Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ball Bearing

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ball Bearing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Ball Bearing"

1

Cross, Rod. "Ball bearings and bearing balls." American Journal of Physics 89, no. 1 (January 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/10.0002859.

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Zhao, Yanling, Gang Zhou, and Qiyu Wang. "Discrete Dynamics of Balls in Cageless Ball Bearings." Symmetry 14, no. 11 (October 25, 2022): 2242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14112242.

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Cageless ball bearings are often preferred as a back-up bearing for active magnetic bearings to support a falling rotor, but the contact between the balls of the cageless ball bearing may lead to the deterioration of the bearing performance and affect the dynamic stability of the rotor system. Thus, we studied the discrete dynamics of cageless ball bearings. First, a model is proposed to change the groove curvature center of the local outer raceway to control the ball velocity to achieve dispersion. Combined with the spatial geometry theory, the mathematical model of the discrete raceway is established, the collision between the balls is considered as an abruptly added constraint, and the non-smooth dynamics equation of the cageless ball bearing with a local discrete raceway is established. Then, the fourth-order Adams prediction correction algorithm is used to numerically solve the dynamic discretization of the ball, and the structural parameters of the discrete raceway are preferably selected, according to the phase diagram of the ball and the change in the angular spacing. The results show that the structure of the discrete raceway has a strong influence on the discrete dynamics of the ball.
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Ohta, Hiroyuki, and Shinya Satake. "Vibrations of the All-Ceramic Ball Bearing." Journal of Tribology 124, no. 3 (May 31, 2002): 448–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1456455.

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All-ceramic ball bearings with silicone nitride balls and silicone nitride rings were tested and the vibration characteristics were compared with those of hybrid ceramic ball bearings and conventional steel ball bearings. The vibration measurement results showed that the overall vibratory velocity levels of the all-ceramic ball bearings are influenced by rotational velocities, and do not change with axial loads. Under a given axial load and rotational velocity, the overall vibratory velocity level of the all-ceramic ball bearing is the lowest, and the hybrid ball bearing the highest. The frequencies of main peaks in the measured vibration spectra of the all-ceramic ball bearing are higher than the frequencies of the corresponding main peaks for the hybrid ceramic ball bearing and the steel ball bearing. To explain the main peaks, modal analysis was done and the relationship between peak and natural vibration was analyzed. The results of the analyses showed that the main peaks are caused by: (1) the mass-type natural vibration of the outer ring in the vertical direction, (2) the bending natural vibration of the outer ring in the radial direction, (3) the moment of inertia-type natural vibration of the outer ring in the angular direction, (4) the mass-type natural vibration of the outer ring in the axial direction, and (5) the bending natural vibration of the outer ring in the axial direction. We also discuss the generating mechanism of the vibration and present the calculation method of the vibration spectra. As a result, it is clear that the vibration spectra of the all-ceramic ball bearing are determined by the amplitude of the waviness of the raceways and ball surface, the mobility, and the non-linear spring constant associated with the contact between the raceways and balls.
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Berrada, S., R. Serra, P. V. Dalen, and C. Chastagner. "Impact of low inner ring waviness orders on hybrid ball bearing under high speeds." Proceedings of the International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Asset Management 2023, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/cm2023.2f3.

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Deep groove ball bearings (DGBB) are widely used in rotating equipment in many fields among which we have electric vehicle Powerpack, so very demanding in terms of noise and vibration. Geometrical design, clearance, component material, and lubricant properties influence vibratory behavior and bearing life cycle. In rotating machines, bearings are acting as friction reducers to allow a smooth rotation but are also exciters inducing vibrations due to the rotation of ball set, even in the case of a theoretical perfect bearing. Bearing performance depends highly on contact surface quality (ring races and balls surface). In a ball bearing, contact surface quality results from several manufacturing processes (heat treatment, turning, grinding, honing and assembly) and directly affects the noise and vibration levels generated by the bearing in the application. Also, component materials and hardness will affect the contact forces between balls and rings path on rotating bearings. Hybrid bearings are known for their performance when operating under high rotation speeds. In this article, inner and outer ring low waviness orders are studied on Hybrid Deep Groove Ball Bearings (DGBB). Both numerical model and, experimental tests were carried out to study the effect of rings waviness on hybrid bearing under high rotation speed.
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Xue, Jiang, Wang, and He. "Accurate Detection Method of Aviation Bearing Based on Local Characteristics." Symmetry 11, no. 9 (August 21, 2019): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11091069.

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Aviation bearing assembled detection is the final barrier to quality and safety. Therefore, an accurate detection method of aviation bearing that is based on local characteristics is designed to solve the detection problem of mis-assembly and miss-assembly of balls in aviation bearing assembled. When considering the spatial limitation of aviation bearing assembled image acquisition, the dynamic distribution of balls and the interference of lubricating grease on the surface, a dynamic local ball segmentation model that is based on U-Net network with symmetrical structure is designed to achieve the accurate segmentation of the local ball region of aviation bearing. Subsequently, an incomplete circle fitting algorithm is designed based on the segmented local ball image and Hough transform principle. These two algorithms make the measurement error of aviation bearing ball size less than 100 μm. Using bearings validates the algorithm. The results show that the accuracy of dynamic local ball segmentation model that is based on U-Net network with symmetrical structure is over 99%. At the same time, on the basis of accurate segmentation in aviation bearing local ball, the designed Hough circle algorithm is used for circle detection. The experimental results show that the false detection rate of mis-assembly and miss-assembly of balls is less than 3%. Further, the goal of zero-missed detection of mis-assembly and miss-assembly of balls in aviation bearing is achieved. The accurate segmentation of aviation bearing local ball and the effective identification of mis-assembly and miss-assembly of balls are realized. This method can provide a theory for the improvement of mis-assembly and miss-assembly of balls detection in aviation bearing. Furthermore, it has high application value.
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Zhang, Ke, Xianchao Wu, Xiaotian Bai, Zinan Wang, Defang Zou, and Jie Sun. "Effect of the Lubrication Parameters on the Ceramic Ball Bearing Vibration in Starved Conditions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10041237.

