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Journal articles on the topic 'Ballade No,2'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Andruhin, Maxim S. "Conceptual unity of Vl. Khodasevich’s book «Heavy lyre»." Semiotic studies 1, no. 2 (September 13, 2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2782-2966-2021-1-2-38-46.

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The article is devoted to the consistent patterns of the book Heavy Lyre by Vl. Khodasevich. The main issue of the article refers to the structural subsequence of the arranged poems in the book Heavy Lyre and the factors that may have influenced such structural subsequence. The author aims to compare the first and the last poems of the book so as to identify and compare their main themes and the change of the lyrical subject. In order to archive this goal the author carries out an immanent analysis of the poem Music. As a result, there has been proved the insufficiency of existing interpretations. Finally the author analyzes the poem Ballade in accordance with the other research studies, and there has been provided a comparative table of the two texts. The author concludes that there exist four main themes that unite both texts, and he provides the development of their change..
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2

Suvorova, Tetiana. "The Discursive Metonymy in the Imagery of American Folklore Ballads." PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 27, no. 2 (April 12, 2020): 229–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2020-27-2-229-251.

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Introduction. The article presents the effort to describe the semantics of American folklore ballads with account of the links between the images involved in the text creation. The discursive metonymy is considered to be the connecting cognitive mechanism of the ballad concepts that are objectified by the verbal images in the texts. Via the cognitive mechanism of the discursive metonymy the creative activity delivers understanding each text of the ballads as the unity of images presenting the definite creative idea. Materials and Methods. American Folklore ballads serve to be the material of the scientific analysis, as the texts represent the collective typical and recursive artistic categorizing and conceptualizing of the reality. Thus, the phenomenon of the discursive metonymy can be proved to be a typical means of the textual images organization. The theory of the conceptual metaphor and the conceptual tropes facilitate the analysis of the semantics of the ballad texts. The theory of basic concepts in general and the integrated model of the networks between the concepts lie in distinguishing the dominant models of the discursive metonymy. Results. The typical linguistic means are involved in the ballad texts to enable the correlation of the ballad images within the model of the discursive metonymy. These are the repetitions in all the levels: phonological, lexical, syntactical resulting in the formation of the concept networks via the discursive metonymy in the textual level. The anaphora and cataphora, the ellipsis, and the conjunctions of different types are progressed in the development of the textual unity via the mechanism of the discursive metonymy. Conclusions. The discursive metonymy plays the structuring and generalizing role in the system of the images in the ballad texts.
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3

Karnachuk, Natalia V. "“Strange and rare news”: information about foreign events in the English broadside literature of 1540–1570." Historia provinciae – the journal of regional history 5, no. 2 (2021): 336–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2021-5-2-1.

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The article provides a brief analysis of English broadside ballads of 1540–70, which to a certain extent covered foreign events. The purpose of the analysis is to retrace the emergence and initial steps in the development of interest in foreign events in the broadside literature and to identify the genre features which influenced this process. The author notes the importance of the broadside ballad as a means of disseminating information in the middle and lower strata of English cities and countryside. The article raises the question about the influence of the royal power, private interests of the ballads’ authors, and the demand of the audience on the formation of the texts devoted to foreign events. The author of the article concludes that all of the abovementioned influences did take place, but none of them was dominant. It is noted that the events of 1569–70 associated with the Northern Rebellion played a special role in the formation of the sub-genre of ballads about foreign events. It is shown how under the influence of these events, the political and ideological message of ballads about foreign events was formed, which, in turn, contributed to the formation of mass ideas about the place of England in European politics. The data on the quantitative growth of ballads about foreign news are also presented.
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Beutler, Gisela, Samuel G. Armistead, Joseph H. Silverman, and Israel J. Katz. "Judeo-Spanish Ballads from Oral Tradition. 2. Carolingian Ballads (1): Roncesvalles." Jahrbuch für Volksliedforschung 40 (1995): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/847978.

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5

Dyachenko, Tatyana A. "The development of the oriental plot in the ballad by Lokhvitskaya “Enis-el-Jellis”." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 2 (March 2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.2-21.064.

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The article discusses the development of the oriental plot in the ballad by Lokhvitskaya “Enis-el-Jellis”. The ballad is a poetic version of the literary novel of Lokhvitskaya and Balmont. The depiction of elements of traditional architecture, the realities of life, the description of the appearance of the lyrical heroine in the spirit of sophisticated oriental lyrics, the use of the motif of bliss make it possible to put the sensual world of the poetess’s experiences in a space of oriental exoticism. According to many biographers, the central image of the work — the slave Enis el-Jellis — this is Lokhvitskaya “dressed up” in the eastern beauty. Playing this role the poetess openly expresses her romantic feelings. Much attention is given to the color system of the ballad. The following colors belong to the image of the slave: scarlet, gold, blue / gray, which create positive connotations and consolidate the link “Enis el Jellis — colorfulness — life”. With the lover of the lyrical heroine — the knight — only two colors are associated: the black color of the night and the white color of his horse, which makes a double impression. In addition, the work notes the static and dynamic discription of the main images of the ballad.
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Shelemay, Kay Kaufman, Samuel G. Armistead, Joseph H. Silverman, and Israel J. Katz. "Folk Literature of the Sephardic Jews. Vol. 2: Judeo-Spanish Ballads from Oral Tradition. 1: Epic Ballads." Ethnomusicology 31, no. 2 (1987): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/851902.

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7

Karbashevska, Oksana. "English Folk Ballads Collected By Cecil James Sharp in The Southern Appalachians: Genesis, Transformation and Ukrainian Parallels." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 1, no. 2-3 (December 22, 2014): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.1.2-3.79-85.

