Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Balistidae'
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Wachenfeld, David R. "Aspects of the behaviour and ecology of Red Sea and Indian Ocean triggerfishes (Balistidae)." Thesis, University of York, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359305.
Full textTilhet-Coartet, Stéphane. "Expertise balistique." Lyon 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO1M347.
Full textFerrier, Marlène. "Modélisation analytique du transport balistique et quasi-balistique dans les MOSFETs avancés." Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0016.
Full textWith the integration of new undoped MOSFETs architectures allowing very short channellengths, the emergence of ballistic transport in next generations' devices become more and more probable. Ballistic MOSFETs are expected to exhibit higher drain currents compared to the predictions of conventional approaches. This work presents the physics and the modeling of ballistic and quasi-ballistic transport in advanced MOSFETs. The impact of the conventional technological parameters on injection velocity, a figure of merit of ballistic transport, has been discussed. Moreover, original analytical models for quantization, allowing subband engineering have been proposed for bulk, SOI and DG-MOSFETs. These models can effectively replace time consuming Poisson-Schrôdinger simulations needed for an accurate evaluation of ballistic currents. Finally, a new approach for the extraction of the backscattering factor has been presented and applied to fully depleted SOI MOSFETs
Morel, François. "L' Inde spatiale et balistique." Paris, CNAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CNAM0504.
Full textAfter having defined a scale of levels of space activities, and having drawn aside the most important space powers, the whole of the emergent actors of the field is examined. India, whose advance is of a factual nature, is examined thoroughly. Initially, one carries out a meticulous description of the space and ballistic achievements of India in order to highlight the dynamics of his technological effort and the concrete level reached by this country. In a second step, one analyzes in-depth the logic of the relation which binds the space activities with the Indian situation. This interdisciplinary study, with many simulations included, approaches the following fiels: town planning, resources, meteorology, education, environment, disasters, economy and strategic aspects with respect to Pakistan. The principal results relate to the rationality of the motivations, the priority of the civil sector, the management of the technology transfer
Pirlot, Marc. "Quantification de l'expertise balistique par analyse d'images." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212011.
Full textVAUXEL, HERVE. "La balistique de la balle de golf." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066377.
Full textJordan, Yves. "Modelisation de la balistique interieure d'un lanceur electrothermique." Orléans, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ORLE2047.
Full textBlanchet, Jérôme. "Transport balistique et effets quantiques dans des nanostructures unidimensionnelles." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112261.
Full textGibon, David. "Planification dosimétrique en radiochirurgie stéréotaxique : optimisation tridimensionnelle de la balistique." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10148.
Full textQueudet, Hippolyte. "Élaboration de composites Al/B4C pour application de protection balistique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0060.
Full textLightweight materials are very attractive in the global industry, and more specifically in the field of automotive and aeronautics fields. For army vehicles the reduction of the weight has increased the need for lightweight metal and ceramic armor systems ; the combination of these materials being a key element in modern packages. Nowadays, aluminum alloys are widely introduced in such systems. Increasing the mechanical properties of these alloys will automatically imply a decrease of the mass of ballistic protections. In this context, the powder metallurgy route appears promising as it allows simultaneously to nanostructure the matrix by strain hardening and to scatter properly particles reinforcements. First, the choice has been made to focus on the combination of high density and hardening precipitation of an Al-Zn-Mg alloy. Strengthening precipitates give the consolidated raw powder mechanical properties close to the ones of a commercial wrought aluminum alloy AA7020 in a T651 temper. Then the same process was optimized on a milled powder in order to preserve the fine grains obtained by high energy ball milling. Finally, B4C particles were introduced as reinforcements in the aluminum matrix to develop an ultrafine-grained metal matrix composite
Prat, Nicolas. "Prédiction des lésions pulmonaires lors d’un impact balistique non pénétrant." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10262.