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The thickness of the oil film in ceramic ball bearings varies greatly at starved lubrication conditions, thus leading to non-uniform contact between the balls and raceways in the circumference. The lubrication parameters have a direct impact on the thickness of the oil film and then affect the dynamic characteristics of the ceramic ball bearings. A nonlinear dynamic model of ceramic ball bearing with limited lubrication is presented in this paper, and parametric studies on the effect of lubrication parameters are conducted. In starved conditions, the uneven contact between the ball and ring leads to changes in vibration, and the inner ring vibration is applied to evaluate the degree of starved lubrication. The results show that as the oil quantity increases, the bearing stiffness increases and results in increased peak frequency. As the oil quantity decreases, the thickness of the oil film reduces, resulting in the bearing vibration increase. The research findings provide a theoretical reference for ceramic ball bearing design and have guided significance for improving the service performance of ceramic ball bearings.
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Miner, J. R., J. Dell, A. T. Galbato, and M. A. Ragen. "F117-PW-100 Hybrid Ball Bearing Ceramic Technology Insertion." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 118, no. 2 (April 1, 1996): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2816608.

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Results of an Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) sponsored project to demonstrate the operational benefits of incorporating advanced structural ceramic ball elements into the F117-PW-100 aircraft gas turbine engine high rotor thrust bearings is described. This program consists of design, fabrication, and experimental evaluation of candidate hybrid ball bearing designs in Pratt & Whitney and MRC Bearings test facilities. The bearing design criteria and development test conditions utilized for the project are compatible with the requirements of the F117-PW-100 engine system application. Two hybrid bearing designs were produced by analytically varying internal geometry features such as M-50 race curvatures and contact angles to optimize for the modulus of elasticity of the ceramic balls. CERBEC grade NBD 200 silicon nitride ceramic balls (1 1/8 in. size) demonstrated integrity and a quadruple rolling contact fatigue life improvement versus state-of-the-art M-50 steel balls in single ball test rigs. Thermal performance data obtained in full-scale bearing rig performance testing with 178 mm size hybrid and all-steel baseline bearings shows comparable characteristics. The hybrid bearing displayed a distinct survivability benefit in bearing liquid lubricant starvation testing. Two dozen hybrid bearings will be fabricated for full-scale bearing rig endurance tests to be conducted in 1995–1996 as a prerequisite to validation in operating F117-PW-100 engines in 1996–1997.
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Zhao, Yi, Jin Yao, and Chun Tong. "Optimization Design of Rectangular Cross-Sectional Wire Race Ball Bearing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 553–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.553.

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Wire race ball bearing with large radial size and small axial size, saves space extremely, and is widely used in rotary devices of large machineries. This paper establishes a mathematical model of optimization design of rectangular cross-sectional wire race ball bearing,and considers minimum friction torque as objective function, and analyses constraints of contact intensity and design specifications of wire race ball bearing, and forges an optical design method that determines the number of balls, the diameter of ball, the contact angle and the diameter of ball center circle as optimal design parameters, to attain the purpose of extending bearings life. Comparing results of Optimization with original sample, the friction torque of ball that bears maximum load reduces by 10.20%. This method provides a reference for conducting further scientific researches on wear of wire race ball bearing.
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Wang, L.-Q., L. Cui, L. Gu, and D.-Z. Zheng. "Study on dynamic characteristics of angular ball bearing with non-linear vibration of rotor system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes817.

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A rotor system supported by an angular ball bearing displays very complicated non-linear behaviour due to non-linear Hertzian contact force. The non-linear force and moment caused by the ball bearing are calculated on the basis of the relationship between deflection, and five-degree-of-freedom dynamic equations of the rotor ball bearing system are established. The Newmark-β method and the Newton—Raphson method are used to solve the non-linear equations. The dynamic characteristics of angular ball bearings are computed, considering the non-linear vibration of the rotor system. Taking angular ball bearing QJS208ACQ4C1/HNP4 as an example, the effects of the vibration of the rotor system on bearing dynamic characteristics are analysed. The results show that the spin-to-roll ratio of balls, the slide ratio of the cage, and stiffness of the bearing all vary obviously with the non-periodic vibration range of the rotor; initial contact angle and axial load of the ball bearing change the non-linear dynamic nature of the rotor system and dynamic characteristics of the bearing. The rotor ball bearing system can work stably by choosing the structural and operation parameters reasonably.
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Gao, Xiang, and Chen Yang Zhang. "A Study on Measuring Method for 3D Motion of Balls in High-Speed Ball Bearings." Advanced Materials Research 199-200 (February 2011): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.199-200.449.

