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1

Asenova, Petia. "Quelques Remarques Sur Les Types Convergents." Diachronica 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.7.1.02ase.

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SUMMARY The Balkan language alliance (Sprachbund) comprises three different kinds of common linguistic types: 1) the common origin types; 2) the independent origin types and 3) the convergent types. The last ones are more characteristic for an areal group of languages such as the Balkan language alliance since they appear within a common geographical area. Two criteria are proposed to prove the convergent origin of some balkanisms: 1) The diachronic approach to the Balkan types (applied here to the future tense formation), which also implies that the paper supports the idea of a diachronic typology; 2) the research of semantic borrowings on the level of grammatical forms (applied to the parallel functions of some prepositions in the different Balkan languages; to the identical infinitive replacement, and to the expression of non-testimonial action). RÉSUMÉ L'union linguistique balkanique recèle trois sortes de types communs: 1) des types hérités d'une source commune; 2) des types d'origine indépendante et 3) des types convergents. Ces derniers sont les plus caractéristiques pour un groupe aréal de langues que représente l'union linguistique balkanique, étant donné qu'ils surgissent sur une aire commune. On propose deux critères qui pourraient prouver l'origine convergente de certains balkanismes: 1) L'approche diachronique des types balkaniques (appliquée ici à la formation du futur), c'est-à-dire on supporte l'idée d'une typologie diachronique; 2) la recherche d'emprunts sémantiques au niveau des formes grammaticales (appliquée ici aux fonctions parallèles de certaines prépositions dans les langues balkaniques différentes; à la façon identique de remplacer l'infinitif et à l'expression non-testimoniale de l'action). ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Balkansprachbund weist drei Arten gemeinsamer Typen auf: 1) aus einer gemeinsamen Quelle ererbte; 2) unabhangig voneinander entstandene; 3) konvergente. Letztere sind besonders charakteristisch für eine areale Sprach-gruppe wie den Balkansprachbund, da sie auf dem gemeinsamen Areal ent-stehen. Es werden zwei Kriterien aufgestellt, die als Beweis für den konver-genten Ursprung bestimmter Balkanismen gelten können: 1) die diachrone Untersuchung der balkanischen Typen (hier auf die Bildung des Futurs ange-wandt), d.h. es wird der Gedanke einer diachronen Typologie vertreten; 2) die Untersuchung von Bedeutungsentlehnungen auf dem Gebiet grammatischer Formen (angewandt auf die parallelen Funktionen bestimmter Präpositionen in den verschiedenen Balkansprachen, auf den identischen Ersatz des Infinitivs und den kommentativen Ausdruck der Handlung).
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Mihăilescu, Vintilă. "Ulysse ou le balkanisme heureux." Civilisations, no. 60-2 (July 27, 2012): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/civilisations.2994.

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Topolińska, Zuzanna. "On some neglected balkanisms in the Serbian verbal systems." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 64 (2008): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0864509t.

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The author finds that one of the most prominent features of the so-called Balkan Sprachbund is the extended system of grammaticalized modal distinctions both in the episthemic and deontic functional zone. She then focuses on two tendencies characteristic of the Balkan Sprachbund which are also present in the Serbian verbal system: (1) the differentiation of the exponents of the predicate of negation depending on its function and position in the discourse, and (2) the tendency to transform the synsemantic, most often modal, verbs into indeclinable particles.
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4

Zinaić, Rade. "Confronting Balkanism from a Global Stance." New Perspectives 27, no. 1 (February 2019): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2336825x1902700115.

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5

Bryce, Derek, and Senija Čaušević. "Orientalism, Balkanism and Europe's Ottoman heritage." Annals of Tourism Research 77 (July 2019): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.06.002.

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6

Mevorah, Vera. "Turbo-folk: Balkanism, orientalism and otherness." Kultura, no. 151 (2016): 261–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/kultura1651261m.

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7

Razsa, Maple, and Nicole Lindstrom. "Balkan Is Beautiful: Balkanism in the Political Discourse of Tudman’s Croatia." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 18, no. 4 (November 2004): 628–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325404266939.

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This article examines the role of Balkanist discourse in Tudman’s Croatia. Todorova’s concept of Balkanism provides a useful theoretical framework through which to explore the deployment of Balkanist stereotypes against Croatia by Western leaders. Balkanism also illuminates the ways in which Croatians used many of these same Balkan stereotypes to differentiate themselves from their neighbors to the south and east. Through an examination of Croatian newspaper columns, government documents and speeches, and political cartoons from the 1990s, this article analyzes how Balkanist interpretations and representations played an integral role in the construction of Croatian national identity and the mobilization of Croatians around a variety of political agendas. The objective of this article is not, however, simply to document the deployment of Balkanist stereotypes against or within Croatia. The second component of the article suggests ways in which Croatia’s liminal position between “Europe” and the “Balkans” might serve as an ideal standpoint from which one might challenge the binary oppositions of Balkanism and begin to reimagine the Balkans, redirecting these categories as a site of political engagement and critique.
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Stan, Marius. "Beyond Balkanism: the scholarly politics of region making." International Affairs 95, no. 2 (March 1, 2019): 495–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiz032.

