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Journal articles on the topic 'Ball spin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Maynard, Brian K., and William A. Johnson. "Controlling Rooting-Out of B&B Nursery Stock During Storage." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 15, no. 2 (1997): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-15.2.111.

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Abstract Cupric hydroxide formulated as Spin Out™ (7% Cu(OH)2 in a latex carrier, w/w) was used to prevent rooting-out of Taxus × media Rehd. ‘Densiformis’ root balls into surrounding mulch or soil during storage over a four-month period. Treatments included: painting the bottom of the root ball with Spin Out™, setting the root ball on Spin Out™-treated burlap or on untreated burlap, and rewrapping the root ball with Spin Out™-treated burlap or burlapping using Spin Out™-treated burlap before mulching. All treatments provided some control of rooting-out after 12 to 16 weeks storage. The most e

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2

Lv, Bing Hai, Ju Long Yuan, F. Cheng, and Fan Yang. "Influence of Supporting Characteristics on Sphericity of Ceramic Balls in Rotated Dual-Plates Lapping Process." Advanced Materials Research 69-70 (May 2009): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.69-70.69.

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Ceramic balls have become an important component in advanced bearings, and the sphericity of balls is a key qualification focused in lapping process. An investigation on the effect of dynamic behavior of ball support system on the performance of ball lapping in rotated dual-plates lapping method is carried out. Sinusoidal waveform in terms of Fourier analysis is employed to express the shape error of the ball surface, and a dynamic model for support is setup. It is found with numerical calculation that the variation of lapping load lags behind the variation of the shape error for the damping o

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3

Yu, Wei, Dun Liu, Ju Long Yuan, Qian Fa Deng, Wei Feng Yao, and Chu Yun Jin. "Processing of Lapping Track in Dual Rotated Plates Eccentric Lapping Mode." Key Engineering Materials 487 (July 2011): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.487.248.

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Dual Rotated Plates (DRP) eccentric lapping mode is developed on the base of traditional eccentric lapping mode for precise balls. Spin angle is an important target of expressing ball rotation in the lapping process. Whether lapping track can uniformly cover the ball surface or not is directly determined by the variation of the spin angle. Applying virtual prototype technology and ADAMS (Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems) to simulate the ceramic ball lapping track in DRP eccentric lapping mode. And these results are compared to traditional one. At the same condition, the DRP ecc

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4

Yao, Wei Feng, Ju Long Yuan, Bing Hai Lv, and Qian Fa Deng. "Kinematics Simulation of Eccentric Dual Rotated-Plates Lapping for Bearing Balls." Advanced Materials Research 565 (September 2012): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.565.312.

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Eccentric dual rotated-plates lapping is used for bearing balls finishing. The trajectory of ball in lapping is crucial for the ball’s geometric precision after finishing. The present work is to set up the model of eccentric dual rotated-plates lapping machine and simulate the ball processing in kinematics, and research the effect of carrier on the ball trajectory, through calculating the ball’s kinetic parameters of revolution speed, rotation speed and spin angle, and drawing the ball trajectory.

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5

Nikhilesh, T. R., and Prahlad Kulkarni. "Numerical Analysis of the Trajectory of a Basketball Considering Lift and Drag." Applied Mechanics and Materials 798 (October 2015): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.798.493.

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Basketball players are taught to release the ball with a backward spin. This causes a lift due to the Magnus effect. Added to this there is a drag on the ball which always acts opposite to the direction of motion. In this paper, the trajectory of a basketball considering the lift and drag is calculated using numerical methods and also the force required to shoot the ball with different initial conditions from a distance of 25 feet away from a basket which is at a height of 10 feet is analyzed. A differential equation of motion of the ball in air is framed which accounts for all the forces on t

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6

Chen, Yu Fen, Te Hua Fang, Chen Chih Huang, Chien Hung Liu, and Wen Hsiang Hsieh. "Research on the Flows of Backspin Movement in Table Tennis." Advanced Materials Research 201-203 (February 2011): 2263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.201-203.2263.

