To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis.

Journal articles on the topic 'Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 45 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Widodo, Tri. "Purchasing Power Parity and Productivity-Bias Hypothesis." Review of Economic and Business Studies 8, no. 2 (2015): 9–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rebs-2016-0001.

Full text
Abstract:
AbstractThis paper examines the purchasing power parity (PPP) theorem adjusted the “productivity-bias hypothesis” or the Balassa-Samuelson effect (Balassa, 1964; Samuelson, 1964) for eight East Asian countries including Japan, New Industrializing Economies (NIE-3: Singapore; Hong Kong, China; and Korea), the ASEAN-3 (Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). This paper applies three methods of analysis i.e. univariate time series, multivariate regression and Johansen multivariate cointegration. The three methods give the same conclusions. First, the PPP
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Ávila Montealegre, Oscar Iván, Mauricio Rodríguez Acosta, and Hernando Zuleta González. "The Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis and Elderly Migration." Ensayos sobre Política Económica 32, no. 74 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0120-4483(14)70023-5.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ishaq, Maryam, Félix Puime-Guillén, Raquel Fernández-González, and Joanna Duda. "Revisiting Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis for Asia – A Critical Appraisal of Literature." Problemy Zarządzania - Management Issues 2023, no. 1(99) (2023): 23–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7172/1644-9584.99.2.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose: The present study is aimed at presenting a critical appraisal of the empirical literature on the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis for emerging and developing Asian countries. Design/methodology/approach: A critical appraisal of the relevant studies is carried out across various important dimensions of the empirical estimation of the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis including the scheme of sectoral division followed, definitions and proxy variables used for constructing real exchange rate and price series, choice of output and employment series and their subsequent transformation, empirical me
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

DeLoach, Stephen B. "More Evidence in Favor of the Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis." Review of International Economics 9, no. 2 (2001): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9396.00283.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

He, Yugang, and Yong-Jae Choi. "A Study on the Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis : Evidence from China." JOURNAL OF ASIAN STUDIES 21, no. 1 (2018): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21740/jas.2018.02.21.1.1.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Thomas, Alastair, and Alan King. "The Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis in the Asia-Pacific Region Revisited*." Review of International Economics 16, no. 1 (2007): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2007.00730.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Tintin, Cem. "Does the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis still work? Evidence from OECD countries." International Journal of Sustainable Economy 6, no. 1 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijse.2014.058515.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Lee, Jeong-Joon. "Persistent wage differential and its implications on the Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis." Applied Economics Letters 12, no. 10 (2005): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850500166204.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Wang, Weiguo, Jing Xue, and Chonghua Du. "The Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis in the developed and developing countries revisited." Economics Letters 146 (September 2016): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2016.07.020.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Proskurnina, Nadiia, Jürgen Kähler, and Rosario Cervantes-Martinez. "The impact of real exchange rates on price competitiveness in Eastern European countries." Economics of Development 19, no. 1 (2020): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ed.19(1).2020.05.

Full text
Abstract:
The subject of this paper is empirical research on studies of exchange rates in Eastern European countries, such as Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Croatia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, (North) Macedonia, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia, in order verify the validity of theories that explain these changes. This research aims to explain the mixed evidence of the Balassa-Samuelson effect in Ukraine, taking into account the intentions of Ukraine to become a member of the European Union. Unlike previous works, the atte
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

AY, Ahmet. "THE VALIDITY OF BALASSA SAMUELSON HYPOTHESIS: DYNAMIC PANEL DATA METHODS TOWARD OECD COUNTRIES." International Journal of Social Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR) 4, no. 8 (2017): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.33.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Wang, Weiguo, Jing Xue, and Chonghua Du. "The data of GDP and exchange rate used in the Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis." Data in Brief 9 (December 2016): 594–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2016.09.044.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Chong, Yanping, Òscar Jordà, and Alan M. Taylor. "THE HARROD-BALASSA-SAMUELSON HYPOTHESIS: REAL EXCHANGE RATES AND THEIR LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM*." International Economic Review 53, no. 2 (2012): 609–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2012.00694.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Tubadji, Annie, and Peter Nijkamp. "Revisiting the Balassa–Samuelson effect: International tourism and cultural proximity." Tourism Economics 24, no. 8 (2018): 915–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816618781468.

