Academic literature on the topic 'Ballarat (Vic.)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ballarat (Vic.)"
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Gollasch, Stephan, and Matej David. "Sampling Methodologies and Approaches for Ballast Water Management Compliance Monitoring." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 23, no. 5 (January 26, 2012): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v23i5.158.
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The human-mediated transfer of harmful organisms via shipping, especially via ballast water transport, has raised considerable attention especially in the last decade due to the negative associated impacts. Ballast water sampling is important to assess the compliance with ballast water management requirements (i.e. compliance monitoring). The complexity of ballast water sampling is a result of organism diversity and behaviour which may require different sampling strategies, as well as ship design implications including availability of ballast water sampling points. This paper discusses the ballast water sampling methodologies with emphasis on compliance monitoring by the Port State Control officers according to the International Convention on the Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004. KEY WORDS: maritime transport, compliance control, port state control, ballast water sampling, ballast water management
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Chen, Ying, Guanxue Wang, Guohua Xu, Wei Zhang, and Wenjin Wang. "Hovering control of submarine based on L1 adaptive theory via ballast tanks." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 14, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 172988141772419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881417724191.
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This article proposed a novel method for submarine hovering control implement by ballast tanks based on L1 adaptive theory. The ballast tanks are able to provide submerge/emerge force by let in/out ballast tank water, and therefore adjust submarine position and altitude when low-speed maneuver largely limits rudder effect. After formulate and analysis models of ballast tanks as well as submarine dynamic, control scheme is determined as cascaded controller system. L1 adaptive theory is adopted for outer loop control, to deal with the nonlinearity and uncertainties of model, as well as environmental disturbance in hovering condition for the first time. Robustness of control system is tested through simulations based on Simscape. Large impact force is exerted on submarine to simulate missile launching and test restoring ability of ballast tanks control. Simulation results demonstrated that the submarine is able to maneuver and response precisely, despite of sudden impact.
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Gray, Derek K., and Hugh J. MacIsaac. "Diapausing zooplankton eggs remain viable despite exposure to open-ocean ballast water exchange: evidence from in situ exposure experiments." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 67, no. 2 (February 2010): 417–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-192.
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To reduce the transfer of nonindigenous species, regulations require transoceanic ships to exchange ballast with ocean water before discharging into the Great Lakes. Although ballast water exchange (BWE) is effective for live freshwater animals, laboratory experiments provide mixed results with regards to its impact on diapausing zooplankton eggs. We conducted an in situ test of the effectiveness of BWE for treating diapausing eggs in ballast sediments. Incubation chambers containing ballast sediment were placed in ballast tanks of cargo vessels transiting from North America to Europe. Each vessel had paired ballast tanks, one of which remained filled with Great Lakes water (control), while the second was exchanged with mid-ocean water. Laboratory viability tests were then conducted to compare viability of eggs recovered from sediments placed in both treatments, as well as identical sediments that remained at the laboratory in cold storage. No significant differences in egg viability were detected between treatments, but more species hatched from sediment that remained in cold storage. Results indicate that physical conditions in ballast tanks may affect egg viability, but saltwater exposure does not eliminate the risk of species introductions via diapausing eggs. Strategies that minimize sediment accumulation in ballast tanks can reduce the risk of species introductions via diapausing eggs.
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Drake, John M., and David M. Lodge. "Rate of species introductions in the Great Lakes via ships' ballast water and sediments." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 64, no. 3 (March 1, 2007): 530–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f07-029.
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We report results from a study of species in ballast tanks of ships entering the Great Lakes between 2000 and 2002. We collected 1349 individuals from at least 93 unique taxonomic groups, of which approximately half were identified to species. We estimated that the zooplankton assemblage in ballast water destined for the Great Lakes comprised from 200 to 1000 unique taxa consisting of both freshwater and marine species. Between 14 and 39 of these taxa have not yet been recorded from the Great Lakes. Further, 13.9% of individual specimens identified to the species level were from species not previously collected from the Great Lakes. We collected seven nonindigenous freshwater species not currently found in the Great Lakes: Brachionus plicatilis, Cyclocypria kinkaidia, Maraenobiotus insignipes, Microcyclops rubellus, Microcyclops varicans, Neomysis awatchensis, and Paracyclops chiltoni. We found no evidence that ship age, seasonal timing, or age of ballast water affected the abundance of individuals or species in the ballast tanks. To our knowledge, these are the first extrapolations of data from ballast water collections to estimate the rate of species introduction to any ecosystem.
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Chen, Yung-Sheng, Chao-Kai Kang, and Ta-Kang Liu. "Ballast Water Management Strategy to Reduce the Impact of Introductions by Utilizing an Empirical Risk Model." Water 14, no. 6 (March 20, 2022): 981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060981.
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The introduction of non-indigenous aquatic species (NIASs) was identified as one of the major threats to aquatic ecosystems. Shipping is one of the potential invasive pathways for the introduction of marine NIASs, mainly via ballast water, sediments, and ship fouling. In addition, The International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM Convention) aims to mitigate the introduction risk of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens (HAOPs) via ships’ ballast water and sediment. Some of these species can be very harmful and cause loss of biodiversity, adverse environmental consequences, and economic and social impacts. In this study, an empirical model based on the environmental similarity and the vessel characteristics was used to assess the risk associated with the ballast water, for the incoming vessels to the port of Kaohsiung and port of Riga. The priority for port state control (PSC) inspection was established and recommended for better ballast water management.