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This study discuss the distribution of the flows when the forced convection impacted on the spin and the static in table tennis; the research method is using the thermal flow in the experiment which the thermal flow will reflect according to the imaging principle when it passes through the spin sphere; this can be used to simulate the flows of balls in static condition and backspin ball in high-speed and low-speed rotation; the air flow passes through the spin sphere and generates the ball pressure which forms the quality variation of the spheres in table tennis competition; the results showed

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7

Dowker, J. S. "Spin on the 4-ball." Physics Letters B 366, no. 1-4 (1996): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(95)01376-8.

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8

Santos, Daniel P. R., Roberto N. Barbosa, Luiz H. P. Vieira, Paulo R. P. Santiago, Alessandro M. Zagatto, and Matheus M. Gomes. "Training Level Does Not Affect Auditory Perception of The Magnitude of Ball Spin in Table Tennis." Journal of Human Kinetics 55, no. 1 (2017): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0003.

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AbstractIdentifying the trajectory and spin of the ball with speed and accuracy is critical for good performance in table tennis. The aim of this study was to analyze the ability of table tennis players presenting different levels of training/experience to identify the magnitude of the ball spin from the sound produced when the racket hit the ball. Four types of “forehand” contact sounds were collected in the laboratory, defined as: Fast Spin (spinning ball forward at 140 r/s); Medium Spin (105 r/s); Slow Spin (84 r/s); and Flat Hit (less than 60 r/s). Thirty-four table tennis players of both

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9

Allen, Tom, James Ibbitson, and Steve Haake. "Spin generation during an oblique impact of a compliant ball on a non-compliant surface." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 226, no. 2 (2011): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337111430444.

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Oblique impacts between a ball and surface are a key part of many sports. Previous work has shown that a ball can slide, over-spin or roll at the end of an impact, depending on impact conditions. Inbound spin ratio was analysed to determine if it could be used to identify what is likely to happen at the end of impact for all sports regardless of surface, ball type, impact velocity, angle and spin. A predictive model, in the form of a finite element model, of a tennis ball was validated against experimental data for oblique impacts with inbound spin ratios in the range of –1 to 1. Spin ratio is

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10

Kensrud, Jeff R., and Lloyd V. Smith. "Drag and lift measurements of solid sports balls in still air." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 232, no. 3 (2017): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337117740749.

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The following article considers lift and drag measurements of solid sports balls propelled through still air in a laboratory setting. The balls traveled at speeds ranging from 26 to 134 m/s with spin rates up to 3900 r/min. Light gates measured the speed and location of the balls at two locations from which lift and drag values were determined. Ball roughness varied from polished to rough surface protrusions, that is, seams as high as 1.5 mm. Lift and drag were observed to depend on speed, spin rate, surface roughness, and seam orientation. A drag crisis was observed on smooth balls as well as

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11

Hong, Sungchan, John Eric Goff, and Takeshi Asai. "Effect of a soccer ball’s surface texture on its aerodynamics and trajectory." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 1 (2018): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118794561.

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The effect of a soccer ball’s surface texture on its aerodynamics and flight trajectory is not definitively known. For this study, five soccer balls were used, each having 32 panels with different surface textures. Their aerodynamics were examined via wind-tunnel experiments and then several non-spin trajectories were calculated for each ball. The results showed that the aerodynamic forces acting on a soccer ball change significantly depending on the surface texture of the ball, which in turn influences flight trajectories. The study contributes to an understanding of how a soccer ball’s surfa

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12

Cretu, O. S., and R. P. Glovnea. "Traction Drive With Reduced Spin Losses." Journal of Tribology 125, no. 3 (2003): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1538192.

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The paper focuses on the effect of spin motion upon elastohydrodynamic (EHD) traction in a CVT traction drive. The effect of the spin is determined upon the traction curves, traction coefficient and the slope of linear section of the traction curves. A kinematic study of a standard EHD contact leads to the general formula that governs the spin motion within the area of contact. Subsequently, this equation is applied to a traction drive with conical discs, balls and support ring. Furthermore it is determined that the spin motion at the contacts between balls and supporting ring creates addition

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13

Haake, S. J., S. R. Goodwill, and M. J. Carre. "A new measure of roughness for defining the aerodynamic performance of sports balls." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 221, no. 7 (2007): 789–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406jmes414.

