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Journal articles on the topic 'Ball valves'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

Kozhukhar', E. V. "Production of ball valves." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 33, no. 5 (September 1997): 542–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02416618.

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2

Dhanraj, Agre Virbhadra. "Experimental Analysis & Optimization with Validation of Ball Valve Body of WCB Material." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37403.

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The ball valves are used in place of pipelines where the flow of fluid is needed. Ball valves have been mostly used for high temperature and high pressure valves which requires high quality products with confidentiality, reliability and durability. The ball has a bore or passage through the middle, so that when the port is in line with both ends of the valve, the flow of fluid will occur. When the valve is closed, the hole is perpendicular to the ends of the valve, and the flow is closed. The ball valve can revolve 90°, which has large size and weight, but it has not only an enormously more excellent confidentiality than other valves in the severely high temperature and high pressure environment When the ball valve is in closed condition the pressure exerted on the ball valve body due to that high pressure fatigue stresses and strain develop on the body of valve. Because of the high pressure and temperature on the ball valve body leakage of body take place which cause safety issue and ball valve failure. By this research stress strain analysis of ball valve body obtains and identifies the maximum and minimum stress and strain produced on the body of ball valve. The Max stress by parts was confirmed through thermal-structural coupled field analysis of major parts to evaluate safety. The objective of this research is to examine the effect of pressure and temperatures on valve components its analysis and optimization
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3

Nikitin, V. M., and E. L. Lezhnin. "Machining ceramic parts for ball valves." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 26, no. 6 (June 1990): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01156885.

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4

Huzzard, R. J., and S. Blackburn. "Process improvement in preparation of ball valves." British Ceramic Transactions 100, no. 2 (February 2001): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/096797801681215.

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5

Zimin, V. V. "Diamond honing of plugs for ball valves." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 23, no. 4 (April 1987): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01149346.

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6

Matyushin, E. G., L. A. Regush, A. Ya Boiko, and I. V. Semenov. "Calculation of polymer seals for ball valves." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 21, no. 11 (November 1985): 529–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01149860.

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7

Kanno, Takahiro, Takashi Hasegawa, Tetsuro Miyazaki, Nobuyuki Yamamoto, Daisuke Haraguchi, and Kenji Kawashima. "Development of a Poppet-Type Pneumatic Servo Valve." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 31, 2018): 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112094.

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In pneumatic positioning and force-control systems, spool-type servo valves are widely used for obtaining quick responses and precise control. However, air leakage from these valves results in increased energy consumption. To address this problem, we developed a three-port poppet-type servo valve to reduce air leakage. The developed valve consists of a camshaft, two orifices, two metal balls, and a housing with two flow channels. The metal ball is pushed by fluid, and spring force closes the orifice. The port opens when the cam rotates and pushes the ball. The cam shape and orifice size were designed to provide the desired flow rate. The specifications of the DC motor for rotating the camshaft were determined considering the fluid force on the ball. Static and dynamic characteristics of the valve were measured. We experimentally confirmed that air leakage was 0.1 L/min or less. The ratio of air leakage to maximum flow rate was only 0.37%. Dynamic characteristic measurements showed that the valve had a bandwidth of 30 Hz. The effectiveness of the valve was demonstrated through experiments involving pressure and position control.
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8

Yusof, N. S. B., Azmin Shakrine Mohd Rafie, M. K. A. Ariffin, and N. Othman. "Computational Analysis of the Groove Effect to Reduce the Cavitation in Ball Valves." Applied Mechanics and Materials 629 (October 2014): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.629.414.