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Jolkifli, Hjh Zuliza Hj, and Ranimah H. A. Wahab. "Ballast Water Control and Management in Brunei Darussalam." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 35, no. 1-2 (September 15, 2018): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.466.
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The ongoing transfer of non-indigenous organisms through shipping, especially via ballast water transport, is placing marine and coastal resources under increased threat. The transport of Invasive Alien Species (IAS) is a critical issue which may cause irreversible consequences to receiving environments and economies needing particular attention. The main objective of this paper is to highlight the importance for implementation of ballast water management measures in Brunei Darussalam. This paper recognised IAS intrusion via ballast water has high probability to have direct effects on the economic value of fisheries sector, thus the need for an effective ballast water management strategy. Management of ballast water is a complex issue and horizontal policy is the appropriate approach for building this management framework in addition to valid baseline and efficient monitoring. Further studies such as development risk assessment model and assessment of different management measures are critical for an effective prevention, eradication and control strategy.
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Polyanichko, Nikita. "Physical and mathematical models of ballast bed tamping via rotary device." Bulletin of scientific research results, no. 2 (August 10, 2016): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/2223-9987-2016-2-5-16.
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Objective: To develop a mathematical model and program for defining rational technological parameters and operation mode of a rotary device for tamping the ballast bed in the tie space area. Establish the veracity of calculations performed using the mathematical model and program developed via mathematical and physical experiments. Methods: Experimental and theoretical research conducted. Results: Established veracity of the mathematical model and program for calculating the technological parameters and operation mode of the device for tamping the ballastbed in the tie space area. Practical importance: The program developed provides the ability to select rational technological parameters and operation mode for the device. It is recommended that it be used when creating tools for ballast bed solidification in the ballast box area.
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Wonham, Marjorie J., Sarah A. Bailey, Hugh J. MacIsaac, and Mark A. Lewis. "Modelling the invasion risk of diapausing organisms transported in ballast sediments." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 10 (October 1, 2005): 2386–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-146.
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Biological invasions via ship ballast are a major driver of biodiversity change in aquatic systems. In the Laurentian Great Lakes basin, unique shipping operations pose a particular invasion risk. The majority (>90%) of incoming vessels are not fully loaded with ballast water but carry ballast sediments and residual water. Ballast sediments contain viable diapause organisms that could hatch and be released during routine ballast operations. To assess invasion risk and control of this pathway, we constructed and parameterized a dynamic hatching model for three representative groups of freshwater organisms that undergo diapause: rotifers, cladocerans, and copepods. Numerical model simulations show that ballast sediment is a plausible invasion pathway for all three groups. The model also illustrates that postuptake ballast treatment to remove or kill potential invaders should be applied as late as possible prior to deballasting to minimize the number of live organisms released. Simulations show that the ability of taxa to reproduce parthenogenetically inside a ballast tank greatly influences quantitative predictions of both risk and control.
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Jing, Liang, Bing Chen, Baiyu Zhang, and Hongxuan Peng. "A review of ballast water management practices and challenges in harsh and arctic environments." Environmental Reviews 20, no. 2 (June 2012): 83–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a2012-002.
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Ballast water is carried by cruise ships, large tankers, and bulk cargo carriers to acquire the optimum operating depth of the propeller and to maintain maneuverability and stability. Recently, ballast water has been recognized as wastewater that is responsible for ocean pollution due to the worldwide transfer of non-indigenous species, pathogenic bacteria, and other pollutants via ballast water discharge. This poses serious environmental, ecological, and economic threats to both coastal communities and the marine environment. To address these negative impacts and concerns, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has codified and adopted a series of guidelines to minimize pollution and adverse effects caused by ballast water. A number of treatment technologies have been developed and applied in field practices to remove solids, particulates, organic pollutants, and organisms from ballast water, showing certain advantages and limitations. Many other management practices, such as ballast water exchange (BWE), shipping routes optimization, treatment process modeling, and risk assessment are in high demand to aid onboard treatment systems. However, knowledge and technical gaps still exist regarding the implementation of ballast water management practices especially in the context of arctic and harsh environments under changing climatic conditions. Records indicate that most coastal regions in the north have been invaded by unwanted species via ballast water discharge in the past decades. The North Atlantic and the Arctic Oceans have much colder climates and more extreme weather conditions than low latitudes. The discharge of untreated or less treated ballast water could cause much more severe damage to the local environment and hence pose higher risks to ecosystems and even human health, particularly in the context of climate change. Based on a comprehensive literature review, this study proposed a risk-based fuzzy–stochastic–interval programming decision support system to help eliminate environmental, ecological, as well as health threats from the discharge of ballast water, particularly in the north where weather, space, timing, maintenance, and cost are major concerns.
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Do, Jinung. "Frost Heaving and Induced Pressure of Unsaturated Interfacial Zone between Gravel Ballast and Subgrade." Applied Sciences 12, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12062811.
