Academic literature on the topic 'Ballarat West'
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Journal articles on the topic "Ballarat West"
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Coleridge, Edward. "How to make an entrance: Piranesi comes to Ballarat." Before/Now: Journal of the collaborative Research Centre in Australian History (CRCAH) 1, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35843/beforenow.173284.
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"The inside front cover of this publication carries an image of CRCAH's front door, the main gateway to the former Ballarat Gaol. It is a magnificent example of nineteenth century masonry work. The massive bluestone blocks were carved and chiselled into a grand classical edifice, making a fitting southern finale in scale and significance to the great range of buildings on either side of Lydiard Street. The remarkable architectural statement of a confident gold rich city runs from the ostentatious neo-classical railway station at the northern end past the Art Gallery, the Mining Exchange, the palatial former Post Office (now housing the studios of the university Arts Academy) and on along the facades of banks, hotels, theatres and churches, in a melody of styles from palladian to gothic (with some 20th century intrusions) down to the suitably 'redbrick' buildings of the Ballarat School of Mines. Here the road swings round to the west so the range of prison buildings bookend the whole composition with a dramatic solemn coda " -From forum article
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Nanos, Emmanouil M., Carlo L. Bottasso, Simone Tamaro, Dimitris I. Manolas, and Vasilis A. Riziotis. "Vertical wake deflection for floating wind turbines by differential ballast control." Wind Energy Science 7, no. 4 (August 4, 2022): 1641–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-7-1641-2022.
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Abstract. This paper presents a feasibility analysis of vertical wake steering for floating turbines by differential ballast control. This new concept is based on the idea of pitching the floater with respect to the water surface, thereby achieving a desired tilt of the turbine rotor disk. The pitch attitude is controlled by moving water ballast among the columns of the floater. This study considers the application of differential ballast control to a conceptual 10 MW wind turbine installed on two platforms, differing in size, weight, and geometry. The analysis considers the following: (a) the aerodynamic effects caused by rotor tilt on the power capture of the wake-steering turbine and at various downstream distances in its wake; (b) the effects of tilting on fatigue and ultimate loads, limitedly to one of the two turbine-platform layouts; and (c) for both configurations, the necessary amount of water movement, the time to achieve a desired attitude, and the associated energy expenditure. Results indicate that – in accordance with previous research – steering the wake towards the sea surface leads to larger power gains than steering it towards the sky. Limitedly to the structural analysis conducted on one of the turbine-platform configurations, it appears that these gains can be obtained with only minor effects on loads, assuming a cautious application of vertical steering only in benign ambient conditions. Additionally, it is found that rotor tilt can be achieved on the order of minutes for the lighter of the two configurations, with reasonable water ballast movements. Although the analysis is preliminary and limited to the specific cases considered here, results seem to suggest that the concept is not unrealistic and should be further investigated as a possible means to achieve variable tilt control for vertical wake steering in floating turbines.
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Tremblin, Clément M., Maria Holzmann, Justin H. Parker, Aleksey Sadekov, and David W. Haig. "Invasive Japanese foraminifera in a south-west Australian estuary." Marine and Freshwater Research 73, no. 3 (November 24, 2021): 328–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf21254.
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An invasive foraminiferan is recorded for the first time in an Australian estuary. Trochammina hadai, originally described as endemic from Japan and subsequently found to be alien in coastal waters of California and Brazil, has been identified in estuarine sediment in the vicinity of Bunbury Port in Western Australia. Species determination is based on morphological, molecular and ecological similarities to the Japanese type. The species has not been recorded in other estuaries in Australia. Bunbury Port is a major exporter of woodchip to Japan and the introduction of T. hadai may have come from ballast water out of shallow-draught woodchip vessels. Small sediment samples of estuarine mud obtained at water depths of ~5 m contain abundant T. hadai (on average ~0.4 mm in adult diameter) that are easily recognised in microscopic view of the sediment surface by their bright reddish-brown colour. The collection of sediment samples from the estuarine floor and ballast water, and the examination of these for foraminifers, may provide a useful indicator in estuaries for the possible presence of other exotic species, particularly in the vicinity of ports.
