Academic literature on the topic 'Ball launch speed'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ball launch speed"
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Carlsson, Magnus, Johnny Nilsson, John Hellström, Fredrik Tinmark, and Tomas Carlsson. "The effect of ball temperature on ball speed and carry distance in golf drives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118812618.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ball temperature on impact ball speed and carry distance during golf drives in a blind randomized test design. The balls were exposed to a temperature-controlled environment (4 °C, 18 °C, 32 °C, and 46 °C) for 24 h prior to the test and each temperature group consisted of 30 balls. The 120 drives were performed by an elite male golfer (handicap: 0.0) in an indoor driving range. All drives were measured by a Doppler-radar system to determine the club-head speed, launch angle, spin rate, ball speed, and carry distance. Differences between the groups were investigated using a one-way analysis of variance. The results indicated that ball-speed and carry-distance differences occurred within the four groups ( p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The post hoc analyses showed that the ball temperatures of 18 °C and 32 °C had greater ball speeds and carry distances than balls at 4 °C and 46 °C (all p < 0.05). The intervals for the between-group differences were 0.6–0.7 m s−1 and 2.9–3.9 m for ball speed and carry distance, respectively. Hence, the results showed that ball temperature influences both the ball speed and the carry distance. Based on the findings in this study, standardization of ball temperature should be factored into governing body regulation tests for golf equipment.
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Goff, John Eric, Sungchan Hong, and Takeshi Asai. "Aerodynamic and surface comparisons between Telstar 18 and Brazuca." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 232, no. 4 (May 19, 2018): 342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118773214.
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Aerodynamic coefficients were determined for Telstar 18 and Brazuca, match balls for the 2018 and 2014 World Cups, respectively. Experimental determination of aerodynamic coefficients prompted the development of computationally determined soccer ball trajectories for most launch speeds experienced in actual play. Although Telstar 18’s horizontal range will be nearly 10% shorter than Brazuca’s horizontal range for high-speed kicks, both Telstar 18 and Brazuca have similar knuckling effects due to nearly equal critical speeds and high-speed drag coefficients that differ by less than 10%. Surface comparisons suggest why aerodynamic properties for the two World Cup balls are so similar.
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WANG, Xi, Hanyu CHEN, and Xiaofeng LI. "Numerical simulation and characteristics investigation of golf ball trajectory." HKIE Transactions 26, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33430/v26n3thie-2018-0040.
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In this study, MATrixLABoratory (MATLAB)’s ode 45 method was adopted to investigate the effects of the three main factors on golf trajectory characteristics, and the preferred striking conditions were concluded. Meanwhile, the results of interaction analysis were used to assess the dependence of carry distance and peak height on each factor. Eventually, the realistic normal swing tests were conducted in a laboratory to confirm the validation and accuracy of the mathematical model. The simulated results showed that a faster club head speed generally enabled to improve carry distance. However, once the rotational speed was more than 3,000 r·min-1, the increased tendency of carry distance turned to decrease. Moreover, the decreased tendency was aggravated as the increase of club head speed and launch angle, but the low launch angle benefited to alleviate the decrease. Compared to the carry distance, peak height always rose in any conditions. Meanwhile, the combined effects of the three factors on carry distance were more obvious than on the peak height. Finally, the optimised striking strategies were concluded for golfer-slow, golfer-medium and golfer-fast, respectively.
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Lambeth, Jacob, Dustin Brekke, and Jeff Brunski. "Exploration of Center of Gravity, Moment of Inertia, and Launch Direction for Putters with Ball Speed Normalizing Face Properties." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049002.
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The forgiveness of golf putters is traditionally achieved through weight distribution. Putters are often designed with large footprints, which help to increase the moment of inertia (MOI), but consequently move the center of gravity (CG) farther behind the face. The use of higher MOI putters will result in less ball speed loss on impacts away from the sweet spot (i.e., more forgiveness). It has been shown that certain face properties, such as milling patterns, grooves, or soft inserts, can be leveraged to have a similar effect. This paper explores the relationships between impact location, MOI, CG depth, discretionary mass placement, and launch direction for these putters. A novel design strategy is proposed. Minimizing CG depth for putters with ball speed normalizing face properties, even at the expense of MOI, can result in more consistent launch direction and distance control for the average player.
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Penner, A. R. "The run of a golf ball." Canadian Journal of Physics 80, no. 8 (August 1, 2002): 931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p02-035.
