Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ballade No,2

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ballade No,2'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ballade No,2"

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Andruhin, Maxim S. "Conceptual unity of Vl. Khodasevich’s book «Heavy lyre»." Semiotic studies 1, no. 2 (September 13, 2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2782-2966-2021-1-2-38-46.

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The article is devoted to the consistent patterns of the book Heavy Lyre by Vl. Khodasevich. The main issue of the article refers to the structural subsequence of the arranged poems in the book Heavy Lyre and the factors that may have influenced such structural subsequence. The author aims to compare the first and the last poems of the book so as to identify and compare their main themes and the change of the lyrical subject. In order to archive this goal the author carries out an immanent analysis of the poem Music. As a result, there has been proved the insufficiency of existing interpretations. Finally the author analyzes the poem Ballade in accordance with the other research studies, and there has been provided a comparative table of the two texts. The author concludes that there exist four main themes that unite both texts, and he provides the development of their change..
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Suvorova, Tetiana. "The Discursive Metonymy in the Imagery of American Folklore Ballads." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 27, no. 2 (April 12, 2020): 229–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2020-27-2-229-251.

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Introduction. The article presents the effort to describe the semantics of American folklore ballads with account of the links between the images involved in the text creation. The discursive metonymy is considered to be the connecting cognitive mechanism of the ballad concepts that are objectified by the verbal images in the texts. Via the cognitive mechanism of the discursive metonymy the creative activity delivers understanding each text of the ballads as the unity of images presenting the definite creative idea. Materials and Methods. American Folklore ballads serve to be the material of the scientific analysis, as the texts represent the collective typical and recursive artistic categorizing and conceptualizing of the reality. Thus, the phenomenon of the discursive metonymy can be proved to be a typical means of the textual images organization. The theory of the conceptual metaphor and the conceptual tropes facilitate the analysis of the semantics of the ballad texts. The theory of basic concepts in general and the integrated model of the networks between the concepts lie in distinguishing the dominant models of the discursive metonymy. Results. The typical linguistic means are involved in the ballad texts to enable the correlation of the ballad images within the model of the discursive metonymy. These are the repetitions in all the levels: phonological, lexical, syntactical resulting in the formation of the concept networks via the discursive metonymy in the textual level. The anaphora and cataphora, the ellipsis, and the conjunctions of different types are progressed in the development of the textual unity via the mechanism of the discursive metonymy. Conclusions. The discursive metonymy plays the structuring and generalizing role in the system of the images in the ballad texts.
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Karnachuk, Natalia V. "“Strange and rare news”: information about foreign events in the English broadside literature of 1540–1570." Historia provinciae – the journal of regional history 5, no. 2 (2021): 336–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2021-5-2-1.

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The article provides a brief analysis of English broadside ballads of 1540–70, which to a certain extent covered foreign events. The purpose of the analysis is to retrace the emergence and initial steps in the development of interest in foreign events in the broadside literature and to identify the genre features which influenced this process. The author notes the importance of the broadside ballad as a means of disseminating information in the middle and lower strata of English cities and countryside. The article raises the question about the influence of the royal power, private interests of the ballads’ authors, and the demand of the audience on the formation of the texts devoted to foreign events. The author of the article concludes that all of the abovementioned influences did take place, but none of them was dominant. It is noted that the events of 1569–70 associated with the Northern Rebellion played a special role in the formation of the sub-genre of ballads about foreign events. It is shown how under the influence of these events, the political and ideological message of ballads about foreign events was formed, which, in turn, contributed to the formation of mass ideas about the place of England in European politics. The data on the quantitative growth of ballads about foreign news are also presented.
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Beutler, Gisela, Samuel G. Armistead, Joseph H. Silverman, and Israel J. Katz. "Judeo-Spanish Ballads from Oral Tradition. 2. Carolingian Ballads (1): Roncesvalles." Jahrbuch für Volksliedforschung 40 (1995): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/847978.

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Dyachenko, Tatyana A. "The development of the oriental plot in the ballad by Lokhvitskaya “Enis-el-Jellis”." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 2 (March 2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.2-21.064.