Full textWhen non-penetrating, impacts on bulletproof jackets can lead to potentially lethal blunt injuries known as behind armor blunt trauma (BABT). Impacts of less lethal kinetic weapons (LLKW) can also lead to such injuries. To both improve the protection capabilities of the BPJ and better comprehend the ounding potential of the LLKW, we need to design a wounding criterion to predict the injury severity of ballistic blunt thoracic trauma. In one hand, this criterion has to be well correlated with the severity of the injuries, and in the other hand, it has to be easily used with all the LLKW and BPJ assessment systems in use. First, we defined the pulmonary contusion volume as the severity of the injuries. Studying the pulmonary contusion involves the use of animal experiments. But we demonstrated that the biomechanics of the chest wall are different in animals and young adults. Then, we developed the maximum pressure impulse criterion (PImax). As it is based on the intrathoracic pressure measure during the blunt impact, it is independent from the chest wall behavior. This criterion can be used with the other assessment tools as the numerical simulation mechanical chest surrogates. This can help to reduce the use of animal experiments, which is more and more expensive, heavy and questionable on the ethical aspect
Nussbaum, Julien. "Modélisation et simulation numérique d'un écoulement diphasique de la balistique intérieure." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00190008.
Full textNussbaum, Julien. "Modélisation et simulation numérique d'un écoulement diphasique de la balistique intérieure /." Strasbourg : IRMA, Univ. Louis Pasteur et C.N.R.S, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016808000&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Full textLecysyn, Nicolas. "Etude et modélisation des effets d'un impact balistique sur un réservoir." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11072.
Full textThis study is intended to improve our knowledge about the sequence of events that occurs when a high-speed projectile (from 960 m. S. -1 to 1480 m. S-1) penetrates a vessel filled with toxic liquid. We find that prior to liquid ejection, several well-defined phases occur, including the phenomenon known as the "hydraulic ram". Then, a catastrophic tank failure leads to liquid ejection and fragmentation. This paper focuses on this phenomenon and explains how it can be related to the initial conditions of the target
Burgnies, Ludovic. "Mécanismes de conduction en régime balistique dans les dispositifs électroniques quantiques." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10184.
Full textPar analogie avec les structures micro-ondes, nous avons envisagé successivement le stub électronique puis le couplage entre guides d'ondes. Pour le stub électronique, le résultat saillant concerne la mise en évidence, en régime de commutation, d'effets de mélange entre états quantiques initiale et finale au sein de la zone active révèlés par l'analyse spectrale du transitoire de conductance. Pour les coupleurs, différents modes de fonctionnement ont été analysés tels que le couplage par mode évanescent, les transferts latéraux, ou le couplage hybride. Leur origine a pu être clairement établie en termes de propagation multimode dans les structures simple branche, ou d'interférences constructives et destructives en régime monomode dans les structures multibranches
Pasquier, Claude. "Transport quantique balistique et monoelectronique dans des nanostructures d'arseniure de gallium." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112077.
Full textTrizac, Emmanuel. "Quelques aspects statistiques de systemes complexes : coalescence balistique et suspensions d'argile." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ENSL0068.
Full textPapy, Alexandre. "Etude numérique de la balistique intérieure des armes de petit calibre." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211017.
Full textCe document synthétise un travail de quatre années relatif à l'étude des phénomènes dynamiques rencontrés dans une arme de petit calibre. Jusqu'à présent, des efforts ont été réalisés pour simuler des armes de gros calibre, avec plus ou moins de succès. L'adaptation directe de ces méthodes au petit calibre est, la plupart du temps, décevante car peu précise. De plus, le coût des essais en arme de petit calibre, relativement faible par rapport à des essais en armes de calibre plus important, a contribué au désintérêt des études dans ce domaine. Encore aujourd'hui, des fabriquants d'armes de renommée internationale ne disposent pas de modèles pour le petit calibre. Celui-ci a été, et reste encore aujourd'hui, le parent pauvre des simulations numériques en balistique intérieure.
A l'heure actuelle, de nombreuses recherches sont entreprises dans le cadre des canons électriques ou électromagnétiques. Ces armes, qui représentent peut-être le futur de la balistique, ne sont encore qu'à un stade fort éloigné d'une utilisation effective et opérationnelle. La situation est donc assez paradoxale :les armes de petit calibre sont les plus utilisées (dans le cadre d'une utilisation militaire, sportive ou à des fins de tests) mais il n'existe, à proprement parler, que peu de modèles mathématiques permettant une simulation précise et rigoureuse. Dans ce contexte, ce travail va démontrer que des modèles de balistique intérieure peuvent être utilisés avec succès pour la simulation de tirs en armes de petit calibre.