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9

Haliliuc, Alina. "ManeleMusic and the Discourse of Balkanism in Romania." Communication, Culture & Critique 8, no. 2 (December 23, 2014): 290–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cccr.12083.

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Sawyer, Andrew. "National Museums in Southeast Europe: (En)countering Balkanism?" International Journal of Politics, Culture, and Society 27, no. 1 (November 1, 2013): 115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10767-013-9160-9.

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11

Pennanen, Risto. "Lost in scales: Balkan folk music research and the ottoman legacy." Muzikologija, no. 8 (2008): 127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz0808127p.

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Balkan folk music researchers have articulated various views on what they have considered Oriental or Turkish musical legacy. The discourses the article analyses are nationalism, Orientalism, Occidentalism and Balkanism. Scholars have handled the awkward Ottoman issue in several manners: They have represented 'Oriental' musical characteristics as domestic, claimed that Ottoman Turks merely imitated Arab and Persian culture, and viewed Indian classical raga scales as sources for Oriental scales in the Balkans. In addition, some scholars have viewed the 'Oriental' characteristics as stemming from ancient Greece. The treatment of the Seg?h family of Ottoman makams in theories and analyses reveals several features of folk music research in the Balkans, the most important of which are the use of Western concepts and the exclusive dependence on printed sources. The strategies for handling the Orient within have meandered between Occidentalism and Orientalism, creating an ambiguity which is called Balkanism.
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Patterson, Patrick Hyder. "On the Edge of Reason: The Boundaries of Balkanism in Slovenian, Austrian, and Italian Discourse." Slavic Review 62, no. 1 (2003): 110–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3090469.

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In this article Patrick Patterson offers new perspectives on the critique of Balkanist discourse elaborated recently by Maria Todorova and others. Examining Slovenian, Austrian, and Italian commentary on contemporary southeastern Europe, Patterson concludes that Slovenia's “western” neighbors did not wholeheartedly embrace the campaign by some influential Slovenes to distance their society from other, purportedly “Balkan,” Yugoslavs. Although Balkanism marked the discourse of all three countries, Italian and Austrian opinion often rejected important implications of the Slovenes' exceptionalist rhetoric. Ultimately, the internal dynamics of Austrian and Italian identity and political culture trumped the Balkan - ist logic behind Slovenes' claims to a uniquely “central European” character. Moreover, even in Slovenian sources, Balkanist rhetoric proved less dominant and consistent than the prevailing critique admits. Accordingly, that critique, which treats Balkanism as a rigid, uniform, pervasive, and virtually inescapable “power discourse” of hegemony, should be revised to account for forces that may limit or subvert its power.
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Szeman, Ioana. "“Gypsy Music” and Deejays: Orientalism, Balkanism, and Romani Musicians." TDR/The Drama Review 53, no. 3 (September 2009): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/dram.2009.53.3.98.

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In the current wave of successful “Gypsy music” in the West, Romani bands Taraf de Haïdouks and Fanfare Ciocărlia present themselves as “authentic” Gypsy musicians. In Germany, Shantel's latest album proclaims a Gypsy theme, but without Romani musicians. With or without Romanis, “Gypsy” means “exotic” in these musical exports.
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SÖrensen, Jens Stilhoff. "Balkanism and the New Radical Interventionism: A Structural Critique." International Peacekeeping 9, no. 1 (March 2002): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714002702.

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15

Hammond, Andrew. "Typologies of the East: On Distinguishing Balkanism and Orientalism." Nineteenth-Century Contexts 29, no. 2-3 (June 2007): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905490701623235.

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16

Todorova, Marija. "The Western Balkans in translated children’s literature." Transnational Image Building 10, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 94–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.20011.tod.

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Abstract This study approaches translations as framing and representation sites that can serve to either contest or promote stereotypes. Critically looking at textual and visual images of the source culture, the discussion considers how the particular location of different participants in the translation production process contributes to the presentation of violence as a predominant image of Western Balkan nations. The analysis uncovers networks of source-based production participants focusing on images of ‘nesting’ Balkanisms and self-representations centring on love and humaneness. On the other hand, networks led by editors located in the target culture often emphasise the preconceived stereotypes of dominant violence in the Western Balkans or turn towards globalising the images of violence.
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Tarabusi, Federica. "Development, Balkanism, and new (im)moralities in postsocialist Bosnia-Herzegovina." Focaal 2020, no. 87 (June 1, 2020): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2020.870106.

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AbstractDespite considerable analysis of development policies in postwar Bosnia-Herzegovina, local-internationals encounters have received less attention. In an attempt to fill this gap, this article traces the discursive processes through which development professionals frame their narratives about Bosnian society, and in turn, how its inhabitants experience the internationals staying in the country. Applying Maria Todorova's framework, I show how Western “expatriates” tend to incorporate the Balkans’ liminality into their social constructs to depoliticize development practices. On the other hand, I approach emic understandings of Europeanness and Balkanism as a situationally embedded and contested process that comes into play to (re)draw social and moral boundaries in Bosnian society. I conclude by considering local-international encounters as a privileged site for exploring the postsocialist state but also new political subjectivities in contemporary Bosnia.
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Dufková, Kristýna. "‘Ajde’ and ‘Hajde’: Contexts of the Use of Balkanisms in Translations into South Slavic Languages." transLogos Translation Studies Journal 3/2, no. 3/2 (2020): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/translogos.27.