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DiBacco, Claudio, Donald B. Humphrey, Leslie E. Nasmith, and Colin D. Levings. "Ballast water transport of non-indigenous zooplankton to Canadian ports." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 3 (September 2, 2011): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr133.
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Abstract DiBacco, C., Humphrey, D. B., Nasmith, L. E., and Levings, C. D. 2012. Ballast water transport of non-indigenous zooplankton to Canadian ports. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 483–491. Ballast water is one of the primary transport vectors for the transfer and introduction of non-indigenous zooplankton (NIZ). Regulations require vessels from overseas to conduct mid-ocean exchange before discharging ballast in Canadian ports. Intracoastal vessels from nearby ports may be exempt from exchange, whereas intracoastal vessels from more distant ports are required to exchange. Zooplankton in the ballast water of transoceanic exchanged (TOE), intracoastal exchanged (ICE), and intracoastal unexchanged (ICU) vessels arriving at Canada's west (WC) and east (EC) coasts were examined. NIZ density, propagule pressure, taxon richness, and community composition were compared among the three shipping classes. The WC ports received greater densities of NIZ and had greater NIZ propagule pressure than EC ports. Within WC vessels, NIZ propagule pressure and density were significantly greater in ICU vessels. TOE vessels on the EC had the greatest NIZ propagule pressure and density. ICU vessels entering Vancouver ports represented the greatest invasion risk to Canadian waters. These vessels likely mediate secondary invasions by facilitating the transport of unexchanged ballast directly from ports previously invaded, whereas short ICU voyage duration enhances organism survivorship and vessels transport NIZ over natural dispersal barriers.
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Babu, M. T., K. Sudheesh, P. Vethamony, and S. Anuvindha. "Numerical Modelling of Ballast Water Dispersion in Different Bioregions along the Coast of India." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 35, no. 1-2 (September 15, 2018): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.470.
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Aquatic organisms and pathogens may become major threats to the coastal and marine environment when introduced into a region beyond their natural distributions through ballast water (BW). Coastal currents induced by tides and winds, especially ebb currents, may facilitate the spread of these marine organisms along nearshore and inshore areas. Numerical modelling of hydrodynamics is an effective tool to track the dispersion of these organisms in the receiving water body through BW release. Particle transport models can be used to track the advection and dispersion of these organisms. Alternatively, the difference in salinity of the BW and coastal waters can be used as a tracer to estimate the dispersion pattern. Tides and winds present in the region at the time of BW release are responsible for the dispersal of the particles present in BW discharge. Based on advection and dispersion processes, the transport of the marine organisms present in the BW can be studied using numerical models. Numerical modelling studies were carried out using the 2-D hydrodynamic model MIKE21 HD, to understand the pattern of BW dispersion at select bioregions along the east and west coasts of India. Mangalore Port located along the west coast in Bioregion-I (CIO-I) and Chennai Port on the east coast in Bioregion-II (CIO-II) were selected for the modelling study. Results obtained from ballast water dispersion modelling studies will be useful for developing and assisting port-based ballast water management programmes for CIO-I and CIO-II regions. The currents are predominantly tide driven near the ports situated along the west coast and the circulation exhibited reversals associated with the tidal currents. However, along the east coast of India, the particles largely followed coastal currents - advected either southward or northward under the influence of prevailing coastal currents in the offshore region and tidal reversals showed had less impact. This information proved useful for determining suitable locations for BW discharge and monitoring points for field sampling in connection with BW release.
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Levings, C. D., J. R. Cordell, S. Ong, and G. E. Piercey. "The origin and identity of invertebrate organisms being transported to Canada's Pacific coast by ballast water." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f03-135.