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The article discusses the development of the oriental plot in the ballad by Lokhvitskaya “Enis-el-Jellis”. The ballad is a poetic version of the literary novel of Lokhvitskaya and Balmont. The depiction of elements of traditional architecture, the realities of life, the description of the appearance of the lyrical heroine in the spirit of sophisticated oriental lyrics, the use of the motif of bliss make it possible to put the sensual world of the poetess’s experiences in a space of oriental exoticism. According to many biographers, the central image of the work — the slave Enis el-Jellis — this is Lokhvitskaya “dressed up” in the eastern beauty. Playing this role the poetess openly expresses her romantic feelings. Much attention is given to the color system of the ballad. The following colors belong to the image of the slave: scarlet, gold, blue / gray, which create positive connotations and consolidate the link “Enis el Jellis — colorfulness — life”. With the lover of the lyrical heroine — the knight — only two colors are associated: the black color of the night and the white color of his horse, which makes a double impression. In addition, the work notes the static and dynamic discription of the main images of the ballad.
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Shelemay, Kay Kaufman, Samuel G. Armistead, Joseph H. Silverman, and Israel J. Katz. "Folk Literature of the Sephardic Jews. Vol. 2: Judeo-Spanish Ballads from Oral Tradition. 1: Epic Ballads." Ethnomusicology 31, no. 2 (1987): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/851902.

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Karbashevska, Oksana. "English Folk Ballads Collected By Cecil James Sharp in The Southern Appalachians: Genesis, Transformation and Ukrainian Parallels." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 1, no. 2-3 (December 22, 2014): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.1.2-3.79-85.

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The purpose of this research, presented at the Conference sectional meeting, is to tracepeculiarities of transformation of British folk medieval ballads, which were brought to theSouthern Appalachians in the east of the USA by British immigrants at the end of the XVIIIth –beginning of the XIXth century and retained by their descendants, through analyzing certain textson the levels of motifs, dramatis personae, composition, style and artistic means, as well as tooutline relevant Ukrainian parallels. The analysis of such ballads, plot types and epic songs wascarried out: 1) British № 10: “The Twa Sisters” (21 variants); American “The Two Sisters”(5variants) and Ukrainian plot type I – C-5: “the elder sister drowns the younger one because of envyand jealousy” (8 variants); 2) British № 26: The Three Ravens” (2), “The Twa Corbies” (2);American “The Three Ravens” (1), “The Two Crows”(1) and Ukrainian epic songs with the motif oflonely death of a Cossack warrior on the steppe (4). In our study British traditional ballads areclassified according to the grouping worked out by the American scholar Francis Child(305 numbers), Ukrainian folk ballads – the plot-thematic catalogue developed by the Ukrainianfolklorist Оleksiy Dey (here 288 plots are divided into 3 spheres, cycles and plot types). Theinvestigation and comparison of the above indicated texts witness such main tendencies: 1) theAmerican counterparts, collected in the Appalachian Mountains, preserve the historic-nationalmemory and cultural heritage of the British immigrant bearers on the level of leading motifs,dramatis personae, composition peculiarities, traditional medieval images, epithets, similes,commonplaces; 2) some motifs, characters, images, artistic means, archaic and dialectal English ofthe Child ballads are reduced or substituted in the Appalachian texts; 3) realism of Americanballad transformations, which overshadows fantasy and aristocracy of their British prototypes, issimilar to the manner of poetic presentation of the typologically-arisen and described events by theUkrainian folk ballads and dumas .
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Huang, Hong, Hua Feng Yu, and Guang Ming Liu. "Ballast Waters Treatment Using UV/(H2O2+O3) Advanced Oxidation Process with Heterosigma akashiwo, Pyramimimonas sp., and Escherichia coli as Indicator Microorganism." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 946–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.946.

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Introducing invasive species through ballast water is a specific pollution problem and has recently identified as one of the main concerns of Maritime Organizations. UV/(H2O2/O3) advanced oxidation process is a technological alternative to prevent this maritime pollution. In this present study, inactivation efficiency of the UV/(H2O2/O3) processes for ballast water treatment using Heterosigma akashiwo, Pyramimimonas sp. and Escherichia coli as indicator microorganisms was investigated. Compared with individual or combined two units processes using UV, H2O2 and O3, the UV/(H2O2+O3) process yield the highest levels of inactivation due to synergistic effects. In order to study the dynamic inactivation efficiency of equipment for stimulated ballast water treatment, the effects tests of the hydraulic residence time were conducted. The results indicated that the shorter hydraulic residence time had better inactivation efficiency. These findings have implications for the ballast water treatment.
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Williams, Karl, and Robert Perske. "The Ballad of David Wayne Lee." Mental Retardation 38, no. 5 (October 2000): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2000)038<0462:tbodwl>2.0.co;2.