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19

Kolesnik, V. A. "ON CARPATHISMS AND BALKANISMS IN THE BULGARIAN DIALECTS OF THE SOUTH UKRAINE: SHEEP BREEDING TERMINOLOGY." Rusin 55 (March 1, 2019): 371–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/55/19.

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20

Hammond, Andrew. "Balkanism in Political Context: From the Ottoman Empire to the EU." Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture 3, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.16997/wpcc.56.

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21

Dodds, Klaus. "Licensed to Stereotype: Geopolitics, James Bond and the Spectre of Balkanism." Geopolitics 8, no. 2 (June 2003): 125–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/714001037.

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22

Franzinetti, Guido, John Breuilly, Béatrice von Hirschhausen, Sabine Rutar, and Diana Mishkova. "Reflecting on Diana Mishkova’s Beyond Balkanism. The Scholarly Politics of Region Making." Südosteuropa 68, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 432–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/soeu-2020-0030.

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AbstractIn this scholarly panel, Guido Franzinetti, John Breuilly, Béatrice von Hirschhausen, and Sabine Rutar discuss Diana Mishkova’s monograph Beyond Balkanism. The Scholarly Politics of Region Making, published in the Routledge Borderland Studies series (2018; paperback edition 2020). The panel focuses, from various angles, precisely on how ‘region making’ has been influenced by scholarly politics and other kinds of policy discourses. The take of each author is conditioned by their respective expertise in European and global area studies.
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Hetemi, MA Atdhe. "Orientalism, Balkanism and the Western Viewpoint in the Context of Former Yugoslavia." ILIRIA International Review 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2015): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.21113/iir.v5i1.22.

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This research paper examines the role of the Orientalist and Balkanist discourse in the Former Yugoslavia with a particular focus on Albanians. Here, Western Orientalist and Balkanist stereotypes of the Former Yugoslavia are examined arguing that the Orientalism and Balkanism of people living in the Former Yugoslavia is and was viewed differently from the standard by the West and by the people living in the Former Yugoslavia in the way how they perceive each other. The first part of this research paper treats the Orientalism and Balkanism in the context of people living in the Former Yugoslavia, in general.The second part of this research paper analyzes the case study of the application of the Orientalist and Balkanist theoretical lenses on one of the nations living in the Former Yugoslavia, namely Albanians. Here, some explorations and thoughts are provided on how Albanians define themselves and how they were perceived by the South Slavic majority living in the Former Yugoslavia.There are three authors and, subsequently, three seminal works that shall serve as pillars of this theoretical analysis: concepts of Edward Said’s “Orientalism,” Bakic-Hayden’s theories on Orientalist variations and nesting Orientalism, and Maria Todorova’s ground-breaking analysis of the external practices of Balkans representation. These provide a useful theoretical framework through which to explore the distribution of the Orientalist and Balkanist discourses in Former Yugoslavia.
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Tocheva, Detelina. "Stéréotypes balkanistes dans la presse française quotidienne : le Figaro, le Monde et Libération." Études Balkaniques-Cahiers Pierre Belon N° 8, no. 1 (2001): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/balka.008.0199.

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Bitkova, Tatiana. "ROMANIA AND THE BALKANS: POLITICAL, HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL ASPECTS." Urgent Problems of Europe, no. 2 (2021): 233–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/ape/2021.02.11.

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The article analyzes some aspects of Romania’s foreign policy in the Balkan region. It is noted that the same fact that country belongs to the Balkans causes ambiguous interpretations on the part of Romanian politicians and experts, many of whom believe that Romania cannot be attributed to this region either geographically or politically. At the same time, culturally and historically, according to a certain part of historians and sociologists, Romania nevertheless carries the features of the so-called «Balkanism», due to the common Ottoman past with the Balkan Peninsula. These features are also relevant for the current socio-political situation, which is shown in the article with specific examples. In addition, criticism of the very term «Balkanism» from the side of Romanian analysts is presented. The author also examines Romania’s relations with the countries of the Western Balkans, primarily with Serbia. The points of contact of the positions of these countries are noted, which are largely due to the desire of Serbia to resolve the Kosovo problem in its favor, relying on the support of Romania - one of the five EU countries that did not recognize the independence of Kosovo. Romania, using this situation, is trying to strengthen its position, seeking regional leadership. The author comes to the conclusion that, although the Western Balkan countries directly or indirectly aspire to Euro-Atlantic structures, some of them (primarily Serbia) maintain and develop friendly relations with Russia, which complicates their interaction with Romania, orthodoxly adhering to the NATO and European Union policies and having a very difficult relationship with Russia.
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Helms, Elissa. "East and West Kiss: Gender, Orientalism, and Balkanism in Muslim-Majority Bosnia-Herzegovina." Slavic Review 67, no. 1 (2008): 88–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27652770.