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Cavitation is a phenomenon that frequently creates fear within the engineering industry as the violent and critical attacks by cavitation can cause a lot of damage to ball valves. This paper is presented to reduce the risk of cavitation attack due to dramatic pressure drop and to demonstrate the ball valve performance. The ball valve with grooves was simulated and compared with current method under same boundary conditions as with existing experimental of ball valves. The proposed device can be operated in aircraft to isolate the fuel system and the engine fuel system after engine shutdown or emergency. The proposed implementation has successfully shown to eliminate the dramatic pressure drop effects to the ball valve. In the case study, at a closing angle of 40° at which violent cavitation occurs, the ball valve showed increasing cavitation intensity performance to 0.3 or 30%. The average performance of the cavitation index for all cases also increased to 24%.
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9

Mo, Chun Li, Xing Wei Tang, and Xu Ming Guo. "Analysis of CTOD Test for Proving Rings of Large-Scale Fully-Welded Ball Valves." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 1142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.1142.

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Fully-welded ball valves are widely used in the crude oil/natural gas transmission pipelines, and their quality has a direct bearing on the transportation safety of national energy. Two paralleled and symmetrical circular welds are used in the main welds of valve body, and the narrow-gap submerged arc welding (NG/SAW) is used in the welding groove. Because of conditional restrictions, it is impossible for the value to be post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). Therefore, the welds must have high impact toughness and strength. In order to study the welding performance of the base metal, SAW is used in the welding of proving rings of steel LF2 fully-welded ball valves. CTOD tests are applied to welding joints, and the result suggests that the minimum CTOD value of the valve’s welds and heat affected zone (HAZ) is more than 0.15mm. According to the criterion DNV-OS-C401, the welds in the fully-welded ball valve are safe enough without PWHT.
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10

Ma, Yi, Minjia Zhang, and Huashuai Luo. "Numerical and experimental studies of gas–liquid flow and pressure drop in multiphase pump valves." Science Progress 103, no. 3 (July 2020): 003685042094088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420940885.

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A numerical and experimental study was carried out to investigate the two-phase flow fields of the typical three valves used in the multiphase pumps. Under the gas volume fraction conditions in the range of 0%–100%, the three-dimensional steady and dynamic two-phase flow characteristics, pressure drops, and their multipliers of the ball valve, cone valve, and disk valve were studied, respectively, using Eulerian–Eulerian approach and dynamic grid technique in ANSYS FLUENT. In addition, a valve test system was built to verify the simulated results by the particle image velocimetry and pressure test. The flow coefficient CQ (about 0.989) of the disk valve is greater than those of the other valves (about 0.864) under the steady flow with a high Reynolds number. The two-phase pressure drops of the three valves fluctuate in different forms with the vibration of the cores during the dynamic opening. The two-phase multipliers of the fully opened ball valve are consistent with the predicted values of the Morris model, while those of the cone valve and disk valve had the smallest differences with the predicted values of the Chisholm model. Through the comprehensive analysis of the flow performance, pressure drop, and dynamic stability of the three pump valves, the disk valve is found to be more suitable for the multiphase pumps due to its smaller axial space, resistance loss, and better flow capacity.
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11

Pan, Tingrui, Scott J. McDonald, Eleanor M. Kai, and Babak Ziaie. "A magnetically driven PDMS micropump with ball check-valves." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 15, no. 5 (March 31, 2005): 1021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/15/5/018.

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12

Lv, Kai, Yudong Xie, Xinbiao Zhang, and Yong Wang. "Development of Savonius Rotors Integrated into Control Valves for Energy Harvesting." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 16, 2020): 8579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208579.

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Integrating vertical-axis runners into ball valves for energy harvesting from pressurized pipes in water supply systems has become a promising scheme of self-supplying power (referred to as the “GreenValve” scheme). In addition to energy harvesting, the GreenValve configuration also has the function of fluid regulating, which makes a qualitative breakthrough in both structure and function. However, the runner specially used to match the ball valve has not been fully studied and designed. Hence, based on the traditional Savonius rotor, a modified semi-elliptical runner is proposed in this study. To better match the ball valve structurally, the roundness of the runner at blade tip position is improved and, thus, the initial runner configuration is obtained. Moreover, research on blade profile flatness and runner aspect ratio is conducted in FLUENT software to be more functionally compatible with the ball valve. Numerical results indicate that the GreenValve always performs best in terms of shaft power at 25% opening regardless of the aspect ratio and the flatness. When the flatness value is equal to 0.7, the GreenValve presents the maximum shaft power and the second highest flow coefficient which is only 1.9% lower than the maximum value. Comparison results of three models with different aspect ratios reveal that the model with the smallest aspect ratio has a slight reduction in flow capacity while a significant improvement in shaft power, reaching a maximum shaft power of 78.6W.
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13

Accoto, D., M. C. Carrozza, and P. Dario. "Modelling of micropumps using unimorph piezoelectric actuator and ball valves." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 10, no. 2 (May 23, 2000): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/10/2/329.