Une des originalités de ce travail consiste en l'utilisation d'un logiciel de CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics} comme squelette d'un simulateur de la balistique intérieure, et à son application sur des armes de petit calibre. L'approche employée permet de dissocier les aspects "mécanique des fluides" et traitement de l'écoulement, des aspects purement balistiques. Nous nous attacherons donc à évaluer la capacité d'un code CFD à fonctionner dans l'environnement particulier de la simulation du "coup de canon".
Plan du travail
Cette thèse peut être subdivisée en quatre différentes parties. La première partie, plutôt générale, vise à situer le problème dans son contexte. Elle débute par une introduction rapide à la balistique, et s'attarde sur les buts de la balistique intérieure en mettant l'accent sur les particularités des armes de petit calibre, le cas échéant.
La simulation sur ordinateur est un aspect important du problème qui doit nécessairement être mis en rapport avec des résultats réels. C'est pourquoi la chaîne de mesure utilisée classiquement en balistique, ainsi que les dispositifs expérimentaux employés pour obtenir des résultats de validation, sont brièvement présentés dans la deuxième partie.
La troisième partie est axée sur les modèles. Nous présentons les principaux types de modèles que l'on peut retrouver en balistique intérieure. Les modèles à paramètres globaux et à paramètres locaux sont développés et nous formulons quelques remarques générales au sujet de l'état de l'art dans ce domaine, avant de nous interroger sur la problématique du choix d'un logiciel CFD adapté à l'utilisation visée.
Nous présentons alors le logiciel choisi, et détaillons les modèles qu'il utilise pour tenir compte des particularités de la balistique intérieure. Le mouvement du projectile dans l'arme, la combustion et le traitement du problème diphasique sont notamment passés en revue et développés.
Mobidic (Mobidic est l'acronyme de :MOdélisation Balistique Intérieure DIphasique Canon) est un logiciel français que nous avons obtenu vers la fin de cette étude. Ce logiciel est reconnu pour sa capacité à modéliser précisément les tirs en arme de moyen et gros calibre. Son fonctionnement et les modèles qu'il utilise sont exposés et comparés à notre implémentation.
La quatrième et dernière partie n'est certainement pas la moins importante. Elle présente les résultats issus des tirs que nous avons réalisés et les différentes étapes de validation qui ont été menées à bien, depuis les tests de base jusqu'à la validation totale dans deux armes de petit calibre.
Enfin, les conclusions, remarques et directions futures clôturent ce travail.
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
SISCO, FABRICE. "Contribution a l'etude des traumatismes balistiques de la face." Aix-Marseille 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX20115.
Full textMorin, Cédric. "Elaboration par frittage flash de composés céramique/métal pour la protection balistique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764955.
Full textHembise, Odile. "Etude d'un penetreur balistique des fonds marins : conception, optimisation, realisation, simulation, experimentation." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066816.
Full textBarral, Vincent Jean-Claude. "Etude, simulation et caractérisation du transport quasi-balistique dans les dispositifs nanométriques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11093.
Full textThe requests of ITRS regarding device scaling have progressively lead the semi-conductor industry to the nanoelectronics era. MOSFET transistor gate length is indeed planned to be as short as 18nm in 2009 to maintain the economic growth rate of this line of business. Such dimension reductions have lead to a decrease of interactions within the transistor channel, thus allowing some of the carriers to reach the drain in a more direct manner. Carrier transport has then to be considered as "quasi-ballistic" and backscattering analysis is necessary to optimize the performance of short channel transistors. This manuscript presents a new extraction methodology to determine quasi-ballistic transport parameters of MOSFET transistors expected for the 32nm technological node and beyond. Carrier transport is simulated, electrically characterized and analyzed in ultra-short (gate length down to 10nm) alternative architectures, such as Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) devices or multigate transistors. From a technological point of view, the impact of strain and Si film thickness reduction on the performance of ultimate devices is deeply investigated Finally, electron transport is studied under low longitudinal field conditions, leading for the first time to carrier mean free-path experimental extractions. These extractions demonstrate in particular that the unexpected mobility degradation has a physical origin
BROUTCHOUX, FRANCIS. "Plaie par arme a feu : apport de la balistique en medecine legale." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M050.
Full textLaforge, Vincent. "Effets vulnérants des armes à feu réglementaires : sept siècles de balistique lésionnelle." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0117.