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Through an ethnographic analysis of public and “everyday” discourses in the Muslim-majority area of Bosnia-Herzegovina, this article shows how gender is frequently constitutive of orientalist and balkanist representations. Both orientalism and balkanism have recently undergone a shift, precisely in the ways in which they are gendered. Women have become more visible symbols of Balkan backwardness while orientalist depictions have moved from emphasizing erotic sexuality to a focus on heavily veiled and controlled women, symbolizing the political threat of the east/Islam. In examining the everyday workings of such discourses in a community straddling the imagined boundaries of east and west, Elissa Helms shows a range of competing (re) configurations of east/west and related dichotomies, which are reconfigured precisely through notions of gender. While some of these (re)articulations seem to challenge dominant orientalist and balkanist frameworks, Helms argues that they ultimately reproduce (gendered) notions of opposing east and west civilizations.
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Slugan, Mario. "Responses to Balkanism in Emir Kusturica'sŽivot je čudo/Life is a Miracle(2004)." Studies in Eastern European Cinema 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/seec.2.1.37_1.

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Milanovic, Biljana. "Balkans as a cultural symbol in the Serbian music of the first half of the twentieth century." Muzikologija, no. 8 (2008): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz0808017m.

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Focus on the internalization of Western images in the Balkans has special significance in researching Serbian art. The functioning of Balkanism as it overlapped and intersected with Orientalism is indicated in the text by an examination of the cases of Petar Konjovic, Miloje Milojevic and Josip Slavenski, the three significant composers working in Serbia during the first half of the twentieth century. Their modernistic projects present different metaphors of the Balkans. Nevertheless each of them is marked by desire to change the Balkan image into a 'positive' one and thus stands as a special voice for Serbian and regional placing in European competition for musical spaces.
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Finney, Patrick. "Raising Frankenstein: Great Britain, ‘Balkanism’ and the Search for a Balkanlocarno in the 1920s." European History Quarterly 33, no. 3 (July 2003): 317–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914030333002.

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Velickovic, Vedrana. "Against Balkanism: Women's Academic Life-writing and Personal and Collective History in Vesna Goldsworthy'sChernobyl Strawberries." Women: A Cultural Review 21, no. 2 (August 2010): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09574040903000811.

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Cychnerski, Tomasz. "Dans quelle mesure la flexion roumaine et albanaise sont-elles convergentes ?" Slavia Meridionalis 15 (September 25, 2015): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sm.2015.009.

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To what extent are the Romanian and the Albanian inflection convergents?This paper presents the results of a short contrastive analysis of functional inflection in the contemporary Romanian and Albanian. Its aim is to determine convergences between these two languages on a highly general level. Nine morphological categories (number, person, gender, case, determination, voice, aspect, mode and tense) with all their main values are described here in each variable lexical class of both the Romanian and the Albanian language. Such a treatment of two corresponding lingusitic subsystems clearly demonstrates that differences overcome similarities, and supposed balkanisms are dubious on this level. W jakim stopniu zbieżne są fleksja rumuńska i fleksja albańska?W artykule przedstawiono wyniki wstępnej analizy kontrastywnej, obejmującej fleksję funkcjonalną współczesnych języków rumuńskiego i albańskiego. Podstawowym celem jest tu określenie, na bardzo ogólnym poziomie, zbieżności między tymi językami. Pod uwagę wzięto dziewięć kategorii morfologicznych (liczba, osoba, rodzaj, przypadek, określoność, strona, aspekt, tryb i czas) wraz z ich prymarnymi wartościami w każdej odmiennej klasie leksykalnej, tak rumuńskiej, jak i albańskiej. Takie potraktowanie odpowiadających sobie dwu językowych podsystemów wykazuje wprost, że różnice przeważają tu nad podobieństwami, a przypuszczalne bałkanizmy są na tym poziomie raczej wątpliwe.
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Dix, Hywel. "On Balkanism and Orientalism: undifferentiated patterns of perception in literary and critical representations of Eastern Europe." Textual Practice 29, no. 5 (April 2, 2015): 973–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0950236x.2015.1024722.

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Pavić, Željko, and Nataša Krivokapić. "Humour and ex-Yugoslav nations: is there any truth in the stereotypes?" European Journal of Humour Research 8, no. 1 (April 23, 2020): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/ejhr2020.8.1.pavic.

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This study explores the issue of humour stereotyping between ex-Yugoslav nations, their veridicality and possible explanations. Three research questions were put forward relating to humour stereotyping, as well as the differences in humour production, use and appreciation between the countries. The survey data were collected on a sample of university students from four ex-Yugoslav countries (N = 611). The results revealed strong negative humour stereotyping toward Croats and Slovenians and positive stereotyping toward Bosnians. However, only about 0–4 % of the variance in humour production, use and appreciation, depending on the sub-scales of the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, could be attributed to the group (country) membership, thus indicating low correspondence between the stereotypes and reality. The results concerning the stereotypes were interpreted by evoking the discourse of Balkanism, as well as humour-style differences in popular culture between the countries
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Mishkova, Diana. "The Politics of Regionalist Science: The Balkans as a Supranational Space in Late Nineteenth to Mid-Twentieth Century Academic Projects." East Central Europe 39, no. 2-3 (2012): 266–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-03903003.