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In order to simply and accurately measure the realistic motion of balls in a ball bearing, a method called the static oblique coordinates is proposed to measure the 3D motion of balls in an angular contact ball bearing. This measuring method utilizes Hall elements as the sensors which are assembled on the side of outer race and cage of the ball bearing with magnetized balls. The voltage signals of the Hall sensors are collected online and applied to calculate and analyze the variation of magnetic axis of the magnetized ball, from which the 3D motion of the balls can be calculated. The basic principles and experiment method of the measuring method are illustrated. This method has simple structure without damaging the bearing, by which the bearing’s real motion can be studied consequently with a high precision. The magnetization and magnetic pole detection methods in this study effectively solved the problem of magnetized balls’ magnetism un-uniformity which causes the measure signal chaos.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ball Bearing"

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Rommelaere, Simon. "Ball Bearing Design Tool Evaluation​." Thesis, KTH, Rymdteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-219425.

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This report has been written during my internship/master thesis at Thales Alenia Space, Cannes, FRANCE. The subject of the thesis is ball bearing design, and is focused on the software RBSDyn. This software has been developed by CNES, the French Center for Space Studies, and is used to simulate bearings behaviors under various conditions. My mission was to verify, test and implement this software for the company. In order to do so, the first step was to understand the bearing theory, which is the first part of this report. The second step was to use the software and verify its results, which is presented in the second section. Eventually, the final goal of this internship was to create a sequence to help Thales Alenia Space engineers to design and select bearings, using this software and an Excel tool that needed to be created. Note that for confidentiality reasons, the values and names used for internal TAS mechanisms have been removed of this document.
Denna rapport sammanfattar ett examensarbete som utfördes vid Thales Alenia Space, Cannes, Frankrike. Ämnet var utformning av kullager för utfällbara strukturer inom rymdindustrin och fokuserade på mjukvaran RBSDyn. Denna mjukvara har utvecklats av det franska rymdcentret CNES och används för att simulera kullagers beteende när de utsätts för olika laster. Uppdraget i examensarbetet var att verifiera, testa och implementera denna mjukvara för Thales Alenia Space. Det första steget i detta arbete var att gå igenom viktiga grundläggande samband inom kullagerteori. Det andra steget var att att verifiera resultaten från RBSDyn med de grundläggande sambanden. Det sista steget var att skapa en lämplig procedur för utformning av kullager; en procedur som ingenjörerna på Thales Alenia Space kan följa för att välja och utforma kullager för olika utfällbara strukturer. Proceduren innefattar mjukvarorna RBSDyn och Excel. Av sekretessskäl så har vissa värden och namn på utfällbara strukturer utelämnats i denna rapport.
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Ribadeneira, M. Xavier. "Ball bearing diagnostics with multiple sensors." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18963.

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Hergert, Robert J. "Rotary micro-ball bearing designs for MEMS applications." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/40060.

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Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology allows the fabrication of small mechanical systems in silicon using standard micro-fabrication pro- cesses. MEMS techniques have found wide acceptance in such devices as ac- celerometers, micro-mirrors, resonators, probes, and micro-tweezers to name a few. Though small linear motions are common in MEMS applications, few devices exhibit reliable rotary motion. This work explores several methods of fabricating rotary bearings using micro-balls as the support mechanism. Micro-ball bearings have several advantages over other MEMS bearing tech- nologies in that they provide robust mechanical support, require no external control systems, and basic designs require very few fabrication steps. Ball cages or retainers are common in macro-scale bearings, providing uniform spacing between the balls. Several cage designs are proposed and explored in this work: a radial ball bearing with an integrated ball cage, a dual-row style cage, and ve unique cage geometries integrated into silicon micro-turbines (SMTs.) Also, an example of a curved or angular contact race- way is presented as an example of this type of raceway geometry in MEMS devices. Each is presented with a discussion of the design considerations and fabrication process. This is followed by a characterization of the performance of each design. These studies found that the integrated cage in the radial ball bearing performs well at speeds ranging up to 20 000RPM. Minimal wear was ob- served after 6 hours of continuous testing. However, the solder bond in the cage was a common failure point in these devices, limiting the reliability and longevity. The dual groove style cage was designed to eliminate the solder bond. However, the higher frictional forces between the ball and the cage in this design resulted in higher losses during operation. Taking into account the higher losses and the added complexity of the design, it seems unlikely that this approach would be appropriate for further study. However, the design does represent a novel approach for releasing multi-wafer rotary structures and is presented here as example of this technique. Testing of the cage de- signs for the SMTs indicated that a full ring design (a full annulus with holes for the balls) performed the best of the 5 cage geometries. However, these devices do not perform as well as cage-less designs for high speed applications due to higher ctional forces and increased raceway wear at the interface be- tween the ball and the raceway edge. Finally, the curved raceway has shown excellent performance up to 2500RPM with normal loads up to 40mN in tribometer testing. SMTs with this raceway desing were also tested for over 10 million revolutions and at speeds over 70 000RPM. The test results for all of the bearings designs presented here show that the devices exhibit stable operation at low to moderately high speeds.
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Adolfsson, Erik. "Simplified finite element bearing modeling : with NX Nastran." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad mekanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-255398.