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A new analysis is presented of the major findings in sports ball aerodynamics over the last 20 years, leading to a new method for defining surface roughness and its effects on the aerodynamic performance of sports balls. It was shown that the performance of balls in soccer, tennis, and golf are characterized by the position of the separation points on the surface of the ball, and that these are directly influenced by the roughness of the surface at a given Reynolds number and spin rate. The traditional measure of roughness k/D (the ratio of surface asperity dimension to diameter) was unable to

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14

Cross, Rod. "Spin experiments with a biased ball." European Journal of Physics 40, no. 5 (2019): 055003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6404/ab2d51.

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15

NISHIKIORI, Daisuke, and Takeot MIZOTA. "Research on Spiral-Spin Knuckle Ball." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2004 (2004): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2004.222.

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16

Kumar, Aswath, Hugo G. Espinosa, Matthew Worsey, and David V. Thiel. "Spin Rate Measurements in Cricket Bowling Using Magnetometers." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049011.

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The ability to measure and classify spin has been of great interest to cricket organizations, coaches, and athletes. While video is common, an alternative approach is to use 3D motion capture analysis with reflective spheres, which changes the aerodynamics of the ball. An instrumented cricket ball has proved to be effective in measuring high-speed spin rates using gyroscopes. In this study, an instrumented ball with a 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis gyroscope, and 3-axis magnetometer located at the center mass of the ball was constructed. The spin rate was calculated using the magnetometer, and t

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17

Carlsson, Magnus, Johnny Nilsson, John Hellström, Fredrik Tinmark, and Tomas Carlsson. "The effect of ball temperature on ball speed and carry distance in golf drives." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 2 (2018): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118812618.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ball temperature on impact ball speed and carry distance during golf drives in a blind randomized test design. The balls were exposed to a temperature-controlled environment (4 °C, 18 °C, 32 °C, and 46 °C) for 24 h prior to the test and each temperature group consisted of 30 balls. The 120 drives were performed by an elite male golfer (handicap: 0.0) in an indoor driving range. All drives were measured by a Doppler-radar system to determine the club-head speed, launch angle, spin rate, ball speed, and carry distance. Differences betwee

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18

Jin, Yang Fu, Xun Lv, Xiao Dong Hu, and Wei Li. "Motion Analysis of Ball Grinder with Dual-Rotating Plates Lapping Mode." Key Engineering Materials 416 (September 2009): 295–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.416.295.

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Dual-rotating plates lapping method is a new type of ball machining technology, in which the spin axis angle of the ball could wiggle up to 180°. An investigation was made to verify the motion model of the dual-rotating plates lapping. The ball motion parameters, such as revolution speed, spin speed and spin axis angle were detected experimentally. The results show that the calculated values and the measured ones of the ball motion parameters are almost identical. The motion model of the dual-rotating plates lapping method is thus verified valid.

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19

Maynard, Brian K., and William A. Johnson. "Using Cupric Hydroxide to Reduce the Rooting-out of B&B Stock During Storage." HortScience 32, no. 3 (1997): 456A—456. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.456a.

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Cupric hydroxide formulated as Spin Out™ [7% Cu(OH)2 in a latex carrier] was used to prevent the rooting-out of Taxus × media Rehd. `Densiformis' root balls into surrounding mulch or soil during storage over a 4-month period. Treatments evaluated in one study included: painting the bottom of the root ball with copper-paint, setting the root ball on copper-treated burlap or ordinary copper-treated burlap; rewrapping the root ball with copper-treated burlap before mulching or burlapping with copper-treated burlap, with appropriate controls. All treatments provided good control of rooting-out aft

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20

Fuss, Franz Konstantin, Batdelger Doljin, and René E. D. Ferdinands. "Bowling Performance Assessed with a Smart Cricket Ball: A Novel Way of Profiling Bowlers." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049141.

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Profiling of spin bowlers is currently based on the assessment of translational velocity and spin rate (angular velocity). If two spin bowlers impart the same spin rate on the ball, but bowler A generates more spin rate than bowler B, then bowler A has a higher chance to be drafted, although bowler B has the potential to achieve the same spin rate, if the losses are minimized (e.g., by optimizing the bowler’s kinematics through training). We used a smart cricket ball for determining the spin rate and torque imparted on the ball at a high sampling frequency. The ratio of peak torque to maximum

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21

ONUKI, Masahide, and Hyoungchol KIM. "B36 Effects of Ball Structure on Spin Rate of Golf Ball." Proceedings of the Symposium on sports and human dynamics 2011 (2011): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeshd.2011.430.