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The article looks into the various scholarly (and disciplinary) conceptualizations of the Balkans/Southeastern Europe, which were spawned within the region itself prior to World War II. These regionalist schemes drew heavily on political values and relied on political support, while at the same time seeking to spearhead and legitimize political decisions or reformulate (geo)political visions. The article discusses the political implications of this scholarship with the idea to underscore notions of the Balkans which differed considerably from the one summarily and, in recent years, persistently conceptualized as mirroring the Western (discourse of) Balkanism. Not only were those notions more subtle and differentiated than an ‘orientalizing perspective’ would make us expect; a remarkable feature of the academic projects discussed here was their counterhegemonic thrust and the assertion that the Balkans are and should be treated as a subject.
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Babić, Staša, and Zorica Kuzmanović. "Balkan kao vremenska odrednica – Diskurs balkanizma u srpskoj arheologiji." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 10, no. 3 (February 28, 2016): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v10i3.1.

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The idea of universal linear course of time is an important element of the basic framework of reference of the archaeological research into the past. However, even the fundamental theoretical premises of the discipline, such as the conceptualization of time, may be changed and differently interpreted, depending upon the social and cultural context of research. The history of archaeology in Serbia testifies that, contrary to the generally implicit linear course of time, the regional past is seen as a series of repetitions, stagnations and detours, implying the assumption of a different, a-historical course of time in the Balkans. This narrative is especially noticeable in the works dealing with the role of the Classical Greek-Roman civilization in the Balkan past. The ambivalence of the leading narratives in Serbian archaeology towards the presumed sources of the European culture corresponds to the images of the Balkans identified by M. Todorova as the discourse of Balkanism.
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Doja, Albert. "From the German-speaking point of view: Unholy Empire, Balkanism, and the culture circle particularism of Albanian studies." Critique of Anthropology 34, no. 3 (August 21, 2014): 290–326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x14531834.

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Vezovnik, Andreja. "Balkan Immigrant Workers as Slovenian Victimized Heroes." Slavic Review 74, no. 2 (2015): 244–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0037677900001418.

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This article sheds light on recent discursive shifts in representations of the “Balkan” in the Slovenian press. I focus on the strategies that the media, and the left-wing press in particular, uses to construct the identities of immigrant workers in Slovenia. I use critical discourse analysis to show how the media has recently attempted to avoid Balkanism and tried to create a more inclusive, democratic rhetoric on these workers and how they become a legitimate “other” in Slovenian society only when constructed as helpless victims. I analyze the role of the victim in the Slovenian imaginary, its disillusioned hero a cogent signifier for collective national identification, and how this figure's characteristics are transposed to ex-Yugoslav immigrants to Slovenia, placing them within a rhetoric of victimization that is framed within a broader humanitarian discourse in order to interrogate what Maria Todorova has defined asBalkanism. I conclude by exploring victimization as the process of desubjectivation and point out aspects of victimization that reaffirm long-standing power relations between Europe and the Balkans.
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Bax, Mart. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Planned Policy or Primitive Balkanism? A Local Contribution to the Ethnography of the War in Bosnia-Herzegovina." Ethnos 65, no. 3 (January 2000): 317–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00141840050198018.

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Trefilova, Olga V. "Bulgarian Folk Demonology: A Brief Overview." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 15, no. 3-4 (2020): 160–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2020.15.3-4.11.

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This paper attempts to present Bulgarian demonology holistically and structurally in accordance with the scheme proposed by representatives of the Moscow Ethnolinguistic School to describe mythological characters: their nominations, genesis, functions, and areal characteristics. Bulgarian folk spiritual culture is characterized by a certain integrity, but ethno-cultural differences can divide the tradition into Eastern and Western or Northern and Southern; the Bulgarian-Serbian-Macedonian border area is distinguished as a special area where mythological beliefs and ethno-cultural vocabulary are more fully represented compared to other regions of Bulgaria. When describing the Bulgarian tradition, it is important to keep in mind that many categories of Bulgarian demons are semantic Balkanisms – ethno-cultural terms common in the Balkan area and semantically different in local traditions. In this paper, mythological characters are grouped into four sections: 1) spirits of home and natural space, which includes such spirits as owners of loci, samodivi (fairies), “wild people”; 2) mythologized natural phenomena and human states (with such subgroups as atmospheric demons; demons of fate; personalized diseases, human states, jinxes; spirits-intimidators); 3) spirits of dead people (wandering dead, spirits of dead unbaptized children); 4) people with supernatural properties. Additionally, demonological characters are divided into calendar and non-calendar demons. The boundaries between groups are permeable; in addition, for non-calendar demons, in some cases, it is also possible to talk about their seasonal activity. The article is divided into two parts. In the first part of the article we offer a brief overview of the literature which attempts to systematically study Bulgarian demonology.
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Petrovic-Trifunovic, Tamara. "Articulation of resistance in the discourse of the 1996/97 Serbian protests: Political struggle through culture and symbolic geography." Sociologija 59, no. 4 (2017): 476–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1704476p.