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The purpose of this research, presented at the Conference sectional meeting, is to tracepeculiarities of transformation of British folk medieval ballads, which were brought to theSouthern Appalachians in the east of the USA by British immigrants at the end of the XVIIIth –beginning of the XIXth century and retained by their descendants, through analyzing certain textson the levels of motifs, dramatis personae, composition, style and artistic means, as well as tooutline relevant Ukrainian parallels. The analysis of such ballads, plot types and epic songs wascarried out: 1) British № 10: “The Twa Sisters” (21 variants); American “The Two Sisters”(5variants) and Ukrainian plot type I – C-5: “the elder sister drowns the younger one because of envyand jealousy” (8 variants); 2) British № 26: The Three Ravens” (2), “The Twa Corbies” (2);American “The Three Ravens” (1), “The Two Crows”(1) and Ukrainian epic songs with the motif oflonely death of a Cossack warrior on the steppe (4). In our study British traditional ballads areclassified according to the grouping worked out by the American scholar Francis Child(305 numbers), Ukrainian folk ballads – the plot-thematic catalogue developed by the Ukrainianfolklorist Оleksiy Dey (here 288 plots are divided into 3 spheres, cycles and plot types). Theinvestigation and comparison of the above indicated texts witness such main tendencies: 1) theAmerican counterparts, collected in the Appalachian Mountains, preserve the historic-nationalmemory and cultural heritage of the British immigrant bearers on the level of leading motifs,dramatis personae, composition peculiarities, traditional medieval images, epithets, similes,commonplaces; 2) some motifs, characters, images, artistic means, archaic and dialectal English ofthe Child ballads are reduced or substituted in the Appalachian texts; 3) realism of Americanballad transformations, which overshadows fantasy and aristocracy of their British prototypes, issimilar to the manner of poetic presentation of the typologically-arisen and described events by theUkrainian folk ballads and dumas .
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8

Huang, Hong, Hua Feng Yu, and Guang Ming Liu. "Ballast Waters Treatment Using UV/(H2O2+O3) Advanced Oxidation Process with Heterosigma akashiwo, Pyramimimonas sp., and Escherichia coli as Indicator Microorganism." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 946–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.946.

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Introducing invasive species through ballast water is a specific pollution problem and has recently identified as one of the main concerns of Maritime Organizations. UV/(H2O2/O3) advanced oxidation process is a technological alternative to prevent this maritime pollution. In this present study, inactivation efficiency of the UV/(H2O2/O3) processes for ballast water treatment using Heterosigma akashiwo, Pyramimimonas sp. and Escherichia coli as indicator microorganisms was investigated. Compared with individual or combined two units processes using UV, H2O2 and O3, the UV/(H2O2+O3) process yield the highest levels of inactivation due to synergistic effects. In order to study the dynamic inactivation efficiency of equipment for stimulated ballast water treatment, the effects tests of the hydraulic residence time were conducted. The results indicated that the shorter hydraulic residence time had better inactivation efficiency. These findings have implications for the ballast water treatment.
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9

Williams, Karl, and Robert Perske. "The Ballad of David Wayne Lee." Mental Retardation 38, no. 5 (October 2000): 462–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/0047-6765(2000)038<0462:tbodwl>2.0.co;2.

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10

BAĞCI, HATİCE. "MUĞLA BÖLGESİNDE ÜRETİLEN BALLARDA ANTİBİYOTİK KALINTILARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI." UNIKA Journal of Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47327/unikasaglik.2.

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11

BAĞCI, HATİCE. "MUĞLA BÖLGESİNDE ÜRETİLEN BALLARDA ANTİBİYOTİK KALINTILARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI." UNIKA Journal of Health Sciences 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47327/unikasaglik.2.

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12

Setiawan, Dian M. "Utilization of 60/70 penetration grade asphalt on ballast structures with the variation of percentage and the number of pouring layers." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 28, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2019-0013.

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AbstractRailroad ballast structure layer may experience a decline in mechanical and geometrical performance due to heavy train and environmental loads. In order to improve the quality of ballast structure, the addition of asphalt to ballast layer can be considered as a solution. Therefore, this research utilizes 60/70 penetration grade asphalt for ballast layer binding and stabilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate and analyze the mechanical behavior of clean-ballast and fouled-ballast layers with 2% and 4% penetration grade 60/70 asphalt poured in one (ballast surface layer) and three ballast surface layers. Compressive strength test was performed to analyze the weight of specimen, vertical deformation, and ballast material abrasion. The most prominent finding to emerge from this research was that the use of 60/70 penetration grade asphalt on ballast surface layer is crucial in retaining the load applied by UTM, in order to produce preferable load distribution to the entire ballast structure. It is found that, the higher the 60/70 penetration grade asphalt proportion and the more layers poured with asphalt, the stronger asphalt in reducing ballast abrasion percentage.
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13

Zeng, Zhiping, Shanyi Song, Weidong Wang, Haijian Yan, Guoshu Wang, and Bin Xiao. "Ballast bed resistance characteristics based on discrete-element modeling." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 6 (June 2018): 168781401878146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018781461.

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In this study, in situ experiments were conducted to study the changing characteristics of the lateral and longitudinal resistance of a ballast bed, and a three-dimensional model for the ballast bed and sleeper was constructed based on the discrete-element method. The effects of the lateral and longitudinal resistance of the ballast bed, such as gravel ballast grading, sleeper depth, the angle of the shoulder slope, and ballast bed shoulder width, among others, were studied. The results suggest that (1) the lateral and longitudinal resistance of the ballast bed increases with the widening of ballast grading, and within the size distribution limits, the resistance of the ballast bed satisfies the specification; (2) the lateral and longitudinal resistance of ballast bed increases with an increase in the sleeper depth and the resistance of ballast bed satisfies the specifications for sleeper depth greater than 150 mm; (3) the lateral resistance of the ballast bed increases with a decrease in the angle of the shoulder slope, whereas the longitudinal resistance remains unchanged and the resistance of the ballast bed satisfies the specifications for slope gradient of 1:1.75 or less; and finally, (4) the lateral resistance of the ballast bed increases with the widening of the ballast bed shoulder, whereas the longitudinal resistance remains unchanged, and the resistance of ballast bed satisfies the specifications when the shoulder width is greater than 400 mm.
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14

Wada, Hiroshi, Junichi Suzuki, and Katsuya Oba. "Leveraging Early Aspects in End-to-End Model Driven Development for Non-Functional Properties in Service Oriented Architecture." Journal of Database Management 22, no. 2 (April 2011): 93–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2011040104.

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In Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), each application is designed with a set of reusable services and a business process. To retain the reusability of services, non-functional properties of applications must be separated from their functional properties. This paper investigates a model-driven development framework that separates non-functional properties from functional properties and manages them. This framework proposes two components: (1) a programming language, called BALLAD, for a new per-process strategy to specify non-functional properties for business processes, and (2) a graphical modeling method, called FM-SNFPs, to define a series of constraints among non-functional properties. BALLAD leverages aspects in aspect oriented programming/modeling. Each aspect is used to specify a set of non-functional properties that crosscut multiple services in a business process. FM-SNFPs leverage the notion of feature modeling to define constraints among non-functional properties like dependency and mutual exclusion constraints. BALLAD and FM-SNFPs free application developers from manually specifying, maintaining and validating non-functional properties and constraints for services one by one, reducing the burdens/costs in development and maintenance of service-oriented applications. This paper describes the design details of BALLAD and FM-SNFPs, and demonstrates how they are used in developing service-oriented applications. BALLAD significantly reduces the costs to implement and maintain non-functional properties in service-oriented applications.
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15

Pereira, Newton Narciso, Hernani Luiz Brinati, and Rodrigo Pereira Antunes. "Onshore Reception Facilities for ballast water." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 10, no. 20 (January 30, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.148.

