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Academic literature on the topic 'Bali (Indonesia : Province) Social life and customs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Bali (Indonesia : Province) Social life and customs"
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Wiranata, I. Gede AB, and Diane Eka Rusmawati. "Implementation of Corporate Social Responsibility (Case Study on Village Credit Institutions in Bali Province)." Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 5, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2022.v05i03.002.
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The existence of corporate social responsibility is no longer a relevant issue in the midst of globalization. In fact, corporate social responsibility is a top priority for business leaders in all countries in order to build synergies between the business world and the community in which the company carries out its business activities. This study aims to (1) analyze the concrete forms of implementing corporate social responsibility at village credit institutions in Bali Province, especially on the social life of its customers, (2) analyze the legal basis for implementing corporate social responsibility at village credit institutions in Bali Province, (3 ) the extent to which compliance with the application and sanctions of customary law in realizing corporate social responsibility at village credit institutions in the province of Bali. This research case study uses an Ethnographic Research/Sociolegal Research approach and a statutory approach in a qualitative research paradigm at the Village Credit Institution in Bali Province. Respondents were determined using the snowbolling system technique for customers of village credit institutions and traditional leaders as well as the Hindu Religious Parisadha Council. Data analysis used qualitative analysis. The implementation of corporate social responsibility has generally been implemented in most of the Village Credit Institutions in Bali, but the orientation is more on increasing socio-religious culture. This obligation is prioritized over the existence of a traditional village/Pakeraman Village according to the embodiment of Tri Hita Karana, namely the harmony of life between others, the harmony of life with the Creator, and harmony with other creatures. This is a reflection of obedience to the implementation of religious law and local wisdom adopted as living law. This study recommends to legislators that the preparation of laws related to corporate social responsibility can adopt the local wisdom of the people of various ethnic groups in Indonesia. This local wisdom is reflected in community values that grow, live and develop in reality in society.
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Junaedi, I. Wayan Ruspendi, I. Wayan Damayana, Dermawan Waruwu, and I. Gusti Bagus Rai Utama. "Indigenous Peoples' Economic Empowerment Model as a Strategy in Accelerating National Economic Development." Technium Social Sciences Journal 13 (October 14, 2020): 168–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v13i1.1838.
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Customary-based economic institutions aim to maintain the local wisdom of the community and accelerate national economic development. The economic life of the community has increased welfare through the empowerment of their customs. In the first year (2019) conducted research on indigenous peoples in 3 provinces: Bali which succeeded in developing the Village Credit Institution (LPD), the Batak indigenous people in North Sumatra succeeded in developing CU Ate Keleng, and the indigenous Dayak people in Central Kalimantan succeeded in developing CU Betang Asi. In the 2nd year (2020) conducted research on the indigenous peoples of 3 provinces: Betawi in DKI Jakarta which succeeded in developing the service cooperative "Jakarta Tentram Sejahtera", the Sundanese indigenous people in West Java succeeded in developing the North Bandung Cattle Breeders Cooperative (KPSBU) Lembang and Social Entrepreneurship The Big Price Cut Group, and the Acehnese indigenous people in Aceh have succeeded in developing the economy with the Baitulmal concept. With this business sector, it can empower indigenous peoples and at the same time improve the economy and welfare of their people. The empowerment of indigenous peoples is based on the concept that every member of the community has an obligation to support their respective customary activities. The customary institutions or types of businesses that exist in each location of this research aim to make it easy for the community to get capital in developing their respective businesses and in selling their products. With the existence of this financial institution, indigenous people experience an increase in their economy and welfare. To achieve this goal maximally and to find a model of economic empowerment for indigenous peoples that can be used as a model for the economy throughout Indonesia, in the 3rd year (2021) research will be continued in the Provinces of Maluku, West Sumatra, and South Sulawesi. In general, this research aims to produce an economic model for indigenous peoples as a strategy to accelerate national economic development. Specific objectives: To find out how indigenous peoples develop their economic systems; to identify forms of economic institutions for indigenous peoples in Indonesia, and to formulate a model for the economic empowerment of indigenous peoples as a strategy for accelerating national economic development. Researchers used qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods (mixed method) with a comparative case study type. Thus, this research is expected to obtain a model in order to accelerate national economic development. Data were collected and analyzed by means of observations, interviews, and documents. The mandatory output of this research is the economic model of indigenous peoples.
