Channel Corridor and River Channel Morphology of River Ona, Ibadan, Nigeria." Indonesian Journal of Geography 49, no. 2 (December 27, 2017): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.12738.

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The importance of river a corridor warrants a well thought out and balanced management approach because it helps in improving or maintaining water quality, protecting wetlands, etc. Hence, this study seeks to identify major landuse types within the River Ona Corridor; examine the impact of these landuse types within the River Ona corridor on its channel morphology and understand the risk being posed by these landuse types. The study is designed by selecting two reaches of six times the average width from each of the four major landuse types that exist along the river corridor. This study revealed that along the downstream section of Eleyele Dam of River Ona, natural forest stabilizes river channel banks, thereby presenting a narrow and shallow width and depth respectively but the widest of all is found at the agricultural zones.

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Zongnan, Zhang, Huang Qinghua, Hao Mingli, Yang Hao, and Zhang Haiying. "Design of a 24–40 GHz balanced low noise amplifier using Lange couplers." Journal of Semiconductors 30, no. 4 (April 2009): 045001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/30/4/045001.

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Hao, Fu. "On English Translations of Classical Chinese Poetry." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 45, no. 3 (November 15, 1999): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.45.3.05hao.

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Abstract There have been numerous classical Chinese poems translated into English since the 18th century, and many of them enjoy more than one version. This article discusses some prominent aspects of English translation of classical Chinese poetry, such as choice of words, syntax, metre and form, and allusion, based on comparative analysis of different versions. In the language of classical Chinese poetry, the prevailing monosyllabic word often tends to be polysemous and the grammatical function of a word more flexible. There are also many grammatical ellipses in its syntax. How does a translator choose the right word and decipher the sentence? In addition, classical Chinese poetry enjoys strict verse forms and rhyme schemes, and has a tradition to employ literary allusions. How can an English version achieve an equivalent effect? To solve such problems, translators in different times and places have made various experiments. But the swing of the pendulum seems not to go beyond the two extremes, rigidly imitating the original form or freely rewriting in another language. Under proper modulation, both methods may score some points. Résumé Il y a eu de nombreux poèmes classiques en langue chinoise traduits vers la langue anglaise depuis le 18ème siècle, et plusieurs d'entre eux ont plus d'une version. Cet article discute de certains aspects particuliers de la traduction anglaise de la poésie classique chinoise tels que le choix des mots, la syntaxe, la versification et la forme ainsi que les allusions, basées sur l'analyse comparative des différentes versions. Dans le langage de la poésie classique chinoise, le mot monosyllabique qui prévaut tend à avoir plusieurs significations et la fonction grammaticale du mot à être plus souple. Il existe aussi beaucoup d'ellipses grammaticales dans sa syntaxe. Comment un traducteur choisit-il le mot exact et décompose-t-il la phrase? En outre. la poésie classique chinoise nous offre une structure en vers et un agencement de rimes très strictes et possède une tradition de l'emploi d'allusions littéraires. Comment une version anglaise peut-elle atteindre un effet équivalent? Pour résoudre ce type de problèmes, les traducteurs à différentes époques et lieux ont effectué des expériences différentes. Mais le pendule ne balance pas en dehors des deux extrêmes, l'imitation rigide de la forme originale ou sa réécriture libre dans une autre langue. Selon la modulation appropriée, chacune des deux méthodes pourrait présenter certains avantages.

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Woodward, Kathleen. "Work-Work Balance, Metrics, and Resetting the Balance." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 127, no. 4 (October 2012): 994–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2012.127.4.994.

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In 1982, a year after i was appointed director of the center for twentieth century studies at the university of wisconsin, milwaukee (I had just received tenure), I met with a program officer at the National Endowment for the Humanities in Washington, DC. “Aren't you a little young to be the director of a humanities center?” he asked. Notwithstanding the inappropriateness of the question, my point is that thirty years later I'm still in the same position, albeit at the Simpson Center for the Humanities at the University of Washington, Seattle. In a sense I haven't moved. I have consistently chosen to remain at this level in university administration, refusing the hierarchical ladder (chair, associate dean, dean, provost, president) in order to stay close to faculty and graduate student research, including my own, and relying on building networks across the campus and the country in order to have influence at my university and beyond. Two anecdotes—I think of them as short stories—illustrate why.