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This paper completes an exploration analysis of onshore ballast water treatment alternatives at major ports. e authors had presented results for option (1) ballast water treatment onshore installed in two iron ore ports in 2012 applying the discrete events simulation model. Now, two more options are presented: (2) mobile and (3) desalination reception facilities. e previous simulation model developed called TRANSBALLAST, was adapted to consider these two new alternatives. is model was applied to the same ports presented in 2012 and this evaluation also includes one more port with 50 million tons annually (Mta) of iron ore transport capacity. e results uncovered that for (2) there is an increase of 1.90 days on the average waiting time of ships that moored at Port 1. In (3), the average waiting time and berth occupation rates were observed to remain the same presented in (1). One of the major differences between the systems consists in catching sea water to increase the desalination plant operational capacity. Among those three onshore ballast water treatment alternatives, (2) does not impact port terminals infrastructure. Additionally, option (2) could be offered to ports users as a ballast water treatment service and ship-owners might not need any onboard ballast water treatment system. (3) Might be feasible to ports regions without enough water supplies solving two issues: transfer of invasive species from ballast water and water recycling.
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16

Khadynskaya, A. A. "GENRE OF BALLADS IN THE LYRICS OF ARSENIY NESMELOV." Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology, no. 2 (2018): 128–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2018-2-128-138.

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17

Cherkes, T. V. "HERO'S NAME AS A MARKER OF BALLAD EVOLUTION." Philologos 45, no. 3 (2020): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2079-2638-2020-45-2-93-100.

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18

Park, Bongsik, Yeong-Tae Choi, and Hyunmin Kim. "Improvement and In-Situ Application of an Evaluation Method of Ballasted-Track Condition Using Digital 2-D Image Analysis." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 7946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217946.

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The advancement in digital image analysis methods has led to the development of various techniques, i.e., quantification of ballast gravel abrasion. In this study, the recognition rate of gravel aggregates has been significantly increased by improving the image analysis methods. The correlation between the track quality index (TQI), which is the standard deviation of vertical track irregularity and represents the condition of a high-speed railway, and the number of maintenance works was analyzed by performing an image analysis on the samples collected from various locations of a high-speed railway. The results revealed that roundness has the highest correlation with the TQI, whereas sphericity has the highest correlation with the number of maintenance works. The ballast replacement would be performed to improve maintenance efficiency if the abrasion of the ballast aggregates becomes approximately 10%.
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19

Holzapfel, Otto, Svenskt Visarkiv, Bengt R. Jonsson, Margareta Jersild, and Sven-Bertil Jansson. "Sveriges Medeltida Ballader (Schwedens Mittelalterballaden). Bd. 2: Legendvisor (Legendenlieder), Historiska visor (Historische Lieder)." Jahrbuch für Volksliedforschung 32 (1987): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/849470.

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20

Ballard, David. "Interview with David Ballard, M.D., Ph.D." Interventional Cardiology Newsletter 4, no. 5 (September 1996): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1063-4282(96)90019-2.

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21

Polyanichko, Nikita. "Physical and mathematical models of ballast bed tamping via rotary device." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 2 (August 10, 2016): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2016-2-5-16.

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Objective: To develop a mathematical model and program for defining rational technological parameters and operation mode of a rotary device for tamping the ballast bed in the tie space area. Establish the veracity of calculations performed using the mathematical model and program developed via mathematical and physical experiments. Methods: Experimental and theoretical research conducted. Results: Established veracity of the mathematical model and program for calculating the technological parameters and operation mode of the device for tamping the ballastbed in the tie space area. Practical importance: The program developed provides the ability to select rational technological parameters and operation mode for the device. It is recommended that it be used when creating tools for ballast bed solidification in the ballast box area.
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Kajonwattanakul, Sumana, Waranya Numnual, Thanyapas Sirichaiseth, and Tanet Wannarangsri. "Survey of Marine Phytoplankton in Ship’s Ballast Tanks at Laem Chabang International Port, Thailand." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 35, no. 1-2 (July 17, 2020): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.484.

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Marine phytoplankton was investigated in ballast water of ships from 2010 to 2012 with a collection of 30 marine vessels that docked at Laem Chabang International Port in Chonburi Province, Thailand. The results showed that the dominant group of phytoplankton was diatoms. The amount of phytoplankton in the ballast tanks averaged less than 10 cells/ mL, which is less than Regulation D-2 of the Ballast Water Management Convention which requires that marine organisms between the sizes of 10 ? X <50 µm should be less than 10 cells/mL and size ? 50 µm should be less than 10 cell/m3 in ballast water. Alien species of phytoplankton was not recorded in this survey.
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Chung, Suna, and Heebon Park. "Individual Freedom and Social Norms: Lucas Hnath’s Rereading of Ibsen in A Doll’s House, Part 2." British and American Language and Literature Association of Korea, no. 133 (June 30, 2019): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21297/ballak.2019.133.63.

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24

Dachev, Yuriy, Miroslav Tsvetkov, and Valentin Zlatev. "Ship Ballast Water Treatment." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT 17 (February 2, 2021): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232015.2021.17.11.

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Ships use ballast water to ensure their buoyancy and stability. A significant amount of them is transported in various water basins of the World Ocean. Thus, together with ballast water, many microorganisms, phytoplankton and zooplankton are transported. The constant increase in the number of ships in the World Merchant Navy increases the risk of the spread of these invasive species in the local aquatic environment. This led to the decision of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to legalize the control and treatment of ships' ballast water in order to minimize the risks of the spread of these invasive species.. Their transfer through ballast water to a new water environment is estimated as one of the 4 largest treats for the World Ocean. The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ballast Water and Sediments plays an essential role in the control of ballasting and de-ballasting processes. It regulates the D-1 and D-2 standards, as well as various ballast water treatment systems. Improving the possibility of subsequent change in the application of invasive species, the only way to solve this problem, is to fully prepare for ballast water and to develop alternative methods to ensure the buoyancy and resilience of ships.
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Tyurin, A. V., A. V. Burmistrov, A. A. Raykov, and S. I. Salikeev. "Experimental Study of Pumping Condensable Vapors by Oil Free Vacuum Scroll Pumps." Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 2 (731) (February 2021): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-2-34-40.