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BAĞCI, HATİCE. "MUĞLA BÖLGESİNDE ÜRETİLEN BALLARDA ANTİBİYOTİK KALINTILARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI." UNIKA Journal of Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47327/unikasaglik.2.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ballade No,2"

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Ljung, Lucas. "Skräckromantiken genom Franz Liszt Ballad i b-moll." Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för klassisk musik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-2977.

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I den här examensuppsatsen undersöks Franz Liszt och hans Ballad nr 2 i b moll. Genom detta ämnar jag ta reda på vad skräckromantiken egentligen var, vad som skapade den och om detta stycke är ett uttryck för tiden. Syftet är att undersöka stycket och försöka anknyta det till nutiden. Först gick jag noga igenom noterna och analyserade hur det musikaliska, dramaturgiska uttrycket hängde samman med orden, poemet. Efter att ha övat in själva melodin började ett sökande efter poemets berättelse i musiken, och en ny lång inövningsperiod där jag uttryckte historien i musiken, den som eventuellt fanns där men framför allt den egna tolkningen. Jag kom fram till att stycket var ett klart uttryck för det som kallas för skräckromantiken som många av verken Liszt och hans generationskollegor skapade.
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Zakrzewska, Dorota. "Alienation and powerlessness : Adam Mickiewicz's Ballady and Chopin's Ballades." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ43976.pdf.

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Vazquez, Medrano Oscar. "A study of L. Van Beethoven’s Sonata Op. 31, No.1; Chopin’s Nocturne Op. 55, No. 2 and Ballade Op. 23; Ponce’s Prelude and Fugue on a theme by Handel; and Larregla’s ¡Viva Navarra! Jota de Concierto: Historical, theoretical and stylistic implications." Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38758.

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Master of Music
School of Music, Theatre, and Dance
Slawomir Dobrzanski
The purpose of this Master’s report is to analyze the five-piano works at the author’s piano recital on April 8, 2018. The discussed pieces are Ludwig van Beethoven’s Sonata in G major Op. 31, No.1; Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin’s Nocturne Op. 55, No. 2 and Ballade in G minor, Op. 23; Manuel M. Ponce’s Prelude and Fugue on a theme by Handel; and Joaquín Larregla Urbieta’s ¡Viva Navarra! Jota de Concierto. The author approaches the analysis and study of the pieces from the historical, theoretical, and stylistic perspectives.
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Malm, Ulf. "Sveriges medeltida ballader. Utgivna av Svenskt visarkiv. Band 4:1, 4:2. Sthlm 1996." Uppsala universitet, Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen, 1997. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201074.

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Tavares, Joana Flor R. "Assessing the importance of biological uncertainties to the control of species introductions via ballast water /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 90 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654487631&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Varillas, Montenegro Alberto. "RUT HOUSE WEBBER, Formulistic diction in the Spanish ballad. University of California Press. Berkeley and Los Angeles. 1951 . (University 01 California Publications in Modern Philology, vol . XXXIV. núm. 2. págs . 175-278)." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114162.

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En-I, Chi, and 機恩藝. "The Interpretation of Chopin’s Ballade No. 2, Op. 38." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98653627110366278003.

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碩士
輔仁大學
音樂研究所
101
The main theme of this thesis is about Chopin’s Ballade No.2, Op.38. It is included Chopin’s life, the background and features of the composition, comparison of score versions, musical analysis and performance interpretation. At last, the conclusion of the complete music structure and the contrast characteristic of Chopin Ballade No.2 Op.38.Beside, the author compares the differences of fingering, phrase lines and pedals skills by using three music score versions from Paderewski, Jan Ekier’s PWM and G. Henle. Lastly, author comments on methods of personal interpretation and the ways to overcome the difficulties of playing this Ballade.
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Hai, Chuang Shu, and 莊淑慧. "An Analysis and Interpretation of Franz Liszt's Ballade No. 2." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97216408615170738526.

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Yang, Chien-Hsi, and 楊茜睎. "A Study on Franz Liszt’s Ballade No. 2 in b minor." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90209783540490402227.