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Purnamawati, I. Gusti Ayu, Ferry Jie, and Saarce Elsye Hatane. "Cultural Change Shapes the Sustainable Development of Religious Ecotourism Villages in Bali, Indonesia." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 7368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127368.
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This research aims to determine the impact of technology, commitment, and cultural change on the sustainable development of religious ecotourism villages. This study utilized quantitative research methods. The sampling technique used was random sampling, determined by the slovin formula—data collection techniques through the distribution of questionnaires and measurement using a Likert scale. The study was done in an ecotourism village in Bali Province with a population of 155 individuals, and the sample size was 100. The Structural Equation Model using WarpPLS 5.0 software modelling was used for the statistical analysis. The results demonstrate that the technology and commitment variables have no significant effect on the development of religious ecotourism villages; however, cultural changes have a substantial effect. The development of religious ecotourism villages is the dependent variable in this study; nevertheless, the research is primarily focused on how each village develops its ecotourism, which is increasingly being activated through a religious by the government. Religion, often known as a religious tradition, has a particular role in preserving and sustaining a village’s ancient legacy. The application of the concept of religion in Bali strengthens the joints of Balinese cultural life. Ecotourism villages with religious values pay attention to surrounding customs to maintain and preserve ancestral heritage.
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Wiradinatha, I. Putu Pradita, Anak Agung Sagung Laksmi Dewi, and Luh Putu Suryani. "Efektivitas Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Kegiatan Masyarakat (PPKM) terhadap Adat dan Kebiasaan Masyarakat di Desa Adat Menyali Kabupaten Buleleng." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 3, no. 2 (March 29, 2022): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.55637/jkh.3.2.4841.383-389.
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Indonesia is a country with a large and diverse archipelago with many cultures, customs and traditions in various forms. An area that has unique customs is Bali and has many different traditional rituals, but right now the world is being hit by the Covid19 pandemic which requires PPKM, such as in the Mengali Traditional Village, Buleleng Regency. This research aims to discuss the effectiveness of the implementation of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) on the habits and customs of the community as well as the government's efforts in accelerating the control of Covid19 in the traditional village of President Menyali, Buleleng Regency. This research uses empirical legal research with a sociological legal approach. The sources of legal materials for this research consist of the main sources, including the Minister of Home Affairs Regulation no. 15 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Restrictions on Community Activities for Corona Virus Disease 2019 and Governor's Regulation No. 12 of 2021 concerning the Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities Covid19 in a New Era of Life in the Province of Bali. As well as supporting legal materials taken from law books and legal journals related to this research. Interview techniques and note-taking techniques were used as data collection techniques. The result of this research is that the influence of PPKM on the habits of the people in the Mengali Traditional Village, Buleleng Regency is still very inefficient so that PPKM tightening covers several areas and other customary activities, and the role of local governments is less helpful in reducing these impacts. This pandemic is because people don't obey it. The government's appeal to implement PPKM policies such as long-distance travel requires showing a vaccine card.
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Sutiani, Ni Wayan. "Pengembangan Desa Wisata Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Di Pulau Serangan." Jurnal Ilmiah Cakrawarti 2, no. 1 (July 7, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47532/jic.v2i1.115.
