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Journal articles on the topic 'Balantidium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Rahman, SM, AR Dey, UK Kundu, and N. Begum. "Investigation of gastrointestinal parasites of herbivores at Dhaka National Zoological Garden of Bangladesh." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 12, no. 1 (2014): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v12i1.21245.

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A total of 52 fecal samples were collected from 21 herbivores at Dhaka zoo during January to May, 2012 to investigate the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of herbivores. Overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 76.9%, of which 61.5% were positive for helminths and 55.8% were positive for protozoa. The identified parasites were Balantidium coli (55.8%), Paramphistomum sp. (36.5%), Fasciola sp. (19.2%), stomach worm (3.9%), Ascaris sp. (1.9%) and Strongyloides sp. (1.9%). Overall prevalence of mixed infection was 42.3%. Mixed infection was observed in the animals such as Butani catt

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2

Picot, Stéphane, and Frédérique De Monbrison. "Balantidium coli." EMC - Biologie Médicale 1, no. 1 (2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2211-9698(06)76262-8.

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3

Oberhuber, Georg, Günter Karpitschka, and Manfred Stolte. "Balantidium coli." European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 5, no. 9 (1993): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042737-199309000-00015.

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4

Pelenio, R. A., V. V. Stybel, and V. O. Ushkalov. "Lipolitical, lisocycle, and hemolitical activity of microflors of pigs intestine, invased in the association of askaris, eyeria and balantidia." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 20, no. 83 (2018): 376–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet8374.

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The changes in lipolytic, lysozyme and hemolytic activity of the intestinal microflora of piglets invaded with the association of ascaris, imyrium and balantidium have been studied. It has been established that among microorganisms isolated from the distal intestine of piglets, lipase is synthesized by Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp., Clostridium sp. and Peptostreptococcus spp., E. coli lact. «-» hem +, Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Candida spp. In pigs affected by ascaris, emerya, and balantidium, the number of strains producing lipase was higher compared to

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5

Cazorla-Perfetti, Dalmiro. "Balantidium coli O Balantioides coli." Revista de Investigaciones Altoandinas -Journal of High Andean Research 20, no. 4 (2018): 491–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.18271/ria.2018.425.

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6

Li, Ming, Jianguo Wang, Jinyong Zhang, et al. "First report of two Balantidium species from the Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus: Balantidium sinensis Nie 1935 and Balantidium andianusis n. sp." Parasitology Research 102, no. 4 (2007): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0795-1.

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7

Bourée, P. "Balantidium coli dans les urines." Médecine et Santé Tropicales 26, no. 1 (2016): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/mst.2016.0561.

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8

Pomajbíková, Kateřina, Miroslav Oborník, Aleš Horák, et al. "Novel Insights into the Genetic Diversity of Balantidium and Balantidium-like Cyst-forming Ciliates." PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 7, no. 3 (2013): e2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002140.

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9

Traviezo Valles, Luis Eduardo. "Balantidium nawaraoi n. sp., en la comunidad warao de Nabasanuka, Venezuela." Revista Medica Sinergia 6, no. 2 (2021): e637. http://dx.doi.org/10.31434/rms.v6i2.637.

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Introducción. Existen más de ochenta especies del género Balantidium, tanto en vertebrados como en invertebrados, de las cuales solo Balantidium coli infecta al humano. Metodología. Se examinó la muestra de heces (líquida) de una paciente de la etnia warao, habitante de la población selvática de Nabasanuka, noreste de Venezuela, en el bajo delta del río Orinoco, LN 09°08’11,9” y LO 061°03’31,2”, analizándola a través de la técnica directa de salina y lugol. Resultados. Se observó el trofozoito de una nueva especie de ciliado, identificándose como Balantidium nawaraoi n. sp., este protozoario e

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10

Hossain, M. Najmul, Anita Rani Dey, Nurjahan Begum, and Thahsin Farjan. "Parasitic infection in captive wild mammals and birds in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 3 (2021): 17889–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5682.13.3.17889-17894.