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14

Bhasin, V., D. Conroy, and J. Reid. "Development of a Family of Commercial Marine Composite Ball Valves." Naval Engineers Journal 110, no. 4 (July 1998): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1998.tb02611.x.

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15

van Lookeren Campagne, C., R. Nicodemus, G. J. de Bruin, and D. Lohse. "A Method for Pressure Calculation in Ball Valves Containing Bubbles." Journal of Fluids Engineering 124, no. 3 (August 19, 2002): 765–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1486220.

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A method of analyzing bubbly flow in a ball valve in a hydraulic circuit is presented. The dynamics of a single bubble can be well described by a quasi-static approximation of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. Hence the presence of bubbles in low volume fractions can be modeled through an effective compressibility of the flow, which is easy to implement in commercial CFD packages. In the sample valve, a volume fraction of 4% air bubbles results in a mass flux reduction of up to 10%, as the bubbles expand due to the pressure drop in the valve and partly block it.
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16

Batanogov, F. A. "Electroslag deposition of shoulders on end pipes of ball valves." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 22, no. 9 (September 1986): 467–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01799318.

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17

Zaidenko, A. M. "Manual stand-by for the pneumohydraulic drive of ball valves." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 24, no. 8 (August 1988): 404–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01149200.

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18

LUND, O., M. A. KNUDSEN, H. K. PILEGAARD, K. MAGNUSSEN, and T. T. NIELSEN. "Long-term performance of Star-Edwards silastic ball valves and St Jude Medical bi-leaflet valves." European Heart Journal 11, no. 2 (February 1990): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a059666.

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19

Song, Rong, and Fang Zheng. "Analysis of Ball Valve Sealing Pressure Ratio Based on UG Nastran." Advanced Materials Research 703 (June 2013): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.703.204.

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According to the calculation of sealing pressure ratio in the ball valves seat sealing surface, Companies generally adopt the experience and the correction formula. The above methods can not reflect the real distribution of sealing pressure ratio in the ball valves seat sealing surface. Through the UG Nastran finite element analysis environment, This study simulates the actual working environment, precise Calculated the real distribution of Sealing pressure ratio, In order to improve the development speed and quality of enterprise's new product.
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20

Yang, Seung Deok, Chul Kyu Kim, Seok Yun Jeon, and Joon Yong Yoon. "Numerical performance and safety analyses of a retainer-type ball valve for use in a high-pressure district heating pipeline." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering 231, no. 6 (August 24, 2016): 1249–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954408916666303.

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The performance and safety of a retainer-type ball valve have been evaluated for use in a high-pressure pipeline to a district heating plant. The retainer-type ball valve is a developed valve improving the defects of the leaks that may occur in the general valves such as the floating ball valve or trunnion ball valve. To verify the valve design, a numerical analysis of the design has been applied to investigate safety factors and to determine the flow coefficients for the DN300 and DN400 standard sizes. The conditions used for the numerical analysis was based on the international standards ISO 5208, IEC 60534-2-3, and a high-pressure pipeline to a district heating plant. The structural analysis results comprise deformations, equivalent stresses, and safety factors, and the flow analysis results show the flow coefficient, the pressure distribution, the velocity vectors, and the flow patterns for each rotation angle. These results confirmed the characteristics and reliability of the retainer-type ball valve and, based on these studies, we proposed a retainer-type ball valve as a solution to solve the leakage problem .
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21

Jang, Jae-Sung, Seong-Hyun Hwang, and Tae-Jung Lho. "A Study on Implementation of Robot Overlay Welding System Based on OLP for Ball of Ball Valves." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 17, no. 12 (December 31, 2016): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2016.17.12.446.