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Tourism in Indonesia has grown and developed into one of the country’s foreignexchange earnings. Seeing Bali’s potential from natural beauty, people’s hospitality, culturalarts and distinctive customs, making the tourism sector receive special and serious attentionfrom the local government of Bali Province. Serangan Village is a sub-district and sub-districtlocated in Wialyah, South Denpasar District, Denpasar City, Bali Province, Indonesia,which has considerable tourism potential, such as Bugis village, fishing village, turtle parkand temples. Based on the description above, the problem can be formulated as follows:how is the development of tourist villages in Serangan Village in improving the welfare ofthe surrounding community. In this study, the research method was carried out by libraryresearch by reading literature relating to the development of tourism objects, observationand field research, where research was carried out by visiting tourism objects in Seranganand interviewing communities around tourism objects in Serangan Village. The results ofthe study indicate that from the results of the research conducted it can be concluded that thedevelopment of Serangan village tourism can improve welfare and development which canbe seen from the economic side, it can be seen a number of positive examples of the impactof tourism development in Serangan village, including; the life of the village communitySerangan is becoming more advanced because access to urban areas is becoming increasinglysmooth. In addition to the development of Serangan island, there is financial inclusion asvillage treasury. The financial income mainly comes from the entrance ticket that is charged to everyone who enters Serangan island with a fare of Rp. 1,000, for motorbike riders andRp. 2000, - for motorists The entry from the entrance ticket is quite large, where the funds areused to support village development and the need for maintenance of worship facilities andinfrastructure in Serangan village
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Dewi, Wayan Weda, Dian Tamitiadini, and Ika Rizki Yustisia. "PENDEKATAN TRANSTHEORICAL SEBAGAI MODEL ADAPTASI PERUBAHAN PERILAKU SADAR LINGKUNGAN DI PROVINSI BALI." Profetik: Jurnal Komunikasi 13, no. 1 (September 5, 2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/pjk.v13i1.1711.
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Abstract. Studies of environmental issues in Indonesia are still minim. Eventhough, Indonesia has many serious problem related to environmental issue. One of them is listed as the second largest constibutor of plastic waste in Asia. Piles of plastic waste cause various problems such as sea water pollution and decreased quality of human life. In order to reduce the negative impact of this plastic waste pile, of course good synergy between various parties including the Government, the community and business actors is needed. Bali is one of the province that commited to reducing the consumption of disposable plastics by implementing a pro-environment policy related to limiting the consumption of plastic bags. Using descriptive qualitative method, this research focusing on indetifying stages of social change using the concept of stages approach to the strategy of reducing plastic consumption, especially in Bali Province. This research is directed at literacy efforts in the community and business actors regarding the impact of the use of disposable plastics (PSP) as well as social intervention efforts through the preparation of pro-environment campaign models in reducing plastic consumption. In addition, the focus of the research also wants to see the extent to which stages of change have been achieved on the part of consumers and businesses in Bali. This model can be used as a basis for the Bali provincial government in formulating policies related to the use of plastics which are harmful to the environment.Abstrak. Kajian mengenai isu lingkungan dalam perspektif komunikasi lingkungan masih minim di Indonesia. Padahal Indonesia memiliki sejumlah permasalahan serius terkait isu lingkungan, salah satunya tercatat sebagai negara ke-dua terbesar penyumbang limbah plastik di level Asia. Timbunan sampah plastik menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan seperti pencemaran air laut dan menurunnya kualitas hidup manusia. Guna mengurangi dampak negatif timbunan sampah plastik ini tentunya diperlukan sinergi yang baik antar berbagai pihak di antaranya Pemerintah, masyarakat, dan juga pelaku usaha. Provinsi Bali menjadi salah satu provinsi yang berkomitmen terhadap pengurangan konsumsi plastik sekali pakai dengan jalan menerapkan kebijakan pro lingkungan terkait pembatasan konsumsi kantong plastik bagi pelaku usaha. Menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini berfokus pada identifikasi tahapan perubahan sosial menggunakan pendekatan konsep stages of change dalam strategi pengurangan konsumsi plastik khususnya di Provinsi Bali. Penelitian ini diarahkan pada upaya literasi pada masyarakat dan pelaku usaha mengenai dampak penggunaan plastik sekali pakai (PSP) serta upaya intervensi sosial melalui penyusunan model kampanye pro lingkungan dalam mengurangi konsumsi plastik. Selain itu, fokus penelitian juga ingin melihat sejauh mana tahapan perubahan perilaku (stages of change) telah dicapai di sisi konsumen dan pelaku usaha di Bali. Model ini dapat dijadikan landasan bagi pemerintah Provinsi Bali dalam menyusun kebijakan terkait penggunaan plastik yang berbahaya bagi lingkungan.