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Most existing railroads are composed of gravel ballast. One of the major issues with gravel ballast is frost damage in cold regions. Gravelly soils are known to be not prone to frost action due to their low water retention capacity and high hydraulic conductivity. However, reports indicated continued frost damages resulting from the mixed zone between gravel ballast and subgrade. This study evaluated the frost heaving and induced pressure of gravel ballast–subgrade soil mixtures via 1D soil column testing in a cold chamber. Gravel ballast and subgrade soil were collected from the railroad in situ. Various mixing ratios and degrees of saturation were used as factors affecting the frost experiments. The mixtures were placed in the cold chamber, and vertical displacements and pressures were measured. Overall evaluations showed that gravelly soils are not a geomaterial prone to frost damage; however, the frost potential of gravel ballast increases as the degree of saturation and the mixing portion of the subgrade soil increase. Therefore, the interfacial zone between gravel ballast and subgrade soil, especially where possible mixing with low drainage exists, needs cautions of potential frost damage.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ballarat (Vic.)"
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Blee, Jillian. "Giving the laity a voice through fiction : Irish Catholic Ballarat in 1875 as portrayed in The liberator's birthday." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2002. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/164944.
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QuiÌlez-Badia, Gemma. "Alien invasions : the introduction of zooplankton via ships' ballast water." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424152.
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Tavares, Joana Flor R. "Assessing the importance of biological uncertainties to the control of species introductions via ballast water /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 90 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654487631&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Angelelli, Francesco. "Discrete elements modelling of test on scaled railway ballast executed via cluster parallel running." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3407/.
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Klincevicius, Mary Gisele Yoshimori. "Estudo de propriedades, de tensões e do comportamento mecânico de lastros ferroviários." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-27032012-121114/.
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A baixa participação do transporte ferroviário e a predominância do modo rodoviário no Brasil decorrem de opções políticas e econômicas adotadas no passado e estão associadas a problemas como a indisponibilidade de rotas, a reduzida flexibilidade das operações e a baixa velocidade. No entanto, ferrovias apresentam vantagens que as tornam adequadas para o transporte de cargas em m país de grandes dimensões territoriais como o menor custo e a menor emissão de gases que contribuem para o efeito estufa. Como o desempenho de uma ferrovia depende tanto das características tecnológicas da via, como dos veículos que nela trafegam, é necessário, para aumentar a participação do modo ferroviário e adequar a matriz de transporte brasileira, que conhecimentos relativos ao planejamento, implantação, manutenção sejam desenvolvidos e aprimorados. É no contexto de contribuir para a compreensão do comportamento mecânico da via e aumento da vida útil da camada de lastro que esse estudo se insere. As propriedades mecânicas do lastro alteram-se ao longo do tempo, com os vazios entre as partículas sendo preenchidos com materiais mais finos. Consequentemente, a permeabilidade do lastro diminui. Por esses motivos, a compreensão do comportamento mecânico do lastro e dos fatores que contribuem para sua degradação é essencial para a redução de operações de manutenção e aumento da vida útil da camada. Experimentalmente, foram comparados materiais de mesma origem mineralógica obtidos por processos de britagem diferentes, com o intuito de determinar se a inserção de um britador terciário na linha de produção pode contribuir para o aumento da vida útil desta camada. Além disso, investigam-se os fatores que influenciam a transmissão de tensões que ocorrem entre os elementos da via permanente, procurando-se determinar quais deles condicionam mais as tensões que atuam na camada de lastro.The origin of low share of rail transport and the predominance of road in Brazil is related to political and economic options adopted in the past and are associated with problems such as unavailability of routes, limited flexibility and low speed operations. However, railways have advantages that make them suitable for freight transportation in countries with large territories, such as lower costs and lower rates of gases emission, that contribute to the greenhouse effect. Since the performance of a railroad depends on both technological characteristics of the road and on vehicles that travel on it, to increase the participation of the rail mode and adjust the Brazilian transport matrix, it is necessary enhance and develop the knowledge concerning planning, implementation and maintenance of railways. It is on this context of contributing to the understanding of the mechanical behavior and increase the life of the ballast layer that this study is located. Ballast mechanical properties change over time because the voids between the particles are filled with finer materials. Consequently, ballast porosity and drainage capacity decreases. For these reasons, understanding the mechanical behavior of ballast and the factors that contribute to its degradation is essential to reduce maintenance and increase this layers working life. Experiments were performed to compare materials with the same mineralogical origin, but obtained by different processes of crushing, in order to determine if the inclusion of a tertiary crusher in production line can contribute to increasing this layers life. In addition, the factors that influence how stresses are transmitted through permanent ways components were investigated to determine which ones affect more the stresses acting on the ballast layer.
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Costa, Robson Correia da. "Proposição de dispositivo de medidas \"in situ\" para avaliação do comportamento mecânico de lastro ferroviário: estudo de caso na Estrada de Ferro Carajás." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-30092016-140923/.