Full text
Abstract:
This article focuses on a neglected part of the well-known Balassa–Samuelson (B-S) effect in international trade, namely, the specific role of tourism in equilibrating the purchasing power parities across areas. The article aims to highlight in particular the cultural bias in destination choice by foreign tourists and its importance as a barrier for eradicating economic inequality between countries. We consider international tourism here as a mixed type of tradable service that leads to – short-time, but potentially massive – cross-border movements of people that can impact income redistributi
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Choudhri, Ehsan U., and Lawrence L. Schembri. "Productivity, the Terms of Trade, and the Real Exchange Rate: Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis Revisited." Review of International Economics 18, no. 5 (2010): 924–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9396.2010.00917.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Chowdhury, Khorshed. "The real exchange rate and the Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis in SAARC countries: an appraisal." Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 17, no. 1 (2012): 52–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2012.640000.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

García Solanes, José, and Fernando Torrejón Flores. "The Balassa–Samuelson Hypothesis in Developed Countries and Emerging Market Economies: Different Outcomes Explained." Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal 3, no. 2009-2 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2009-2.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Ishaq, Maryam, Ghulam Ghouse, and Muhammad Ishaq Bhatti. "Another Prospective on Real Exchange Rate and the Traded Goods Prices: Revisiting Balassa–Samuelson Hypothesis." Sustainability 14, no. 13 (2022): 7529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14137529.

Full text
Abstract:
This paper proposes a new variant and reinvestigates the validity of the Balassa–Samuelson (BS) hypothesis for nine East and South Asian countries under new specifications. The BS hypothesis is often criticized for one of its fundamental, but oversimplified assumptions related to Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) holding which can be confirmed for cronss-country tradables’ prices, implying nontraded-sector prices are solely responsible for inducing trend deviations in real exchange rate. The assumption, when empirically tested, does not always hold valid, revealing a price difference in tradables
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Drine, Imed, and Christophe Rault. "Do panel data permit the rescue of the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis for Latin American countries?" Applied Economics 35, no. 3 (2003): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0003684022000015838.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Egert, Balazs. "The Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis in Estonia: Oil Shale, Tradable Goods, Regulated Prices and Other Culprits." World Economy 28, no. 2 (2005): 259–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.2005.00640.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

HASSAN, A. F. M. KAMRUL, and RUHUL SALIM. "DOES THE BALASSA–SAMUELSON THEORY EXPLAIN THE LINK BETWEEN RELATIVE POPULATION GROWTH AND PURCHASING POWER PARITY?" Singapore Economic Review 58, no. 01 (2013): 1350007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590813500070.

Full text
Abstract:
Relative population growth affects relative prices through the so-called Balassa–Samuelson (BS) mechanism and that in turn impacts PPP. This paper empirically investigates the relationship between the PPP exchange rate and relative population growth in a panel of 80 selected countries. Following the BS hypothesis, this paper argues that relative population growth affects nominal wages that impact price levels and thereby impacts PPP. Using panel cointegration and fully modified ordinary least square (FMOLS), the empirical results show that there is a stable relationship between PPP exchange ra
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Jabeen, Sunila, Waseem Shahid Malik, and Azad Haider. "Testing the Harrod Balassa Sameulson Hypothesis: The Case of Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 50, no. 4II (2011): 379–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v50i4iipp.379-399.

Full text
Abstract:
For a small open economy of Pakistan, exchange rate is determined through the two alternative theories; the nominal theory of exchange rate named by Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and the real theory known as Harrod Balassa Sameulson (HBS). According to the requirements of theories, two kinds of real exchange rate have been employed for the yearly data of 1972-2008. As, both of the theories are disputed at the ground of their long run relationship with real exchange rate, therefore, the VAR based Johenson Co-integration approach has been utilised to see the long run relationships. PPP has shown
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Pattichis, Charalambos, and Mona Kanaan. "The Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis and Oil Price Shocks in a Small Open Economy: Evidence from Cyprus." Open Economies Review 15, no. 1 (2004): 45–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:open.0000009424.34810.0a.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

DUMRONGRITTIKUL, TAYA. "Real Exchange Rate Movements in Developed and Developing Economies: A Reinterpretation of the Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis*." Economic Record 88, no. 283 (2012): 537–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.2012.00830.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Jangam, Bhushan Praveen, and Badri Narayan Rath. "Does productivity drive the real exchange rate movements? A re-examination of the Balassa–Samuelson hypothesis." Journal of Economic Studies 47, no. 5 (2020): 1093–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-05-2019-0197.