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Sihombing, Lambok Hermanto. "The Significance of the Caste System of Balinese in the Modern Era: A Discourse of Cultural Communication." Komunitas 14, no. 2 (September 28, 2022): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v14i2.35985.
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Bali is an island and a province with a beautiful culture. Most Balinese are Hinduism. Like in any other country, Balinese Hinduism also adopts the caste system. The caste system in Hinduism means that people are classified based on their social status. Balinese people live in a complex caste system relationship that has continued to exist since the days of the kingdom in Indonesia. This research aims to know the perception of the Balinese local people against the caste system in the modern era. The method used in this research is by interviewing one local Balinese person from each caste who might be related and an expert from each caste, analyzed uy using the perspective of Arjun Appadurai. This research finds that the caste system is no longer a determinant of success in the modern era. However, the caste system still affects the way of communication among the people of Bali, and the imprints can still be found in the daily life of the locals.
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Utama, I. Gusti Bagus Rai, Sidhi Bayu Turker, Ni Kadek Widyastuti, Ni Luh Christine Prawita Sari Suyasa, and Dermawan Waruwu. "Model of Quality Balance Development of Bali Tourism Destination." Technium Social Sciences Journal 10 (August 3, 2020): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v10i1.1356.
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the economic structure of Bali Province is very specific and has its characteristics compared to other provinces in Indonesia. This can be seen from the contribution of value-added to the economic sector, which is largely dominated by the tertiary sector, especially the tourism services sub-sector which has become the backbone of economic growth followed by the primary sector and the secondary sector. The dominance of the tertiary sector has the potential to be very risky because the tourism sector is very vulnerable to various phenomena including the Covid-19 pandemic. The debate between the purpose of preservation and economic empowerment in cultural tourism with all its manifestations is still a heated debate among tourism experts and tourism businesses. While the development of Bali tourism from time to time has experienced many changes along with the social dynamics that exist in society Bali. This study uses method desk research by conducting a study of literature related to the problem being solved, through a study of scientific journals, opinions, and online articles, then comparing and finding similarities and differences so that it can be used to explain the problem you want to solve. In the discussion of this study, it was found that there was still dualism that needed to be integrated to create a balance between the goals of cultural preservation and economic development for Bali. There are several solutions offered; such as Picard offers solutions to the understanding and function of art and culture and its activities in tourism and religious life. While Max-neef offers Tourism community relationships, while other solutions are the need for stakeholder involvement, Blueprint, and Carrying Capacity
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Thaib, Erwin Jusuf. "The Communication Strategies for Moderate Islamic Da’wah in Countering Radicalism in Gorontalo City, Indonesia." Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication 36, no. 4 (December 11, 2020): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkmjc-2020-3604-09.
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This study focuses on moderate Islamic da’wah communication strategies in counteracting radicalism in Gorontalo City. In Indonesia, radicalism has continuously occurred in the form of suicide bombings leading to lots of life, properties and numerous environmental hazards. Using da’wah as a communication strategy to counteract this violent act by spreading Islamic understanding may affect the community’s attitude. The location was chosen because, besides being the centre for preaching activities, it also has greater social and religious dynamics than the other cities in the province. Meanwhile, the problems in this research are focused on two aspects, which are the content and methods of the moderate Islamic da’wah communication applied by the preachers to counteract radicalism in Gorontalo City. Data were purposively collected from eight preachers through interviews, observations, and documents. The result showed that these strategies were focused on the content of da’wah communication, especially the message and use of the verses. Also, several strategies were utilized by the preachers, which included shaping the community’s religious understanding and reaffirming the position of Muslims as ummatan wasathan. Other strategies were seeking moderate religious references, examining the noble values of Gorontalo culture and customs, and encouraging people to respect and accept diversity. Keywords: Communication strategy, da’wah, Gorontalo, moderate Islam, radicalism.
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FAJRIN, FITROTUL. "DINAMIKA SOSIAL BUDAYA MASYARAKAT DESA ADAT PENGLIPURAN DI ERA GLOBALISASI." Harmony: Jurnal Pembelajaran IPS dan PKN 6, no. 2 (December 14, 2021): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/harmony.v6i2.47442.