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22

Pszota, Gábor. "Determination of the drag coefficient by analysing the trajectory of a football." Multidiszciplináris tudományok 10, no. 4 (2020): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35925/j.multi.2020.4.12.

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Two different types of motion were analysed based on video footage using the free software tool named Tracker. One of them involved dropping the football vertically without any spin, the other type was the projectile motion resulted from a goalie punt. The analysis consisted of fitting the time dependence of the coordinates using a sixth order polynomial, then using these functions and other parameters to obtain the drag coefficient as a function of speed and Reynolds number. Similarly to previous works, the drag coefficient showed large differences for the different speeds. The irregularities

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23

Wang, Ping, Qian Zhang, Yinli Jin, and Feng Ru. "Studies and simulations on the flight trajectories of spinning table tennis ball via high-speed camera vision tracking system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 2 (2018): 210–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118815021.

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When a table tennis ball is hit by a racket, the ball spins and undergoes a complex trajectory in the air. In this article, a model of a spinning ball is proposed for simulating and predicting the ball flight trajectory including the topspin, backspin, rightward spin, leftward spin, and combined spin. The actual trajectory and rotational motion of a flying ball are captured by three high-speed cameras and then reconstructed using a modified vision tracking algorithm. For the purpose of model validation, the simulated trajectory is compared to the reconstructed trajectory, resulting in a deviat

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24

Inaba, Yuki, Sho Tamaki, Haruhiko Ikebukuro, Koshi Yamada, Hiroki Ozaki, and Kazuto Yoshida. "Effect of Changing Table Tennis Ball Material from Celluloid to Plastic on the Post-Collision Ball Trajectory." Journal of Human Kinetics 55, no. 1 (2017): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2017-0004.

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AbstractThe official material used in table tennis balls was changed from celluloid to plastic, a material free of celluloid, in 2014. The purpose of this study was to understand the differences and similarities in the two types of ball materials by comparing their behavior upon collision with a table. The behavior of the balls before and after collision with a table, at various initial speeds ranging from 15 to 115 km/h, was captured using high-speed cameras. Velocities and spin rates before collision and velocities after collision were computed to calculate the coefficients of restitution an

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25

Okholm Kryger, Katrine, Séan Mitchell, and Steph Forrester. "Assessment of the accuracy of different systems for measuring football velocity and spin rate in the field." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 2 (2019): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337119830249.

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The aim of this study was to measure the level of agreement of four portable football velocity and spin rate measurement systems (Jugs speed radar gun, 2-D high-speed video, TrackMan and adidas miCoach football) against a Vicon motion analysis system. One skilled male university football player performed 70 shots covering a wide range of ball velocities (12–30 m s−1) and spin rates (94–743 r/min). A Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the level of agreement. For ball velocity, the 2-D high-speed video had the smallest systematic error, followed by the radar gun, TrackMan and miCoach footb

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26

Hollaus, Bernhard, Christian Raschner, and Andreas Mehrle. "Development of release velocity and spin prediction models for passing machines in American football." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 1 (2018): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118774448.

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This article focuses on the development of release velocity and spin prediction models for oval shaped footballs with a state-of-the-art passing machine. Since the trajectory of the ball can be predicted with aerodynamic models, the state of the ball at release time is of interest. At present, no prediction model for this initial state exists. This study measured release spin and velocity. A prediction model was developed based on various ball wear and measured release spin and velocity for different machine configurations. To sensor the motion, a high-speed camera with post image processing w

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27

Fuss, Franz Konstantin. "The Effect of Instrumentation on Sports Balls During Flight, Exemplified by A Smart AFL Ball: Model and Experiment." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049102.