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Esse trabalho tem como principal objetivo propor um dispositivo de medição de deslocamentos (deflexões) verticais para avaliar o comportamento mecânico de lastro ferroviário \"in situ\", tomando-se como estudo de caso a Estrada de Ferro Carajás (EFC). Foram feitas campanhas de medições, contemplando três segmentos com diferentes condições de lastro, a saber: colmatado, novo e desguarnecido. Avaliou-se como cada condição do lastro se comporta em função da carga imposta pelo material rodante e do número de solicitações em milhões de toneladas brutas transportadas (MTBT). Em diversas ferrovias, um parâmetro usado como indicador da resposta elástica e qualidade da via permanente é o módulo de via (u). Nessa pesquisa adotou um modelo analítico para obter tal parâmetro, além de utilizá-lo como indicador de avalição da condição estrutural da via. Além disso, em virtude dos materiais geotécnicos subjacentes ao lastro (sub-lastro e subleito) influenciarem na resposta mecânica da via, a capacidade de suporte dos mesmos também foi determinada \"in situ\" utilizando-se o Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP), bem como foram verificados os deslocamentos verticais através de settlement pegs. Adicionalmente, do material amostrado do sublastro e das diferentes condições de lastro, verificou-se em laboratório que o solo possui elevada resiliência, confirmando a alta resistência verificada em campo através do DCP, enquanto que na caracterização física completa dos lastros, os resultados mostraram que as curvas granulométricas do lastro novo e desguarnecido, estão fora dos limites da faixa adotada na especificação da Vale, e que o lastro colmatado apresentou baixa porcentagem de material passante na peneira de 12,5 mm. Os resultados mostraram deslocamentos calculados através do modelo analítico próximos aos medidos, confirmando que o uso do dispositivo é viável para a obtenção de deslocamentos em campo, sendo estes posteriormente empregados na determinação do módulo de via, permitindo a definição de indicadores da condição de elasticidade ou rigidez da estrutura. Assim, o dispositivo demonstra-se uma ferramenta útil para auxiliar na manutenção ferroviária.This work aims to propose a vertical displacement measuring device (deflections) to evaluate the mechanical behavior of railway ballast \"in situ\", using as a case study Estrada de Ferro Carajás (EFC). \"In situ\" tests were carried out in three sections with different ballast conditions fouled, fresh, recycled. It evaluated how each ballast condition behaves according to the load imposed by the rolling stock and the number of millions gross tons (MGT). In several railways, a parameter used to estimate the elastic response and quality of the permanent way is track modulus (u). In this research an analytical model for calculating this parameter was adopted, as well as using it as an indicator of structural track condition. Furthermore, because of geotechnical underlying ballast material (subballast and subgrade) that influence the mechanical response of the track, the bearing capacity was also determined \"in situ\" using the Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCP), as well as they were checked through vertical displacements through settlement pegs. In addition, of the sampled material in the subballast and different ballast conditions, it was found in the laboratory that the soil has high resilience, confirming the high resistance verified in the field through the DCP, whereas in the full physical characterization of the ballast, the results showed that the granulometric distribution curves of the ballast new and recycled, are outside the limits of the range adopted in the Vale specification, and than the fouled ballast presented low percentage of passing material in the 12.5 mm sieve. The results showed displacements calculated using the analytical model next to the measured, confirming that the use of the device is feasible to obtain displacements in the field, which are subsequently used in the determination of the track modulus, allowing the definition of elasticity or stiffness condition indicators of the structure. Thus, the device is shown to be a useful tool to assist railway maintenance.
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Sheldon, Todd August. "Control Method for Invasive Aquatic Species introduced via Ballast Water: Effects of Carbon Dioxide Supersaturation on Survivorship of Digesia tigrina (Planaria: Maculata) and Lirceus brachyurus (Isopoda: Crustacea) and Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on Freely Suspended and Shellfish Associated T7 Bacteriophage." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41294.
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Control Method for Invasive Aquatic Species introduced via Ballast Water: Effects of Carbon Dioxide Supersaturation on Survivorship of Digesia tigrina (Planaria: Maculata) and Lirceus brachyurus (Isopoda: Crustacea)
Survivorship of an aquatic species of planaria (Digesia tigrina) and isopods (Lirceus barchyurus) to elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) was determined. Both planaria and isopods were exposed to levels of freshwater supersaturated with carbon dioxide, and percent mortality was calculated for various exposure durations, and at various pressure levels. The data collected were graphically analyzed to determine the time necessary to produce mortality in 50% (LT50) of any given sample of specimens tested at a certain pressure level. At 38.6 kPa, 103.4 kPa and 172.4 kPa, the LT50 for planaria was calculated to be 150.3 ± 10.1, 58.6 ± 11.1, and 27.8 ± 6.2 minutes, respectively. At 38.6 kPa, 103.4 kPa and 172.4 kPa , the LT50 for isopods was calculated to be 181.1 ± 52.5, 79.7 ± 21.9, and 40.5 ± 17.0 minutes, respectively. These results suggest that CO2 supersaturation may be an easily applied, efficient method that would end the unwanted introduction of nonnative aquatic species to habitats via ballast water released from shipping vessels.
Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing on Freely Suspended and Shellfish Associated T7 Bacteriophage
The effectiveness of hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) for inactivating viruses has only been evaluated in a limited number of studies and most of the work has been performed with freely suspended viruses. In this work, the inactivation of freely suspended, as well as shellfish associated bacteriophage T7, by HPP was studied. T7 was selected in hopes that it could potentially serve as a model for animal virus behavior. Both clams (Mercenaria mercenaria) and oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were homogeneously blended separately and inoculated with bacteriophage T7. The inoculated shellfish meat, as well as freely suspended virus samples, were subjected to HPP under the following conditions: 2, 4 and 6 min durations; 241.3, 275.8 and 344.7 Megapascals (MPa) pressure levels; and temperature ranges of 29.4 â 35, 37.8 â 43.3 and 46.1 â 51.7Ë C. Plaque forming unit (PFU) reductions of 7.8 log10 (100% inactivation) were achieved for freely suspended T7 at 344.7 MPa, 2 min and 37.8 â 43.3Ë C. At 46.1 â 51.7Ë C, T7 associated with either clams or oysters was inactivated at nearly 100% (> 4 log10) at all pressure levels and durations tested. The results indicated that T7 is readily inactivated by HPP under the proper conditions, may be protected or made more susceptible by shellfish meat, and may serve as a viable model for the response of several animal viruses to HPP.Master of Science
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Gruson, Claire. "Les Cahiers du Sud pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale (septembre 1939 - mai 1945)." Paris 4, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040204.
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La recherche porte sur les Cahiers du Sud - revue marseillaise à dominante littéraire - et sur son maintien dans le contexte difficile des années de la guerre. Les documents utilisés se composent de l'ensemble des numéros parus pendant la période correspondante - numéros courants et spéciaux - ainsi que du dépouillement de l'abondante correspondance du directeur de la revue, Jean Ballard, avec ses collaborateurs réguliers ou plus occasionnels. La question posée est de savoir comment la revue a pu se maintenir pendant la période de la guerre. Il s'agissait plus précisément d'identifier la mission que les différents rédacteurs ont assigne "à l'esprit", mission explicitement définie par les prises de position de Jean Ballard au début de la guerre. Ont été examinées la diversité des centres de recherche, la diversité des positions des rédacteurs. Malgré la présence d'articles dont les thèmes étaient manifestement favorables à la "Révolution nationale", surtout au début de la guerre, les "cahiers" ont su préserver un espace de débat et de réflexion non conformiste qui a permis de surmonter les ambiguïtés nées du choc de la défaite. "Ils" ont su effectuer les tâches qui sont celles d'une revue littéraire ouverte à toutes les disciplines de l'esprit et à toutes les culturesThe research deals with the only literary periodical which was not published in Paris, but even though has a national audience -les Cahiers du Sud - a publication which, unlike many others, such as the NRF, Esprit, etc… could "exist" during the gloomy period 1940-1944. The materials consist of all the review's issues (regular and thematic ones), as well as the rich collection of letters written to the review's director, Jean Ballard, by numerous collaborators and readers and the copy of the answers, they received from him. The main problem deals with the “maintenance” of the publication in this time of great trouble. More accurately, it is to delineate the mission that Jean Ballard wanted his collaborators to perform, ie "la mission de l'esprit". The very different attitudes of the contributors have been even if some contributions were obviously tuned with the themes, the "revolution nationale" has developed, especially between 1940 and 1942, the "Cahiers du sud" have always provided the necessary space for non, conformist considerations and for the very debate that could help to overcome many ambiguous attitudes of the time. The "cahiers" have fulfilled their very function, ie, to be a literary periodical, deeply concerned with the "spiritual situation of the age" and open-minded to the diversity of cultures
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Carroll, Brian Frank. "A riotous black man from way down south: an historical novel, exegesis and response to examiners." Thesis, 2001. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15447/.
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This creative writing thesis is comprised of:
a) a short exegesis describing and reflecting on the research, technical concerns and issues informing the writing of the novel
b) A Riotous Black Man From Way Down South. This is an
historical novel which comprises the first volume of a
projected trilogy. It is a bildungsroman based loosely
upon the life of John Joseph, the first man of thirteen
prisoners tried for High treason following the Eureka
Stockade uprising.
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Moreira, Ana Sofia Couto. "Métodos de dimensionamento de vias-férreas." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/36099.
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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia CivilAo longo dos tempos o transporte ferroviário tem vindo a verificar um grande desenvolvimento, por consequência das necessidades impostas a este meio de comunicação assim como o objetivo de fazer com que este modo de transporte se torne mais competitivo em comparação com os demais. Este desenvolvimento levou ao aparecimento de três tipos possíveis de conceção de vias-férreas; nomeadamente as vias balastradas, vias compostas por carris, fixações, travessas, balastro, sub-balastro, leito da via e fundação; vias não balastrada, em que a camada de balastro é usualmente substituída por uma camada de mistura betuminosa ou uma laje de betão; e vias mistas, em que se introduz diferentes materiais na elaboração da via. De modo a se conseguir um correto dimensionamento de uma via-férrea tem-se de ter em atenção as tensões máximas de flexão no carril e na travessa, tensão vertical máxima sobre o balastro, tensão vertical máxima na plataforma e deformação elástica máxima da via. Para se proceder ao dimensionamento de uma via pode utilizar-se modelos de análise clássicos, estes podem-se dividir em dois grandes grupos: os que admitem que os carris correspondem a uma viga com comprimento infinito, apoiada continuamente num meio elástico, homogéneo e isotrópico e aqueles que assumem que os carris correspondem a uma viga continua com apoios equidistantes e discretos assentes num meio elástico, homogéneo e isotrópico. Dentro destes métodos observam-se: o modelo de Winkler, o modelo de Talbot, os modelos linear-elástico (semi-espaço de Boussinesq, método da espessura equivalente, modelo multi-camadas), método dos elementos infinitos e método do elemento discreto. Esta dissertação faz uma apresentação da constituição das vias férreas, seguindo-se a análise das ações a que estão sujeitas e os diferentes métodos de dimensionamento das vias férreas, principalmente os seus componentes. Esta informação é utilizada para o dimensionamento de uma via balastrada e numa via não balastrada.