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The present article analyzes the discursive articulation of resistance to the regime of Slobodan Milosevic during the civil and student protests in Serbia in the winter of 1996/97. By applying critical discourse analysis to the opposition press of the time, we find that the rhetoric during the protests centered around the notions of civilization and culture. In variations of orientalism, balkanism and ?urbocentric exclusivism,? the ?Us? and ?Them? identifications were constructed through mutually interlaced semantic pairs: civilization - backwardness, culture - primitivism, Europe - Balkans/Orient, urbanity - rurality and democracy - communism. By drawing on existing research on the role of symbolic geography and cultural distinctions in the creation of social cleavages in the post-Yugoslav societies, our analysis presents how cultural traits and affiliations, ?urbanity? and individual characteristics, such as intelligence, critical ability and sense of humor, were used for the framing of protests, but also as means of political struggle in the protests. A detailed reconstruction of discursive strategies of reporting on the protests allows for a contemporary assessment of the limits of protest politics articulated in this way, and its comparison with a recent wave of mobilization of citizens of Serbia in 2016 and 2017.
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Ballinger, Pamela. "Whatever Happened to Eastern Europe?" East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 31, no. 1 (February 2017): 44–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325416675020.

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This article is part of the special section titled Recursive Easts, Shifting Peripheries, guest edited by Pamela Ballinger. This article examines the critical purchase of the notion of Eastern Europe. Although scholarship exploring various easternisms flourished in the two decades following the Cold War’s end, for some observers this framework appears increasingly irrelevant for understanding contemporary Europe. The symbolic and political boundary processes marking out East and West within Europe, however, possess both deep histories and durable afterlives, as recent events (from the financial crisis to the Mediterranean refugee crisis) demonstrate. In refocusing our gaze on the (re)constructions of the East in European politics, this article does not advocate a mere reiteration of earlier perspectives on Orientalism (or Balkanism). Rather, the discussion points the way towards productive dialogue between bodies of literature on regionally specific variants of easternism while simultaneously introducing new concepts (such as the tidemark) into the debates. Furthermore, the essay makes the case for the continued salience of the periphery concept, which retains significance as a local category of meaning and practice in many European contexts. “Periphery” thus offers a particularly powerful lens through which to consider the recombinations and intersections of old distinctions—North versus South, East versus West—transforming the spatial, political, and cultural landscapes of contemporary Europe.
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Gligorijević, Jelena. "Contested Racial Imaginings of the Serbian Self and the Romani Other in Serbia’s Guča Trumpet Festival." Arts 9, no. 2 (April 26, 2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9020052.

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In this article, I will address issues of race using the “Romani question” in Serbia’s Guča trumpet festival as a case study. I will specifically consider a selection of Guča-related themes pertinent to the question of race, while simultaneously discussing the theoretical and ideological underpinnings of this complicated concept vis-à-vis issues of national identity representation in post-Milošević Serbia. Informed by previous critical studies of race and popular music culture in South/Eastern Europe within the larger postcolonial paradigm of Balkanism, this work will seek to illustrate the ambiguous ways in which the racialization of the Serbian Self and the Romani Other is occurring in the Guča Festival alongside the country’s and region’s persistent denial of race. Using the above approaches, I will conduct a critical cultural analysis of selected racial issues in the festival with reference to eclectic sources, including more recent critical debates about race and racism in South/Eastern Europe within the broader context of postsocialist transition, EU integration, and globalization. My final argument will be that, despite strong evidence that a critical cultural analysis of the “Romani question” in Serbia’s Guča Festival calls for a transnational perspective, earlier Balkanist discourse on Serbia’s indeterminate position between West and East seems to remain analytically most helpful in pointing to the uncontested hegemony of Western/European white privilege and supremacy.
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Velicu, Irina. "The Aesthetic Post-Communist Subject and the Differend of Rosia Montana." Studies in Social Justice 6, no. 1 (November 1, 2012): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v6i1.1072.

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By challenging the state and corporate prerogatives to distinguish between “good” and “bad” development, social movements by and in support of inhabitants of Rosia Montana (Transylvania) are subverting prevailing perceptions about Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)’s liberal path of development illustrating its injustice in several ways that will be detailed in this article under the heading “inhibitions of political economy” or Balkanism. The significance of the “Save Rosia Montana” movement for post-communism is that it invites post-communist subjects to reflect and revise their perception about issues such as communism, capitalism and development and to raise questions of global significance about the fragile edifice of justice within the neo-liberal capitalist economy. However, resistance to injustice (and implicitly affirmations of other senses of justice) is an ambiguous discursive practice through which Rosieni make sense as well as partake their sense of Rosia Montana. The movement brings about a public dispute which may be compared with a differend: (in Lyotard’s words), a conflict that cannot be confined to the rules of “cognitive phrases,” of truth and falsehood. This article argues that while post-communist events of “subjectification” are unstable and thus, are to be viewed aesthetically, this same ambiguous multiplication of political subjectivity may facilitate the creation of social spaces for imagining alternative possibilities of development.
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Kiss, Tamás. "Escaping the “Balkanizing” Gaze? Perceptions of Global and Internal Developmental Hierarchies in Romania." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 31, no. 3 (May 14, 2017): 565–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325417701816.