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Currently in Indonesia in general and in Bali in particular is undergoing a significant change in all fields. Globalization that is engulfing the world today causes the boundaries of a region or country to seem increasingly transparent. This has an impact on people's lives. Penglipuran is an example of a traditional village in Bali. This village still adheres to the concept of Tri Hita Karana, especially in its socio-cultural life. One of the Tri Hita Karana concepts is the Pawongan concept which regulates human relations with humans. This study aims to explain and understand the social dynamics of the life of the traditional village community of Penglipuran and Tenganan who still survive in their traditional life and maintain their customs in the midst of the globalization era. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection methods used are observations, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study show that, although the people of Penglipuran village strongly adhere to local culture, they are not left behind by the progress of this era, it can be seen from their social situation. The Penglipuran people use their local culture as a tool to filter out those arising from global interactions in modern times and become a tool in strengthening socio-cultural resilience within the framework and culture of their ancestors. For the indigenous people of the Penglipuran traditional village, they must have high self-awareness to preserve local traditions and wisdom and maintain traditional values or Awig-awig so that traditional culture and traditions are not eroded by developments and globalization in this modern era.
Dewasa ini di Indonesia pada umumnya dan di Bali pada khususnya sedang mengalami suatu perubahan yang signifikan disegala bidang. Globalisasi yang telah melanda dunia saat ini menyebabkan batas-batas suatu wilayah ataupun negara seolah-olah semakin transparan. Hal ini membawa dampak pada kehidupan masyarakatnya. Penglipuran merupakan contoh dari desa adat yang ada di Bali. Desa ini masih memegang teguh konsep Tri Hita Karana terutama dalam kehidupan sosial budayanya. Salah satu konsep Tri Hita Karana yakni konsep Pawongan yang mengatur hubungan manusia dengan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan dan memahami dinamika sosial budaya kehidupan masyarakat desa adat Penglipuran dan Tenganan yang masih bertahan dalam kehidupan tradisional serta tetap melestarikan adat istiadat di tengah era Globalisasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa, meskipun masyarakat desa Penglipuran sangat memegang teguh budaya lokal tetapi mereka tidak tertinggal oleh kemajuan zaman hal ini dapat dilihat dari keadaan sosialnya. Masyarakat Penglipuran menjadikan kebudayaan lokal mereka sebagai alat untuk menyaring budaya yang timbul dari adanya interaksi global di zaman modern serta menjadi alat dalam memperkuat ketahanan sosial budaya dalam rangka menjaga dan melestarikan kebudayaan dari nenek moyang. Sebaiknya bagi masyarakat asli desa adat Penglipuran harus memiliki kesadaran diri sendiri yang tinggi untuk melestariikan tradisi dan kearifan lokal serta mempertahankan nilai-nilai adat istiadat atau Awig-awig agar budaya adat dan tradisi tidak tergerus perkembangan dan arus globalisasi di zaman modern ini.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Bali (Indonesia : Province) Social life and customs"
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Parker, Lyn. "Village and state in "new order" Bali." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/111390.
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This thesis documents the complex process by which a
conservative village, Brassika, in South Bali, has been
absorbed into the nation-state of Indonesia.
National-level political events such as the Land
Reform Act of 1960 and the Gestapu coup and its violent
aftermath have led to a significant redistribution of
agricultural land in Brassika. The Puri, the traditional
ruling house of the village and major landowner, has
transferred significant amounts of land to new owners.
Government policies and development programmes have
enmeshed the villagers in the Indonesian macroeconomy.
Green Revolution technology, the Family Planning programme
and a wide range of other development programmes have been
widely adopted. Government legislation has also caused the
introduction of new bureaucratic structures in the village,
leading to a loss of local autonomy. The political role of
the Puri in the village has also being transformed.