Full textHow can a few grams of lead expelled with a few grams of powder remotely take out the toughest boor? Why can the same projectile kill one and spare the other? Since the 15th century, these questions frighten the fighter, intrigue the surgeon and stir the scientific community.Crossing historic data, medicolegal reports and scientific experiments, this study tries to answer these centuries-long questions. The consulted sources are mostly based on surgical writing but also explore books dealing with weapons, ammunition, tactics, given all these factors interneve in this, something definitive, drama that is the tumultuous encounter between a projectile and the particular target that the human body is. The results are mixed and often contradictory, opposing those who think a projectile-induced wound is a common wound and those who consider the igniting mechanism has to be taken into account to study and treat its effects efficiently. This work shows, apart from these polemics, the great diversity of firearms wounding effects, no ballistic trauma being strictly comparable to another. This non-reproductible specificity, aside from scientific experiments, rules out any formal and definitive answer regarding the effects of firearms projectiles. Being shot with a bullet remains an individual adventure with unpredictable consequences
Morin, Cedric. "Elaboration par frittage flash de composés céramique/métal pour la protection balistique." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS004/document.
Full textThis dissertation describes the synthesis of new components for ballistic protection with the assistance of flash sintering. Indeed, the objective is to associate two compounds showing very different sintering temperatures – such as alumina and aluminum, two reference materials for ballistic protection applications.The first synthesis method tested was the elaboration of a bi-material via the sintering of aluminump owder on alumina bulks. This study permitted to observe the formation of the alumina/aluminum bonding by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and to optimize the assembly parameters in order to obtain a bimaterials howing a strong interfacial cohesion. Adapted characterization techniques (X-rays diffraction and Vickers indentation) revealed residual stresses inside the ceramic that stemmed from the difference of thermal expansion coefficients between the two compounds during the cooling of the bi-material. Moreover, these assemblies have been tested with static (indirect tensile) tests and dynamic (ballistic) tests. These tests evincedthe very strong cohesion of the assemblies and permitted to confirm the relevance of static tests, which are easierto set up, for the evaluation of materials for ballistic protection.The other synthesis method considered was the one step sintering of a material displaying a gradient of composition, from pure alumina to pure aluminum with an interphase constituted by alumina/aluminum combinations. From a technical point of view, the flash sintering process proved capable of generating a thermal gradient of several hundreds of degrees inside a sample a few millimeters high, thanks to the use of a specific shape die. Unfortunately, the limited wetting of alumina by aluminum prevents the sintering of the alumina/aluminum mixtures from temperatures being lower than that of pure alumina. On the contrary, this limited wetting leads to an increase in the sintering temperature of the composites of ~200 °C and prevents the preparation of a material showing a composition gradient. Nevertheless, this method permits the synthesis of dense alumina composites (<99 %) containing ~5 wt.% aluminum
Merlen, Alain. "Similitude physique et modélisation par explosion équivalente des phénomènes aérodynamiques de balistique intermédiaire." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376163078.
Full textAYAX, ERIC. "Caracterisations experimentales et modelisation du comportement d'une plaque composite tissee en regime balistique." Paris, ENSAM, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENAM0017.
Full textMerlen, Alain. "Similitude physique et modélisation par explosion équivalente des phénomènes aérodynamiques de balistique intermédiaire." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10046.
Full textGROUSSET, PHILIPPE. "Microstructures d'arseniure de gallium : transport balistique, blocage de coulomb et bruit en charge." Toulouse, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAT0033.
Full textPolizzi, Eric. "Modélisation et simulations numériques du transport quantique balistique dans les nanostructures semi-conductrices." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0023.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the modeling and numerical simulations of ballistic quantum transport in multidimensionnal open devices. The simulation is performed by solving self-consistently the Schrödinger equation (for electrons) and Poisson equation (for space charge effects). To account for injection phenmona, open boundary conditions are prescribed for the Schrödinger equations. In the case of the three dimensional electron waveguide devices such as T-stubs and quantum couplers, we show the importance of quantum effects in the active region. Moreover, a quasi-three dimensional model for these open heterostructures is proposed. The derivation of the model relies on the strong confinement of the electrons at the heterojunction which allows to split the three dimensional Schr\"odinger equation into a one Schrödinger equation for the confined direction and a two dimensional Schrödinger equation in the transport direction. The space charge effects are taken into account in a three dimensional framework. Numerical simulations of open split gate devices are used to illustrate the accuracy of the quasi-3D model versus the fully 3D model with much less numerical effort. The quasi-3D is used to show the importance of the non linear current voltage characteristics. The last part of the thesis deals with the bidimensional quantum model of the nanoscale MOSFET and shows some first results about the confinement of the electrons in the channel. Finally, the 3D code NESSIE which was developped during this thesis, is a tool which could be used to study a wide range of characteristics (current-voltage, temperature effects, conductance quantization effects\dots) of many open quantum structures
Vigneau, Florian. "Transport électronique quasi-balistique dans les nanofils d'InAs et d'InSb sous champ magnétique." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAT0021/document.