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22

Kim, Chul-Kyu, Sang-Moon Lee, and Choon-Man Jang. "Performance analysis of a ball valve used for gas pipelines by introducing nondimensional parameters." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 1 (January 2019): 168781401882335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018823350.

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The present study deals with the performance characteristics of a ball valve used for gas pipelines by introducing nondimensional parameters. The ball valve has relatively complex flow characteristics on the inside and downstream of the valve, although it has a simple structure as compared with the other valves. The nondimensional parameters, which define the valve operating conditions, are introduced to analyze the nature of the physical properties due to the valve’s complex flow. To define the valve flow conditions with respect to valve size, seven nondimensional parameters were selected: pressure ratio, volumetric flow rate ratio, mass flow rate ratio, Reynolds number, Mach number, valve flow coefficient, and inherent flow coefficient. The open-loop type experimental setup is designed to measure the pressure drop and the volumetric flow rate of the ball valve according to the opening rate (angle) of the test valve. Based on the experimental data, obtained by the data acquisition system of the test rig, useful nondimensional parameters to define the nature of the valve performance have been selected and determined. Throughout the experimental analysis of the ball valve, it was found that the nondimensional parameters of pressure ratio, Reynolds number, and Mach number have a similar tendency as related to the valve performance. It can be seen that the intrinsic characteristics of the ball valve are represented by the selected nondimensional parameters, which are defined irrespective of the valve size. The authors proposed a quadratic polynomial for the volumetric flow rate ratio, and the mass flow rate ratio, and introduced the formula for predicting the inherent flow coefficient by the cubic approximation polynomial. It is noted that the nondimensional parameters of the ball valve can be used to determine the performance characteristics with respect to the valve-opening rate and size effectively.
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23

Sotoodeh, Karan. "Why are Butterfly Valves a Good Alternative to Ball Valves for Utility Services in the Offshore Industry?" American Journal of Industrial Engineering 5, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/ajie-5-1-6.

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24

Fu, C., Z. Rummler, and W. Schomburg. "Magnetically driven micro ball valves fabricated by multilayer adhesive film bonding." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 13, no. 4 (June 13, 2003): S96—S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/13/4/316.

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25

Luo, Guandong, Zhi Zheng, Likui Ning, Zheng Tan, Jian Tong, and Enze Liu. "Failure analysis of AISI 316L ball valves by salt bath nitriding." Engineering Failure Analysis 111 (April 2020): 104455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2020.104455.

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26

Zimin, V. V. "Precision semiautomatic spherical turning lathe for machining parts of ball valves." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 27, no. 2 (February 1991): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01147673.

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27

Frédérick, Gal, Lions Julie, Grellier Solenne, Squarcioni Patrice, and Barriere Jérôme. "Deep Aquifer Sampling and the Use of Ball Check-valves Systems." Energy Procedia 114 (July 2017): 3812–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1512.

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28

Gao, Zhi-xin, Yang Yue, Jia-ming Yang, Jun-ye Li, Hui Wu, and Zhi-jiang Jin. "Numerical Study of the Microflow Characteristics in a V-ball Valve." Micromachines 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12020155.

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V-ball valves are widely applied in many process industries to regulate fluid flow, and they have advantages of good approximately equal percentage flow characteristics and easy maintenance. However, in some applications, the V-ball valve needs to have good performance under both large and extremely small flow coefficients. In this paper, the improvement of the original V-ball valve is made and the flow characteristics between the original and the improved V-ball valve are compared. Two types of small gaps are added to the original V-ball, namely the gap with an approximately rectangular port and the gap with an approximately triangular port. The effects of the structure and the dimension of the gap on flow characteristics are investigated. Results show that within the gap, the flow coefficient increases but the loss coefficient decreases as the valve opening increases, and the flow coefficient has an approximately linear relationship with the flow cross-area of the added gap. Results also show that under the same flow cross-area, the flow coefficient has a higher value if the distance between the gap and the ball center is greater or if the gap is an approximately rectangular port, while the loss coefficient has an opposite trend.
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29

Kabir, Ehsanul, Hossein Emadi, Fathi Elldakli, and Matt Young. "Investigating effects of ball size on the performance of gas lift valve for both modified and optimized seats." Oil & Gas Sciences and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 73 (2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018002.