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When operating a vacuum pump, it is often necessary to pump out liquid vapors or vapor-gas media that can condense in its working cavities. To prevent condensation in displacement pumps including scroll pumps, gas ballast device is used. The maximum tolerable water vapor pressure at the inlet and maximum pump capacity by water vapor are the main parameters of a pump with gas ballast device. The highest water vapor pressure at the inlet and the maximum capacity of the oil-free scroll vacuum pump by water vapor were determined experimentally. For this purpose pumping speed, gas flow through the gas ballast device, and gas temperature at the scroll vacuum pump outlet were measured on a specially designed stand. A method for calculating the partial pressure of water vapor in scroll vacuum pumps using a mathematical model of pumping process is proposed. Experimental and calculated results are in good agreement.
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Asadzadeh, Seyed Mohammad, and Roberto Galeazzi. "The predictive power of track dynamic response for monitoring ballast degradation in turnouts." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 9 (November 4, 2019): 976–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719883547.

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This paper develops a novel method for the prediction of the level of degradation of the ballast layer in railway turnouts by establishing a statistical mapping between the train-induced vertical track acceleration and the vertical track geometry. This is performed by exploiting the full-scale data provided by a loaded geometry car and the track-side sensing system over a two-year period. Irregularities in the vertical track geometry are analyzed and correlated with the level of ballast degradation by means of fractal analysis. Partial least squares regression is then employed to identify the components of the power spectral density of vertical track acceleration, which provided more information about the ballast degradation. The proposed method has a remarkable predictive power of the ballast degradation as evaluated both in terms of accuracy and consistency of the prediction. The reported results, based on the data from four different locations of the turnout before and after a ballast tamping event, show a mean absolute prediction error between 2% and 8% and a minimum correlation greater than 90%. The proposed method enables the continuous monitoring of the track substructure components by exploiting the vertical track acceleration as a supplementary source for the prediction of ballast degradation.
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Doblin, Martina A., Linda C. Popels, Kathryn J. Coyne, David A. Hutchins, S. Craig Cary, and Fred C. Dobbs. "Transport of the Harmful Bloom Alga Aureococcus anophagefferens by Oceangoing Ships and Coastal Boats." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 11 (November 2004): 6495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.11.6495-6500.2004.

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ABSTRACT It is well established that cyst-forming phytoplankton species are transported in ships' ballast tanks. However, there is increasing evidence that other phytoplankton species which do not encyst are also capable of surviving ballast transit. These species have alternative modes of nutrition (hetero- or mixotrophy) and/or are able to survive long-term darkness. In our studies of no-ballast-on-board vessels arriving in the Great Lakes, we tested for the presence of the harmful algal bloom species Aureococcus anophagefferens (brown tide) in residual (i.e., unpumpable) ballast water using methods based on the PCR. During 2001, the brown tide organism was detected in 7 of 18 ballast water tanks in commercial ships following transit from foreign ports. Furthermore, it was detected after 10 days of ballast tank confinement during a vessel transit in the Great Lakes, a significant result given the large disparity between the salinity tolerance for active growth of Aureococcus (>22 ppt) and the low salinity of the residual ballast water (∼2 ppt). We also investigated the potential for smaller, recreational vessels to transport and distribute Aureococcus. During the summer of 2002, 11 trailered boats from the inland bays of Delaware and coastal bays of Maryland were sampled. Brown tide was detected in the bilge water in the bottoms of eight boats, as well as in one live-well sample. Commercial ships and small recreational boats are therefore implicated as potential vectors for long-distance transport and local-scale dispersal of Aureococcus.
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Zenkov, I. V., and I. M. Baradulin. "ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ГОРНОТЕХНИЧЕСКОЙ РЕКУЛЬТИВАЦИИ КАРЬЕРОВ ПО ДОБЫЧЕ НЕРУДНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ДЛЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЩЕБНЯ." Ugol', no. 02 (February 8, 2018): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18796/0041-5790-2018-2-96-99.

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Harper, Sally. "An Elizabethan Tune List from Lleweni Hall, North Wales." Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle 38 (2005): 45–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14723808.2005.10541009.

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A little-known list of some 80 Elizabethan tune titles, probably copied during the 1590s at Lleweni Hall, near Denbigh in north Wales, is preserved in the library archive of the University of Wales, Bangor: MS Gwyneddon 4, a composite volume of late medieval Welsh poetry (p. 130 / f. 71v; see Illustration 1 and Figure 1 for parallel transcription). The list has neither heading nor notation, and was apparently written out at speed in random order. It has received little attention to date, although a transcription was published by Ifor Williams in 1937, and John Ward noted concordances with some of the items in the ‘Giles Lodge’ lute book in 1992. The list warrants closer scrutiny for several reasons: the number of ‘lost’ titles unique to this source; the theatrical associations of some of the tunes; reference to named individuals (among them ‘alen’, ‘mistres shandoes’, and the ‘countese of lester‘); and the implications of the unusual Welsh provenance. Taken as a whole, the list not only gives a flavour of the musical repertory associated with one wealthy Elizabethan household at the end of the sixteenth century, but also demonstrates how such a repertory was shaped by family tastes and connections. Part I of this article discusses the various contexts for the list with particular reference to its social and dramatic associations, while Part II comprises a catalogue of the tunes and their main concordances. Some of the most significant information is summarized in tabular form. Table 1 presents an alphabetical index of the tunes; Table 2, tunes known to survive with music and their earliest associated source; Table 3, tunes set as lute or consort items; Table 4, tunes associated with the actor Richard Tarlton (d. 1588); Table 5, Tarlton's ballads and other texts; Table 6, tunes prescribed in the ballad collection A Handefull of Pleasant Delites (1584); Table 7, tunes found in Playford's English Dancing Master; and Table 8, tunes cited in Elizabethan stage works.
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Bel’Kov, V. M. "Modelling of vibration-damping properties of elastic-viscoplastic layers of the roadbed. Problem statement 2." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 76, no. 5 (October 28, 2017): 312–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2017-76-5-312-320.