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We investigated the infection rate of gastrointestinal (GI) parasite eggs and premature stages from different wild animals and birds in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Safari Park, Dulahazra, Cox’s Bazar. A total of 56 fecal samples were collected from 24 species during July to November 2012 using modified Stoll’s ova dilution technique. Coprology analysis revealed that the overall rate of parasitic infection was 78.6%, of which 51.8% were helminths and 35.7% protozoa. The identified parasites were Paramphistomum spp. (7.1%), Fasciola spp. (5.4%), strongyles (26.8%), Ascaris spp. (3.6%), Strongyloide

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11

Schuster, Frederick L., and Lynn Ramirez-Avila. "Current World Status of Balantidium coli." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 21, no. 4 (2008): 626–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00021-08.

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SUMMARY Balantidium coli is a cosmopolitan parasitic-opportunistic pathogen that can be found throughout the world. Pigs are its reservoir hosts, and humans become infected through direct or indirect contact with pigs. In rural areas and in some developing countries where pig and human fecal matter contaminates the water supply, there is a greater likelihood that balantidiosis may develop in humans. The infection may be subclinical in humans, as it mostly is in pigs, or may develop as a fulminant infection with bloody and mucus-containing diarrhea; this can lead to perforation of the colon. Th

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12

Szczotka, A., and Z. Pejsak. "Balantidium coli in PMWS-suspected Pigs." Journal of Comparative Pathology 148, no. 1 (2013): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.11.144.

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13

Pérez-Hernández, Cristian J., Juan Eduardo Rocha-Aguirre, and Rafael Parra-Medina. "Balantidium coli apendicular como hallazgo incidental. Reporte de un caso." Infectio 25, no. 2 (2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.22354/in.v25i2.933.

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Balantidium coli es el único miembro de la familia Balantidiidae capaz de producir infección en seres humanos. Presentamos un caso en un hombre de 43 años que ingresa para corrección quirúrgica de hernia ventral durante la cual se realizó apendicetomía profiláctica. En el estudio histopatológico se observó apéndice cecal con arquitectura conservada, sin la presencia de apendicitis ni periapendicitis. En la luz se reconocieron estructuras grandes (aproximado de 50 μm) redondas con citoplasma amplio con vacuolas grandes, cilias periféricas y núcleos densos, los cuales correspondieron a trofozoit

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14

Lestari, Hani Dwi, and Tri Mulyowati. "Identifikasi Entamoeba hystolitica dan Balantidium coli pada Lalat di Pasar Legi Surakarta." Biomedika 12, no. 1 (2019): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31001/biomedika.v12i1.426.

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Lalat merupakan salah satu serangga yang termasuk ke dalam Ordo Diptera yang kehadirannya dapat mengganggu ketentraman manusia dan sebagai vector mekanik penularan penyakit. Kebiasaan lalat yang menyukai tempat-tempat kotor seperti pasar yang menyebabkan semua bagian tubuh lalat dapat dengan mudah membawa parasit jenis protozoa usus pada tubuhnya seperti Entamoebahistolytica, Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, dan Balatidium coli. Beberapa spesies Lalat mendapat perhatian cukup tinggi di bidang kesehatan. Penyakit-penyakit yang biasanya ditularkan lalat antara lain kolera, diare, disentri, tifus

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15

Marton, Szilvia, Krisztián Bányai, Barbara Forró, et al. "Molecular genetic investigations on Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni Chen, 1955, a parasite of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 64, no. 2 (2016): 213–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2016.021.

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Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni is a common ciliate in Hungary, infecting the hindgut of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a cyprinid fish of Chinese origin. Although data have already been presented on its occasional pathogenic effect on the endothelium of the host, generally it is a harmless inhabitant of the gut. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rDNA and ITS fragments of this protozoan proved that it is in the closest phylogenetic relationship with endocommensalist and symbiont ciliates of mammals feeding on large volumes of green forage, in a similar way as Balantidium spp. known from al

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16

Yu, Peixia, JianRong Rong, Yan Zhang, and Jingjing Du. "Dysentery Caused by Balantidium coli in China." Korean Journal of Parasitology 58, no. 1 (2020): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2020.58.1.47.