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The article presents the perceptions of global and internal developmental hierarchies in Romania. According to our empirical results, the Western-centred developmental paradigm has deeply penetrated the worldviews of ordinary people in Romania. As a consequence, national self-perceptions, respectively, constructions of internal regional and ethnic differences in Romania, are powerfully shaped by the idea of East–West developmental hierarchies. Melegh introduced the concept of an “East–West slope” to denote a discursive construction used since the eighteenth century. This construction suggests that there is a gradual decline of development (or “civilization”) as one moves from the West (North West) toward the East (South East). The author argues that this framework not only defines how Romanians position themselves in the global developmental hierarchy but also how they define their internal (regional and ethnic) hierarchies. The article also discusses Todorova’s concept of Balkanism. This interpretive framework not only defines the perceptions of external observers but (following a process of cultural penetration) may also shape the self-perceptions of those involved. This article argues that Romanians have succeeded in avoiding—at least partially—the most severe consequence of the “Balkanizing gaze,” which is a constant sense of inferiority. It is also important, however, that this Balkanizing gaze can be reproduced at a national/local level and (in interrelation with other types of developmental discourses) can organize internal hierarchies.
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Djeric, Gordana. "To sleep, perchance to dream... or staying awake: On Balkanism and the failure of the constructivist standpoint in Serbia: A view from the past." Filozofija i drustvo, no. 31 (2006): 195–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid0631195d.

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The paper examines the meanings of representations of Serbia, the Balkans and Europe at the time of encounter between Enlightenment and Romanticist traditions. The analysis starts from the assumption that the emergence of negative representations of South Eastern Europe cannot be discussed without placing it within the broader context of 18th and 19th century philosophy and literature and the consequences of new philosophical and literary ideas. Underlying the substantial change of the previously dominant paradigms that is expressed in the symbolic division into 'West' and "East', there was a factual rather than symbolic division into an industrial and an agricultural Europe, whose boundaries coincided with the reference points of the symbolic distinction. Insisting on the importance of both analytic levels - the 'symbolic' and the 'factual' - the first section of the paper briefly outlines the development of symbolic geography in the context of 'Balkan' studies ('Balkan variations of orientalism' or 'balkanism') in the 1990s, as well as the failure of this genre and the constructivist paradigm in Serbian social theory. The second section is devoted to the discourses of conceptualizing broader communities in symbolic, linguistic, imagological, cultural, political, economic etc. terms, focusing on the beginnings of ideological and linguistic unification of South Slavs and their inclusion into the "enlightened Europe". By analyzing Vuk Stefanovia: Karadzix's writings, as well as correspondence, articles and commentaries referring to Vuk's work in the first half of the 19th century, the author takes the perspective of the past in order to identify the reasons for the failure of imagological and constructivist approach today.
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NOVAK, Olga. "THE TRENDS OF REDUCTION OF THE PHONEMIC STRUCTURE OF THE WORD AS A GENERAL PROBLEM OF SLAVIC TYPOLOGICAL RESEARCH." Ezikov Svyat volume 19 issue 2, ezs.swu.v19i2 (May 1, 2021): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/ezs.swu.bg.v19i2.3.

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This research is dedicated to spirantization, elision and substitution of the phoneme /h/ as the specific feature of the South Slavic dialects represented in a South Slavic dialect continuum, but reflected in different ways in literary languages. Throughout the Bulgarian linguistic territory the phoneme [h] is consistently preserved in its etymological place only in the Rupian dialects, more accurately only in the Rhodope (Middle Rupian) and Thracian (South Rupian) dialects. In Serbocroatistics the problem of the status and functioning of the phoneme [h] is challenging. In the Serbian and the Croatian languages the instability of consonant phonemes is not only the feature of the dialectal continuum, but also of the literary speech which only emphasizes the close connection between these forms of the language. The listed characteristics of the phonetic model of a word in South Slavic dialects can be attributed to the number of syntagmatic features that are specific to vocal-type systems according to A. Isachenko's classification. It states that the typological sign has not only a static form (a system of phonemes, their number and ratio), but also a dynamic one (rules for the combination of sounds). Taking into consideration the fact that the instability of /h/ is not a common Slavic feature, I consider it possible to agree with the conclusions of the Slavicists that this phoneme sounded differently in Slavic dialects in the late Slavic period. The instability of the phoneme /h/ in South Slavic dialects and the tendency to it substitutions can be regarded as Slavic Balkanism.
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Darabus, Carmen. "Bizanțul în filtrul balcanic – poezie română din a doua jumătate a secolului XX / Byzantium in Balkanic filter – Romanian poetry in the second part of twentieth century." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 3, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v3i1.20416.