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Sensors incorporated in a sports ball for data collection can affect the properties of a ball, specifically the spin rate of a ball if the mass distribution (moments of inertia, MOI) is altered. This paper provides a method for assessing the MOIs of a smart ball by means of spin rate data, collected from a gyroscopic sensor. The critical elevation angle of the angular velocity vector defines the separatrix condition, which decides whether the angular velocity vector precesses about the axis with the greatest MOI or with the smallest MOI. The critical elevation angle can be directly determined

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28

Wang, L.-Q., L. Cui, L. Gu, and D.-Z. Zheng. "Study on dynamic characteristics of angular ball bearing with non-linear vibration of rotor system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 9 (2008): 1811–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes817.

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A rotor system supported by an angular ball bearing displays very complicated non-linear behaviour due to non-linear Hertzian contact force. The non-linear force and moment caused by the ball bearing are calculated on the basis of the relationship between deflection, and five-degree-of-freedom dynamic equations of the rotor ball bearing system are established. The Newmark-β method and the Newton—Raphson method are used to solve the non-linear equations. The dynamic characteristics of angular ball bearings are computed, considering the non-linear vibration of the rotor system. Taking angular ba

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29

Yuan, Ju Long, Z. W. Wang, Bing Hai Lv, et al. "Simulation Study on the Developed Eccentric V-Grooves Lapping Mode for Precise Ball." Key Engineering Materials 304-305 (February 2006): 300–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.304-305.300.

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A novel lapping mode is developed on the base of present eccentric v-grooves lapping mode for precise balls. The kinematics analysis shows that the ball spin axis can wiggle up to 180° under the developed mode, so the lapping trace will be dispersed onto the whole surface of the ball. The effect of offsetting and groove radius on the lapping uniformity in the developed eccentric v-grooves, the present eccentric v-grooves and the traditional v-grooves lapping mode are compared, and the advantage of the developed mode is that the impact offsetting is less while the groove radius has no impact.

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30

Balan, Mihaela Rodica, Ana Tufescu, Marcelin Benchea, and Dumitru Olaru. "Friction Torque in Low Loaded Thrust Ball Bearings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 809-810 (November 2015): 676–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.809-810.676.

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The authors investigated experimentally the friction torque in a thrust ball bearing operating at very low axial load and lubricated with mineral oils. The experiments were conducted using spin-down methodology and the results were compared with the theoretical values determined by the SKF methodology for friction torque. The values of the friction torque obtained in the experiments are higher than the analytical values obtained with SKF equations, the differences being explained by the important influence of the friction in balls–cage contacts.

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31

NAKAGAWA, Noritoshi, Yasuhisa SEKIGUCHI, and Naoya Okada. "Analysis of Impact between Racket and Ball : Impact Motion of Ball with Spin." Proceedings of Joint Symposium: Symposium on Sports Engineering, Symposium on Human Dynamics 2000 (2000): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmesports.2000.0_49.

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32

Nagami, Tomoyuki, Takatoshi Higuchi, Hiroki Nakata, Toshimasa Yanai, and Kazuyuki Kanosue. "Relation Between Lift Force and Ball Spin for Different Baseball Pitches." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 32, no. 2 (2016): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2015-0068.

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Although the lift force (FL) on a spinning baseball has been analyzed in previous studies, no study has analyzed such forces over a wide variety of spins. The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between FL and spin for different types of pitches thrown by collegiate pitchers. Four high-speed video cameras were used to record flight trajectory and spin for 7 types of pitches. A total of 75 pitches were analyzed. The linear kinematics of the ball was determined at 0.008-s intervals during the flight, and the resultant fluid force acting on the ball was calculated with an inver

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33

Schneider, Ralf, Lars Lewerentz, Karl Lüskow, Marc Marschall, and Stefan Kemnitz. "Statistical Analysis of Table-Tennis Ball Trajectories." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 2595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122595.

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In this work, the equations of motion for table-tennis balls were numerically solved on graphics processing units (GPUs) using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) for systematical statistical studies of the impact of ball size and weight, as well as of net height, on the distribution functions of successful strokes. Half a billion different initial conditions involving hitting location, initial spin, and velocities were analyzed to reach sufficient statistical significance for the different cases. In this paper, an advanced statistical analysis of the database generated by the simulatio

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34

Sakurai, Shinji, Machar Reid, and Bruce Elliott. "Ball spin in the tennis serve: spin rate and axis of rotation." Sports Biomechanics 12, no. 1 (2013): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2012.671355.