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<i>Balantidium coli</i> human infection predominantly occurs in tropical and subtropical regions in the world. Human case is extremely rare in China. This report details a case of <i>B. coli</i> infection in a 68-year-old man in China, who presented with history of abdominal pain, tenesmus, diarrhea with blood and was diagnosed as <i>B. coli</i>-caused dysentery. Our case indicates possible occurrence of <i>Balantidium coli</i>-related disease in cooler climates. This case is presented not only because of its rarity but also for future references

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17

Alves, Luciana Casartelli, Cleide Cristina Apolinário Borges, Sidnei da Silva, Sebastião Enes Reis Couto, and Rodrigo Caldas Menezes. "Endoparasitos em cobaias (Cavia porcellus) (Mammalia, Rodentia, Caviidae) provenientes de biotérios de criação e experimentação do município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil." Ciência Rural 37, no. 5 (2007): 1380–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84782007000500025.

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Foi realizado um levantamento sobre a prevalência e intensidade de infecção de endoparasitos em cobaias convencionais de linhagem Short Hair provenientes de biotérios de criação (A) e experimentação (B) do município do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, avaliando-se a eficácia das medidas de prevenção entre eles. Para a realização do estudo, utilizou-se exame direto de mucosa e do conteúdo intestinal, a técnica de tricromo de WHEATLEY e exames coproparasitológicos pelas técnicas de Ritchie e Kinyoun. Os parasitos encontrados através da técnica de exame direto da mucosa e do conteúdo intestinal e de tricr

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18

Headley, Selwyn Arlington, Elina Kummala, and Antti Sukura. "Balantidium coli-infection in a Finnish horse." Veterinary Parasitology 158, no. 1-2 (2008): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.08.013.

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19

McLeod, Charlie, Pam Smith, Sarah L. McGuinness, Joshua R. Francis, and Robert W. Baird. "Human case of Balantidium infection in Australia." Pathology 47, no. 6 (2015): 603–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/pat.0000000000000313.

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20

Vasilakopoulou, Alexandra, Kyriaki Dimarongona, Anastasia Samakovli, Konstantinos Papadimitris, and Athina Avlami. "Balantidium coli Pneumonia in an Immunocompromised Patient." Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases 35, no. 2 (2003): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0036554021000027023.

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21

Marsden, P. D. "Infections Due to Balantidium coli in Primates." Clinical Infectious Diseases 13, no. 4 (1991): 765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/13.4.765.

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22

WISING, P. J. "Till kännedomen om balantidium coli hos människan." Nordiskt Medicinskt Arkiv 3, no. 3 (2009): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1871.tb00801.x.

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23

Zhao, Weishan, Can Li, Dong Zhang, et al. "Balantidium grimi n. sp. (Ciliophora, Litostomatea), a new species inhabiting the rectum of the frog Quasipaa spinosa from Lishui, China." Parasite 25 (2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2018031.

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Balantidium grimi n. sp. is described from the rectum of the frog Quasipaa spinosa (Amphibia, Dicroglossidae) from Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China. The new species is described by both light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and a molecular phylogenetic analysis is also presented. This species has unique morphological features in that the body shape is somewhat flattened and the vestibulum is “V”-shaped, occupying nearly 3/8 to 4/7 of the body length. Only one contractile vacuole, situated at the posterior body, was observed. The phylogenetic analysis based on SSU-rDNA i

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24

Symeonidou, Isaia, Panagiotis Tassis, Athanasios Ι. Gelasakis, Eleni D. Tzika, and Elias Papadopoulos. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Intestinal Parasite Infections in Greek Swine Farrow-To-Finish Farms." Pathogens 9, no. 7 (2020): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9070556.