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We assessed the colonization risk of invertebrate nonindigenous species (NIS) in ballast water being brought into Canada's Pacific coast by indirect and direct methods. Initially we mapped the locations in the northern Pacific Ocean where ships coming into Vancouver Harbour had performed mid-ocean exchange (MOE). Exchange transects (the distance between the start and end positions for the onset and end of MOE) were on average about 400 km long. Samples were also taken from ballast tanks after filling at a northwestern Pacific port and then again after MOE in the mid-Pacific. Invertebrate communities were different pre- and post-MOE, but some coastal organisms were still present after flushing. In addition, samples were obtained from ballast tanks aboard ships in Vancouver Harbour. In "low" salinity samples (<25), 13 different taxa were found, and 52 taxa were found in "high" salinity samples (>25). Risks could be reduced if MOE was performed in the southerly subtropical domain, south of the subarctic domain and transition zone in the mid-Pacific, or well offshore for northsouth shipping routes. For voyages on the west coast of North America, colonization risk of invertebrate NIS is likely higher for ballast water from harbours already colonized by NIS.
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Salleh, Nor Aishah, Farah Nadiah Rosli, Muhamad Afiq Akbar, Aqilah Yusof, Fathul Karim Sahrani, Shairah Abdul Razak, Asmat Ahmad, Gires Usup, and Hamidun Bunawan. "Pathogenic hitchhiker diversity on international ships' ballast water at West Malaysia port." Marine Pollution Bulletin 172 (November 2021): 112850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112850.
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Montgomery, Sarah E. "Re-envisioning Social Studies with the Community School Model of Elsie Ripley Clapp." Social Studies Research and Practice 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ssrp-01-2014-b0009.
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Given the current marginalization of social studies education in schools, this paper explores the social studies centered community-school model of Elsie Ripley Clapp, who was a significant educator, scholar, and leader within progressive education. A former graduate assistant of John Dewey, Clapp put progressive pedagogical ideology into practice in the 1920s and 1930s through her curriculum development and administrative leadership in rural schools such as: the Ballard School in Kentucky and the Arthurdale Schools in West Virginia. She developed a social studies focused, experiential curriculum rooted in her vision of schools as democratic spaces. First, biographical information about Clapp’s life, educational experiences, and commitment to social justice is provided. Second, Clapp’s community school model at the Ballard School is explored. The model, which united people across social class and centered on local history, geography, and economics, provides implications for how we might re-envision our current approaches to social studies education.
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., Hartanto, Agust Tjahjono, and Rudy Sugiharto. "The characteristics of current patterns in the waters of port of Tanjung Emas Semarang." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 9, no. 2 (April 18, 2020): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v9i2.30466.
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The Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang is located in the northern of Java which is regarded as a strategic position to support sea transportation connectivity to Kalimantan. Conducted at the Port of Tanjung Emas Semarang, this research applied exploratory descriptive as the research methodology. Measurements of this research were made by using ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current meter Profiler) type of Multi Cell Argounaut-XR. The research was carried out in 3 days (January 16th, 2016 – January 19th, 2016). Current velocity data were taken at ± 7 meters depth in five depth strata. The research was aimed to measure the current pattern and distribution of ballast water discharges from commercial vessels at the port. Based on the research, it was found that the current velocity of all water columns in the port varied ranging from 0.042-0.124 m/s with minimum current velocity of 0.0–0.003 m/s and maximum current velocity of 0.139-0.452 m/s. It was also found that the dominant current direction was north and south. It was predicted that the distribution of the ballast water discharges during falling tide (the tide went from high to low) moved from south to north, heading the port exit. In contrast, during rising tide (the tide went from low to high), the distribution of the ballast water discharges moved from north to south, heading the estuary of Baru river.
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McGann, Mary, Gregory M. Ruiz, Anson H. Hines, and George Smith. "A Ship's Ballasting History As an Indicator of Foraminiferal Invasion Potential – an Example from Prince William Sound, Alaska, Usa." Journal of Foraminiferal Research 49, no. 4 (October 23, 2019): 434–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsjfr.49.4.434.