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35

Tamaru, Takehiro, Shinichiro Ito, and Masaki Hiratsuka. "Serve Ball Trajectory Characteristics of Different Volleyballs and Their Causes." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049146.

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Volleyball is a sport that starts with a serve, so effective service is essential to win the game. The trajectory of the ball is complicatedly affected by the fluid force, which depends on the speed, spin speed, and panel shape. To understand the aerodynamic characteristics of the ball and to propose an ideal serve method, we measured the fluid force and flight trajectory. The fluid force applied to the ball was measured at a wind speed of 4–30 m/s in the wind tunnel. The fluid force on the ball was strongly dependent on the ball type and orientation of the panel. In the flight trajectory meas

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36

NAGAI, Junya, Yoshio IWATA, and Hiroshi SAEGUSA. "Spin Property of Golf Ball in Oblique Collision." Proceedings of the Symposium on sports and human dynamics 2016 (2016): A—9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeshd.2016.a-9.

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37

OHTA, Ken, Daiki NASU, and Takehiro FUKUDA. "Dynamical analysis of manipulating ball spin by fingers." Proceedings of the Symposium on sports and human dynamics 2017 (2017): D—18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeshd.2017.d-18.

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38

Kon, Tatsurou, Takeshi Asai, Kazuya Seo, and Kazumaro Otuka. "The change of spin rate in baseball ball." Proceedings of Joint Symposium: Symposium on Sports Engineering, Symposium on Human Dynamics 2003 (2003): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmesports.2003.0_14.

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39

UJIHARA, Yousuke, Hiroshi KOYASU, Hitoshi MAEKAWA, Tomoyuki NAGAMI, Kohei OMURO, and Kazuyuki KANOSUE. "A15 Ball Spin Analysis Based on Image Sequences." Proceedings of Joint Symposium: Symposium on Sports Engineering, Symposium on Human Dynamics 2008 (2008): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmesports.2008.0_78.

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40

Doljin, Batdelger, Kwangyul Jeong, Young-Kwan Kim, and Franz Konstantin Fuss. "Profiling of a Pitcher’s Performance with a Smart Baseball: A Case Report." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (2020): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049103.

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A pitcher’s action, when delivering a fastball, was analyzed from the data provided by a smart baseball. The spin rate at the release of the ball was merely 15.7 rps, however, the peak torque was excessively high, namely 0.396 Nm. The reason why the pitcher was not able to translate the torque entirely to angular kinetic energy and this to the spin rate was that the spin axis changed its direction suddenly three times when moving across the ball’s surface. This resulted in angles between torque and angular velocity vectors of greater than 90°, high precession and precession torque, and negativ

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Hirama, Shota, Takayuki Ikeda, Shiori Gondo, Shohei Kajikawa, and Takashi Kuboki. "Ball Spin Forming for Flexible and Partial Diameter Reduction in Tubes." Metals 10, no. 12 (2020): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10121627.

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This paper proposed a new ball spin forming equipment, which can form a reduced diameter section on the halfway point of a tube. The effects of forming process parameters on the surface integrity and deformation characteristics of the product were investigated. The proposed method can reduce the diameter in the middle portion of the tube, and the maximum diameter reduction ratio was over 10% in one pass. When the feed pitch of the ball die was more than 2.0 mm/rev, spiral marks remained on the surface of tube. Torsional deformation, axial elongation and an increase in thickness appeared in the

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Yi, Xue Mei, Shota Suzuki, Xiong Zhang Liu, Ran Guo та Tomohiro Akiyama. "Combustion Synthesis of β-SiAlON Using 3D Ball Milling". Materials Science Forum 898 (червень 2017): 1717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1717.

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Combustion synthesis (CS) of β-SiAlON was conducted using a 3D ball mill, with a focus on the effect of the 2D/3D ball mill premixing conditions on the CS raw material particle size as well as on the yield and grain shape of the final products. The results showed that the particle size distribution of the raw materials was significantly affected by the premixing conditions. Various particle sizes and particle size distributions could easily be obtained by using a 3D mill instead of a 2D mill due to the complex biaxial rotation movement of 3D milling. The particle size was more sensitive to the

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Bao, Heyun, Xiaonan Hou, and Fengxia Lu. "Analysis of Oil-Air Two-Phase Flow Characteristics inside a Ball Bearing with Under-Race Lubrication." Processes 8, no. 10 (2020): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101223.