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The present article is a continuation of the article [1], where was considered a model of the vibration damping properties of the subgrade at the main area of the sole of a ballast prism of normalized thickness, a protective sand cushion and clay soils under conditions of harmonic vibrations on the basis of physical and chemical mechanics. It was noted that the Kelvin-Vogt model, currently used for modeling, is not applicable for layered systems that do not have, in principle, concentrated masses. For the occurrence of oscillations in the clay layer, it is necessary that under it there would be a medium reflecting the vertical longitudinal wave. Otherwise, the reverse half-wave will not form, and the compression wave will go deep into the ground and turn into heat in the end. Such problems can be solved only using the theory of wave processes. On the basis of the harmonic analysis of wave processes in layered systems for the ballast track, it is shown that the displacement amplitude at the sand-loam boundary decreases 26 times in the frequency range 1-250 Hz. Along the sleeper, secondary longitudinal and transverse waves arise due to the “transfer” of the energy of the main longitudinal wave into the transverse along the sleepers. As a result, circulation flows along the length of the sleeper occurred as well as irreversible deformation of the prism and the accumulation of defects in the subgrade, the porosity and the probability of splashes of ballast are increased. The best damping and cost properties have constructions with crushed stone in comparison with a ballastless design. However, the stability of the motion on the ballast prism and its inter-repair period depends on the correct organization of drains, especially in spring and autumn. Developed apparatus for determining the degree of stress damping in the structure of the track subgrade and the superstructure can be used to develop a normative document for selecting the design of the subgrade structure of the track, depending on the geological, climatic conditions and the average annual groundwater level. The use of the apparatus of linear harmonic analysis is explained by the fact that the influence of nonlinear effects of wave propagation in dispersed materials does not have time to appear because of the extremely small thicknesses of materials constituting the subgrade.
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31

Thomson, Douglass H. "Mingled Measures: Gothic Parody in Tales of Wonder and Tales of Terror." Articles, no. 50 (June 5, 2008): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018143ar.

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Abstract Labeled by Louis Peck a “bibliographical hazard,” Tales ofTerror has long suffered from two misrepresentations: 1) it has been frequently attributed to M.G. Lewis, although no external evidence exists to support the claim; and, somewhat paradoxically, 2) it has been dismissed as a mere burlesque of Lewis’s Tales of Wonder, despite the fact that the majority of its poems treat Gothic themes in a serious manner. The parodic spirit pervading Tales of Wonder stems in part from Lewis’s attempt toanticipate and defuse critical alarm about his Gothic works. The writers of Tales of Terrorcarry on this double-edged treatment of the Gothic, especially in the volume’s“Introductory Dialogue” between a defender and opponent of Gothic poetry. Thedestabilizing presence of a satiric voice in ballads specifically selected for their recoveryof a more forceful, authentic, and native idiom of poetry also raises an interestingsecondary question: whether Gothic ballads can be free of the ironic consciousness theywere originally and ostensibly designed to exclude.
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Broadhead, Alex. "Framing dialect in the 1800 Lyrical Ballads: Wordsworth, regionalisms and footnotes." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 19, no. 3 (August 2010): 249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947010370187.

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This article addresses one of the most theoretically and linguistically vexing issues in the history of English poetic language: stylistic variation in Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads. It suggests that two footnotes, added to the 1800 edition, offer a new perspective on a question which has prompted debate since its publication: specifically, what is the relationship between Wordsworth’s use of dialect and the language of ‘low and rustic life’ promised by the 1800 Preface to Lyrical Ballads? In sections 1 and 2 the article expands on the importance of the footnotes in relation to the discussion surrounding Wordsworth’s language. Section 3 examines the departure of Lyrical Ballads from 18th-century conventions regarding the glossing of non-standard language in poetry, while section 4 explores the function of the unfootnoted and unframed regionalisms that can be found throughout the collection. Sections 5 and 6 discuss the content of the two footnotes in relation to Wordsworth’s blurring of the roles of poet and glosser, and suggest that this conflation of roles is connected to Wordsworth’s implicit blurring of Standard English and dialect in his definition of ‘low and rustic life’ (a definition explored in greater detail in section 7). The conclusion suggests that the lack of specificity in Wordsworth’s Preface and his approach to framing dialect were part of a single strategy to integrate Standard English and dialect in a more organic manner than was typical of 18th-century writing.
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Amaya, Kenji, Naoki Yoneya, and Yuki Ohnishi. "OS10-2-4 Efficient Monitoring Method for Coating Condition inside Ballast Tank using Numerical Inverse Analysis." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _OS10–2–4—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._os10-2-4-.

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Thongdam, Somjate, Anthony C. Kuster, Brian J. Huser, and Anootnara T. Kuster. "Low Dose Coagulant and Local Soil Ballast Effectively Remove Cyanobacteria (Microcystis) from Tropical Lake Water without Cell Damage." Water 13, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13020111.

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The combination of a low dose of coagulant with a ballast, also known as “flock and sink,” has been proposed as a lake restoration and cyanobacteria bloom management strategy. The effectiveness of this technique using aluminum sulfate (alum) as a coagulant and a local soil (LS) from Thailand as a ballast in eutrophic water dominated by positively buoyant Microcystis colonies collected from a tropical lake was investigated by measuring changes in chlorophyll-a (chl-a), pH, and zeta potential. Cell integrity was also evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that alum alone could reduce chl-a (up to 60% to 83%) at doses (higher than 3 to 6 mg Al/L) dependent on the initial pH (7.6 to 8.2) and initial chl-a concentration (138 to 615 µg/L) of the lake water but resulted in morphological changes to cellular structure and generally required a dose that reduced pH to <7. LS ballast alone was able to reduce chl-a concentrations (up to 26% at highest dose of 400 mg/L) and caused no significant changes to pH or zeta potential. Combining a low dose of alum (2 mg Al/L) with some amount of LS ballast (50 to 400 mg/L) created an interaction effect that resulted in 81 to 88% reduction in chl-a without changes to zeta potential or morphological changes to cellular structure. Flock and sink may serve a niche role in lake restoration when positively buoyant cyanobacteria are present in the water column during time of treatment. This research showed that an 800% increase in ballast dose resulted in about an 8% reduction in chl-a when combined with 2 mg Al/L of alum. Therefore, it is recommended that ballast dose should be determined by considering its phosphorus sorption capacity and the potentially releasable phosphorus in the lake sediment in order to realize long-term reductions in sediment nutrient release.
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Valderrama-Blavi, Hugo, Antonio Leon-Masich, Carlos Olalla, and Àngel Cid-Pastor. "A Loss-Free Resistor-Based Versatile Ballast for Discharge Lamps." Energies 12, no. 7 (April 11, 2019): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12071403.