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Farias, Tácito Augusto, and Luiz Eduardo Nascimento Figueiredo. "AS RAÍZES DA TEORIA DA ESTABILIDADE DO EQUILÍBRIO COMPETITIVO DE MERCADO MÚLTIPLO: AS CONTRIBUIÇÕES DE HICKS, SAMUELSON, LANGE E MELTZER." RDE - Revista de Desenvolvimento Econômico 1, no. 39 (April 2016): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.21452/rde.v1i33.3996.

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Este artigo propõe-se a de maneira clara e sucinta traçar os panoramas histórico-institucional e analítico da teoria da estabilidade do equilíbrio competitivo. Usando como elemento de análise a geometria analítica, o cálculo diferencial, pretende-se elabo

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Westby, Carol E., and Rosario Roman. "Finding the balance." Topics in Language Disorders 15, no. 4 (August 1995): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00011363-199508000-00007.

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Chhabra, A., V. Madhava Rao, R. R. Hermon, A. Garg, T. Nag, N. Bhaskara Rao, A. Sharma, and J. S. Parihar. "Energy Balance of Rural Ecosystems In India." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-411-2014.

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India is predominantly an agricultural and rural country. Across the country, the villages vary in geographical location, area, human and livestock population, availability of resources, agricultural practices, livelihood patterns etc. This study presents an estimation of net energy balance resulting from primary production vis-a-vis energy consumption through various components in a "Rural Ecosystem". Seven sites located in different agroclimatic regions of India were studied. An end use energy accounting "Rural Energy Balance Model" is developed for input-output analysis of various energy flows of production, consumption, import and export through various components of crop, trees outside forest plantations, livestock, rural households, industry or trade within the village system boundary. An integrated approach using field, ancillary, GIS and high resolution IRS-P6 Resourcesat-2 LISS IV data is adopted for generation of various model inputs. The primary and secondary field data collection of various energy uses at household and village level were carried out using structured schedules and questionnaires. High resolution multi-temporal Resourcesat-2 LISS IV data (2013–14) was used for generating landuse/landcover maps and estimation of above-ground Trees Outside Forests phytomass. The model inputs were converted to energy equivalents using country-specific energy conversion factors. A comprehensive geotagged database of sampled households and available resources at each study site was also developed in ArcGIS framework. Across the study sites, the estimated net energy balance ranged from −18.8 Terra Joules (TJ) in a high energy consuming Hodka village, Gujarat to 224.7 TJ in an agriculture, aquaculture and plantation intensive Kollaparru village, Andhra Pradesh. The results indicate that the net energy balance of a Rural Ecosystem is largely driven by primary production through crops and natural vegetation. This study provides a significant insight to policy relevant recommendations for Energy Sustainable Rural India.

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Astashina, M. S. "The Language Course is not Just a Book. It is a Complex Set of Educational Components." Язык и текст 6, no. 4 (2019): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2019060409.

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Beyond all doubt a coursebook is a key-element in the lesson preparation for a majority of teachers. It can be defined as “a guide for teachers” because it has special pedagogical recommendations and a developed syllabus with the balance of skills and language practice for learners during a particular lesson. This article highlights issues towards the use of a modern coursebook with interactive components in a classroom, advantages and disadvantages of E-books as well. The findings revealed that the coursebook consists of several elements, which are made not only for working with a teacher but also for self-study. A teacher should not only concentrate on a well-designed syllabus, but also monitor students’ progress and make necessary modifications of tasks and information for learners’ needs. There are at least four strategies that give teachers the idea of working with a coursebook. The paper is expected to broaden teachers’ knowledge about modern coursebooks and E-books.

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Price, Natalia, Mandeep Bahra, David Griffin, Ghaly Hanna, and Anthony Stock. "Cornelia de Lange Syndrome in association with a balanced reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 3 and 5." Prenatal Diagnosis 25, no. 7 (2005): 602–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pd.1210.

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Nguyen, Huong, and Marilyn Abbott. "Promoting Process-Oriented Listening Instruction in the ESL Classroom." TESL Canada Journal 34, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v34i1.1256.