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This report was produced at the request of ABB Robotics and the work was conducted at their facilities in Västerås, Sweden. In the development of industrial robots the structures are slimmed to increase the accuracy and speed. When conducting finite element analysis on the robots the accuracy of the component modelling and definitions of the boundary conditions becomes more important. One such component is the ball bearing which consist of several parts and has a nonlinear behavior where the balls are in contact with the rings. The task given was to develop new methods to model roller bearings in Siemens finite element modelling software NX Nastran. Then conduct a strain measurement, to compare the methods to real experimental values. The goal with the report is to find one or more methods to model roller bearings, with accurate results, that can beused in their development work. The report was conducted by first doing a study on bearings and finite element modeling, and learning to use the software NX Nastran. Then the development of the methods were done by generating ideas for bearing models and testing them on simple structures. Nine methods was produced and a tenth, the method used to model bearings today, was used as a reference. The methods was used to build bearing models in a finite element model of a six axis robot wrist. Simulations were done on the models with different load cases and the results were compared to a strain measurement of the wrists real counterpart. Only six of the models were analyzed in the result, since four of the models returned results that were deemed unusable. When compiling the result data no model was found to accurately recreate the stresses in every load case. Three methods, that allow deformation, performed similarly. One of them is suggested to be used as modelling method in the future. Worst of the methods, according to the results compiled, was found to be the method used today. It fails to describe local stresses around the bearing. For continued work it is suggested that linear contact elements is studied further. Four out of five models constructed with linear contact elements failed to return satisfactory results.
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Gunduz, Aydin. "Multi-Dimensional Stiffness Characteristics of Double Row Angular Contact Ball Bearings and Their Role in Influencing Vibration Modes." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1326397623.

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Westsson, David. "Simulation of torque caused by the lubrication fluid in a ball bearing." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-126563.

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Hirst, Derek John. "Failure of the elastohydrodynamic lubrication of ball bearing components at very high speeds." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.676730.

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Sandström, Tobias. "Condition Monitoring of Ceramic Ball Bearings in an Engine Testing Dynamometer." Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-183126.

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The choice of the topic addressed in this thesis aims to improve the service and maintenance on ceramic ball bearings in a specific test dynamometer and through an engineering approach develop tools for condition monitoring. The company connected to this thesis, AVL, is the world's largest privately owned company for development, simulation and testing technology of powertrains for passenger cars, trucks and large engines. Engine testing is a critical part of the business at AVL Sweden and unexpected bearing failure can result in long repair times and great economic losses due to loss of the testing time. In short terms, the methodological approach followed the following steps; first a thorough information retrieval regarding bearings and analysis was conducted. The search was deepened around areas such as hybrid ball bearings, bearing failure mechanisms, bearing defect frequencies, signal analysis and condition monitoring. After this a table for bearing damage detection was developed and a “step by step” guidance for condition monitoring. The tools where afterwards verified by simple testing to detect complications within the chosen system. The existing condition monitoring system that is used today revealed weaknesses as it lacked the feature of taking preventive measures. The system that is based on temperature measurements isn’t satisfactory enough, especially when it’s missing visual clarity. Service and maintenance according to specifications from the manufacturer should be scheduled to ensure operational and guarantees. Currently mounted accelerometers on the housing of the Dynas3 engine should be connected for collecting data and the total sum of energy should be calculated for simple monitoring of historical progression. This should be done by following the guidance in order to ensure proper data acquisition. The best way to implement condition monitoring showed to be by performing multi-parameter monitoring. The design of the condition monitoring system is highly connected to what to monitor and at what stage. One main consideration to keep in mind is that it’s very rare that manufacturing defects are the reason for bearing failure. Instead it derives from improper storage, transport, handling or dimensional errors and even in some cases by improperly implemented force analysis prior to bearing selection.
Huvudämnet som behandlas i detta examensarbete syftar till att förbättra service och underhåll på keramiska kullager i en viss testdynamometer och genom ett ingenjörsmässigt tillvägagångsätt utveckla verktyg för tillståndsövervakning. Företaget som är ansluten till detta examensarbete är AVL som är världens största privatägda företag för utveckling, simulering och testteknik för drivlinor för personbilar, lastbilar och stora motorer. Motorprovning är en viktig del av verksamheten vid AVL Sverige, och ett oväntat lagerhaveri kan leda till långa reparationstider och stora ekonomiska förluster på grund av utebliven test tid. I korta termer följde den metod som använts följande steg, först genomfördes en grundlig informationssökning om lager och tillhörande analyser. Efter det fördjupades sökande kring områden som hybrida kullager, lagerskademekanismer, frekvenser kopplade till lagerskador, signalanalys och tillståndsövervakning. Efter detta framställdes en tabell för detektering av lagerskador, samt en ”steg för steg” guide för tillståndsövervakning. Verktygen för tillståndsövervakning kontrolleras efteråt, genom att enkla tester genomfördes för att upptäcka komplikationer inom det valda systemet. Det övervakningssystem som används idag avslöjade svagheter genom att sakna funktionen att vidta förebyggande åtgärder. System som är baserat på temperaturmätningar är inte tillräckligt tillfredsställande, speciellt när det saknar en visuell tydlighet. Den service och underhåll som enligt tillverkarens föreskrifter påvisas bör planeras för att säkerställa drift och garantier. Nuvarande monterade accelerometrar fästa vid motorhöljet bör anslutas för att insamla data, och den totala summan av energin bör beräknas för en enkel övervakning av det historiska utvecklingsförloppet. Detta bör göras genom att följa de riktlinjer som framställts för att säkerställa korrekt datainsamling. Det bäst passande sättet att genomföra tillståndsövervakning på i detta fall visade sig vara att utföra multiparameterövervakning. Framställningen av tillståndsövervakningssystemet är starkt förknippat med vad som skall övervakas och i vilket skede. En huvudsaklig bidragande faktor att komma ihåg är att det är mycket ovanligt att fabrikationsfel är orsaken till lagerhaveri. Istället härstammar haveriet från felaktig förvaring, transportering, hantering eller dimensioneringsfel och i vissa fall av felaktigt genomförd kraftanalys inför lagerval.
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Karlsson, Alexander, and Eric Marcus. "Evaluation of Strain and Temperature Measurements with Fiber Bragg Grating for Loss Verification and Heat Transfer of Ball Bearings." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-86149.