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This paper presents a versatile ballast for discharge lamps, whose operation is based on the notion of a loss-free resistor (LFR). The ballast consists of two stages: (1) a boost converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) and exhibiting an LFR behavior imposed by sliding-mode control; and (2) a resonant inverter supplying the discharge lamp at high frequencies. Thanks to this mode of operation, the power transferred to the lamp is regulated by the LFR input resistance, allowing successful ignition, warm-up, nominal, and dimming operation of a range of discharge lamps, with no need for complex regulation schemes based on lamp models. The versatility of the ballast has been experimentally proven for both conventional and electrodeless discharge lamps. Tests include induction electrodeless fluorescent (IEFL), high-pressure sodium (HPS) vapor, and metal-halide lamps.
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Sleeth-Keppler, David, Stephan Lewandowsky, Timothy Ballard, Teresa A. Myers, Connie Roser-Renouf, and Edward Maibach. "Does ‘When’ really feel more certain than ‘If’? Two failures to replicate Ballard and Lewandowsky (2015)." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 7 (July 2019): 180475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180475.

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We report on two independent failures to conceptually replicate findings by Ballard & Lewandowsky (Ballard and Lewandowsky 2015 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 373 , 20140464 (doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0464)), who showed that certainty in, and concern about, projected public health issues (e.g. impacts of climate change) depend on how uncertain information is presented. Specifically, compared to a projected range of outcomes (e.g. a global rise in temperature between 1.6°C and 2.4°C) by a certain point in time (the year 2065), Ballard & Lewandowsky (Ballard and Lewandowsky 2015 Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 373 , 20140464 (doi:10.1098/rsta.2014.0464)) showed that focusing people on a certain outcome (a global rise in temperature of at least 2°C) by an uncertain time-frame (the years 2054–2083) increases certainty in the outcome, and concern about its implications. Based on two new studies that showed a null effect between the two presentation formats, however, we recommend treating the projection statements featured in these studies as equivalent, and we encourage investigators to find alternative ways to improve on existing formats to communicate uncertain information about future events.
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Zhu, Bai Kang. "Synthesis and Properties of a New Bacteriostatic Agent of Ballast Water." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2461.

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The intrusion of pathogens into ballast water, not only destroys marine ecological environment, but also threatens human health. The study synthesized a new cobalt complex with a ligand of 3-pyridine-4-benzoic acid by hydrothermal synthesis method. Its structure was characterized by elemental analyzer and single crystal diffractometer, and its infrared spectroscopy, thermal stability and inhibitory activity were analyzed. The results show that the complex belongs to the monoclinic system and space group C2 / c, with unit cell parameters a = 8.2484 (9) Å, b = 10.3371 (11) Å, c = 12.2031 (14) Å, α = 89.588 (2) °, β = 87.0870 (10) °, cell volume = 982.03 (19) Å3, Z = 2, F (000) = 508, Dcalc = 1.709mg/cm3, R1 = 0.0391 and wR2 = 0.0807. The asymmetric unit of the complex consists of the two Co ions, four ligand molecules and two coordinated water molecules, each center Co ions forms a hexacoordinated distorted octahedral structure. The MIC of complex for Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in ballast water are respectively 78μg/mL, 39μg/mL and 78μg/mL, and its antimicrobial effects is better than ligands, which can be used as a novel bacteriostatic agent of ballast water.
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38

Majdan, Radoslav, Rudolf Abrahám, Katarína Kollárová, Zdenko Tkáč, Eva Matejková, and Ľubomír Kubík. "Alternative Models for Calculation of Static Overturning Angle and Lateral Stability Analysis of Subcompact and Universal Tractors." Agriculture 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2021): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11090861.

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Vehicle lateral stability is evaluated using the static overturning angle. The correct value of this parameter depends on the calculation method. The aim of this study was to compare the latest standard with previously published methodology, to propose two alternative methodologies (Models 1 and 2) and to analyze the influence of various levels of rear wheel ballast weights and overall tire widths on the stability of universal and subcompact tractors. The results showed a significant regression effect of the rear wheel ballast weight on static overturning angle. The influence of the rear wheel ballast weight was higher in the subcompact tractor than in the universal tractor due to a larger distance between the height of the center of gravity and the center of the rear axle. Comparing the latest standard with the previously published methodology, the highest difference values were 13.82% and 7.30%. Both models are based on the previously published methodology and differ from each other in rolling and slope lines. The methodology proposed in Model 2 differed from the standard similarly to the previously published methodology; therefore, it is irrelevant. Model 1 reached differences of only −1.81% and −1.63%, representing a minimal difference from the standard.
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Vidmarović, Natalija Р. "On fate and/or providence in Pushkin’s short story ‘The blizzard’." Slovo.ru: Baltic accent 11, no. 2 (2020): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/10.5922/2225-5346-2020-2-3.

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It has been repeatedly noted that there are similarities between Pushkin’s short story ‘The blizzard’, Zhukovsky's ballad ‘Svetlana’, from which Pushkin borrowed the epigraph, and Burger's ‘Lenora’, which was twice used by Zhukovsky in different contexts. Differences in the functioning of the traditional plot are considered against the background of the interrela­tion and interdependence between fate, chance, and free will. In a Christian reading, the atti­tudes of the main characters of the three works to God's providence explain the motives be­hind their actions, the further course of events, and the endings of the works.
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40

Sipkina, N. Ya. "WAR BALLADS GENRE IN THE POETRY OF R. ROZHDESTVENSKY AND V. VISOTSKY (comparative poetics of the poets’ styles) IN THE CONTEXT OF THE LITERARY PROCESS OF 1970S: BASIC TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, no. 2 (July 8, 2016): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2016-2-210-215.

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The paper considers the poetics of the artistic styles of romantic poets R. Rozhdestvensky and Vladimir Vysotsky in the context of poetic-style trends of the second half of the 20th century, with the example of their ballad works. This aspect of the research is topical in the modern literary criticism. The author concludes that the unity of the poetic trends and feeding their traditions have helped artists to reveal their talents more brightly and make a new word in the evolution of the style of the Russian verse.
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41

Isdiati, Ary Fadjar. "TRANSLATION OF SAPARDI DJOKO DAMONO’S POEM INTO ENGLISH." Dialectical Literature and Educational Journal 5, no. 1 (July 4, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.51714/dlejpancasakti.v5i1.16.pp.1-12.