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Intestinal parasites, helminths, and protozoa challenge health and welfare of pigs and deteriorate the sustainability of swine farms leading to monetary losses. A multicentric survey was conducted for approximately one year. Overall, 1150 fecal samples were collected from eight intensive farms in Greece at regular intervals and examined by flotation and Ziehl-Neelsen techniques. Age, season, and time of last recorded antiparasitic treatment were assessed as possible risk factors using binary regression models. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitism in pigs was 44.7%. The most frequent

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25

Koopowitz, A., P. Smith, N. Van Rensburg, and A. Rudman. "Balantidium coli-induced pulmonary haemorrhage with iron deficiency." South African Medical Journal 100, no. 8 (2010): 534. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.3592.

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26

Hazarika, Manali, Vijaya Pai H, Vinay Khanna, Harish Reddy, Kriti Tilak, and Kiran Chawla. "Rare Case of Polymicrobial Keratitis With Balantidium coli." Cornea 35, no. 12 (2016): 1665–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ico.0000000000000982.

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27

De Vries, C., G. Vercauteren, K. Chiers, and R. Ducatelle. "Balantidium coli Infection in a Belgian Warmblood Foal." Journal of Comparative Pathology 146, no. 1 (2012): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2011.11.090.

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28

Ponce-Gordo, F., E. Jimenez-Ruiz, and R. A. Martínez-Díaz. "Tentative identification of the species of Balantidium from ostriches (Struthio camelus) as Balantidium coli-like by analysis of polymorphic DNA." Veterinary Parasitology 157, no. 1-2 (2008): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.06.024.

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29

Vásquez Jiménez, Wenceslao, and José Vidal. "Colitis Balantidiásica: A Propósito de un Caso Fatal en el Departamento de Huancavelica." Anales de la Facultad de Medicina 60, no. 2 (2014): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/anales.v60i2.4480.

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Reportamos un caso de colitis balantidiásica en un paciente varón de 60 años, agricultor y criador de cerdos, con un tiempo de enfermedad de 10 d caracterizado por síndrome disentérico que progresó a hemorragia digestiva baja. El diagnóstico se realizó por anoscopía e hisopado rectal. El examen en fresco y el directo-tinción mostraron abundantes trofozoítos de Balantidium coli. A pesar del tratamiento con metronidazol 750 mg cada 8 h, la evolución fue desfavorable. La biopsia post mortem evidenció compromiso pancolónico con ulceraciones múltiples y microperforación de las tres capas colónicas,

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30

Dodd, L. G. "Balantidium coli Infestation as a Cause of Acute Appendicitis." Journal of Infectious Diseases 163, no. 6 (1991): 1392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/163.6.1392.

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31

Lalueza, Antonio, Efrén Salto, Manuel Lizasoain, and José Carlos Meneses. "Sobreinfestación de un quiste hidatídico pulmonar por Balantidium coli." Medicina Clínica 129, no. 19 (2007): 758–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13113290.

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32

Lee, Richard V., Allan W. Prowten, Sidney Anthone, Sateesh K. Satchidanand, John E. Fisher, and Roland Anthone. "Typhlitis Due to Balantidium coli in Captive Lowland Gorillas." Clinical Infectious Diseases 12, no. 6 (1990): 1052–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinids/12.6.1052.

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33

Ferry, T., D. Bouhour, F. De Monbrison, et al. "Severe peritonitis due to Balantidium coli acquired in France." European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 23, no. 5 (2004): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-004-1126-4.

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34

Kapur, P., A. K. Das, P. R. Kapur, and M. Dudeja. "Balantidium Coli liver abscess: first case report from India." Journal of Parasitic Diseases 40, no. 1 (2014): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12639-014-0464-0.

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35

Hussin, AG, and FR Al-Samarai. "Prevalence of Balantidium coli in cattle and cattle breeders in some regions of Baghdad in Iraq." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 45, no. 2 (2016): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v45i2.29807.