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碩士
高雄師範大學
音樂學系
99
Franz Liszt (1811-1886) "Ballade No. b minor" completed in 1853, the music contains poetic images, according to the views of pianist Claudio Arrau, he implied the Greek love story "Hero and Leander" behind the ballade, author hopes to integrate the music with the story, with the understanding will benefit while performing. As a whole, the "Ballade No. 2 in b minor" covers the tradition as well as the innovation in terms of the musical art. From the literature and musical analysis, the "Ballade No. 2 in b minor" could be regarded as the "symphonic poem", in which the composer applied the "thematic transformation" as his compositional techniques. The dissertation will attempt to discuss how the throughout understanding of “Ballade No. 2 in b minor” can help author realize the myth “Hero and Leander”. The dissertation is organized into five chapters. The first chapter will introduce the motive, purpose and method of the discourse. The second chapter focuses on the history of “ballade” and describes the historical background of the work. The third chapter is the compositional analysis and compares the different theories of the composition. The fourth chapter talks about the performance interpretation; it compares the different publications of the “Ballade No. 2 in b minor”, as well as its’ three different versions of endings. The dissertation will also discuss how the story of "Hero and Leander" and "Ballade No. 2 in b minor" are related. The final chapter concludes how thematic transformation matches the characters’ roles with the music. Follow the close relationship between words and music, the performance will be more insightful.
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Lin, Tzu Chen, and 林子程. "The Analysis and Interpretation of Franz Liszt Ballade No.2 in b minor." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6c6j3k.

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碩士
國立臺灣藝術大學
音樂學系
103
Abstract Piano is the king of musical instruments; Liszt, the king of the piano. His brilliant techniques on piano, exaggerated expressions in music and beautiful melody have conquered all the people. A great Chinese poet Du Fu once said, “Read wild, and you will wisely write.” The author sincerely believes that Liszt’s works have the same vein“Practice wild and you will wisely play.” In his 75 years’ career, he has composed all sorts of piano works. In these works, they in general can be classified into two types: originals and transcriptions. The paper investigated the original one. Liszt composed two ballades during his life: Ballade No.1 was composed in 1848 and completed in 1849 while Ballade No.2 in b minor was composed and accomplished in 1853. Pianist Claude Arrau, in the book “Conversation with Arrau” written by Valdimir Horowitz（1903-1989）, once claimed “Liszt’s Ballade No.2 was based on a Greek mythology also known as a love story– Hero and Leander. Touched by the mythology, the author would like to experience the scenarios of those characters in the mythology in the context of music.
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Books on the topic "Ballade No,2"

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Sowerby, Leo. King Estmere: Ballad for two pianos and orchestra, H. 166. [Rochester, N.Y.]: Leo Sowerby Foundation, 1995.

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Reyes, Félix Ojeda. Simplemente Betances: Exposición de arte e historia organizada por el Instituto de Estudios del Caribe de la Universidad de Puerto Rico en colaboración con el Museo de las Américas, Cuartel de Ballajá, San Juan, 2 de septiembre al 19 de octubre de 2003. San Juan, P.R: Ediciones Puerto, 2003.

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Delany, Samuel R. La Ballade de Bêta-2. Lgf - Livre De Poche, 1997.

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Roberson, Jennifer. Chroniques des Cheysulis. 2, La ballade d'Homana. Pocket, 1998.

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Veys, Pierre, and Bazile. Les Avatars, tome 2 : La Ballade de John. Dargaud, 2003.

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Bednarz, Klaus. Ballade vom Baikalsee. 2 Cassetten. Begegnungen mit Menschen und Landschaften. Gelesen vom Autor. Hoffmann & Campe, 1999.

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Caffrey, Anne Mc, and Simone Himming. La Ballade de Pern. Les Origines, tome 2 : La Chute des fils, chroniques. Pocket, 1995.

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Anne, McCaffrey. La Ballade de Pern. Autres mondes de Pern, tome 2: L'Oeil du dragon. Pocket, 1998.

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Gerlitz, Carsten. Rock Ballads 2. Schott Music, 2012.

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100 Irish Ballads Volume 2. Soodlum (Dublin, Ireland), 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ballade No,2"

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Holloway, John, and Joan Black. "The Ballads." In Later English Broadside Ballads, 13–285. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003060475-2.

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Rands, Bernard, and Gilbert Sorrentino. "Ballad 2 (1970)." In New Vocal Repertory, 214–18. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18494-1_63.

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VanTassel-Baska, Joyce, and Linda D. Avery. "Robert Ballard." In Changing Tomorrow 2 Grades 6-8, 31–40. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003233619-12.