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This article describes the translation strategy used by John H. McGlynn to translate Sapardi Djoko Damono's poem Sajak Orang Gila into English with the title Ballad of a Crazy Man, and see: Has this translation’s poem equality in word level. If not, what is the cause. The method is descriptive qualitative. Data sources are the poem Sajak Orang Gila and Ballad of a Crazy Man. Words, phrases, and sentences in all the stanzas and lines were analyzed using the poetry translation theory by Andre Lavefere to determine the translation strategies used to translate the poem, and using the theory of the cause of inequality by Mona Baker. The analysis shows that the translation strategy used by John H. McGlynn are literal and interpretation translation strategy. The literal translation strategy is used to translate 11 stanzas, and the interpretation translation strategy is used to translate 2 stanzas. In general, the translation of this poem is good, because the meaning in the source poem is conveyed well in the target poem. However, in the translation of some stanzas found incompatible meanings in words. There are 3 causes of discrepancies found, namely: 1) Differences in physical or interpersonal perspectives; 2) The target language lack a special term (hyponym); and 3) Differences in expressive meaning.
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42

Yali, Cheng, and Chen Kaiju. "Appropriation, Rewriting and Alienation: A Postcolonial Critique of Mulan." International Journal of Social Science Studies 9, no. 3 (April 28, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v9i3.5226.

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Released in September, 2020, Mulan, a live-action film starring Liu Yifei, was adapted by Disney from the Ballad of Mulan[1]. The film was produced from its animated version Mulan (1998) which hit global box office amounting to 304 million with marvelous reputation. However, the live-action movie Mulan did not continue the brilliant results of the previous work. Instead, Mulan (2020) disappointed most Chinese audience[2] because historical facts and cultural values about Mulan were excessively appropriated, rewritten and alienated. Applying theories of Postcolonialism, this essay analyzes the live-action movie Mulan revealing the ethnocentric abuse of the target culture as the “other”: arbitrary appropriation, rewriting and distortion of its historical events and traditional values. Also, theories of popular culture will be used to analyze the cultural industry strategies applied in this unsuccessful film.[1]the Ballad of Mulan (Chinese: 木兰辞; pinyin: Mù lán cí), a famous folk song of the Northern Dynasty in China.[2]The investment in the live-action film Mulan is as high as US$200 million (about 1.4 billion RMB). As a result, the global box office is less than US$70 million. Also, the score in Douban is only 5.0 points. (the full mark is 10.)Sources:https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20201102A0J6EO00,https://movie.douban.com/subject/26357307/
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Ameen, M. S., and J. W. Cosgrove. "An upper strain detachment model for the Ballard Fault: reply." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 102, no. 4 (January 1991): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(08)80092-2.

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Sigal, I. Ya, A. V. Smikhula, O. I. Sigal, O. V. Marasin, and E. S. Kernazhytska. "FEATURES OF THE INFLUENCE OF RECIRCULATION OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS ON THE FORMATION OF NITROGEN OXIDES IN BOILERS DURING BURNING NATURAL GAS." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.4.2018.08.

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During the combustion of natural gas and the supply of exhaust gases recirculation like a ballast was shown. It is necessary to take into account that they contain nitrogen oxides, mainly in the form of NO, which does not decompose in the combustion zone, but is added to nitrogen oxides that has been produced during burning of fuel. The combustion products are affordable, but not ideal ballast. As on the one side, they reduce the maximum temperature in the combustion zone and the concentration of reagents, i.e. reduces the formation of «thermal» NOx, on the other side, they add to the combustion zone an additional amount of nitric oxide, which is summed up with that has been formed during burning in the combustion chamber and also reducing the efficiency of the method. When the maximum temperature in the combustion zone is the highest and the entire volume of fuel and ballast before to the combustion is best mixed during recirculation of exhaust gases, their effect on the formation of nitrogen oxides is the highest. The most effective ballast that reduces the formation of NO during combustion is carbon dioxide, provided it is well pre-molecularly mixed with natural gas before to the combustiontion zone. Bibl. 16, Tab. 4, Fig. 2.
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45

Rowe, Joyce A. "The King's Buttons: The Language of Law in Billy Budd." Prospects 27 (October 2002): 271–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001216.

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Revolution and law are joined in Billy Budd — and were from its inception. According to the Genetic Text editors, Herman Melville's last work began as a headnote to a ballad about a condemned naval mutineer. Gradually, this kernel evolved into a prose narrative set in 1797, the year of seemingly contagious British naval mutinies — notably Spithead and “The Great Mutiny” at the Nore — that threatened the prosecution of England's naval war against the regicidal French revolutionary forces. By the time Melville had fixed upon these emblematic, modern political events for his scene, the mutineer of the ballad, an older and probably guilty man, had become a very different figure (Hayford and Sealts, 2). Billy Budd's extraordinary qualities now speak to the injustice of his capital sentence, whereas Captain Vere's judgment speaks to the imperative of necessity. This conflict is reflected not only in the doubts of the drumhead court that sentences Billy, but in the arguments of generations of critics and the midrash of commentary the novel has engendered.
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Sysyn, Mykola, Michal Przybylowicz, Olga Nabochenko, and Jianxing Liu. "Mechanism of Sleeper–Ballast Dynamic Impact and Residual Settlements Accumulation in Zones with Unsupported Sleepers." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 11, 2021): 7740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147740.