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Talking about Balkanism in Romanian contemporary poetry means to betray, to a certain extent required by degradation or alteration, some literary themes and motifs. Finding ourselves in a geographical area of cultural contaminations, the influence of other peoples in Balkans comes naturally: the nostalgia of Byzantium perfection, continuous reporting at an ideal time, abstraction of the chronology. Balkan themes and motives in poetry are identifiable from the early writings of Romanian literature, including the folklore, with Anton Pann, the Vacarescu and Conachi poets – and their ludic descriptivism – , to Ion Barbu, who strikes a metaphysical note in the Balkan motifs, and later, in the second part of twentieth century, with the species of parody. The Romanian native receptivity allowed continuous assimilations without creating an unpleasant heterogeneous feeling. This openness has contributed decisively in a formative way to bring Byzantium on a new soil in a perfect and saturated array; the perfectibility is not possible anymore, so the failure was natural, in a degraded status – Constantinople. Oriental-Byzantine gravity becomes in Oriental-Balkan tragedy or comedy, balance slid to one extreme, sometime becoming ridiculous. Contemporary poetry does not express any more a true lament, but a kind of parody (in ludic poetry) or sheer contempt (in the solemn poetry). The Balkan intelligence is not critical, but creative, with the risk of perpetuating monstrous forms, beyond good and evil. Byzantium established itself through a double filter – for the East and for the West – influencing and being influenced, in turn. Romanian poetry has the full sequence of themes and aesthetic formulae, from tragic to comic, often switching rapidly from one edge to the other, taking into account the old Thracian solemn part, then the proud Byzantium and its absorption in Constantinople – all rolling in a series of formal expressions reflected in themes and vocabulary.
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Rusek, Zbigniew. "O instrumentach, narzędziach, przyrządach, przyborach w językach słowiańskich." Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej 46 (September 25, 2015): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/sfps.2011.010.

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Names for instruments, tools, devices and accessories in Slavonic languagesThis article is devoted to the names for ‘instruments’, ‘tools’, ‘devices’ and ‘accessories’ in Slavonic languages. As it was described in this paper, there is no common name, which is an equivalent of Latin ‘instrumentum’ in Slavonic languages. The name, coming from Latin instrumentum, is known in the majority of the languages (except Czech and Slovak), but its scope of the meaning is not the same. In Polish it concerns only musical and medical (mainly surgical, dental, laryngological) instruments, but for instance in Bulgarian and Macedonian it is also used in the meaning ‘tool’ (sometimes also in Serbo-Croatian). In Slovenian it is used both in the meaning ‘musical instrument’, but also ‘special device, used in medical, scientific and measurement purpose’. This name has also a wide range of meaning in the East-Slavonic languages, especially in Russian (concerns not only to musical and medical (surgical) instruments, but also to any tool, used by craftsmen). The name, continuing *pri-borъ is known in the majority of Slavonic languages, but their semantic scope is different (the largest is in Serbo-Croatian). An Old Slavonic word *orǫdьje in the majority of the Slavonic languages has the meaning ‘tool, instrument’, in some languages means ‘canon’, but in Polish it has quite different meaning (for instance, Orędzie Prezydenta RP). The noun, continuing *na-rędъ is present in each West-Slavonic language, and – with a preffix – also in the East Slavonic. The noun, coming from the *pri-rędъ, exists only in Polish, but it has an equivalent *pri-ladъ in Ukrainian and Byelorussian. The word, origins from Turkish alât is a lexical Balkanism, noticed only in the languages of Balkan Slaves (Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian). Other names for ‘instruments, tools, devices, accessories’, described in this article, are not common, and exist only in separate languages.
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Calic, Marie-Janine. "Beyond Balkanism: The Scholarly Politics of Region Making. By Diana Mishkova. Routledge Borderland Studies. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Routledge, 2019. x, 282 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Chronology. Index. $112.00, hard bound." Slavic Review 78, no. 4 (2019): 1055–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/slr.2019.272.

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50

Archer, Rory. "Assessing Turbofolk Controversies: Popular Music between the Nation and the Balkans." Southeastern Europe 36, no. 2 (2012): 178–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633312x642103.

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This article explores controversies provoked by the Serbian pop-folk musical style “turbofolk” which emerged in the 1990s. Turbofolk has been accused of being a lever of the Milošević regime – an inherently nationalist cultural phenomenon which developed due to the specific socio-political conditions of Serbia in the 1990s. In addition to criticism of turbofolk on the basis of nationalism and war-mongering, it is commonly claimed to be “trash,” “banal,” “pornographic,” “(semi-)rural,” “oriental” and “Balkan.” In order to better understand the socio-political dimensions of this phenomenon, I consider other Yugoslav musical styles which predate turbofolk and make reference to pop-folk musical controversies in other Balkan states to help inform upon the issues at stake with regard to turbofolk. I argue that rather than being understood as a singular phenomena specific to Serbia under Milošević, turbofolk can be understood as a Serbian manifestation of a Balkan-wide post-socialist trend. Balkan pop-folk styles can be understood as occupying a liminal space – an Ottoman cultural legacy – located between (and often in conflict with) the imagined political poles of liberal pro-European and conservative nationalist orientations. Understanding turbofolk as a value category imbued with symbolic meaning rather than a clear cut musical genre, I link discussions of it to the wider discourse of Balkanism. Turbofolk and other pop-folk styles are commonly imagined and articulated in terms of violence, eroticism, barbarity and otherness the Balkan stereotype promises. These pop-folk styles form a frame of reference often used as a discursive means of marginalisation or exclusion. An eastern “other” is represented locally by pop-folk performers due to oriental stylistics in their music and/or ethnic minority origins. For detractors, pop-folk styles pose a danger to the autochthonous national culture as well as the possibility of a “European” and cosmopolitan future. Correspondingly I demonstrate that such Balkan stereotypes are invoked and subverted by many turbofolk performers who positively mark alleged Balkan characteristics and negotiate and invert the meaning of “Balkan” in lyrical texts.
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