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The seat and the ball are the only two components of a Gas Lift Valve (GLV) that can be switched out to meet changing gas throughput requirements. For this reason, individual pairings of balls and seats must be designed to meet the particular requirements of specific situations. While conventional GLV seats have sharp edges, a modified seat design with partially beveled edges has been shown to improve gas throughput. This design was then tested using benchmark valve and was optimized by beveling the entire port of the seat. These experiments were conducted using a ball diameter that was 0.0016 m larger than the diameter of the port top, although the effects of even larger ball sizes have also been studied using benchmark valves with conventional seats. Researchers have yet to explore the effects of ball diameters smaller than the Port Top Diameter (PTD) and larger than the Port Bottom Diameter (PBD) for modified and optimized seat designs. In this paper, the effects of smaller ball size on the GLV gas throughput have been analyzed using both modified and optimized seat designs and actual GLV. The ball was 0.0016 m smaller than the PTD of the seats. Geometric models have been deduced to calculate the generated upstream area (frustum area) open to flow. This frustum area is a function of stem travel, and the dimensions of the seat and ball. Theoretical calculations have been compared with results obtained through robust experimental methods. The entire experimental program was divided into four individual experiments. The static testing was used to fix the dome pressure and the opening pressure. The hysteresis effect associated with the bellows assembly was minimized using the aging procedure. Probe tester was used to measure the stem travel. Finally, the gas throughput of the GLV was measured using dynamic testing. The smaller ball sizes were found to significantly improve the gas throughput of actual GLV. This improvement was as high as 179% for large PBD seats. However, the frustum area practically decreased for these cases. This result suggests that the flow coefficient has more effect on GLV gas throughput compared to frustum area.
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30

Vetter, J., T. Michler, and H. Steuernagel. "Hard coatings on thermochemically pretreated soft steels: application potential for ball valves." Surface and Coatings Technology 111, no. 2-3 (January 1999): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(98)00809-3.

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31

Zaurbekov, S. A., G. K. Akanova, D. Y. Balgayev, and K. S. Zaurbekov. "Extension of operational life of ball valves in piston and plunger pumps." Mining informational and analytical bulletin, no. 7 (2021): 165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25018/0236_1493_2021_7_0_165.

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32

Xu, Li Ming, Yu Jue Wang, and De Jin Hu. "Quantitative Analysis and Evaluation of Valve Core Spherical Surface Grinding Texture." Key Engineering Materials 693 (May 2016): 1279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.693.1279.

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High hardness surface coating sphere components are widely used in metal sealing ball valves. The spherical surface grinding texture influences the valve’s tribological performances such as friction, lubrication and wear of interacting surfaces. It can be used to develop the index of grinding parameter optimization. In this paper, based on the discussion of sphere generating grinding methods, the surface grinding texture is quantitatively analyzed. The space trajectory of abrasive particles during sphere grinding is studied. The trajectory mathematical models are built based on two kinds of sphere grinding manners and are verified by comparing the theoretical results against experimental measurements. The influence of grinding parameters on the texture is analyzed. Texture density are defined to quantitatively describe the surface texture. The relationship between grinding texture and ball valve performance is finally discussed. The conclusions can help to optimize the spherical surface grinding process.
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33

Tonietto, G., F. Cassot, R. Rieu, V. Garitey, and R. Pelissier. "Near Velocity Field Downstream Prosthetic Valves in Aortic Position." International Journal of Artificial Organs 15, no. 5 (May 1992): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139889201500508.