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A study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Balantidium coli infection in cattle and their breeders and related risk factors including the gender, age and region. A total of 200 cattle faecal samples were collected from different ages, sexes and regions of Baghdad (Hor-rageb, Abu Ghraib, AL-Jaderiya, AL-Makaseb, AL-Dowanem and AL-Hamdaniaa) and 88 breeder faecal samples from AL-Makaseb, AL-Dowanem and AL-Hamdaniaa during the period from November 2014 to May 2015. The results showed that the prevalence of Balantidium coli were 29.50% and 9.09% in cattle and their breeders, respective

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36

Hermosilla, Carlos, Liliana M. R. Silva, Mauricio Navarro, and Anja Taubert. "Anthropozoonotic Endoparasites in Free-Ranging “Urban” South American Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens)." Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2016 (March 9, 2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7507145.

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The present study represents the first report on the gastrointestinal endoparasite fauna of a free-ranging “urban” colony of South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) living within the city of Valdivia, Chile. A total of 40 individual faecal samples of South American sea lions were collected during the year 2012 within their natural habitat along the river Calle-Calle and in the local fish market of Valdivia. Coprological analyses applying sodium acetate acetic formalin methanol (SAF) technique, carbol fuchsin-stained faecal smears and Giardia/Cryptosporidium coproantigen ELISAs, revealed i

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Bareja, Rajesh, Shinu Pottathil, PremS Grover, and Hazara Singh. "The simplest technique for cultivation and maintenance of Balantidium coli." International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences 4, no. 4 (2015): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2278-344x.167650.

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38

Dhawan, Shashi, Deepali Jain, and Veer Singh Mehta. "Balantidium coli: an unrecognized cause of vertebral osteomyelitis and myelopathy." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 18, no. 3 (2013): 310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.11.spine12519.

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Balantidium coli is a ciliated protozoan parasite that primarily infects primates and pigs. It is the largest protozoan to infect humans and is a well-known cause of diarrhea and dysentery. Extraintestinal disease is uncommon, and extraintestinal spread to the peritoneal cavity, appendix, genitourinary tract, and lung has rarely been reported. The authors describe a case of vertebral osteomyelitis with secondary cervical cord compression caused by B. coli. The patient was a 60-year-old immunocompetent man presenting with quadriplegia of short duration. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervica

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39

Cermeño, Julman Rosiris, Isabel Hernández de Cuesta, Orlando Uzcátegui, Javier Páez, Mario Rivera, and Norka Baliachi. "Balantidium coli in an HIV-infected patient with chronic diarrhoea." AIDS 17, no. 6 (2003): 941–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200304110-00030.

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Chistyakova, Lyudmila V., Alexei Yu Kostygov, Olga A. Kornilova, and Vyacheslav Yurchenko. "Reisolation and redescription of Balantidium duodeni Stein, 1867 (Litostomatea, Trichostomatia)." Parasitology Research 113, no. 11 (2014): 4207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-014-4096-1.

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41

Wannas, H. Y. "Prevalence of Gastro-intestinal Parasites in Horses and Donkeys in Al Diwaniyah Governorate." Al-Qadisiyah Journal of Veterinary Medicine Sciences 11, no. 1 (2012): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.29079/vol11iss1art183.

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The study was included hundred of fecal samples of horses and donkeys (44 horses and 56 donkeys) males and females at age (2-6) years were collected from the period (1/11/2009– 30/10/2010). The parasites were encounter in 100% of horses and donkeys. Among the parasites that detected in horses, the prevalence of Strongylidae, Parascaris equorum, Strongyloides westri, Trichostrongylus axei, Oxyuris equi Cryptosporidium spp., Balantidium coli and Eimeria spp. were 50% , 40.90%, 22.72%, 25% ,11.36%, 20.45% 15.90% 6.81% respectively. In donkeys, the prevalence of Strongylidae, Parascaris equorum, S

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van Woerden, Hugo Cornelis, Rafael Martínez-Girón, and Cristina Martínez-Torre. "Protozoan Cysts in Faecal Pellets of German Cockroaches (Blattella germanica), with Particular Emphasis on Lophomonas blattarum." Acta Parasitologica 65, no. 4 (2020): 831–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-020-00213-2.