Over the years the railways have undertaken a great development due to the needs imposed on this transportation mode, as well as the objective to make this transportation mode more competitive in comparison with the others. This development led to the appearance of three possible types of conception of railways; the ballasted tracks, composed by a rails, fastenings, sleepers, ballast, sub-ballast, the track bed and foundation; tracks without ballast, where the ballast layer is usually replaced by a layer of bituminous mixture or a concrete slab; and mixed tracks which introduces different materials in the preparation of the track. In order to achieve a correct design of a railway track it is necessary to verify the maximum bending stress on the rails and the sleepers, maximum vertical tension on the ballast, maximum vertical tension on the platform and maximum elastic deformation of the railway. Models of classical analysis can be used for the design of a railway. These models can be divided into two large groups: those who admit the rails to correspond to a beam with infinitive length, supported continually in an elastic environment, homogeneous and isotropic and those who admit that the rails correspond to a continuous beam with equidistant and discrete support based in an elastic environment, homogeneous and isotropic. In these methods there are: the Winkler model, the model of Talbot, linear-elastic models (Semi-space of Boussinesq, Method of Equivalent Thickness, Multi-layer model), the Method of Infinite Elements and Method of Discrete Element. This dissertation presents the constitution of the railroads, followed by an analysis of the actions to which they are subject and the different design methods of railways, especially its components. This information is used for the design of a ballasted tracks and a no ballasted tracks.
Books on the topic "Ballarat (Vic.)"
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Mainly about girls: A history of Queen's, Ballarat, 1876-1972. Ashburton, Vic: Ashwood House, 1990.
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Wednesday warriors: Doing it for the jumper, the St Pat's Ballarat tradition. Ballan, Vic: Connor Court Pub., 2010.
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Raffaello! Raffaello!: A biography of Raffaello Carboni. Sydney, NSW: Hale & Iremonger, 1985.
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Stages of the revolution: A biography of Eureka Stockade's Raffaello Carboni. Prahran, Vic: Hardie Grant Books, 2004.
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Wheatley, Nadia. A banner bold: The diary of Rosa Aarons, Ballarat Goldfield, 1854. Lindfield, NSW: Scholastic Press, 2000.
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Raffaello, Carboni. La barricata dell'Eureka: Una sommossa democratica in Australia. Roma: Archivio Guido Izzi, 2000.
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French, Jackie. The night they stormed Eureka. Pymble, N.S.W: HarperCollins Australia, 2009.
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Australia. Dept. of Defence. Army History Unit, ed. To pierce the tyrant's heart: A military history of the battle for the Eureka Stockade : 3 December 1854. Loftus, [N.S.W.]: Australian Military History Publications, 2009.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ballarat (Vic.)"
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Wilson, D. Harlan. "Psychopathologies of Everyday Life." In J. G. Ballard. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041433.003.0005.
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Ballard’s most well-known novels are unpacked in this chapter. It is divided into two sections: the first regarding the experimental, postmodern The Atrocity Exhibition, the second regarding Crash, Concrete Island and High-Rise, which formulate a “cultural disaster trilogy.” Crash has been called the first “pornographic SF novel” and derives from the “condensed novels” that comprise Atrocity. They sparked controversy and have received more critical attention than anything else in his canon, which, for years, was wrongly totalized via their designs and themes. Whereas the books in chapter 3 concern the effects of nature on the psyche, the books discussed here concern the effects of culture on the psyche, exploring how electronic media, consumer-capitalism and urbanity construct and pathologize subjectivity.
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Inniss, Lolita Buckner. "Ships’ Ballast." In International Law's Objects, 431–42. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798200.003.0037.
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This chapter discusses how an ostensibly mundane material item, ships’ ballast, an object or set of objects used to counterweight a ship while it is afloat, was at the foundation of the transatlantic slave trade and the international law norms that first sustained and later dismantled African captive transport. Ships’ ballast took on a particular legal evidentiary use in the context of transatlantic slavery. This was because cargoes of human beings, being mobile and of variable weights and shapes, required countervailing weight in order to keep a ship carrying them righted. Hence, the presence, as well as the amount and type of ballast found on European ships in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, was often a marker of slavery. In numerous legal and historical accounts regarding the interdiction of the slave trade via public international law, the presence and use of ballast is central.
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McQueen, Sean. "Seducing-Machines." In Deleuze and Baudrillard. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474414371.003.0004.
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This chapter turns to the 1973 J.G. Ballard novel Crash as well as its 1996 film adaptation by Cronenberg. It aims to make careful distinctions between Deleuze and Baudrillard and show why they gravitate to Crash. The primary focus in the novel is a cult of bored, middle-class professionals who feel alive only after modifying their bodies via staged car crashes. From here, the chapter reveals that Crash is notably quite flexible and can be subjected to many theoretical approaches, at times producing contradictory readings as a result. While Crash the novel might be a distinctly Baudrillardian creature, for example, Crash the Cronenberg film appears to lean more toward Deleuze.