Full textThe subband structure and electronic properties of InAs and InSb nanowires are studied experimentally by measuring the electronic transport in the quasi-ballistic regime and under magnetic field up to 55T.The quasi-ballistic regime is highlighted by the conductance quantization. The band structure is probed by analyzing the conductance plateaus as a function of the gate voltage. The application of a magnetic field lifts the orbital and spin degeneracy. Under a magnetic field perpendicular to the NW axis subbands evolved towards Landau quantization together with backscattering reduction. Fluctuations of the magneto-conductance are observed in function of magnetic field parallel to the nanowire axis. They reveal the carriers confinement within the nanowire and Landau orbits emergence in the transport direction. The coherent electron transport is jointly studied in these systems. It is highlighted by the observation of universal conductance fluctuations and electronic Fabry-Pérot oscillations. Finally the low-temperature photoconductivity measurement reveals the presence of Schottky barriers at the contacts and unexpected anisotropy according to the direction of linear polarization for InSB Zinc Blende nanowires
Changey, Sébastien. "Modélisation et estimation par filtrage non linéaire de l'attitude d'un projectile à partir de magnétomètres." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112110.
Full textThe problem is the real time estimation of a projectile attitude, based on measures of the earth magnetic field given by a three-axis magnetometer sensor embedded on the projectile. In the first part, a complete modelling of the projectile attitude was developed. It was based on mechanical equations of ballistic. All equations were used and approximated, according to a priori knowledge of the projectile evolution. This first part concludes on an accurate and simple model, computable in real time. The second part was about non linear filtering to extract attitude information from magnetometer sensors. According to the model conception, the attitude estimation is done in two steps : a first rough estimation gives the position and the orientation of the velocity vector of the projectile. Then, attitude can be estimated from theses data and from sensor measures. The models and the algorithms have been tested on simulation, using real data of the projectile attitude evolution. The results show that milliradian attitude can be estimated with non-linear equations and approximations, with good accuracy. The originality of this work is due to the simple but complete modelling of the projectile attitude. It's the first time that the ballistic equation is used in a real time filter. The studied algorithms merge an extended Kalman filter and a filter using particles propagation
Bailly, Michel Alexandre. "Le projet américain de bouclier antimissile : quelles implications économiques et industrielles pour l'Europe ?" Littoral, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DUNK0104.
Full textIn 2001, the Department of Defense (DoD) of the United States decided to develop a "system of systems", under the name of Ballistic Missile Defense System (BMDS) intended to protect the United States against limited ballistic missile attacks coming from the rogue States and the proliferations of weapons of mass destruction. The Missile Defense Agency (MDA) will develop incrementally and integrated Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) System that layers defenses to intercept ballistic missiles of all ranges in all phases of flight -boost, midcourse, and terminal. We shall investigate a geo-strategic and economic approach of the new threats and we shall also examine the American answers which are based primarily on the reaffirmation of their status of hyperpower by their technological supremacy and the absence of European answer. European Union is content with the traditional means of creation of richness whereas the United States understood that innovation will be the key of economic survival and maintaining their hegemonic domination during the new millennium
Grémion, E. "Transistor balistique quantique et HEMT bas-bruit pour la cryoélectronique inférieure à 4.2 K." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00315433.
Full textTabarino, Caroline. "Frittage de porcelaines alumineuses : applications pour le développement de matériaux pour la protection balistique." Limoges, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIMO4063.