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Volvo Cars is in a change of producing only electric and hybrid cars by 2025.Subcomponent testing is a crucial part to ensure the quality of the individual buildingblocks in an electric machine. Any way of making these tests more reliable and less timeconsuming is of great interest at Volvo. Force and temperature on bearings are especiallyhard to measure accurately, because of their placement and dynamic behavior. Accurateand reliable measurements is also a vital part in creating realistic Computer-AidedEngineering (CAE) models for simulation purposes. Simulations on bearings could lead tobetter bearing choices and accelerate the design process. This could increase bearing lifeand increase the Electrical Vehicle (EV) range due to minimized friction losses. FiberBragg Grating (FBG) sensors is a technology that has some key advantages overconventional sensors. They are immune to EMI, smaller in size, can have multiple sensorsin one fiber and can measure multiple physical quantities at the same time. Volvo Cars isinterested in investigating whether this sensor technology could be a candidate forreplacing some of the current measurement setup configurations.The project was divided into three parts, validating sensor equipment, find method forinstallation and measurement on a bearing and development of a CAE model for bearinglosses and heat transfer. To validate the sensor equipment a Measurement SystemAnalysis (MSA) was performed on two FBG fibers, one FBG isolated from strain fortemperature measurement and one FBG array with multiple sensing points. From theMSA it could be seen that the FBG temperature sensor had a total uncertainty of 3.4 °CThe FBG array had a strain uncertainty of 1.04 μ𝜀 and a temperature uncertainty of 0.4 °C.The uncertainty of both the FBG array and the FBG temperature sensor is highlydependent on the calibration of the sensitivity constant. The force measurement on thebearing was done with a concept based on the wavelength difference, produced by strain,between two FBG sensors. The concept was tested in a dynamic component rig where anaxial force could be applied, and the wavelength difference measured. The temperatureon the outer ring of the bearing was measured using an FBG isolated from strain. The testresults were promising, but since the FBG is sensitive to temperature and strain theincreased temperature difference between the two fibers affected the results. Thecalibration method needs to be compensated for the increased temperature differencebetween the fibers which is generated when the rotational speed is increased, and thiscould not be done with a single temperature measurement. The two developed CAEmodels was both constructed in MATLAB and showed similar behavior with experimentaltests done by others. To validate the models, physical test for heat transfer and bearinglosses should be performed.
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Zhang, Qingning. "Experimental and analytical investigation into the two stage turbocharging systems for diesel engines." Thesis, University of Bath, 2016. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707566.

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The work described in this thesis aims to conduct a systematic study of the two stage turbocharging system to improve the Diesel engine transient performance as well as NOX and CO2 emissions with a focus on the improved turbocharger matching and the control of the charging system, through the use of high fidelity engine models backed by experimental results. To perform the analytical study, commercial 1D simulation software has been used in the process of system characterisation and control strategy design. To validate the analytical results, a two stage turbocharging system was installed on a production diesel engine and tested on a transient engine test bench. The test results were then used to further calibrate the 1D engine/turbocharger model. Several other technologies were also investigated in simulation to explore their potential to further improve the system. Unlike most studies in the literature, this project focused on the system benefit of the engine and turbochargers, instead of conducting optimisation solely at the component level. The engine global parameters, such as the engine fuel consumption, emission levels and the transient response were the main parameters to be considered and were also best suited to the strengths of the 1D simulation method. The interactive use of both the analytical and experimental methods was also a strong point of this study. A novel control strategy for the system was proposed and demonstrated in the simulation. Experiments confirmed the validity of this control strategy and provided data for further model calibration. The comparison of the test results of the baseline engine to those obtained with the two stage turbocharged engine system verified the benefits of the novel turbocharging arrangement and control scheme. Transient response (T1090) was improved, with a 50% faster torque rise at 1000 rpm; the fuel consumption over the NEDC was 4% lower and NOx emissions over the NEDC were 28% lower. In the meantime, the study also revealed shortcomings of the system, such as the lack of EGR control at low speed, low load condition and a mid-speed fuel consumption deterioration of 13% on average at 3000 rpm due to excessive back pressure. With a novel 1D model corroborated using test results, exploratory simulation was done to rectify the aforementioned shortcomings and to further improve the system. Simulation results showed that by implementing VGT and ball bearing technology in the high pressure stage of the two stage system, the EGR controllability at low speed was regained and the excessive back pressure at high speed was improved. Consequently, the fuel consumption was only increased by 1.3% compared to the baseline NEDC operation and the transient response was on par with the original two stage system, with only 0.05s slower in torque rise at 1000 rpm, and still 48% faster than the baseline VGT system. Furthermore, the NOx emission can be expected to be greatly improved in the upcoming more intensive drive cycles compared to the NEDC cycle, with simulation showing NEDC NOX emissions dropped by 1%, comparing to a substantial reduction of 11% in WLTC.
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Books on the topic "Ball Bearing"

1

Harris, Tedric A. Rolling bearing analysis. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley, 2001.