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When teaching listening, second language instructors tend to rely on product-oriented approaches that test learners’ abilities to identify words and answer comprehension questions, but this does li le to help learners improve upon their listening skills (e.g., Vandergri & Goh, 2012). To address this issue, alternative approaches that guide learners through the listening process toward improved comprehension and uency have been recommended in the literature. Based on a review of 6 popular intermediate adult English as a second/foreign language (ESL/EFL) textbooks, we found that most of the listening activities in the texts exemplified a product-oriented approach (testing word recognition or listening comprehension) rather than a process-oriented approach (providing instruction to aid in word recognition and comprehension). To enhance the integration of process-oriented approaches for teaching listening, we provide suggestions for activities to supplement product-oriented teacher-made and textbook activities. We begin with an overview of second language listening theory and research that justi es the incorporation of process-oriented instructional approaches in the ESL classroom. Then we report the results of our textbook review and present examples of recommended activity types that teachers and textbook writers could incorporate into their instructional materials to encourage a balanced approach to teaching listening.Quand les enseignants de langue seconde enseignent l’écoute, ils ont tendance à sefier aux approches orientées sur le produit qui évaluent la capacité de leurs élèves à identifier des mots et à répondre à des questions de compréhension. Pourtant, ce e méthode ne contribue que très peu à l’amélioration des habiletés d’écoute des élèves (par ex., Vandergri & Goh, 2012). Pour aborder ce e question, les chercheurs recommandent des approches alternatives qui guident les apprenants au l du processus d’écoute de sorte à améliorer la compréhension et les compétences. Un examen de 6 manuels populaires d’anglais langue seconde ou étrangère pour adulte a révélé que la plupart des activités d’écoute sont orientées sur un produit (évaluation de la reconnaissance des mots ou la compréhension à l’écoute) plutôt que sur un processus (directives pour aider la reconnaissance des mots et la compréhension). Pour me re en valeur l’intégration des approches axées sur le processus dans l’enseignement de l’écoute, nous o rons des suggestions d’activités pour enrichir les activités créés par les enseignants ou provenant des manuels et qui sont axées sur le produit. Nous commençons par un survol de la recherche et de la théorie qui portent sur l’écoute en langue seconde et qui jus- ti ent l’intégration dans les cours d’ALS d’approches pédagogiques axées sur le processus. Ensuite, nous présentons les résultats de notre examen de manuels et recommandons des exemples de types d’activités que les enseignants et les auteurs de manuels pourraient incorporer dans leur matériel pédagogique pour o rir une approche équilibrée à l’enseignement de l’écoute.

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Stevens, David. "‘Finding the Perfect Balance’." English in Education 32, no. 1 (March 1998): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-8845.1998.tb00141.x.

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Wolfart, H. C. "Choice and balance in Michif negation." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 55, no. 1 (March 2010): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100001390.

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AbstractThe Michif language, while distinct from both Cree and French, combines a largely French-based nominal complex with a largely Cree-based verbal system. The syntax of negation cuts across these dimensions. Declarative sentences in Michif show the Cree-based negatornamôand the French-basednôinterchangeably. (This is also the only context forpas.) Imperatives, by contrast, demand the Cree-basedêkâ (ya) exclusively.In subordinate clauses, Michif permits eitherêkâornô. In Cree, all such constructions require the deontic negatorêkâ. The integration of the two Cree-based negation types and the French-basednoandpasinto a single new system in Michif poses not only problems of constituency and syntactic analysis. It also raises once again the thorny question of balance: Is the imbrication of Cree and French symmetrical, or is one of the two languages dominant?

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Valente, Maureen. "Manual of Pediatric Balance Disorders." International Journal of Audiology 53, no. 9 (June 10, 2014): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2014.921844.

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Fife, Terry d. "Handbook of Balance Function Testing." International Journal of Audiology 35, no. 2 (January 1996): 117–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00206099609071935.

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Schiffman, Harold. "Losing the Battle for Balanced Bilingualism." Language Problems and Language Planning 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 66–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.11.1.06sch.