Full textCeramic materials are more used in protections (for humans and vehicles) against ballistic threats. Alumina and carbides are the most used materials. The aim of this work was to develop an innovating material, with moderate and competitive cost, with low density and high mechanical properties. So, high alumina content ceramics (> 95 wt %) were elaborated via uniaxial pressing and filtration of suspensions, and then sintered via liquid phase sintering (with additions of silicon and magnesia) to obtain dense materials. The formulation and the process were then used to produce poor alumina ceramics. After sintering, these materials present lower mechanical properties (Young's modulus and Vicker's hardness), but are concurrent in ballistic tests, compared to the alumina ceramics, and they offer a weight profit from approximately 10 %. In order to reduce the density, alumina/boron carbide composites were prepared and tested. The high cost monolithic boron carbide has a low density (2,51 g. Cm⁻ ᶟ) and a higher Young's modulus (460 GPa) than alumina (350-400 GPa). So, boron carbide additions were carried out in a pure alumina matrix (99,8 % pure). The conditions of sintering were determined (temperatures, atmosphere, type of sintering) and dense composites (> 98 %) with a high Young's modulus were obtained
Schmitt, Anne-Gabrielle. "Evaluation des forces exercées sur des projectiles accélérés par un lanceur électromagnétique à rails." Mulhouse, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MULH0492.
Full textGasiot-Bessiere, Elisabeth. "La contribution du scanner-simulateur dans l'optimisation de la balistique d'irradiation des cancers du sein." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11076.
Full textGrémion, Emile. "Transistor balistique quantique et HEMT bas-bruit pour la cryoélectronique inférieure à 4. 2 K." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112017.
Full textNext generations of cryodetectors, widely used in physics of particles and physics of universe, will need in the future high-performance cryoelectronics less noisy and closer to the detector. Within this context, this work investigates properties of two dimensional electron gas GaAlAs/GaAs by studying two components, quantum point contact (QPC) and high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). Thanks to quantized conductance steps in QPC, we have realized a quantum ballistic transistor (voltage gain higher than 1), a new component useful for cryoelectronics thanks to its operating temperature and weak power consumption (about 1 nW). Moreover, the very low capacity of this component leads to promising performances for multiplexing low temperature bolometer dedicated to millimetric astronomy. The second study focused on HEMT with very high quality 2DEG. At 4. 2 K, a voltage gain higher than 20 can be obtained with a very low power dissipation of less than 100 μW. Under the above experimental conditions, an equivalent input voltage noise of 1. 2 nV/Hz^(1/2) at 1 kHz and 0. 12 nV/Hz^(1/2) at 100 kHz has been reached. According to the Hooge formula, these noise performances are get by increasing gate capacity estimated to 60 pF
Delobel, Florimond. "Élaboration de carbure de silicium par Spark Plasma Sintering pour des applications en protection balistique." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENCM0016.
Full textThe development of light and high performance ballistic protections is currently a sensitive subject of research. Despite promising mechanical characteristics, the complexity of SiC shaping generally leads to the use of high content of sintering aids, favouring secondary phases formation which could weaken the material. Nevertheless, high sintering temperatures induce the presence of the α form of SiC, conferring to the material anisotropical and lower mechanical properties than the one obtained with the cubic β phase.The goal of this PhD work is the development of high purity cubic SiC, with density close to 100% and perfect Si:C stoichiometry to optimize the performances of this ceramic. Two kinds of precursors were considered: a commercial powder and a powder from the conversion of preceramic polymer precursor.Firstly, the parametric study of SPS sintering allowed to reach densities of 95% for both precursors, while conserving only the cubic phase. These encouraging results being not sufficient, this study switched to the use of sintering aids. Densities close to 100% were thus reached on samples sintered with prepared mixtures from commercial powder, even for very low content of additive. The second subject of this thesis highlighted a dependence of the β -> α transition temperature of SiC as a function of sintering pressure, but also according to the kind of precursor. Indeed, the use of polymer precursor is favourable to cubic structure stability. Then, hardness measurements were performed on the most promising samples and allowed to highlight the major role of density on this property
Ha-Minh, Cuong. "Comportement mécanique des matériaux tissés soumis à un impact balistique : approches expérimentale, numérique et analytique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10184/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of ballistic impact in the case of 2D and 3D fabrics using 3 approaches: numerical, experimental and analytical to improve the body armour protection. A totally new specific experimental protocol was developed for dynamic testing on yarn by using monitoring systems with fast acquisition. Ballistic tests were performed using a gas gun with instrumentation for monitoring projectile velocity and deformation of fabric. Two numerical models were used: macroscopic and mesoscopic models. Indeed, the macroscopic model, which considers 2D fabric as a homogeneous plate, allows a summary prediction of various impact parameters as: residual velocity, impact energies, deformation pyramid. To describe better interactions between yarns in a 2D fabric, a mesoscopic