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Abstract We investigated the potential role of ballast sediment from coastal and transoceanic oil tankers arriving and de-ballasting in Port Valdez as a vector for the introduction of invasive benthic foraminifera in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Forty-one ballast sediment samples were obtained during 1998–1999 from 11 oil tankers that routinely discharged their ballast in Prince William Sound after sailing from other West Coast (Los Angeles/Long Beach Harbor, San Francisco Bay, and Puget Sound) or foreign ports (Japan, Korea, and China) where they originally ballasted. Forty of these samples contained benthic foraminifera, including 27 (66%) with the introduced species Trochammina hadai Uchio from nine (81%) of the ships. In all, 59 species were recovered and foraminiferal abundance peaked at 27,000 specimens per gram dry sediment. Of the 41 samples, three were stained and living benthic foraminifera were recovered in all three of them. The entrained foraminifera reflected the number of times ballasting occurred (single or multiple sources), the location of ballasting (estuarine or offshore), and post-acquisition alteration of the sediment (i.e., growth of gypsum crystals at the possible expense of calcareous tests). In temperate regions, sediment samples resulting from single-source ballasting in estuaries (SSBE), multiple-source ballasting in estuaries (MSBE), single-source ballasting offshore (SSBO), and a combination of SSBO and SSBE or MSBE, typically contained increasingly higher species richness, respectively. The potential for foreign species invasion is dependent on the presence of viable candidates and their survivability, their abundance in the ballasting location, and the number of times ballasting occurs, most of which are evident from the ship's ballasting history. We estimate that 442.1 billion to 8.84 trillion living foraminifera were introduced into Port Valdez in a single year, suggesting it is quite likely that an invasive species could be successfully established there. Trochammina hadai is a good example of a successful invasive in Prince William Sound for the following reasons: 1) the species is abundant enough in U.S. West Coast and foreign ports where ballasting occurs that sufficient individuals needed for reproduction may be transported to the receiving waters; 2) Port Valdez, in particular, receives repeated and frequent inoculations from the same source ports where T. hadai is present; 3) large quantities of sediment are taken up by commercial vessels during ballasting and benthic foraminifera occur in abundance in ballast sediment; 4) ballast sediment provides a suitable environment in which benthic foraminifera can survive for extended periods of time during transport; 5) T. hadai flourishes in a wide range of temperatures and environmental conditions that characterize both the ports where ballasting takes place as well as in Port Valdez where de-ballasting occurs; and 6) the species is capable of asexual reproduction and possibly the ability to form a dormant resting stage, both of which have the potential to lower the threshold for colonization. Clearly, ballast sediment is a viable vector for the introduction of T. hadai and other invasives into Alaskan ports and elsewhere worldwide.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ballarat West"
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Cartledge, Graeme. "From gold field to municipality : The establishment of Ballarat West 1855-1857." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2018. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/169301.
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This thesis examines the establishment of the Ballarat West Municipality in the years of 1855 – 1857 and the factors that contributed to the introduction of local self-government in the immediate aftermath of the Eureka Stockade. Underlying the study is the changing administrative requirements necessitated by the transition from a temporary gold field to a permanent city. A central theme explored in relation to this development is that it was a consequence of the emerging culture of modernity of that era precipitating radical political changes in local government that began with the 1835 British Municipal Corporations Act. This theme is expanded to highlight the reform of local government in the Victorian era in response to urbanization and the need for modern and rationalised methods of managing the new towns and growing cities. The difficulty in making and sustaining such progressive changes in Britain is contrasted with the eager adoption of the concept of progress and the new Victorian Municipal Corporations Act of 1854 on the Ballarat goldfields. The question as to why the Municipality was established is answered by exploring the connection between the failure of the Goldfields Commission at the end of 1854 and the belief held by many, that taxes should be accompanied with political representation and should be spent where they were collected. This study exposes the remarkable story of how the first elected councillors, starting from scratch, quickly established administrative systems and brought order to a community emerging out of turmoil. The process of how the municipality was established is uncovered by an extensive survey of the council minutes, the media, council correspondence and public records.Masters by Research
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Goff, Rachel. "It takes a village to raise a family : designing desire-based community support with parents receiving a family service in south-west Ballarat." Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2021. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/180628.