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der verlorene Kampf um zweisprachiges Gleichgewicht bei den Deutschen in Amerika Diese Studie vergleicht die sprachliche Assimilierung von zwei verschiedenen Konfessionen deutsch-amerikanischer Kirchen, der Evangelischen Synode des Westens (später Teil der Evangelisch-Reformierten Kirche) und der Evangelisch-Lutherischen Synode von Missouri und anderen Staaten, heute allgemein bekannt als die "Missouri Lutheran Church." Trotz ihrer unterschiedlichen theologischen Ausrichtungen hatten diese beiden Körperschaften zunächst der Anglisierung gegenüber eine åhnliche Sprachhaltung eingenommen, im Laufe der Zeit war es jedoch die LCMS (Lutheran Church, Missouri Synod), die der Anglisierung aufgrund ihrer Betonung der theologischen Unverfälschtheit stärker widerstand. Doch nach 1882, als die deutsche Einwanderung das Hoch überschritten hatte und der Zustrom neuer Mitglieder abzunehmen begann, stellten beide Kirchen fest, daB ihre jüngeren, in Amerika geborenen Mitglieder allmählich anglisiert wurden, sodaB die Forderung nach englischsprachigen Gottesdiensten sich deutlicher bemerkbar machte. Beide Konfessionen unterhielten deutschsprachige Gemeindeschulen. Als Folge einer Fehlauffassung vom Wesen der Zweisprachigkeit glaubten sie jedoch, daB der Gebrauch von Englisch als Unterrichtssprache in den Säkularfachern der Erhaltung der deutschen Sprache so lange nicht abträglich sein würde, wie "religiose" Fächer weiter auf Deutsch unterrichtet würden. Die Sprachpolitik dieser Kirchen und dabei ihrer Schulen war versteckt auf Angleichung ausgerichtet, indem die Säkularfacher auf Englisch angeboten wurden und folglich Kinder daraus hervorgingen, die nicht mehr zweisprachig waren mit deutscher Sprachdominanz, sondern bei denen Englisch jetzt sprachdominant wurde. RESUMO La malvenka batalo por dulingva ekvilibro ce la germanaj usonanoj La anglalingvigo de du gravaj uson-germanaj protestantismaj konfesioj interese kontrastas. Malgraü siaj teologiaj malsimiloj, la du eklezioj komence sekvis similajn politikojn pri la angla lingvo, sed poste la Missouri-eklezio, pro sia teologia puremo, pli forte ol la Evangelia Sinodo rezistis la anglalingvigon. Post 1882, tamen, kiam la germana migrado al Usono preterpasis sian pinton kaj la enfluo de novaj anoj ekfalis, ambaü eklezioj rimarkis kreskantajn anglalingvigon ce siaj usone naskitaj anoj kaj postulojn je anglalingvaj ritoj. Ambaü eklezioj funkciigis germanlingvajn lernejojn, sed miskredis ke tiuj lernejoj povas instrui la "laikajn" fakojn anglalingve (kaj nur la "religiajn" fakojn germane) sen dangero al la plua vigleco de la germana. Tiu instrua praktiko estis, tamen, kasa relingvigilo: gi produktis ne germanpreferajn sed anglapreferajn kaj nur provizorajn dulingvulojn.

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GIESING, Cornelia Bernhardette. "“Le loup dans la bergerie”: Narrations et identités des Bijaa, sujets conquéreurs de l’ancien royaume de Kasa en Sénégambie. Hommage à Stephan Bühnen (1950-2015)." Varia Historia 36, no. 71 (August 2020): 361–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-87752020000200005.

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Resumé Cet article présente des narrations bijaa (balanta mané) sur le peuplement, les identités et les divisions territoriales du pays ajaa sur la rive gauche du fleuve Cacheu (Guinée-Bissau) et dans le Balantakunda (Sénégal). Dans ce cas particulier, la possibilité d’intégrer des sources orales et des documents écrits primaires permet de constater une continuité des transmissions depuis le XVIIe siècle à partir des observations des commerçants et témoins directs Lemos Coelho (1669) et Bertrand-Bocandé (1837-1848), des informations du commandant militaire et cartographe Graça Falcão (1894-1897), des Cahiers de recouvrement fiscal à partir des années 1920, et finalement des narrations bijaa sur la fondation des territoires et villages du Jaa. L’ensemble des perspectives, extérieures et locales, donnent l’idée d’une stabilité territoriale à long terme mais aussi d’une énorme fluidité identitaire au niveau des acteurs dominants, bañun/kasanga, mandinka, ajaa. La configuration territoire, sanctuaires, clans/lignages perdure, tandis que les identités ethniques des occupants et conquéreurs successifs se confondent ou superposent. L’article se veut une invitation à des enquêtes - en accord avec de nouvelles approches socio linguistiques (Lüpke, 2018) - sur l’unité culturelle et les mémoires orales partagées par de différents occupants du même espace qui ne parlent pas nécessairement la même langue.

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Normand, Philippe. "Balaise dans la civilisation ou balaise dans la culture ?" Éla. Études de linguistique appliquée 169, no. 1 (2013): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ela.169.0075.

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Hodgeon, Julia. "Editorial: ‘Finding the Perfect Balance’." English in Education 32, no. 1 (March 1998): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-8845.1998.tb00135.x.