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Using a cardiovascular simulator to duplicate in vitro the flow conditions through valves in aortic position, bidimensional velocity maps very near the valve are reconstructed, from an ultrasonic 8 Mhz doppler system, in an elastic model of the ascending aortic arch. Three mechanical heart valves representative of the different types of commercial models (a tilting disc, a ball in cage and a two-leaflet valve) and a new bileaflet prototype were investigated. From examination of the velocity field, it is possible to define the main characteristics of the valve wake and to observe the development of negative velocities associated with regurgitant flows. From a comparison with tests in rigid tubes, the role played by the arch elasticity is analysed.
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34

Ye, Jiawei, Wei Zeng, Zhigao Zhao, Jiebin Yang, and Jiandong Yang. "Optimization of Pump Turbine Closing Operation to Minimize Water Hammer and Pulsating Pressures During Load Rejection." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 23, 2020): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13041000.

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In load rejection transitional processes in pumped-storage plants (PSPs), the process of closing pump turbines, including guide vane (GVCS) and ball valve closing schemes (BVCS), is crucial for controlling pulsating pressures and water hammer. Extreme pressures generated during the load rejection process may result in fatigue damage to turbines, and cracks or even bursts in the penstocks. In this study, the closing schemes for pump turbine guide vanes and ball valves are optimized to minimize water hammer and pulsating pressures. A model is first developed to simulate water hammer pressures and to estimate pulsating pressures at the spiral case and draft tube of a pump turbine. This is combined with genetic algorithms (GA) or non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) to realize single- or multi-objective optimizations. To increase the applicability of the optimized result to different scenarios, the optimization model is further extended by considering two different load-rejection scenarios: full load-rejection of one pump versus two pump turbines, simultaneously. The fuzzy membership degree method provides the best compromise solution for the attained Pareto solutions set in the multi-objective optimization. Employing these optimization models, robust closing schemes can be developed for guide vanes and ball valves under various design requirements.
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35

Usoltcev, Evgenii A., Evgenii L. Furman, and Igor E. Furman. "Development of Cast Cobalt Alloy for SRP Valve Pairs." Solid State Phenomena 316 (April 2021): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.316.502.

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The work is devoted to studying of possibility to manufacture cast ball valves of sucker rod oil pumps instead of those manufactured by the powder metallurgy method from Stellite 20 alloy. It is shown that Stellite 20 cast alloy includes about 20% μ and σ brittle phases, destruction whereof, in case of impact-abrasion wear, when excavating oil, leads to quick failure of the valve pair. A new cast cobalt alloy not containing brittle phases has been developed instead of Stellite 20 alloy, which allowed to improve wear resistance of cast valve pairs to the level of valves produced by the powder metallurgy method.
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36

Paulsen, P. K., H. Nygaard, J. M. Hasenkam, J. Gormsen, H. Stødkilde-Jørgensen, and O. Albrechtsen. "Analysis of Velocity in the Ascending Aorta in Humans." International Journal of Artificial Organs 11, no. 4 (July 1988): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139888801100413.

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To analyze velocity spectral energy distribution in humans, blood velocities were recorded by means of hot-film anemometry at 41 predetermined measurement points in the cross-sectional area of the ascending aorta approximately 6 cm downstream of the aortic valves. Measurements were made in 8 patients with normal aortic valves, in 4 after insertion of a St. Jude Medical (SJM) aortic valve and in 3 after insertion of a Starr-Edwards Silastic Ball (SSB) aortic valve. Data analysis based on Fast Fourier Transform demonstrated that turbulence energy was lower in patients with normal aortic valves than in patients after insertion of an artificial valve in the aortic position and probably more pronounced after SSB valves than after SJM valves. The spatial distribution of the turbulence energy above 100 Hz was more irregular than corresponding laminar velocities previously presented. The Ver100 (Velocity Energy Ratio at 100 Hz, i.e. the velocity energy above 100 Hz divided by the total velocity energy) proved useful for evaluating differences in flow disturbances downstream of different aortic valves. The mean VER100 in the three categories of patients were respectively 0.3, 1.4, and 2.1%.
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37

Jalikop, Shreyas V., Bernhard Scheichl, Stefan J. Eder, and Stefan Hönig. "A New Computational Fluid Dynamics Model To Optimize Sucker Rod Pump Operation and Design." SPE Production & Operations 36, no. 02 (March 11, 2021): 359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/201285-pa.