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"Improvement of train-track interaction in transition zones via reduction of ballast damage." In The Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, 1167–78. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b21185-124.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Ballarat (Vic.)"
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Kruse, Holger, and Karl Popp. "Investigation of the Dynamic Behavior of Railway Ballast Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/vib-21502.
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Abstract The molecular dynamics method (MD method) is a powerful tool for the investigation of granular materials like the railway ballast. The characteristics of this method are explained in detail. In contrast to a continuum description, each single stone of the ballast is taken into account. Since the ballast settlement is strongly influenced by the shape of the stones, in the two-dimensional model polygonal particles are used. These particles are surrounded by fixed boundary walls. At the top of the ballast particle layer, a single sleeper is positioned which is loaded by forces occurring at the real track. The contact forces are calculated from the overlap area of the particle geometries. The paper includes information about the sensitivity of the model behavior on initial conditions and contact law parameters. Furthermore, the contact network, the quasi-static stiffness of the ballast layer and its long-term behavior are addressed. Particular emphasis is put on the description of current difficulties and challenges in applying the MD method.
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Dinesh, Gundavaram, and Syed Khaja Karimullah Hussaini. "Effect of Coal Fouling on Railroad Ballast Under Direct Shear Loading Conditions." In 2020 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2020-8010.
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Abstract Contamination of ballast generally occurs due to particle breakage, infiltration of other undesired materials from the surface or base of the ballast is one of the primary reason for track deterioration. In this context, large scale direct shear tests were conducted to examine the shear behavior of unstabilized and geogrid-stabilized fresh and coal fouled ballast. Fresh granite ballast with an average particle size (D50) of 42 mm and triaxial geogrid having 69 × 69 mm aperture were used in this study. Tests were conducted at different Void Contamination Index (VCI) values ranging from 0 to 60% at a constant shearing rate (Sr) of 3 mm/min and normal stress (σn) of 90 kPa. The test results revealed that the shear strength of ballast is highly influenced by the coal fouling. The friction (φ) and dilation angles (ψ) of unstabilized ballast is found to decrease from 63.06° to 55.55° and 17.7° to 11.22°, respectively as the VCI increases from 0 to 60%. It is further observed that the breakage of ballast (Bg, computed in terms of Marsal’s breakage) decreases from 9.37 to 3.98% with the presence of coal fines. However, the presence of geogrid was found to increase the friction angle and reduce the particle breakage and dilation of fresh and coal fouled ballast. These test results show the effectiveness of triaxial geogrid in stabilizing the fresh and coal fouled ballast.
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Lee, Tien-Shang, and Chun-Lin Lu. "Proposals for dimming ballast control via toggle switches." In 2011 International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cecnet.2011.5768194.
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Gundavaram, Dinesh, and Syed Khaja Karimullah Hussaini. "Stabilization of Railroad Ballast Using Polyurethane Under Various Coal Fouling Conditions." In 2021 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2021-58396.
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Abstract This paper presents a comparative study on the shear behavior of coal fouled polyurethane-stabilized and polyurethane-stabilized coal fouled ballast. Fresh ballast and coal fines of mean particle sizes (D50) of 42 mm and 545 microns, and Elastan polyurethane polymer with a density of 1100 kg/m3 were used in the current study. Tests were conducted at normal stress (σn) varying from 60–120 kPa and at rate of shearing (Sr) 3 mm/min. To mimic the effect of coal fouling, a predetermined amount of coal was added that signifies a fouling level, of 30% void contamination index (VCI), in the present study. Test results highlighted that polyurethane stabilization technique enhanced shear stress of ballast. However, the coal fouling reduced the shear stress of polyurethane-stabilized and unstabilized ballast. The friction (φ) and dilation (ψ) angles of polyurethane-stabilized and unstabilized ballast were found to reduce non-linearly with an increase in σn. Furthermore, the values of φ and ψ of unstabilized ballast reduced from 65° to 60° and 21° to 16°, respectively due to coal fouling. The stabilization efficiency factor (Sef), stated as the ratio of the shear stress of stabilized ballast to the unstabilized ballast, differs from 1.70 to 1.75 for polyurethane-stabilized ballast as σn varies from 60 to 120 kPa. Moreover, it is observed in coal fouling conditions that the coal fouled polyurethane-stabilized ballast (FPSB) shown better performance when compared to polyurethane-stabilized coal fouled ballast (PSFB).
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Liu, Shushu, Hai Huang, Tong Qiu, and Yin Gao. "Study on Ballast Particle Movement at Different Locations Beneath Crosstie Using “SmartRock”." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5749.