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Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers. Technical Committee on Bearings and Bearing Lubrication. Interpreting service damage in rolling type bearings: A manual on ball & roller bearing damage. Park Ridge, Ill: American Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers, 1993.

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N, Kotzalas Michael, ed. Advanced concepts of bearing technology. Boca Raton, Fla: Taylor & Francis, 2007.

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Harris, Tedric A. Rolling bearing analysis. 3rd ed. New York: Wiley, 1991.

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N, Kotzalas Michael, ed. Rolling bearing analysis. 5th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2007.

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Schuller, Fredrick T. Effect of two inner-ring oil-flow distribution schemes on the operating characteristics of a 35-millimeter-bore ball bearing to 2.5 million DN. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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Schuller, Fredrick T. Effect of two inner-ring oil-flow distribution schemes on the operating characteristics of a 35-millimeter-bore ball bearing to 2.5 million DN. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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Schuller, Fredrick T. Effect of two inner-ring oil-flow distribution schemes on the operating characteristics of a 35-millimeter-bore ball bearing to 2.5 million DN. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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Schuller, Fredrick T. Effect of two inner-ring oil-flow distribution schemes on the operating characteristics of a 35-millimeter-bore ball bearing to 2.5 million DN. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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Schuller, Fredrick T. Effect of two inner-ring oil-flow distribution schemes on the operating characteristics of a 35-millimeter-bore ball bearing to 2.5 million DN. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ball Bearing"

1

Chou, C.-H., P. Parent, and B. T. Khuri-Yakub. "A Sam Bearing Ball Inspection System." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation, 2091–96. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5772-8_269.

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Beswick, John M. "Chapter 19 | Bearing Ball Material Science." In Rolling Bearing Steel: Design, Technology, Testing and Measurements, 361–78. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/mnl8320200021.

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Danyluk, Michael, and Anoop Dhingra. "Rolling Contact Testing of Ball Bearing Elements." In Rolling Contact Fatigue in a Vacuum, 35–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11930-4_3.

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Takeuchi, Yoshimi R., Sean E. Davis, and Matthew A. Eby. "Steel and Hybrid Spacecraft Ball-Bearing Thermal Conductance Comparisons." In Rolling Element Bearings, 118–42. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp104234.

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Takeuchi, Yoshimi R., Sean E. Davis, and Matthew A. Eby. "Steel and Hybrid Spacecraft Ball-Bearing Thermal Conductance Comparisons." In Rolling Element Bearings, 1–25. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp104234t.

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Ni, Wenjun, and Chang Zhang. "Dynamic Simulation and Vibration Analysis of Rolling Bearing with Outer Ring Defects." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 705–13. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7887-4_61.

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Abstract The statement is about establishing a finite element dynamic analysis model for a rolling bearing with a pit defect on its outer ring surface. Considering the influence factors such as load, speed, contact and friction, the dynamic response of the bearing outer ring surface with pit defects is studied. The shear stress when the ball enters and leave the defect and the vibration acceleration change between the rolling element and the outer ring are analyzed. Based on the shear stress distribution and vibration response information inside the structure, the fault mechanism of high-speed bearings can be further studied, which furnish a theoretical foundation for improving maintenance and management level for such equipment.
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Vegter, R. H., T. Buslaps, Y. Kadin, and H. A. Verschoor. "Measurement of Residual Stresses in Ball Bearings by Synchrotron Radiation." In Bearing Steel Technologies: 10th Volume, Advances in Steel Technologies for Rolling Bearings, 1–12. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp158020140041.

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Mogal, S. P., and S. N. Palhe. "Experimental Investigations of Multiple Faults in Ball Bearing." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 151–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6469-3_14.

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Henein, Colin Marc, and Tony White. "The Microscopic Model and the Panicking Ball-Bearing." In Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics 2008, 569–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04504-2_51.

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Ritzhaupt-Kleissl, H. J., A. Kühne, and R. Oberacker. "Optimized Fabrication of Silicon Nitride Ball Bearing Parts." In Hot Isostatic Pressing— Theory and Applications, 165–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2900-8_26.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ball Bearing"

1

Verma, Ajay Kumar, and Parveen Kumar Saini. "Analysis of Vibration Model to Study the Effect of Defect Sizes and Load on Stiffness, Contact Deformation, and Contact Force Variation in Deep Groove Ball Bearing." In 2024 8th International Conference on Materials Engineering and Nano Sciences & 2024 8th International Conference on Material Engineering and Manufacturing, 79–86. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3oxxvp.