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Summary Artificial lift systems are widely used in oil production, of which sucker rod pumps are conceptually among the simpler ones. The reciprocating movement of the plunger triggers the opening and closing of two ball valves, allowing fluid to be pumped to the surface. Their built-in ball valves are subject to long-time erosion and fail as a consequence of this damage mechanism. Understanding the principal damage mechanisms requires a thorough examination of the fluid dynamics during the opening and closing action of these valves. In this article, we present a fluid-structure interaction model that simultaneously computes the fluid flow in the traveling valve (TV), the standing valve (SV), and the chamber of sucker rod pumps during a full pump cycle. The simulations shed light on the causes of valve damage for standard and nonideal operating conditions of the pump. In particular, our simulations based on real pump operating envelopes reveal that the so-called “midcycle valve closure” is likely to occur. Such additional closing and opening events of the valves multiply situations in which the flow conditions are harmful to the individual pump components, leading to efficiency reduction and pump failure. This mechanism, hitherto unreported in the literature, is believed to constitute the primary cause of long-term valve damage. Our finite element method-based computational-fluid-dynamics model can accurately describe the opening and closing cycles of the two valves. For the first time, this approach allows an analysis of real TV speed versus position plots, usually called pump cards. The effects of stroke length, plunger speed, and fluid parameters on the velocity and pressure at any point and time inside the pump can thus be investigated. Identifying the damage-critical flow parameters can help suggest measures to avoid unfavorable operating envelopes in future pump designs. Our flow model may support field operations throughout the entire well life, ranging from improved downhole pump design to optimized pump operation or material selections. It can aid the creation of an ideal interaction between the valves, thus avoiding midcycle valve closure to drastically extend the mean time between failures of sucker rod pumps. Finally, our simulation approach will speed up new pump component development while greatly reducing the necessity for costly laboratory testing.
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38

Chew, Y. T., H. T. Low, C. N. Lee, and S. S. Kwa. "Laser Anemometry Measurements of Steady Flow Past Aortic Valve Prostheses." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 115, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895489.

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An experimental investigation was conducted in steady flow to examine the fluid dynamics performance of three prosthetic heart valves of 27 mm diameter: Starr-Edwards caged ball valve, Bjork-Shiley convexo-concave tilting disk valve, and St. Vincent tilting disk valve. It was found that the pressure loss across the St. Vincent valve is the least and is, in general, about 70 percent of that of the Starr-Edwards valve. The pressure recovery is completed about 4 diameters downstream. The velocity profiles for the ball valve reveal a large single reversed flow region behind the occluder while those for the tilting disks valves reveal two reversed flow regions immediately behind the occluders. Small regions of stasis are also found near the wall in the minor opening of Bjork-Shiley valve and in the major opening of St. Vincent valve. The maximum wall shear stresses of the three valves at a flow rate of 30 l/min are in the range 30–50 dyn/cm2 which can cause hemolysis of attached red blood cells. The corresponding maximum Reynolds normal stresses are in the range of 1600–3100 dyn/cm2. The Reynolds normal stresses decay quickly and return approximately to the upstream undisturbed level at about 4 diameters downstream while the wall shear stresses decay at a slower rate. The maximum Reynolds normal stresses occur at about 1 diameter downstream while the maximum wall shear stress is at about 2 diameters downstream. In general, the St. Vincent valve has better performance. A method to compensate for refractive index variations and curvature effect of the sinus region of the aorta root using laser doppler anemometer measurements is also proposed.
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39

Mengoni, M., M. Mandolini, M. Matteucci, and M. Germani. "A Scalable “Design for Costing” Platform: A Practical Case in Ball Valves Industry." Procedia CIRP 50 (2016): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2016.05.084.