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Under-race lubrication can increase the amount of lubricating oil entering a bearing and greatly improve lubrication and cooling effects. The oil-air two-phase flow characteristics inside a ball bearing with under-race lubrication play a key role in lubrication and cooling performance. The motions of ball bearing subassemblies are complicated. Ball spin affects the oil volume fraction. In this paper, the coupled level set volume of fluid (CLSVOF) method is used to track the oil-air two-phase flow inside the ball bearing with under-race lubrication. The influence of various factors on the oil v

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Nakashima, Hirotaka, Gen Horiuchi, and Shinji Sakurai. "Three-dimensional batted ball in baseball: effect of ball spin on the flight distance." Sports Engineering 21, no. 4 (2018): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12283-018-0290-1.

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Alcock, Alison, Wendy Gilleard, Nick A. T. Brown, John Baker, and Adam Hunter. "Initial Ball Flight Characteristics of Curve and Instep Kicks in Elite Women’s Football." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 28, no. 1 (2012): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.28.1.70.

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Initial ball flight characteristics of curve and instep kicks were investigated. Fifteen international female footballers performed curve and instep kicks from a distance of 20 m from goal and at a 1 m2 target. Seventeen Vicon cameras tracked three-dimensional coordinates of four reflective markers adhered to the ball. Ball flight characteristics were quantified, and the coordinates of the ball relative to the target center were recorded. The lateral launch angle and the angle of the spin axis relative to the horizontal best predicted the horizontal placement of the ball relative to the target

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Goff, John Eric, Sungchan Hong, and Takeshi Asai. "Effect of a soccer ball’s seam geometry on its aerodynamics and trajectory." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 234, no. 1 (2019): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337119876485.

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Five different soccer balls, each possessing the traditional 32-panel surface design, were tested in a wind tunnel. Only seam depth and width varied between the balls. Wind-tunnel tests and an examination of correlation revealed that seam width with a linear fit [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] was a stronger indicator of a ball’s critical speed than seam depth. Wind-tunnel data were used for computational modeling of many soccer-ball trajectories. It was determined that variations in seam geometry resulted in fluctuations up to 4 m in the horizontal range of hard-hit, no-spin kicks

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Sakurai, Shinji, Tsutomu Jinji, Machar Reid, Cesar Cuitenho, and Bruce Elliott. "DIRECTION OF SPIN AXIS AND SPIN RATE OF THE BALL IN TENNIS SERVICE." Journal of Biomechanics 40 (January 2007): S197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(07)70193-8.

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Sakurai, Shinji, Machar Reid, and Bruce Elliott. "Corrigendum: Ball spin in the tennis serve: spin rate and axis of rotation." Sports Biomechanics 12, no. 1 (2013): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2012.700189.

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Mathavan, S., M. R. Jackson, and R. M. Parkin. "A theoretical analysis of billiard ball dynamics under cushion impacts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 9 (2010): 1863–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1964.

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The last two decades have seen a growing interest in research related to billiards. There have been a number of projects aimed at developing training systems, robots, and computer simulations for billiards. Determination of billiard ball trajectories is important for all of these systems. The ball's collision with a cushion is often encountered in billiards and it drastically changes the ball trajectory, especially when the ball has spin. This work predicts ball bounce angles and bounce speeds for the ball's collision with a cushion, under the assumption of insignifi-cant cushion deformation.

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Djerassi, S. "Stick-Slip, Imposition-Removal of Constraints and the Spinning Ball Problem." Journal of Applied Mechanics 67, no. 4 (2000): 720–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1334861.

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It has been observed that balls pressed between elastic bodies spin when subjected to linear, cyclic motion. This paper proposes an explanation to this phenomenon, based upon the stick-slip theory. To this end, a modified, vectorial formulation of the stick-slip theory is presented. The formulation is applied to a model comprising a ball pressed between pairs of springs and dampers. A computer program based on this formulation is used to predict the resulting motion. Predictions are shown to agree with experimental results. [S0021-8936(01)00701-2]

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