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Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate protozoan cysts and oocyts in the faecal pellets of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica), with emphasis on the prevalence of Lophomonas blattarum. Methods Thirty adult Blattella germanica (12 males; 18 females) were trapped near Madrid, Spain. Expelled faecal pellets were collected in the laboratory over 5 days in two plastic containers. Protozoan cysts from one container were weighted and those in the other used for morphologically identification. Results Protozoan cysts/oocysts per gram of faecal pellet were: Nyctotherus sp. (0.

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EBBERT, M. A., W. C. McGREW, and L. F. MARCHANT. "Differences between chimpanzee and baboon gastrointestinal parasite communities." Parasitology 142, no. 7 (2015): 958–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182015000104.

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SUMMARYCross-species infection among humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and baboons (Papio spp.) is potentially a significant public health issue in Africa, and of concern in the conservation of P. troglodytes. However, to date, no statistical comparisons have been made between the prevalence, richness and composition of parasite communities in sympatric populations of baboons and P. troglodytes. We compared parasite communities in sympatric P. troglodytes and Papio papio living in a wilderness site, in the Republic of Senegal, West Africa. We asked whether, in the absence of humans, there

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Lalremruati, Phoebe, and G. S. Solanki. "Prevalence and seasonal variation of gastrointestinal parasites among captive Northern Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca leonina (Mammalia: Primates: Cercopithecidae)." Journal of Threatened Taxa 12, no. 3 (2020): 15370–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.5050.12.3.15370-15374.

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A study on the prevalence and seasonal variations of gastrointestinal parasites of 12 captive Pig-tailed Macaques Macaca leonina housed at Aizawl Zoological Park, Mizoram, India, was conducted. Fresh stool samples were collected on a monthly basis from the study animals was grouped for two seasons—summer (April–June 2017) and monsoon (July–September 2017). Samples were stored in 10% formalin until further processing. Three methods—direct smear, faecal floatation, and faecal sedimentation were used. Two categories of parasites—protozoa and nematodes were recorded. Balantidium coli, a protozoa,

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Hasan, T., S. Mazumder, M. M. Hossan, M. S. Hossain, N. Begum, and P. Paul. "PREVALENCE OF PARASITIC INFECTIONS OF GAME BIRDS IN DHAKA CITY CORPORATION, BANGLADESH." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 16, no. 1 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v16i1.37366.

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Game birds are silent controller of maintaining ecological balance. To study the prevalence of intestinal parasites in game birds, a total of 60 birds (budgerigar, parrot, cockatoo, dove, turkey and teeter) were collected from several places of Dhaka Municipality area, during the period of June 2017 to November, 2017. Alongside the effects of age, sex, season and treatment on the prevalence of parasitic infection in game birds were studied. Coprologic analysis revealed that the overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was 45%, of which 21.67% of Ascaridia galli, 10% for Balantidium

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Zhao, Weishan, Ming Li, Fan Xiong, et al. "Identification of Intracellular Bacteria in the Ciliate Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni (Ciliophora, Litostomatea)." Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 67, no. 4 (2020): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12791.

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Hase, P. B., S. U. Digraskar, G. R. Gangane, B. W. Narladakar, and S. V. Razawi. "Balantidium and Toxocara infection in Lion (Panthera leo) - A case report." Zoos' Print Journal 22, no. 5 (2007): 2674. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.1600.2674.

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NAKAUCHI, Kiyoshi. "The Prevalence of Balantidium coli Infection in Fifty-Six Mammalian Species." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 61, no. 1 (1999): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.61.63.

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IJzer, J., and M. van Zijll Langhout. "Hidden Balantidium coli in a Western Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)." Journal of Comparative Pathology 174 (January 2020): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.10.186.

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Nilles-Bije, Ma Lourdes, and Windell L. Rivera. "Ultrastructural and molecular characterization of Balantidium coli isolated in the Philippines." Parasitology Research 106, no. 2 (2009): 387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-009-1673-9.

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