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40

Hirji, Sameer A., Tsuyoshi Kaneko, and Sary Aranki. "The revolution and evolution of mechanical valves: The ball has left the cage." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 155, no. 5 (May 2018): e149-e150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.01.009.

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41

Pająk, Michał, Monika Madej, and Dariusz Ozimina. "Use of a optical profilometer for presentation of tribologic damages of ball valves." Mechanik, no. 4 (April 2015): 329/157–329/162. http://dx.doi.org/10.17814/mechanik.2015.4.191.

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42

SAKAI, Koichiro, and Hiroshige KUMAMARU. "M808 Fluid-Structure Coupled Numerical Analysis on Micro Diaphragm Pump with Ball Valves." Proceedings of Conference of Kansai Branch 2016.91 (2016): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekansai.2016.91.342.

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43

Pugi, L., E. Galardi, G. Pallini, L. Paolucci, and N. Lucchesi. "Design and testing of a pulley and cable actuator for large ball valves." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 230, no. 7 (May 4, 2016): 622–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959651816642093.

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44

Babaev, S. G., and N. A. Gasanov. "Improving the quality of lapping of ball valves used in oil-well pumps." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 27, no. 5 (May 1991): 285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01148555.

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45

Zheng, Xun, Jin Gen Deng, Hai Yan Zhu, Shu Jie Liu, Wen Long Zhao, and Mi Hua Zhang. "Failure Analysis of Kelly Cock Valve Used in Drilling Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 2610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2610.

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Though statistically analyzing ten typical wells of kelly cock valve failure in certain oilfields, the main failure modes of the kelly cock valve were determined. Aiming at these modes and combining with mechanical analysis of knob, upper seat and main body of the kelly cock valve, its finite element calculation had been implemented and the weakness of all parts was found. By numerical modeling of the flow field of a kelly cock valve it was found that the velocity of fluid rapidly increased at upper and lower valve seats and this could easily prick out ball valves and valve seats, there was a annular low-velocity zone of minimum speed between the ball valve and the inner wall of the main body and this caused solid aggregation at this area. The research in this paper made the modes and causes of kelly failure to be recognized systematically. The results provided theoretical foundations of further improving the design and reasonable using of a kelly cock valve.
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46

Chandran, K. B., B. Khalighi, and C. J. Chen. "Experimental study of physiological pulsatile flow past valve prostheses in a model of human aorta—I. Caged ball valves." Journal of Biomechanics 18, no. 10 (January 1985): 763–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(85)90051-x.

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47

Sotoodeh, Karan. "Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) of Pipeline Ball Valves in the Offshore Industry." Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 20, no. 4 (July 25, 2020): 1175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11668-020-00924-8.

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48

ZITTER, R. N., T. J. CHEN, X. ZHANG, and R. TAO. "FLUID FLOW AND FALLING BALL EXPERIMENTS IN ER FLUIDS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 08, no. 20n21 (September 1994): 2823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979294001159.

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The ability of the induced dipole–dipole model to predict various properties of an electrorheological fluid is tested in a series of experiments: the deformation of a single particle chain under fluid flow, the velocity of a falling ball at various electric fields, particle sizes, and concentrations, and flow valves operating at either constant pressure differential or constant flow rate. Analyses of these rather different experimental situations show that with proper application, the induced dipole model can give a fairly accurate description of observed characteristics.
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49

Osintsev, K. V., and N. A. Kuznetsov. "Methodology of experimental determination of dependability indicators when performing static bending tests of ball valves." Dependability 20, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2020-20-3-15-20.

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50

WASHIO, Seiichi, Takashi KAWAKAMI, and Kohji HASUNAKA. "Steady-state Properties of 3-way Ball Valves Used for PWM Regulation of Oil Pressure." Hydraulics & Pneumatics 24, no. 1 (1993): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5739/jfps1970.24.122.

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