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The run, which includes both the bounce and the roll, of a golf ball landing on turf is modeled. The effect of launch speed, impact angle, backspin, and green firmness on the run for a variety of golf shots is considered. It is found that the dominant factor that determines the length of the run, in the case of drives, is the impact angle. It is also found that for high-lofted iron shots, where the golf ball is given sufficient backspin, the ball may, for firm enough greens, initially bounce forward before running backwards. PACS No.: 01.80+b
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Danaei, Behzad, William McNally, Erik Henrikson, and John McPhee. "Adjusting a Momentum-Based Golf Clubhead-Ball Impact Model to Improve Accuracy." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049047.
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In this paper, two simple and physically meaningful adjustments were made to a momentum-based clubhead-ball impact model to predict golf ball launch conditions with better accuracy. These adjustments were motivated by two shortcomings of the momentum-based impact model, namely the absence of shaft effects and golf ball deformation. Kinematic data from a golf impact motion capture experiment was used to empirically determine the parameter adjustments that minimized the ball speed and spin errors. It was found that the original model’s ball speed deficiency could be corrected by adding less than 3 g to the clubhead mass, and the amount of added mass correlated with the mass of the shaft. Additionally, the original model’s backspin and sidespin errors were significantly reduced by making a slight adjustment to the golf ball’s center of mass position relative to the impact location. Specifically, moving the golf ball center of mass approximately 0.5 mm downward and 0.07 mm towards the heel reduced the mean backspin and sidespin errors by approximately 85% each.
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Blenkinsop, Glen M., Ying Liang, Nicholas J. Gallimore, and Michael J. Hiley. "The Effect of Uphill and Downhill Slopes on Weight Transfer, Alignment, and Shot Outcome in Golf." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 34, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0310.
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The aim of the study was to examine changes in weight transfer, alignment, and shot outcome during golf shots from flat, uphill, and downhill slopes. Twelve elite male golfers hit 30 shots with a 6-iron from a computer-assisted rehabilitation environment used to create 5° slopes while collecting 3-dimensional kinematics and kinetics of the swing. A launch monitor measured performance outcomes. A shift in the center of pressure was found throughout the swing when performed on a slope, with the mean position moving approximately 9% closer to the lower foot. The golfers attempted to remain perpendicular to the slope, resulting in weight transfer toward the lower foot. The golfers adopted a wider stance in the sloped conditions and moved the ball toward the higher foot at address. Ball speed was not significantly affected by the slope, but launch angle and ball spin were. As the coaching literature predicted, golfers were more likely to hit shots to the left from an uphill slope and to the right from a downhill slope. No consistent compensatory adjustments in alignment at address or azimuth were found, with the change in final shot dispersion resulting from the lateral spin of the ball.
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Choi, Young Hyu, Sung Hyun Jang, and Ji Han Oh. "Influencing Factors on Stick-Slip Behavior of a Ball Screw Driven Elevation Mechanism for MLRS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 271-272 (December 2012): 958–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.271-272.958.
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As an MLRS (Multiple Launch Rocket System) cage is moved with a uniform speed through an elevation mechanism for MRLS operated using ball screws, its stick-slip behavior can be observed by the friction in a ball screw actuator. In this study, a single-degree of freedom mathematical model of an MLRS elevation system is designed and its stick-slip behavior is analyzed using a friction force model considering the Stribeck effect. The stability of a vibration system is analyzed through deriving an equation of normalized motion for the mathematical model and the influences of mechanical parameters and friction parameters on the vibration response and stability are theoretically analyzed.
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Driggers, Austin R., and Kimitake Sato. "The effects of vertically oriented resistance training on golf drive performance in collegiate golfers." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, no. 4 (November 24, 2017): 598–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954117743374.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of vertically oriented resistance training on golf driving performance. Ten Division-I collegiate golfers completed two resistance training sessions per week for 10 weeks during the fall tournament season. Pre- and post-training assessments of strength-power and golf performance were compared. To assess strength-power, jump height, peak force, and peak power were measured from static and countermovement vertical jumps; peak force and rate of force development from 0 to 250 ms were measured from an isometric mid-thigh pull. Golf performance was assessed in terms of ball launch speed, spin rate, carry yardage, and total yardage, averaged from five shots using a driver. Following training, all measures of strength-power improved, with countermovement jump peak power improving significantly ( p < 0.00625). The golf performance assessment indicated significant increases ( p < 0.0125) in ball speed, carry yardage, and total yardage. These results suggest that vertically oriented resistance training can improve golf driving performance.
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MacKenzie, Sasho, Luc Champoux, and Erik Henrikson. "Influence of Grip Mass on Driving Performance." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049081.