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Unsupported sleepers or void zones in ballasted tracks are one of the most recent and frequent track failures. The void failures have the property of intensive development that, without timely maintenance measures, can cause the appearance of cost-expensive local instabilities such as subgrade damages. The reason for the intensive void development lies in the mechanics of the sleeper and ballast bed interaction. The particularity of the interaction is a dynamic impact that occurs due to void closure. Additionally, void zones cause inhomogeneous ballast pressure distribution between the void zone and fully supported neighbour zones. The present paper is devoted to studying the mechanism of the sleeper–ballast dynamic impact in the void zone. The results of experimental in situ measurements of rail deflections showed the significant impact accelerations in the zone even for lightweight slow vehicles. A simple three-beam numerical model of track and rolling stock interaction has shown dynamic interaction similar to the experimental measurements. Moreover, the model shows that the sleeper accelerations are more than 3 times higher than the corresponding wheel accelerations and the impact point appears before the wheel enters the impact point. The analysis of ballast loadings shows the specific impact behaviour in combination with the quasistatic part that is different for void and neighbour zones, which are characterised by high ballast pre-stressed conditions. The analysis of void size influence demonstrates that the maximal impact loadings and maximal wheel and sleeper accelerations appear at a certain void depth, after which the values decrease. The ballast quasistatic loading analysis indicates an increase of more than 2 times in the ballast loading in neighbour zones for long voids and almost full quasistatic unloading for short-length voids. However, the used imitation model cannot explain the nature of the dynamic impact. The mechanism of the void impact is clearly explained by the analytic solution using a simple clamped beam. A simplified analytical expression of the void impact velocity shows that it is linearly related to the wheel speed and loading. The comparison to the numerically simulated impact velocities shows a good agreement and the existence of the void depth with the maximal impact. An estimation of the long-term influences for the cases of normal sleeper loading, high ballast pre-stress and quasistatic loading in the neighbour zones and high impact inside the void is performed.
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Majdan, Radoslav, Rudolf Abrahám, Zdenko Tkáč, Róbert Drlička, Eva Matejková, Katarína Kollárová, and Jan Mareček. "Static Lateral Stability of Tractor with Rear Wheel Ballast Weights: Comparison of ISO 16231-2 (2015) with Experimental Data Regarding Tyre Deformation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010381.

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The paper presents a static lateral stability of a sub-compact tractor MT8-070 Mini in relation to a safe tractor operation. Axle weight distribution of the tractor was measured to calculate the vertical and longitudinal coordinates of a centre of gravity (COG). Experiments were aimed at the tractor equipped with no and four levels of rear wheel ballast weights (30.5, 61, 91.5 and 122 kg) at standard and extended overall width on tyres. A static overturning angle was calculated and experimentally measured when the tractor with right wheels touching the ground was in a state of unstable equilibrium. Comparing the experimental data with ISO 16231-2 (2015), the differences were 2.57%, 2.80%, 3.04%, 3.42% and 3.88% in the case of the standard overall width on tyres and 2.40%, 2.61%, 3.11%, 3.67% and 3.99% in the case of the extended overall width on tyres at 0, 30.5, 91.5 and 122 kg of the rear wheel ballast weight. Considering the vertical tyre deformation and the lateral shift of the tyre, the differences decreased to 0.95%, 1.11%, 1.29%, 1.85% and 1.42% (standard overall width on tyres) and 0.91%, 1.18%, 1.69%, 2.27% and 2.57% (extended overall width on tyres). The length of a rubber lug of a tyre contact patch did not change when the tractor was inclined at various ballast weights and did not affect the static overturning angle calculation according to ISO 16231-2 (2015). Results showed higher static overturning angle experimentally measured in comparison with calculated according to ISO 16231-2 (2015) due to the tyre deformation. Limiting the tractor operation on the basis of the static overturning angle calculated according to ISO 16231-2 (2015) avoids the tractor usage under dangerous operation conditions.
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48

Baker, C. J. "A review of train aerodynamics Part 2 – Applications." Aeronautical Journal 118, no. 1202 (April 2014): 345–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000009179.

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Abstract This paper is the second part of a two-part paper that presents a wide-ranging review of train aerodynamics. Part 1 presented a detailed description of the flow field around the train and identified a number of flow regions. The effect of cross winds and flow confinement was also discussed. Based on this basic understanding, this paper then addresses a number of issues that are of concern in the design and operation of modern trains. These include aerodynamic resistance and energy consumption, aerodynamic loads on trackside structures, the safety of passengers and trackside workers in train slipstreams, the flight of ballast beneath trains, the overturning of trains in high winds and the issues associated with trains passing through tunnels. Brief conclusions are drawn regarding the need to establish a consistent risk based framework for aerodynamic effects.
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Sasamura, Yoshio. "IMPLEMENTATION OF MARPOL 73/78." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-121.

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ABSTRACT The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973 as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78) is the latest and most comprehensive instrument dealing with all sources of pollution from ships. Annex I of MARPOL 73/78, which deals with pollution by oil and which supersedes the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil, 1954, entered into force on 2 October 1983. The convention sets out criteria for the discharge of oil from ballast water and tank washings of oil tankers, and from machinery room bilges of all ships. It also lays down requirements for the construction and equipment of ships, including oily-water separating and filtering equipment, oil discharge monitoring and control systems, segregated ballast tanks (SBT), dedicated clean ballast tanks (CBT), and crude oil washing systems (COW). The implementation of MARPOL 73/78 has a significant technical and economic impact. Major technical problems in the implementation of Annex I are, firstly, the lack of reception facilities in many ports of the world and, secondly, the non-availability of accurate and reliable oil content meters. The problem of reception facilities is particularly serious in Special Areas, such as the Mediterranean Sea, where the discharge of oily wastes is totally prohibited except for segregated and clean ballast.
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Feng, Bin, Eun Hyun Park, Haohang Huang, Wei Li, Erol Tutumluer, Youssef M. A. Hashash, and Xuecheng Bian. "Discrete Element Modeling of Full-Scale Ballasted Track Dynamic Responses from an Innovative High-Speed Rail Testing Facility." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 9 (May 4, 2019): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119846475.

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To achieve increased rail network safety and reliability, it is important to better understand ballast layer performance under complex and demanding dynamic loading field scenarios, especially for high speed lines on ballasted track. Repeated high-speed loading tests were recently conducted at three train speeds on a full-scale ballasted track-subgrade system, known as the Zhejiang University innovative high-speed rail tester (ZJU-iHSRT). BLOKS3D, a polyhedral discrete element method (DEM) particle simulation code with newly featured parallel computing capability, was used to capture the full-scale ballasted track dynamic responses at those speeds. A proportional–integral–derivative controller was also implemented in the DEM code to ensure identical dynamic loadings were applied in the DEM model as in the physical model. This paper presents the dynamic response findings obtained using the DEM model: 1) Crosstie vibration velocities captured in the DEM model match closely with the measurement obtained from the same crosstie in the physical model; 2) ballast particle vibration velocities recorded in the DEM model provide an overall good match with the data measured from the same location in the physical model; and finally, 3) visualized macroscopic ballast layer dynamic responses reveal the mechanical behavior of the ballast layer under dynamic loading scenarios applied in the ZJU-iHSRT full-scale ballasted track-subgrade system.
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