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In this paper, the vibration model has been suggested to study the local defects in the deep groove ball-bearing system. MATLAB is used to solve the equations governing the bearing system to simulate its vibration signals. The vibration model of the deep groove ball bearing system is constructed and takes into account the masses of the housing, balls, races, and shaft in addition to the damping at the ball-race interface and different-sized race defects. The effect of different defect sizes on the measured load distribution has been analyzed and discussed. The contact deformation and load distribution for a fault-free bearing system as well as for faults with βball=50 and 400 circumferential extents are measured and displayed for interpretation. Due to de-stressing and losing all or some of its ability to support a load, the load that a ball placed inside the defect zone previously carried has been split between the balls outside of the defect region. This implies that balls lose all or part of their load-bearing capacity when they are positioned in the defect zone, increasing the static loading on the raceway sections without any defects. Moreover, it is seen that the radial clearance, applied load, and defect shape all significantly affect the load redistribution that follows the loss of load-bearing capacity.
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Itoigawa, F., T. Nakamura, and K. Funabashi. "Bearing Vibration and Oil Film Thickness in Relation to Sphericity of Bearing Steel Balls." In ASME 1992 Design Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1992-0078.

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Abstract The relationship between the bearing vibration and the sphericity of the steel balls used for ball bearings is experimentally investigated in consideration of the oil film in between the steel balls and raceways. The experiments are carried out on angular contact ball bearings (7208C and 7010C) under only thrust load. First, it is confirmed that the oil film thickness, which is measured on this bearing, virtually agrees with the value calculated by EHL theory. And even if there exists a considerably large error in the ball shape, it does not always necessarily rupture the oil film if it is sufficiently thick. Second, in a simple two-bearing-shaft system, the even-order undulation of form error of ball, especially, second-order undulation, can cause bearing vibration. Furthermore, when the ball has a three-dimensional shape like a rugby ball, with elliptical cross-sections, the ball determines its own rotational axis.
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Miner, J. R., J. Dell, A. T. Galbato, and M. A. Ragen. "F117–PW–100 Hybrid Ball Bearing Ceramic Technology Insertion." In ASME 1995 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/95-gt-390.

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Results of an Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) sponsored project to demonstrate the operational benefits of incorporating advanced structural ceramic ball elements into the F117–PW–100 aircraft gas turbine engine high rotor thrust bearings is described. This program consists of design, fabrication and experimental evaluation of candidate hybrid ball bearing designs in Pratt & Whitney and MRC Bearings test facilities. The bearing design criteria and development test conditions utilized for the project are compatible with the requirements of the F117–PW–100 engine system application. Two hybrid bearing designs were produced by analytically varying internal geometry features such as M–50 race curvatures and contact angles to optimize for the modulus of elasticity of the ceramic balls. One–and–one–eighth inch size CERBEC grade NBD 200 silicon nitride ceramic balls demonstrated integrity and a quadruple rolling contact fatigue life improvement versus state–of–the–art M–50 steel balls in single ball test rigs. Thermal performance data obtained in full scale bearing rig performance testing with one–hundred–seventy–eight millimeter size hybrid and all–steel baseline bearings shows comparable characteristics. The hybrid bearing displayed a distinct survivability benefit in bearing liquid lubricant starvation testing. Two dozen hybrid bearings will be fabricated for full–scale bearing rig endurance tests to be conducted in 1995–1996 as a prerequisite to validation in operating F117–PW–100 engines in 1996–1997.
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Lin, Bo, Molong Duan, Chinedum E. Okwudire, and Jason S. Wou. "An Improved Analytical Model of Friction and Ball Motion in Linear Ball Bearings With Application to Ball-to-Ball Contact Prediction." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-88033.

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The friction behavior of rolling ball machine components like linear ball bearings is very important to their functionality. For instance, differences in linear velocity of balls induces ball-to-ball contact in certain circumstances, resulting in significant increases and variations in friction. In this paper, an improved analytical formula for determining the linear velocity of balls in four-point-contact linear ball bearings is derived as a function of contact angle deviations and contact forces. The analytical formula is validated against a comprehensive friction model in the literature and shown to be in good agreement, while an oversimplified analytical model proposed by the authors in prior work is shown to be inaccurate. A case study is presented where insights gained from the derived analytical formula are used to mitigate velocity difference of balls in a linear ball bearing which otherwise would experience ball-to-ball contact.
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Leblanc, Alexandre, Daniel Nelias, and Daniel Plona. "Ball Motion and Sliding Friction in an Arched Ball Bearing." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44246.

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An analysis of double arched ball bearing which considers centrifugal forces and gyroscopic effects is performed. Based on operating conditions of a 5 DOF inner ring and Coulomb friction model, the conventional bearing theory is extended from 2 to 3 or 4 contact points. The commonly control criterion of ball bearing by the inner or outer raceway is debatable and is known to fit with difficulty with experimental data. In addition when more than two contact points are involved it becomes obsolete. The paper presents a mathematical model to describe the complex ball bearing internal kinematics under the effect of the external working conditions. Lubricant thickness is taken into account in geometrical equations and the non-linear system of this quasi-static model is solved by a Newton-Raphson method. The 3D model is first validated through comparisons with published data for conventional or single arched ball bearings. Results are also compared to those provided by the commercial software RBL4. The analysis of a double arched ball bearing is finally performed and the complex motion of the ball highlighted.
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Kosco, John C. "P/M Bearings With Ball Bearing Like Properties." In SAE 2004 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-01-0495.