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Van Esbroeck, Michel. "BALLAD ABOUT SAINT ANDREW AND THE CANNIBALS, ATTRIBUTED TO SAINT EPHRAIM." In Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies (Volume 2), edited by George Kiraz, 27–36. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463214074-003.

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Saglam, Hacer, and Ertug Duzgunes. "Effect of Ballast Water on Marine Ecosystem." In Exergy for A Better Environment and Improved Sustainability 2, 373–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62575-1_26.

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Indraratna, Buddhima, and Trung Ngo. "Parameters for track design." In Ballast Railroad Design: SMART-UOW Approach, 5–16. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press/Balkema, [2018]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429504242-2.

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Joncus, Berta. "2. ‘The Assemblage of every female Folly’: Lavinia Fenton, Kitty Clive, and the Genesis of Ballad Opera." In Women, Popular Culture, and the Eighteenth Century, edited by Tiffany Potter, 25–51. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442689985-004.

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"2. Ballad Titles." In Carolingian Ballads, 1: Roncesvalles, 375–82. University of California Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520322608-013.

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"ΚΟΤΣΥΦΙ 2." In A Greek Ballad, 212–13. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvnwbxxx.65.

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"ΠΕΡΙ ΠΟΙΗΣΕΩΣ 2." In A Greek Ballad, 224–25. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvnwbxxx.71.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ballade No,2"

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Evans, Paul, and Emma Langley. "Practical Difficulties of Sampling Ballast Tanks - What Lessons Can Be Learned?" In IMarEST Ballast Water Technology Conference. IMarEST, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24868/bwtc6.2017.003.

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The adoption of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWMC) in 2004 (herewith the Convention) has sought to prevent the spread of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in the ballast water and sediments of ships, threatening marine ecosystems worldwide. The Convention sets out the various requirements and the various steps vessels owners / operators and port States need to undertake in order to effectively manage ballast water and sediments. However, there are still open issues and uncertainty, including the scientific and practical challenges of sampling of ballast tanks and monitoring compliance with the Convention’s standards. In order to monitor compliance with the Convention’s standards, documented management practices can be inspected for appropriateness and inspection of vessel log books can give an indication that practices have been implemented. However, sampling is the most effective way to ensure compliance with standards set out in the Convention. To check compliance with the D-1 (exchange) standard, vessel log books should be inspected and sampling can be used to check for anomalies in the composition of the ballast water (e.g. salinity). D-1 compliance is intended as an interim step until treatment systems are more widely available – although, some ports may require exchange as well as treatment in the long term. Compliance with the D-2 (performance) standard following treatment of the ballast water requires the sampling of biological, chemical and physical parameters. Whether checking compliance to the D-1 or D-2 standards, there are significant sampling challenges. These include the logistics of gaining vessel access; having multiple sample methods available to suit ballast tank access restrictions; getting a representative sample; sample analyses; sample interpretation and; what to do if a sample fails? In addition to this, local requirements can present further challenges (e.g. small time windows for bacterial analysis). This paper will highlight the difficulties of sampling ballast tanks in practice, drawing from national and international experiences, and will also comment more broadly on the sampling process and governance – such as regional differences and the role of port State control. Drawing on protocols adopted by other states will help to facilitate a more efficient, consistent and organised implementation of the Convention to the shipping community worldwide.
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Stark, Timothy D., Robert H. Swan, and Zehong Yuan. "Ballast Direct Shear Testing." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3714.

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This paper summarizes the appropriate equipment and test procedure for ballast shear strength testing using the direct shear method (ASTM D3080 and D5321) and presents some typical results. To accomplish this ballast testing, a full-scale direct shear box was developed that can accommodate an approximately 1 m (3 feet) wide and 0.6 m (2 feet) deep specimen, which is much larger than current shear boxes used for ballast testing. This larger specimen size resulted in significant differences in measured shear behavior and shear strength parameters. The shear strength properties of the ballast under typical as-placed conditions are determined herein using the new shear box and normal stresses applied through dead weight loading that are representative of railroad track conditions. Effects of direct shear specimen size and confining normal stress are demonstrated using a typical angular granite ballast and the results are compared to published ballast shear strength data.
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Douglas, S. Caleb. "Ballast Quality and Breakdown During Transport." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2553.