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Hermeziu, Cristina. "Le désir de langue. Les dimensions poétique et politique de la diglossie dans le roman « Le jardin de verre » de Tatiana Țîbuleac." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 4, no. 1 (May 13, 2021): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v4i1.22481.

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Still relevant today via mobility and the multicultural environment as the constitutive elements of our globalized societies, the reflections around “the cumbersome problem of the genius of languages” (Cassin 2016) join and enrich the question of living together and building oneself. In the field of literature or human sciences, the thought of the practice of languages in a situation of diglossia has forged an imaginary which often connects the passage from one language to another to a balance of power and a tension of identity. We propose an analysis of the symbolic values of the dilemma between the Romanian language and the Russian language which is at the heart of the diegesis of the novel Grădina de sticlă [The Glass Garden] by Tatiana Țîbuleac. Published in Romanian by Éditions Cartier de Chișinău and translated into several languages, including French and Spanish, the book was awarded the European Union Prize for Literature in 2019. The fictional world and the language of writing describe a symbolic abyss: the author describes in Romanian the fight with the Russian of a Moldovan orphan who is trying to rebuild herself between the two languages. In a very colorful style, the novel deploys a po(ï)etics of “between”, which also has a political dimension.

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Lundén, Maija, and Maarit Silvén. "Balanced communication in mid-infancy promotes early vocabulary development: effects of play with mother and father in mono- and bilingual families." International Journal of Bilingualism 15, no. 4 (December 2011): 535–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006911425816.

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In this longitudinal study on Finnish and Finnish-Russian families, infants’ play interaction at 7 months with each parent was observed during 5-minute play sessions ( N = 96) and predictive relations between co-regulated communication in mid-infancy and language development at 14 months were examined. Parental differences in communication were greater within the culturally diverse Finnish-Russian families than within the culturally less diverse Finnish families. Four family-level communication profiles were identified that differed with respect to how balanced, or similar, infants’ co-regulation with each parent appeared. Three of the profiles were equally distributed across the families, whereas one of the unbalanced profiles was typical for the culturally diverse families. Language exposure and balance of the family-level communication profiles in mid-infancy predicted differences in children’s expressive and productive vocabulary size beyond infancy.

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Fudeman, Kirsten. "Adjectival agreement vs. adverbial inflection in Balanta." Lingua 114, no. 2 (February 2004): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0024-3841(03)00020-2.

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Casselbrant, Margaretha L., Richard J. M. Villardo, and Ellen M. Mandel. "Balance and otitis media with effusion." International Journal of Audiology 47, no. 9 (January 2008): 584–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14992020802331230.

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Vanhove, Jan. "Analyzing randomized controlled interventions: Three notes for applied linguists." Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 135–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2015.5.1.7.

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I discuss three common practices that obfuscate or invalidate the statistical analysis of randomized controlled interventions in applied linguistics. These are (a) checking whether randomization produced groups that are balanced on a number of possibly relevant covariates, (b) using repeated measures ANOVA to analyze pretest-posttest designs, and (c) using traditional significance tests to analyze interventions in which whole groups were assigned to the conditions (cluster randomization). The first practice is labeled superfluous, and taking full advantage of important covariates regardless of balance is recommended. The second is needlessly complicated, and analysis of covariance is recommended as a more powerful alternative. The third produces dramatic inferential errors, which are largely, though not entirely, avoided when mixed-effects modeling is used. This discussion is geared towards applied linguists who need to design, analyze, or assess intervention studies or other randomized controlled trials. Statistical formalism is kept to a minimum throughout.

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Kostrova, O. A. "ASPECTUAL AND DETERMINATIVE BALANCE IN GERMAN AND RUSSIAN." Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvistiki, no. 3 (2019): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20916/1812-3228-2019-3-72-84.

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Furman, Joseph M. "Practical Management of the Balance Disorder Patient." International Journal of Audiology 36, no. 4 (January 1997): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00206099709071976.

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Makhtoumi, Yashar, Simeng Li, Victor Ibeanusi, and Gang Chen. "Evaluating Water Balance Variables under Land Use and Climate Projections in the Upper Choctawhatchee River Watershed, in Southeast US." Water 12, no. 8 (August 5, 2020): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082205.