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The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of grip mass on driver clubhead kinematics at impact as well as the resulting kinematics of the golf ball. Three club mass conditions (275, 325, and 375 g) were tested by 40 experienced golfers (handicap = 7.5 ± 5.3) representing a range of clubhead speeds (36 to 54 m/s). Each participant executed 12 drives per condition using matched grips and shafts and a single clubhead. Club mass was modified by inserting 50 g and 100 g into the grips of the two heavier conditions. The heaviest condition was associated with the slowest clubhead speed (p = 0.018) and highest vertical launch (p = 0.002), which resulted in no net influence on driving distance (p = 0.91). Lateral dispersion was greatest with the 325 g condition (p = 0.017), as was horizontal impact spot variability on the driver face (p = 0.031). Findings at the individual golfer level were not reliable enough to suggest that grip mass could be effectively used in a fitting environment to either shift ball flight tendencies or improve consistency.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ball launch speed"
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Šornová, Aneta. "Sledování vybraných funkčních ukazatelů reprezentačního družstva žen ve vodním pólu během RTC." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-412020.
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The diploma thesis deals with the monitoring of selected functional indicators of the women's water polo team during the RTC. The aim of this work is to observe the women's team in the water pole during the RTC. Tracking their TF for tests aimed at developing endurance and speed at ball launch. I divided the work into several parts. The theoretical part is devoted to the issue of water polo, deals with the basic skills of a water polo player and deals with the individual peculiarities of sports training and selected functional indicators. The practical part is divided into research and final part. The resulting part contains records of acquired changes in heart rate in selected phases of the annual training cycle. In the resulting part are processed the resulting data. To find out the results for the practical part I used observation methods, questionnaire, testing and statistical methods.
Conference papers on the topic "Ball launch speed"
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Boschetto, A., A. Ruggiero, F. Veniali, A. La Barbera, and C. Colella. "Particle Tracking in Horizontal Ball Milling." In ASME 8th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2006-95682.
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Ball milling is a material processing method that allows near room temperature process of elements in powder and permits to synthesize materials with peculiar properties otherwise difficult or impossible to obtain. Due to the repeated fractures and cold welding of the reactants particles, solid solutions, amorphous alloys and equilibrium nanostructured materials can be obtained. Products coming from mechanosynthesis process can be advantageously applied as high performance structural and functional materials. Different milling devices can be utilized for the powder processing: planetary mill, attritor, horizontal ball mill, 1D and 3D vibrating machines. The wide differentiation in configuration of the mills obstacles the development of a unified model on powder transformation kinetics in the milling process and then most of processing procedures are still developed by using a trial and error method. The focus of this paper is on a horizontal fixed vial ball mill; in this configuration a high speed rotor launches several tumbling against the vial wall. During hits, a quantity of energy is released to the trapped powder and the solid state reactions are promoted. To characterize the powder transformation process, knowledge of the kinematics of the balls system must be inferred. For this purpose an experimental setup based on digital image acquisition was constructed and the movement of balls inside the vial was filmed. Particle trace analysis methodology permitted to obtain balls trajectories, velocity vector field and total hit frequency. The kinetic energy of the impacting balls inside the vial was quantified, so that the energy released to the powder in a milling experiment can be estimated.
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Leuchs, M., and A. Mu¨hlratzer. "Ceramic Matrix Composite Material in Highly Loaded Journal Bearings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30460.
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Conventional sintered silicon carbide (SSiC) has been applied in journal bearings of pumps for more than 20 years with the pumped medium itself being the lubricant. High corrosion and wear resistance of SSiC have contributed to this success. The brittle failure of that material quite often is a problem, though, and limits the application of SSiC in highly loaded bearings. In contrast, ceramic matrix composites (CMC) based on C- or SiC-fiber-reinforced SiC-ceramics show strongly improved fracture toughness on the level of cast iron and are applicable in cases where conventional ceramics due to their lack of reliability cannot be used. These CMC-materials have been developed in several programs primarily for space and military applications and are also beeing successfully used in journal bearings for pumps in power plants [1] and for tubular casing pumps [2]. In power plant pumps, low viscosity water of up to 160°C can be the lubricant. In tubular casing pumps quite often water loaded with abrasive sand particles lubricates the bearings. CMC-journal bearings for pumps in cryogenic rocket engines for reusable launch vehicles (RLVs), where the lifetime of mechanical components is a critical issue, are presently tested. Journal bearings of the type introduced in water pumps could replace ball bearings presently in use. Improved stiffness and damping properties, reduced wear, increased reliability and no limitations in speed times diameter would be some of the expected advantages [3]. Journal bearings for hot hinges in re-entry systems are foreseen for the space vehicle CRV (crew rescue vehicle) and have successfully been tested under close to real conditions. They are envisaged to be flight-tested on the experimental NASA vehicle X38. The bearing faces run under dry conditions and temperatures of more than 1600°C in air of about 50 mbar pressure [4]. Presently, only CMCs based on carbon fibers have potential to operate successfully under such conditions.