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Union Pacific Railroad has prioritized optimizing the life span of ballast material utilized across the system. A multi-faceted approach is presented which addresses (1) obtaining hard, durable ballast; (2) ensuring that the ballast delivered satisfies the specification; and (3) evaluating the resistance of ballast to breakdown during transportation. The initial focus included a quality management system to verify that properly graded and clean ballast is loaded into the railcars. Periodic testing and unannounced quarry visits are in place for each ballast source. Petrographic testing was completed for each source to identify potential problematic mineralogical issues. The second focus is ballast degradation during transport. The study included three railcars shipped to a central location where a gradation analysis on each railcar was completed in its entirety. Various sampling methods were utilized at the ballast sources during loading of the railcar and are compared to the unloaded results. The variability of gradation results from different sampling methods was a significant outcome of the study. The test results indicate that the half inch particle size increased during transport. The outcomes of these series of studies are constant evaluation of ballast suppliers is warranted, obtaining representative samples of ballast for gradation quality control is difficult, and transportation results in a minor increase of the half-inch particle size.
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4

Wilk, Stephen T., and Timothy D. Stark. "Modeling Progressive Settlement of a Railway Bridge Transition." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5715.

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This paper illustrates the impact of progressive settlement on a railway bridge transition using a three-dimensional dynamic numerical model that includes the train truck, rails, ties, ballast, subgrade, and bridge abutment and structure. A settlement law that relates tie load to ballast settlement is presented and demonstrated using an iterative fashion to evaluate bridge transition response to 28 MGT. The results illustrate: (1) development of the commonly observed dip about 2.5 to 3.7 m (8 to 12 feet) from the entrance bridge abutment, (2) tie-ballast gaps progressively increase in height and expand to ties outwards from the bridge abutment, (3) a redistribution of load to ties outwards from the bridge abutment as tie-ballast gaps develop and increase, and (4) a ballast surface profile that attempts to minimize tie loads by evenly distributing the wheel load amongst adjacent ties.
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5

Anderson, Brian. "Computational Continuum and Rarefied Flow Results for Ballute Applications." In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-w.2.

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6

Liu, Shushu, Hai Huang, Tong Qiu, and Yin Gao. "Study on Ballast Particle Movement at Different Locations Beneath Crosstie Using “SmartRock”." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5749.

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Ballast compaction and particle rearrangement cause ballast to rotate and move vertically and horizontally. Ballast movement, including translation and rotation, has a significant effect on track performance. Large movement of ballast particles leads to track geometry roughness, e.g., hanging ties, and thus increases potential of damage and deterioration to rails, ties and fastening components. This study investigated ballast particle movement at different locations beneath a crosstie. In the paper, a wireless device — “SmartRock” was utilized to monitor ballast movement under cyclic loading in laboratory tests. The SmartRock has a shape of a realistic ballast particle. Inside the SmartRock was imbedded a tri-axial accelerometer, tri-axial gyroscope, and tri-axial magnetometer with 9 degrees of freedom so that particle translation, rotation and orientation can be interpreted, relatively. The real-time measurements were recorded by the SmartRock and then sent to a computer via Bluetooth. In the laboratory tests, a ballast box was constructed. In the ballast box, a half section of a typical railroad track was constructed. Five hundred cyclic load repetitions were applied on the top of the rail. Translational and rotational accelerations of the particle were recorded by the “SmartRock”. Three ballast box tests were conducted. Two SmartRocks were placed beneath the middle of tie and the edge of tie, respectively but at different depths during each test — right under the tie, 12 cm beneath the tie and 25 cm beneath the tie. The results indicated that (1) ballast particles had translational as well as rotational modes under cyclic loading; (2) ballast particles had rotation together with horizontal translation; (3) particle rotation were higher beneath the edge of tie than those beneath the middle of tie; (4) Ballast movement were significantly reduced with depth. The paper also further confirmed that the SmartRock was capable of recording real-time translational and rotational accelerations, which would not have altered the motions of surrounding ballast particles due to its realistic shape of a particle, hence, provided a new means to monitor ballast particle movement in railroad engineering.
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Stark, Timothy D., Stephen T. Wilk, Hugh B. Thompson, Theodore R. Sussmann, Mark Baker, and Carlton L. Ho. "Evaluating Fouled Ballast Using Seismic Surface Waves." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5714.