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Changes in water balance variables are essential in planning and management. Two major factors affecting these variables are climate change and land use change. Few researches have been done to investigate the combined effect of the land use change and climate change using projections. In this study the hydrological processes in Upper Choctawhatchee River Watershed were modeled using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the impacts of climate and land use change. We integrated land use projection based in the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways with future climate data to study the combined effects on Hydrological response of the watershed. Future rainfall and temperature, for two time periods, were obtained using General Climate Models to provide SWAT with the climatic forcing in order to project water balance variables. The simulation was carried out under two radiative forcing pathways of RCP4.5 and RCP6.0. Land use change focused on urbanization dominated the climate changes. Impacts on water balance variables differed seasonally. Results showed surface runoff experienced major changes under both emissions scenarios in some months up to 5 times increase. Among the water balance variables, evapotranspiration (ET) as the least dominant pathway for water loss showed the modest changes with the largest decrease during fall and summer. Projection indicated more frequent extreme behavior regarding water balance during midcentury. Discharge was estimated to increase through the year and the highest changes were projected during summer and fall with 186.3% increase in November under RCP6.0. Relying on rainfall for farming along with reduced agricultural landuse (11.8%) and increased urban area (47%) and population growth would likely make the water use efficiency critical. The model demonstrated satisfactory performance, capturing the hydrologic parameters. It thus can be used for further modelling of water quality to determine the sustainable conservation practices and extreme weather events such as hurricane and tropical storms.

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Laversuch, Iman Makeba. "An Unequal Balance: The Seychelles' Trilingual Language Policy." Current Issues in Language Planning 9, no. 4 (November 2008): 375–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664200802354393.

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Schneider, Daniel J., and James C. Cowan. "D. H. Lawrence and the Trembling Balance." Modern Language Review 87, no. 4 (October 1992): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3731468.

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Ginzburg, Jonathan. "Situation Semantics: The Ontological Balance Sheet." Research on Language and Computation 3, no. 2-3 (July 2005): 363–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11168-006-6329-7.

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Kamwangamalu, Nkonko. "Reflections on the language policy balance sheet in Africa." Language Matters 40, no. 2 (November 2009): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10228190903188567.

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Short, Kathy G. "The Search for ‘Balance’ in Literacy Instruction." English in Education 33, no. 3 (September 1999): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-8845.1999.tb00723.x.

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Piegzik, Wioletta A. "ÉVALUER LES CONNAISSANCES IMPLICITES ET EXPLICITES EN FRANÇAIS LANGUE ÉTRANGÈRE PAR LES TESTS DE JUGEMENT DE GRAMMATICALITÉ : ANALYSE DES OUTILS ET PRÉSENTATION DES RÉSULTATS DE LA RECHERCHE." Neofilolog, no. 54/2 (June 30, 2020): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2020.54.2.2.

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The aim of this paper is to evaluate implicit and explicit knowledge among Polish speaking students studying French as a foreign language in the academic environment. In the first part, we discuss a timed grammaticality judgment test (TGJT) as an instrument for measuring implicit knowledge and an untimed grammaticality judgment test (UGJT) as a tool for evaluating explicit knowledge and we propose solutions to sidestep some of the weaknesses of both these instruments which were observed in our research. The second part focuses on the presentation of the research results, leading to the conclusion that the group of students at A2 level develop implicit and explicit knowledge in a fairly balanced way

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Lammert, Adam C., Jennifer Melot, Douglas E. Sturim, Daniel J. Hannon, Richard DeLaura, James R. Williamson, Gregory Ciccarelli, and Thomas F. Quatieri. "Analysis of Phonetic Balance in Standard English Passages." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): 917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00001.

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Purpose A common way of eliciting speech from individuals is by using passages of written language that are intended to be read aloud. Read passages afford the opportunity for increased control over the phonetic properties of elicited speech, of which phonetic balance is an often-noted example. No comprehensive analysis of the phonetic balance of read passages has been reported in the literature. The present article provides a quantitative comparison of the phonetic balance of widely used passages in English. Method Assessment of phonetic balance is carried out by comparing the distribution of phonemes in several passages to distributions consistent with typical spoken English. Data regarding the distribution of phonemes in spoken American English are aggregated from the published literature and large speech corpora. Phoneme distributions are compared using Spearman rank order correlation coefficient to quantify similarities of phoneme counts in those sources. Results Correlations between phoneme distributions in read passages and aggregated material representative of spoken American English ranged from .70 to .89. Correlations between phoneme counts from all passages, literature sources, and corpus sources ranged from .55 to .99. All correlations were statistically significant at the Bonferroni-adjusted level. Conclusions Passages considered in the present work provide high, but not ideal, phonetic balance. Space exists for the creation of new passages that more closely match the phoneme distributions observed in spoken American English. The Caterpillar provided the best phonetic balance, but phoneme distributions in all considered materials were highly similar to each other.