Full text
Abstract:
PurposeThe primary purpose of this study is to examine whether the classification of industries into the tradable and nontradable matters for the Balassa–Samuelson (BS) effect.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses annual data for 38 countries from 1995 to 2014. To examine whether the classification of industries matter, the study proceeds with two approaches, that is, “traditional” and “benchmark”.FindingsFirst, by applying panel cointegration tests of Pedroni and Westerlund, the results validate the BS hypothesis. However, the coefficients of long-run elasticities show appreciation of rea
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Njindan Iyke, Bernard, and Nicholas M. Odhiambo. "An empirical test of the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis: Evidence from eight middle-income countries in Africa." Economic Systems 41, no. 2 (2017): 297–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2016.10.001.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Egert, Balazs. "Investigating the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis in the transition: Do we understand what we see? A panel study." Economics of Transition 10, no. 2 (2002): 273–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0351.00112.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Camba-Crespo, Alfonso, José García-Solanes, and Fernando Torrejón-Flores. "Current-Account Imbalances, Real Exchange-Rate Misalignments, and Output Gaps." Economics 16, no. 1 (2022): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/econ-2022-0021.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This study analyzes the relationships between domestic and foreign output gaps, current-account imbalances, and real effective exchange-rate (REER) misalignments. We first set up a theoretical framework based on the elasticities and absorption approaches of the balance of payments to derive and clarify these relationships. Next, we perform panel VAR estimates in a sample of 18 advanced economies between 1986 and 2017. We find an inverse relationship between domestic output gaps and current accounts with reciprocal influences between the two variables. Moreover, we observe that increas
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Drine, Imed, and Christophe Rault. "A Re-examination of the Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis Using Recent Panel Data Unit-Root and Cointegration Tests: Evidence from MENA Countries." African Development Review 15, no. 2-3 (2003): 106–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2003.00067.x.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Mohammad, Rashed Yadgari, and Zarif Yadgari Mohammad. "Currency Crosscurrents: Nominal Exchange Rate and US Economic Growth (1960-2024)." Social Science and Human Research Bulletin 02, no. 02 (2025): 32–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14849624.

Full text
Abstract:
This research delves into the intricate relationship between nominal exchange rate and US GDP growth from 1960 to 2024. This study establishes a comprehensive analytical foundation through the lens of key theoretical frameworks, including the Marshall-Lerner condition, the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis, and the monetary policy transmission mechanism. Rigorous pre-estimation tests and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model reveal that exchange rates have a substantial long-term positive impact on GDP growth, validating concepts such as import substitution and the J-curve effect. Convers
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Bozhechkova, A. V., S. G. Sinelnikov-Murylev, and P. V. Trunin. "Factors of the Russian ruble exchange rate dynamics in the 2000s and 2010s." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 8 (August 3, 2020): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2020-8-5-22.

Full text
Abstract:
The article discusses the key factors of the ruble exchange rate dynamics, analyzes the features of Russian currency market in the context of inflation targeting and the application of the budget rule. The basic theoretical approaches to modeling the dynamics of real and nominal exchange rates are presented, including behavioral models of the exchange rate, the monetary model of the exchange rate, and the hypothesis of uncovered interest parity. The most important factors of long-term and short-term dynamics of the exchange rate are revealed. The results of an econometric evaluation of the mod
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Loría, Eduardo, and Lorenzo Nalin. "Mexico: Determinants of the real exchange rate, 2001.01–2022.12." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (2023): e0286331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286331.

Full text
Abstract:
We estimate the determinants (terms of trade, tradable to non-tradable price differentials, interest rate differentials, forward exchange rate and risk premium) of the Mexican bilateral real exchange rate (q) for the short and long run by using an Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL, Pesaran and Shin et al. (2001)) for Mexico (2001.01–2022.12). The inclusion of commercial and financial variables and finding empirical evidence of cointegration only for 2009.01–2022.12 are the main contributions. Our results indicate no cointegrating relationship either for the entire sample, or for 2001.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Urzúa, Carlos M. "The Balassa-Samuelson and the capital-intensity hypotheses in a nutshell." Research in Economics 74, no. 4 (2020): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2020.10.003.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Zuleta, Hernando, Oscar Avila, and Mauricio Rodriguez. "The Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis and Elderly Migration." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1502947.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Sági, Judit. "MEASUREMENT OF THE EXCESS INFLATION IN THE BALASSA SAMUELSON MODEL IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE SOUTH CAUCASUS." Journal of Mathematical Sciences, April 25, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10958-025-07690-8.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract Catching-up economies are experiencing excess inflation, as revealed by the Balassa-Samuelson hypothesis. In this study, we give an estimate for the BS effect, by applying the model to Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia throughout a three-decade period starting in 1993 and ending in 2022. Our results confirm the persistence of the BS effect, in consistence with the assumptions of the inflation targeting framework of these countries’ monetary authorities. The theory of the Balassa-Samuelson effect also implies that within their floating exchange rate regimes, these countries are experien
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Josheski, Dushko, Cane Koteski, and Darko Lazarov. "Empirical Testing of Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis with German and UK Data." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1935644.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
37