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Ballast compaction and particle rearrangement cause ballast to rotate and move vertically and horizontally. Ballast movement, including translation and rotation, has a significant effect on track performance. Large movement of ballast particles leads to track geometry roughness, e.g., hanging ties, and thus increases potential of damage and deterioration to rails, ties and fastening components. This study investigated ballast particle movement at different locations beneath a crosstie. In the paper, a wireless device — “SmartRock” was utilized to monitor ballast movement under cyclic loading in laboratory tests. The SmartRock has a shape of a realistic ballast particle. Inside the SmartRock was imbedded a tri-axial accelerometer, tri-axial gyroscope, and tri-axial magnetometer with 9 degrees of freedom so that particle translation, rotation and orientation can be interpreted, relatively. The real-time measurements were recorded by the SmartRock and then sent to a computer via Bluetooth. In the laboratory tests, a ballast box was constructed. In the ballast box, a half section of a typical railroad track was constructed. Five hundred cyclic load repetitions were applied on the top of the rail. Translational and rotational accelerations of the particle were recorded by the “SmartRock”. Three ballast box tests were conducted. Two SmartRocks were placed beneath the middle of tie and the edge of tie, respectively but at different depths during each test — right under the tie, 12 cm beneath the tie and 25 cm beneath the tie. The results indicated that (1) ballast particles had translational as well as rotational modes under cyclic loading; (2) ballast particles had rotation together with horizontal translation; (3) particle rotation were higher beneath the edge of tie than those beneath the middle of tie; (4) Ballast movement were significantly reduced with depth. The paper also further confirmed that the SmartRock was capable of recording real-time translational and rotational accelerations, which would not have altered the motions of surrounding ballast particles due to its realistic shape of a particle, hence, provided a new means to monitor ballast particle movement in railroad engineering.
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Chang, C., and G. W. Bruning. "Self-oscillating electronic ballast analysis via relay systems approach." In APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999 Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36285). IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec.1999.750453.
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Phadke, Amal C., Shihwei Liao, and Donghui Chen. "Assessment of SYMS Survival Limit for “Peng Bo” FPSO During Installation." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20817.
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The ConocoPhillips “Peng Bo” FPSO in Bohai Bay, China, is one of the largest FPSOs in the world. It was installed in early 2009 and first oil was achieved in May 2009. The FPSO is moored to a jacket platform in about 27m water depth via a Soft Yoke Mooring System (SYMS). The mooring system consists of two yoke arms (port and starboard) connected at the jacket end to a turn-table that sits on a main bearing at the top of the jacket. The other ends of the yoke arms are integrated with two large ballast tanks which are attached to two pendulums supported by a rigid frame mounted on the forward end of the FPSO. The ballast weights give rise to the necessary system surge restoring force while the turntable and bearing allow the FPSO to weathervane. The yoke arms and ballast tanks are pre-installed with empty ballast tanks mounted on two temporary support barges while awaiting the arrival of the FPSO. Upon arrival, the ballast tanks are attached to the pendulums from the FPSO side. The tanks are then filled with solid concrete ballast to achieve the design weight. Before the tanks are completely filled, the SYMS may not have sufficient restoring force in partially filled condition to prevent excessive pitching of the yoke arms and severe bearing load on the jacket beyond the design limit due to large FPSO offset in the event of an unforeseen storm event. An analysis was carried out to estimate the maximum bearing load and yoke arm pitch angle when the ballast tanks were 0%, 25%, 50%, and 75% full for 10-year and 100-year return period events. This paper describes the analysis methodology and results from the analysis. The overall project and installation experience are also discussed.
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French, David, and Andre Mazzoleni. "Trajectory Diversion of an Earth-Threatening Asteroid via Massive Tether-Ballast System." In AIAA SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-6696.
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Sánchez Quesada, Juan Carlos, E. Moliner, A. Romero, P. Galvín, and M. D. Martínez-Rodrigo. "Influence of track modelling in modal parameters of railway bridges composed by single-track adjacent decks." In VI ECCOMAS Young Investigators Conference. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/yic2021.2021.12283.
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A significant number of railway bridges composed by simply-supported (SS) spans are present in existing railway lines. Special attention must be paid to short to medium span length structures, as they are prone to experience high vertical acceleration levels at the deck, due to their low weight and damping, compromising the travelling comfort and the structural integrity. The accurate prediction of the dynamic response of these bridges is a complex issue since it is affected by uncertain factors such as structural damping and complex interaction mechanisms such as vehicle-bridge, soil-structure or track-bridge interaction. Concerning track-bridge interaction, experimental evidences of a dynamic coupling exerted by the ballasted track between subsequent SS spans and also between structurally independent single-track twin adjacent decks have been reported in the literature [1, 2]. Nevertheless, this phenomenon is frequently disregarded due to the computational cost of models including the track and due to the uncertainties in the mechanical parameters that define the track system. The present work contributes to the study of the coupling effect exerted by the ballasted track between independent structures in railway bridges. With this purpose two 3D finite element (FE) track-bridge interaction models are implemented. The former includes a continuous representation of the track components meshing the sleepers, ballast and sub-ballast with solid FE. In the latter, the track is represented as a 2D discrete three-layer model where the mass, stiffness and damping of the components are concentrated at the sleepers locations. The numerical models are updated with experimental measurements performed on an existing railway bridge in a view to evaluate (i) the influence of the track continuity on the bridge modal parameters and on the train-induced vibrations; (ii) the adequacy of the implemented numerical models and (iii) the importance of the track-bridge interaction for an accurate prediction of the vertical acceleration levels under operating conditions.
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French, David, and Andre Mazzoleni. "Trajectory Diversion of an Earth-Threatening Asteroid via Massive, Elastic Tether-Ballast System." In 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference
18th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference
12th. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-2668.