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Villard, Florent. "Le «SARS» et les maux identitaires chinois. Néologismes, métissage et tradition de la traduction." TranscUlturAl: A Journal of Translation and Cultural Studies 1, no. 4 (February 5, 2011): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.21992/t96g80.

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Dans une Chine contemporaine engagée dans un très important renouveau du discours culturaliste, la langue et l'écriture, en tant que symboles essentialistes de l’identité chinoise, sont aussi l'objet d’enjeux politiques nationalistes. A partir de la querelle autour de la juste appellation à donner au virus du SARS, nous questionnons, dans une perspective historique, la dimension politique et idéologique des néologismes. Il s’agit surtout d’insister sur l’histoire transculturelle des concepts du monde intellectuel et culturel en Chine moderne, et de dépasser l’illusoire opposition discursive entre la posture universaliste et son double culturaliste. Since the mid-1980s, China’s intellectual and political world has been prey to a strong cultural nationalism which has tended to contest or to deny modern history and culture. This paper is a case study which brings to the fore the linguistic quarrel concerning the SARS epidemic which spread over China and part of the world during the Winter of 2002-2003. By discussing this discourse which balances between national identity affirmation and integration in a globalized world, we will try to overcome the triviality of this linguistic quarrel by replacing it in a broader political and historical perspective. This paper aims at insisting on the transcultural history of the modern Chinese cultural and intellectual lexicon helping to overcome the dominant and false discursive opposition between a universalist position and its culturalist counterpart.

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Slavich, PG. "Irrigation using groundwater for watertable control: a model of water and salt balance limitations." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 43, no. 1 (1992): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9920225.

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One of the land management practices for alleviating irrigation waterlogging and salinity in S.E. Australia is groundwater pumping from aquifers to lower shallow watertables. Pumped groundwater may be mixed with channel supply waters to obtain an acceptable water quality then used for irrigation. A model was developed to determine the effect of irrigation using saline groundwater, diluted with channel waters, on nett recharge i.e. the quantity of deep drainage minus the quantity of pumped groundwater. The model was used to assess nett recharge in rice and pasture based landuse by reviewing field studies on groundwater use. Combined with crop salt tolerance data and a leaching requirement model, the nett recharge model enabled both water and salt balance limitations to groundwater pumping to be assessed. Nett groundwater recharge was expressed as a function of the salinity of the groundwater, surface water, and the applied water using two empirical relationships which relate the leaching fraction and the infiltration amount to the salinity of the applied water for given soils and crops. In its simplest form the model equates nett recharge to the difference between the leaching fraction and the relative salinity of the applied water. For low salinity channel water (0.1 dS/m), the analysis for rice indicated that zero or negative nett recharge would only occur if at least half the applied water was pumped from low salinity aquifers (<2dS/m). For white clover based summer pastures, on permeable fine sandy loam soils, more than half of the irrigation water must be pumped from relatively low salinity aquifers (2-4 dS/m). For white clover summer pasture on a relatively impermeable clay loam, an aquifer salinity up to 5 dS/m could be used at high dilution and zero nett recharge achieved.

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Mari, Francesco. "Politeness, gender and the social balance of the Homeric household." Journal of Historical Pragmatics 20, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 263–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhp.00032.mar.

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Abstract This paper focusses on the role of women within the Homeric household (οἶκος, “oikos”) as related to politeness. The social balance of the household has its fulcrum in the relation between the householder and his wife, and the latter has a crucial role in preserving the face of her husband and hence his authority in the oikos. In practice, to preserve his public image within the oikos, householders delegate a core part of their authority to their wives, and in exchange of this wife-characters such as Penelope or the goddess Hera are keen always to stage the subaltern role, which women have in the Homeric society. The paper compares specific examples of similar politeness strategies to the behaviour of Helen in Book 6 of the Iliad (321–356). Helen enacts a reverse politeness strategy aiming to make her husband Paris’s face collapse in front of Hector. By combining Erving Goffman’s concepts of “face” and “social situation” and the Homeric values of τιμή (“timē”) and αἰδώς (“aidōs”) into a framework for studying politeness in the epics, it becomes possible to shed light on the real power balance that – underneath the veil of politeness – characterises the relationship between the householder and his wife in the Homeric oikos.