model was developed using shell elements. Comparisons between results obtained by both models and experimental data have demonstrated the modelling robustness at the mesoscopic scale since yarn/yarn and projectile/yarn contacts can be analyzed. Furthermore, in order to optimize computation time, a combination of mesoscopic and macroscopic models has allowed creating a multi-scale model distinguishing between different working areas of fabric during impact. A new numerical tool has been developed to model geometrically 3D fabrics taking into account yarns cross section. This model allows studying the effects of frictions and boundary conditions of a 3D fabric subjected to ballistic impact.In addition, an analytical model was carried out taking into account reflections of strain waves on yarns in the case of impact of a multi-layer fabric. This model predicts continuous evolutions of several parameters describing the impact
Kpenyigba, Kokouvi Mawuli. "Étude du comportement dynamique et modélisation thermoviscoplastique de nuances d'acier soumises à un impact balistique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0272/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to contribute to the study of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of metallic materials subjected to ballistic impact. Experimental, analytical and numerical studies were performed to analyze in details the process of perforation. Two materials have been investigated in this work : mild steel ES and IF steel. As a first step, mechanical characterization tests (tensile and compression tests under quasi-static and dynamic conditions) As have been made towards to modeling the mechanical behaviour of the materials studied. The results show that mild steel ES and IF steel are highly susceptible to the strain rate. Two constitutive equations, one empirical (Johnson-Cook) and other semi-physical (Rusinek-Klepaczko) were used to model the thermoviscoplastic behaviour of materials. A complete identification of constants defining the two models was carried out for each material in order to implements the constitutive laws into a finite element code for the numerical simulation of impact and perforation tests. The behaviour of materials under impact was then examined. The effect of the projectile shape, the mechanical properties of the projectile material, the target thickness and it is configuration (monolithic or sandwich) on the perforation process was analyzed. The results show that the failure mode, the ballistic limit and the energy absorption power of the metal target are strongly related to the shape of the projectile used. It has been shown that the monolithic targets plates are more strong to be perforate than the sandwich configurations (total thickness less than or equal to 4 mm). In addition, it was found that the ballistic limit of the target is strongly influenced by the rigidity of the projectile used. Finally, a 3D FE model was developed to simulate the mechanical behaviour of metal targets subjected to ballistic impact. The results from the numerical predictions were compared with experiments. It has been observed globally a good agreement between the numerical predictions and experiments especially in terms of ballistic curves, energy absorbed, failure modes and failure time for each kind of projectile. The numerical results show the importance of an accurate description of materials behaviour under dynamic conditions based on laboratory experiments including thermal softening effects, strain hardening and strain rate sensitivity in numerical modeling of physical processes
Madec, Clémentine. "Elaboration de matériaux à gradient de fonction céramique / métal par SPS pour la protection balistique." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS057/document.
Full textThe objective is to improve ballistic performance of armors. A perfect armor combines ductility to resistto the impact and high hardness to stop projectile’s fragments. However, such an association of properties is inconsistent witha single material. The solution is to perform a functionally graded material (FGM) with a ductile metal at the back side of thesample and a hard ceramic on the top side. Non-conventional technologies like Spark Plasma Sintering allow joining orsintering all types of materials with different and additional properties. Furthermore, with this technique, high heating ratescan be achieved, limiting grain growth and resulting in a fine microstructure. The goal is to study joining conditions or cosinteringof such materials (in this case, Al2O3 and Ti), as well as the resulting microstructure on the ballistic efficiency.The first part of the study focused on the characterization of alumina and titanium. Five powders of alumina werestudied from a sintering point of view. Three of which were selected because of their interesting microstructures, close indensities and grain sizes. These ceramics have been characterized mechanically (hardness, toughness and strength) andballistically. One of them is adopted to realize FGM. Titanium, sintered with the same conditions, unfortunately, doesn’t haveexpected properties (absence of ductility).The second part of the work showed that the preparation of FGM without cracks from Al2O3 and Ti only ischallenging, with an interlayer with one or more layers. The strong affinity of Ti with oxygen (formation of oxides orinsertion) with C (forming carbides) and its reactivity with alumina (forming intermetallics) make the FGM brittle and enablethe release of residual stresses during the process. By adding a low amount of nickel (more ductile and less reactive withoxygen and titanium) in composites, FGMs almost without cracks were obtained. The latter were evaluated ballistically
Rahmani, Abderrahmane. "Mesure de la force musculaire à partir de l'accélération appliquée à une charge : relation force-vitesse dans des conditions balistiques." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T047.