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This paper presents the equipment and Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave (SASW) approach for non-invasively characterizing railroad track ballast and foundation layers. Surface wave testing on a railroad track is more complicated than that on soil sites or pavements because of the presence of ballast, crossties, and rails as well as the complexity of ballast-soil foundation structure in terms of the variation of shear-wave velocity with depth. Using portable SASW equipment, the Young’s Modulus of the ballast was calculated for both clean and fouled ballast in wet and dry conditions. In addition, the local modulus is determined at different locations under the tie, e.g. tie center or edge, to investigate modulus variation and tie support under a single tie. Expansion of the system to measure the modulus under two adjacent ties is also discussed and may be suitable for evaluating ballast performance under §213.103, which requires ballast to perform the following serviceability functions: (1) transmit and distribute the load of the track and railroad rolling equipment to the subgrade; (2) restrain the track laterally, longitudinally, and vertically under dynamic loads imposed by railroad rolling equipment and thermal stresses exerted by the rail; (3) provide adequate drainage for the track; and (4) maintain proper track crosslevel, surface, and alignment”.
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Lei, Wentai, Qiong Liang, and Qianying Tan. "A Railway Ballast Foul Rate Inversion Algorithm Based on GPR 2-Dimensional Subsection Migration." In 2018 International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology (ICMMT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmmt.2018.8563753.

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9

Mishra, Debakanta, Huseyin Boler, Erol Tutumluer, and James P. Hyslip. "Effectiveness of Chemical Grouting and Stone Blowing as Remedial Measures to Mitigate Differential Movement at Railroad Track Transitions." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5805.

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Railway transitions like bridge approaches experience differential movements related to differences in track system stiffness, track damping characteristics, foundation type, ballast settlement from fouling and/or degradation, as well as fill and subgrade settlement. A recent research study at the University of Illinois has used advanced geotechnical instrumentation to identify and quantify different factors contributing to recurrent differential movement problems at three different bridge approaches along Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor (NEC) near Chester, Pennsylvania. Field instrumentation data have indicated excessive ballast movement to be the primary factor contributing to the “bump” development at these bridge approaches. Among the different remedial measures applied to mitigate the recurrent track geometry issues were: (1) Chemical Grouting, (2) Stone Blowing, and (3) Under-Tie Pads. This paper will discuss the implementation methods using track geometry records and instrumentation data, and highlight the effectiveness of chemical grouting and stone blowing to mitigate the differential movement problem at railroad bridge approaches. According to the trends in the transient ballast deformation data collected under train loading, both remedial measures were effective in significantly reducing excessive ballast deformation, which was the primary mechanism behind the bump development at these locations. Ballast degradation and presence of excessive fine particles in the ballast layer adversely affected the ability of the grout to bond with aggregate particles. A “clean” ballast layer, on the other hand, facilitated adequate bonding between the grout and ballast particles leading to significantly improved long-term track performance.
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Dahal, Beema, S. M. Naziur Mahmud, and Debakanta Mishra. "Simulating Ballast Breakage Under Repeated Loading Using the Discrete Element Method." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6117.

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The ballast layer in a railroad track helps distribute loads from the superstructure to the formation; a well-designed ballast layer is also meant to prevent excessive vertical, lateral and longitudinal movement of the track under loading. When subjected to repeated loading, the granular ballast particles often undergo breakage leading to significant changes in the shear strength as well as drainage characteristics of the ballast layer. Excessive ballast degradation leads to increased vertical settlements, and is often associated with speed restrictions and increased passenger discomfort. Several researchers in the past have studied the phenomenon of ballast breakage in a laboratory setting. However, due to complexities associated with these large-scale laboratory tests, detailed parametric studies are often not feasible. In such cases, numerical modeling tools such as the Discrete Element Method (DEM) become particularly useful. This paper presents findings from an ongoing research effort at Boise State University aimed at studying the phenomenon of ballast breakage under repeated loading using a commercially available Discrete Element Package (PFC3D®). Ballast particles were simulated as clusters of balls bonded together, and were allowed to undergo breakage when either the maximum tensile stress or the maximum shear stress exceeded the corresponding bond strength value. Different factors studied during the parametric analysis were: (1) load amplitude; (2) loading frequency; (3) number of cycles of loading; (4) bond strength; and (5) particle size distribution. The objective was to identify the relative importance of different factors that govern the permanent deformation behavior of railroad tracks under loading.
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Reports on the topic "Ballade No,2"

1

Edward C. Kern. Ballast-mounted PV arrays: Phase 2 final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/764761.

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