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Neeleman, Ad, and Fred Weerman. "The balance between syntax and morphology: Dutch particles and resultatives." Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 11, no. 3 (August 1993): 433–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00993166.

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Suhartini, Nita. "THE INFLUENCE OF CONVERSION MODEL CHOICE FOR EROSION RATE ESTIMATION AND THE SENSITIVITY OF THE RESULTS TO CHANGES IN THE MODEL PARAMETER." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 2 (June 14, 2010): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21761.

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A study of soil erosion rates had been done on a slightly and long slope of cultivated area in Ciawi - Bogor, using 137Cs technique. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the applicability of the 137Cs technique in obtaining spatially distributed information of soil redistribution at small catchment. This paper reports the result of the choice of conversion model for erosion rate estimates and the sensitive of the changes in the model parameter. For this purpose, small site was selected, namely landuse I (LU-I). The top of a slope was chosen as a reference site. The erosion/deposit rate of individual sampling points was estimated using the conversion models, namely Proportional Model (PM), Mass Balance Model 1 (MBM1) and Mass Balance Model 2 (MBM2). A comparison of the conversion models showed that the lowest value is obtained by the PM. The MBM1 gave values closer to MBM2, but MBM2 gave a reliable values. In this study, a sensitivity analysis suggest that the conversion models are sensitive to changes in parameters that depend on the site conditions, but insensitive to changes in parameters that interact to the onset of 137Cs fallout input. Keywords: soil erosion, environmental radioisotope, cesium

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Juarros-Daussà, Eva, and Tilman Lanz. "Re-thinking balanced bilingualism." Language Problems and Language Planning 33, no. 1 (April 27, 2009): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.33.1.01jua.

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Traditionally, Catalonia is seen as a successful example of language revitalization, through the achievement and maintenance of a fairly stable Castilian/Catalan bilingualism for the last thirty years or so. Recently, however, Catalonia has experienced significant immigration in the context of globalization. The autonomous government is now supporting an agenda in which Catalan alone is presented as the national language, the language of convergence, while Castilian, despite its long historical presence in the region, is portrayed as one of three hundred languages spoken there today. We examine how this policy interacts with everyday linguistic realities and with a preservationist agenda. Catalan speakers are divided between those who feel liberated from the imposition of Spanish identity and culture and those who fear an exclusivist nationalism which they feel would be anachronistic in the globalized world of today. Spanish speakers, in turn, feel threatened and targeted. New immigrants, coming from all corners of the world, are caught in a climate in which official language policies hardly reflect their own needs. Linguistic policies have to be re-thought to tend to the needs of immigrants while also ensuring the survival of Catalan.

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Laubstein, Ann Stuart. "Syllable Structure: The Speech Error Evidence." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 32, no. 4 (December 1987): 339–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100012445.

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A competence grammar of English must account for the English speaker’s ability to predict the shape of the regular past tense morpheme on the basis of the stem-final segment, faced, for example, with a neologistic verb like*rolkor*glag. But whether efficient processing of known words routinely utilizes this creative ability is another matter. Efficient on-line processing may favour selection from a store over computation. To what extent selection and computation are balanced in on-line production may even be different from the balance required in efficient comprehension.It would appear therefore that not only is behaviour not a criterion for possession of knowledge — it is in fact only one kind of evidence for it — but also that the constructs required in characterizing competence cannot serve as the only criteria for determining the forms of processing. The evidence from both domains can support but not disconfirm the hypotheses of the other. Nevertheless, the grammars being produced within the generative paradigm are beginning to have the requisite richness of detail that must underly the capacity for language use. As such they provide independently motivated and sufficiently elaborate hypotheses regarding the structures and processes underlying production, allowing the production theorist a preliminary distinction between crucial facts and those best considered irrelevant.

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Breen, Mara, Duane G. Watson, and Edward Gibson. "Intonational phrasing is constrained by meaning, not balance." Language and Cognitive Processes 26, no. 10 (December 2011): 1532–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01690965.2010.508878.

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Bilaniuk, Laada, and Svitlana Melnyk. "A Tense and Shifting Balance: Bilingualism and Education in Ukraine." International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 11, no. 3-4 (December 1, 2008): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.2167/beb543.0.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Balante (langue)'

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