Full textNeckel, Leandro. "Modelamento e simulação de impacto balístico em sistema cerâmica-metal." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/99284.
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Novos sistemas de proteção balística vêm sendo recentemente criados com base em materiais de alta tecnologia. Um dos objetivos da indústria do ramo é desenvolver sistemas defensivos mais leves, porém mais fortes, que possibilitem ao portador, veicular ou humano, uma maior mobilidade com um maior nível de segurança. Este trabalho, baseado no trabalho original de Al-Qureshi et al [1], estuda matematicamente o comportamento de uma proteção contra um impacto de projétil. O modelo empregado inclui um sistema de proteção em camadas de cerâmica e metal, e ainda descreve o comportamento do projétil e as propriedades de absorção de impacto do sistema. A literatura ainda mostra que a taxa de erosão e desaceleração do projétil são altamente dependentes dos parâmetros geométricos e estruturais do material da proteção. O fenômeno de impacto e penetração é descrito em diferentes estágios, apresentando características particulares entre tais. As equações apresentadas demonstram diferentes propriedades do sistema ao longo dos estágios. Este trabalho ainda apresenta uma simulação matemática realizada sobre o modelo desenvolvido e aprimorado em busca de propriedades otimizadas do material para estudos futuros. Dentre as propriedades investigadas citam-se a espessura das placas utilizadas, o perfil de deformação do material metálico, a densidade da cerâmica, dentre outras características relevantes para o fenômeno. A rotina computacional possibilitou a aplicação de diferentes parâmetros nas equações propostas. Como resultado, gráficos e superfícies foram geradas, o que possibilitou uma análise mais profunda do modelo e um maior entendimento do processo de fratura em materiais por impacto de alta velocidade. Estudos futuros utilizarão estes resultados e desenvolvimentos para a produção de uma proteção balística que será utilizada para um experimento prático.
Facciani, Filippo. "Studio, sviluppo ed implementazione di modelli per la balistica interna di razzi a propellente solido." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4455/.
Full textMartinie, Sébastien. "Modélisation du transport quasi-balistique pour la simulation de circuits à base de nano-transistor multigrilles." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00569429.
Full textCharpentier, Nicolas. "Théorie de Boltzmann chirale pour le transport dans les multicouches, électrons et photons, balistique et diffusif." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00675443.
Full textSanchez, Laurence. "La contribution du scanner-simulateur dans l'optimisation de la balistique d'irradiation des cancers de la prostate." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11085.
Full textMally, Marc. "Application et adaptation des théories du tir d'armes aux phénomènes de balistique intermédiaire des projectiles flèches." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10111.
Full textLefebvre, Marie. "Résistance à l’impact balistique de matériaux composites à renforts Interlocks tissés : application au blindage de véhicules." Valenciennes, 2011. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/25e254d5-2d8c-4d76-9959-cb97a45dcce8.
Full textThis study is a part of an innovative exploratory research with the financial support of the DGA. The aim is to study the impact behaviour of Interlock composite materials. The final objective is to integrate a composite material based on Interlock weaving structure into vehicle armor system that will be placed as backing of a metal panel used to fragment the FSP projectile during the impact. The composite materials should absorb the impact energy during impact and stop the metal fragments after penetration of the metal panel by the projectile. The fabrication of these materials leads to create woven Interlock structures on a weaving loom and the implementation of the fabrics by infusion process. The materials are then impacted. A criterion of comparison was used, taking into account the speed limit perforation of the material and the area density of each impacted structures in order to compare the ballistic performance at the same weight. For this study we have made the choice to produce three Interlocks weaving structures with the same weaving parameters. We also choose to use two types of fibres, Kevlar® and Vectran® for each structure. The change of the weaving process and the infusion of materials allowed us to bring out two Interlocks structures composed of Vectran® fibres with the impact criterion equivalent to the structures currently used in the field of vehicle armor