One important 'New Order' policy has been to expand
the national school system and thus to "equalize" access to
the fruits of economic development. Access to schooling has
consequently expanded rapidly in the New Order period, but
in Brassika, boys, especially high-caste boys, have enjoyed
far greater access to schools than girls. Schooling thus
reproduces traditional elite positions and cannot be
regarded as an agent for equal opportunity. Further,
schools have a curriculum which emphasizes citizenship and
the power of the state. Schooling is thus a form of
political control. 'New Order' ideology stresses the value of progress,
order and stability. The 'New Order' period has been
characterized by comparative social order, prosperity and
stability. Traditional political theory in Bali also
emphasizes the importance of order and legitimate rule
signified by the possession of sakti. The prosperous,
stable reign of the traditional village head, the Cokorda,
was partly a creation of the New Order government and
partly the product of an inherited tradition of legitimate
rule. His recent move into the Indonesian bureaucracy
reflects modern elite interests in the supra-village sphere
of the government. It also signals the separation of the
political tie between Puri and village.
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Leonard, Alex. "Ombak Besar, Hati Besar, Orang Besar : the Kuta surfing tradition and its heroes, 1969-2001." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147958.
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Pushparajah, Lorenzen Rachel. "Perseverance in the face of change : resilience assessment of Balinese irrigated rice cultivation." Phd thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151230.
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The subak in Bali is a type of farmer-managed canal-irrigated rice cultivation system, which has long been recognised for its efficient water use and high rice productivity. Subaks are firmly embedded in local Hindu culture with institutions that guide farmers in sharing water equitably. Water sharing is based on principles of proportionality and transparency and irrigation system maintenance is egalitarian. In the 1960s, rice production was modernised and commercialised with Green Revolution technologies to feed a rapidly growing population. Some of these new technologies initially caused considerable disruption in raising the productivity of rice and irrigation efficiency. Meanwhile, Bali's formerly agriculture-based economy began to diversify with prospering tourism and other industries. Farmers engaging in part-time farming and multiple occupations off-farm have become the norm. Urban and industrial development increasingly competes for agriculture's resources, such as land, labour and water. This increasing pressure raises questions whether subaks are well-equipped to maintain their productivity and efficient resource management in the long run.
This thesis studies these past and contemporary challenges to subaks. It applies an interdisciplinary approach to analyse the data collected in 18 months of field research in Bali. It defines a conceptual model of the subak based on social-ecological systems and resilience theories to examine the impacts of the Green Revolution and ongoing rural diversification. This thesis demonstrates that the subak as social-ecological system, despite temporary and permanent modifications, has remained resilient to the Green Revolution and ongoing rural diversification. The subak has incorporated new agricultural technologies, allowing farmers more flexibility to pursue diversified livelihoods, and the subak cultural and institutional framework has persisted over time. This thesis discusses three scenarios of possible trajectories the subak may follow depending on how current trends unfold. The analysis shows that subaks in peri-urban areas face different challenges to those subaks in the uplands where resource pressure is less intense and off-farm work further away.
Ultimately, the future survival of subaks lies in the hands of Balinese society, the government and farmers. Pathways to subaks' survival include the recent nomination to the UNESCO world heritage list of three specific subak-related sites or the new agrotourism model promoted by the local university. Alternatively, better educated young Balinese, new marketing opportunities for speciality produce, increased viability of payments for ecosystem services combined with the inherent characteristics of Balinese social organisation may open up new pathways for farmers to continue the subak in ways which are so far unimaginable.
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Mediani, I. A. "Wet-rice cultivation in Bali : the continuity of technology and social organisation from the 9th Century to the present." Master's thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/142706.
Full textBooks on the topic "Bali (Indonesia : Province) Social life and customs"
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Urs, Ramseyer, and Leemann Albert, eds. The peoples of Bali. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
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Horridge, G. Adrian. Outrigger canoes of Bali and Madura, Indonesia. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press, 1987.
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Bryan, Whitney, ed. Indonesia, design and culture: Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Bali. New York: Monacelli Press, 1998.
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B, Eiseman Fred. Bali, sekala and niskala =: Bali, what you can see and what you can't. Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia: F.B. Eiseman, 1985.
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H, Eiseman Margaret, ed. Bali, sekala and niskala. Berkeley, Calif: Periplus Editions, 1989.
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Bali chronicles: Fascinating people and events in Balinese history. Singapore: Periplus, 2004.
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