Égert, Balázs. "Investigating the Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis in Transition: Do We Understand What We See?" SSRN Electronic Journal, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1015700.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
38

Ghosh, Saurabh, Siddhartha Nath, and Sauhard Srivastava. "Productivity and real exchange rates for India: does Balassa-Samuelson effect explain?" Indian Growth and Development Review, January 27, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-11-2022-0130.

Full text
Abstract:
Purpose This study aims to explore the long-run equilibrium relationship between India’s real exchange rate and sectoral productivity trends using internationally comparable KLEMS databases on productivity for India, China, Euro area, the USA, the UK and Japan. Design/methodology/approach This study uses pooled mean group estimations for panel data suggested by Pesaran et al. (1999). This method is chosen because of the presence of variables with different orders of integration. Findings The results find support for an “extended” Balassa–Samuelson (BS) hypothesis which allows labour market fri
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
39

Omojimite, Benson U., and Victor E. Oriavwote. "Real Exchange Rate and Macroeconomic Performance: Testing for the Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis in Nigeria." International Journal of Economics and Finance 4, no. 2 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v4n2p127.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
40

Egert, Balazs. "Investigating the Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis in the Transition: Do We Understand what We See?" SSRN Electronic Journal, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.311968.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
41

García-Solanes, José, and Fernando Torrejón-Flores. "The Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis in Developed Countries and Emerging Market Economies: Different Outcomes Explained." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1723632.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
42

Rault, Christophe, and Imed Drine. "Does the Balassa-Samuelson Hypothesis Hold for Asian Countries? An Empirical Analysis using Panel Data Cointegration Tests." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.337100.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
43

KARASOY, Alper. "Validating The Productivity Bias Hypothesis: Evidence from Selected Emerging Market Economies." Verimlilik Dergisi, September 24, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51551/verimlilik.1309639.

Full text
Abstract:
Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, seçilmiş 10 büyük yükselen piyasa ekonomisinde verimlilik yanlılığı hipotezinin (VYH) geçerliliğini 1991-2021 dönemi için test etmektir.
 
 Yöntem: Bu araştırmada yatay kesit bağımlılığını dikkate alan panel veri analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda öncelikle birim-kök testiyle kullanılan değişkenlerin (nispi verimlilik ve reel döviz kuru) durağanlık dereceleri belirlenmiştir. Sonraki aşamada kesirli frekanslı esnek Fourier yapılı panel eş-bütünleşme testiyle modeldeki değişkenlerin eş-bütünleşik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmanın son aşaması
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
44

Costa, Alex, Vittorio Galletto, Jaume Garcia, Josep Lluís Raymond, and Daniel Sánchez-Serra. "The impact of estimated sub-national purchasing power parity on macroeconomic measures1." Statistical Journal of the IAOS, June 23, 2022, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-220934.

Full text
Abstract:
Due to the lack of Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) at sub-national level, regional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) figures have been traditionally adjusted using national PPPs. The simplifying assumption that there are no regional differences in a country, and implicitly that all regions of a country have the same cost of living, might lead to regional GDP figures (adjusted for national PPPs) that are biased and might limit the design and implementation of regional policies. This paper tries to overcome this problem by estimating PPPs at sub-national level for OECD countries (TL2 regions) and EU
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
45

Periola, Ololade. "Sectoral productivity and real exchange rate effects of remittances: evidence from Nigeria." Future Business Journal 11, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00496-9.

Full text
Abstract:
Abstract This study examines the impact of remittances on Nigeria’s real exchange rate and the productivity of its tradable and non-tradable sectors. Drawing on the Dutch Disease Model and the Balassa–Samuelson Effect, the research investigates how remittance inflows influence economic dynamics in a developing, oil-dependent economy. Using annual data from 1980 to 2022 obtained from the World Development Indicators and the Central Bank of Nigeria, the study employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to analyse both short- and long-term effects. The results reveal a complex rela
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!