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Pandey, Ashutosh, Mingyuan Tao, Yuchuan Liu, Ran Wu, Anand Shandilya, and Chengjie Wang. "Multiphase Flow in Roller/Ball Bearings." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2437.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Churning loss is an important energy loss term for rolling bearings at high-speed condition. However, it is quite challenging to accurately calculate the churning loss. A CFD study based on unsteady Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes that resolves the gas-liquid interface was performed to examine the unsteady multiphase flow in a roller/ball bearing. In this study, the rotating motion of the cage, races, rollers/balls about the shaft as well as self-rotation of rollers/balls about their own axis were accounted to accurately predict the oil distribution in various parts of the bearings. A novel meshing strategy is presented to resolve thin gaps between the roller/balls and the races/cage while preserving the shape of balls/rollers, races and cage. Five rotational speeds of the shaft have been examined for roller bearing and ball bearing respectively. Additionally, effect of clearance between roller/balls and races is investigated. Of particular interest is to examine the mechanisms governing the process of oil feed and oil splash in the bearings and their effect on the churning power loss that the bearing incurs. The oil distributions near all components of interest have also been investigated to understand the overall oil churning process. Results show that the feeding of oil from the inlet section into the bearings is strongly dependent on the oil feed rate, rotational speed of the shaft, and the bearing design itself. Results are presented to show how the rotational speed of the shaft affects the nature of multiphase flow inside the bearings and its influence on the overall oil distribution in the bearings. The computational study was validated by comparing the computed churning power loss of the roller bearing at quasi steady operation with the experimental measurements and good agreements with experiments were found. Since the study is validated, the CFD strategy presented in this study to simulate the oil churning process in the bearings can be most useful in guiding the design and development of bearings and increase the efficiency of the electrification driving systems.</div></div>
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Chikazawa, Yoshitaka, Shinichi Usui, Mamoru Konomura, Daisuke Sadahiro, Katsuhiro Tozawa, Toru Hori, Mikio Toda, and Shoji Kotake. "Development of a Slim Manipulator Type Fuel Handling Machine for a Commercialized Fast Reactor." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89266.

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A seismic analysis has been performed showing that the seismic interaction between the UIS and the FHM can be avoided eliminating the internal clearance of bearing at the FHM arm joint. An angular contact ball bearing is suitable for the new FHM since it can eliminate gaps by preload pressure. A major problem of the FHM bearings is lubrication since the contact pressure between the steel rings and ball of the ball bearing is larger than that of the roller bearing used in the previous design. Additionally, FHM operating temperature is about 200deg-C and normal grease is not applicable under argon gas with sodium vapor to prevent contamination of grease in the primary sodium coolant. An endurance test with 1/10 scale bearings in the air has been performed to show applicability of angular contact ball bearings to the FHM arm joint. The results with 20,000cycle showed that bearings with combination of MoS2 coating steel rings and ceramics balls can be tolerable as the FHM operating condition. A full-scale bearing test in argon gas with sodium vapor has also been demonstrated to reveal bearing size and sodium vapor effects.
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Bakhtiary-Nejad, F., A. H. Nayeb, and S. E. Yeganeh. "Application of Vibration Analysis in Ball Bearing Fault Detection." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84544.

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In this paper, existence of localized defects in a ball bearing has been diagnosed using vibration analysis. First, different kinds of faults which occur in ball bearings have been investigated. Then an analytical model has been proposed for determining the damaged ball bearing vibrations due to a localized defect. Also various methods of fault detection have been evaluated. Next, in order to examine the ball bearings, a testing set-up has been designed and constructed. Then by preparing a computer program, which calculates defect frequencies, some ball bearings have been tested. The test results were originally derived in time-domain. Then by using vibration analysis of healthy and damaged ball bearings in frequency-domain, a fault detection method for ball bearings has been proposed.
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Damian, Ioan, Ion Oancea, and Spiridon Cretu. "The Effect of Misalignment on Power Loss in Ball Bearings." In ASME 2008 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2008-59113.

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A vectorial method has been developed to solve the quasi-static equilibrium in angular contact ball bearings. In the quai-static model the effects induced by the centrifugal forces, gyroscopic moments and misalignments between bearing’s rings were considered. The lubricant parameters, traction forces and fluid drag action on balls and raceways were further included in a quasi-dynamic model. An experimental study has been further carried out to validate the quasi-dynamic model when a certain degree of misalignment exists between the inner and outer rings of the bearing. Both numerical simulation and experimental measurements emphasized the major contribution of the rings misalignment upon the bearing power loss.
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Reports on the topic "Ball Bearing"

1

Lykins, Chris, and Lewis Rosado. Angular-Contact Ball Bearing Optimization Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada306270.

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Tom, Kwok F. A Primer on Vibrational Ball Bearing Feature Generation for Prognostics and Diagnostics Algorithms. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada614145.

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Gass, Robert F. Theory, Doctrine, and Ball Bearings: Adapting Future Technology to Warfare. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada324294.

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Williams, J. M., and J. Miner. Performance improvement of silicon nitride ball bearings by ion implantation. CRADA final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/597640.

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Bertrand, P. A. Friction at the Contact Between Bearing Balls and Cotton-Phenolic Cage Material. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423792.

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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-91-251-2218, New Hampshire Ball Bearing, Laconia, New Hampshire. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta912512218.

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Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-95-0207-2592, New Hampshire Ball Bearing, Astro Division, Laconia, New Hampshire. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshheta9502072592.

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