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In Victoria, Australia, the family services system is characterised by high referral rates and ongoing challenges to meet the needs of families who are experiencing risks and vulnerabilities. These issues are demonstrating the fact that there is a need to strengthen the level of community support that is being provided to children and their families prior to the escalation of their circumstances. Although the current neoliberal family services system has a key policy priority of reducing and managing family risk and vulnerability, it is neglecting to account for what families no longer want or are yet to experience. This is a shortcoming that the research study that is the subject of this thesis has addressed. In the context of a place-based, government–industry–university collaboration, this research study used a human-centred design methodology to engage with eight parents who were living in the south-west region of Ballarat, Victoria – an area characterised by socio-spatial disadvantage – and receiving a family service. This research study collected data over two phases of investigation. First, it explored the parents’ conceptualisations and experiences of community support in semi-structured interviews. Second, in a design workshop and post-workshop feedback and review interviews, it examined their views, priorities and recommendations for how their self-defined communities might support them in ways that would meet their own and their families’ needs. The research study found that parents conceptualise and experience community support as primarily informal, relational and bound to interpersonal characteristics such as reciprocity, trust, connection and belonging. It also found that their key priorities were supporting their children’s needs, their growing minds and their social skills, as well as bringing people together to promote equality. The parents who participated in this study proposed four recommendations: address the systemic constraints that are impacting on social cohesion; provide more opportunities for parents to support each other; provide non-judgemental and tailored services that can be accessed as a last resort; and enable greater self-determination, equality, trust and safety. These recommendations indicate that parents do not view community support as synonymous with risk and vulnerability; rather, they consider such support enables transformative change to occur in spite of it. Therefore, this research study has provided an understanding of the support that Victorian families want from their communities and has indicated that the paradigms that underpin the family services system are potentially incompatible with parents’ needs and desires.Doctor of Philosophy
Books on the topic "Ballarat West"
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"So I headed West": Ballarat to Broken Hill, to Kanowna, to Kalgoorlie. Kalgoorlie, W.A: W.G. Manners, 1992.
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Messinger, Terence. Comparison of storm response of streams in small, unmined and valley-filled watersheds, 1999-2001, Ballard Fork, West Virginia. Charleston, W. Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.
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Messinger, Terence. Comparison of storm response of streams in small, unmined and valley-filled watersheds, 1999-2001, Ballard Fork, West Virginia. Charleston, W. Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.
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Messinger, Terence. Comparison of storm response of streams in small, unmined and valley-filled watersheds, 1999-2001, Ballard Fork, West Virginia. Charleston, W. Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.
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Messinger, Terence. Relations between precipitation and daily and monthly mean flows in gaged, unmined and valley-filled watersheds, Ballard Fork, West Virginia, 1999-2001. Charleston, W. Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.
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Messinger, Terence. Relations between precipitation and daily and monthly mean flows in gaged, unmined and valley-filled watersheds, Ballard Fork, West Virginia, 1999-2001. Charleston, W. Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2003.
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M, Allen Christina, Cummings Pat, and Cummings Linda C. 1948-, eds. Talking with adventurers: Conversations with Christina M. Allen, Robert Ballard, Michael L. Blakey, Ann Bowles, David Doubilet, Jane Goodall, Dereck & Beverly Joubert, Michael Novacek, Johan Reinhard, Rick C. West and Juris Zarins. Washington, D.C: National Geographic Society, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Ballarat West"
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Miller, Julie. "Go and Get Your Living." In Cry of Murder on Broadway, 43–55. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751486.003.0004.
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The chapter recounts how Amelia Norman became part of a community during the six years that passed between the fall of 1834, when she arrived in New York as a girl of sixteen, and the spring of 1841, when she met Henry Ballard. It describes Leonard Street during the years Amelia lived there, which rose just one block to the east, while the Astor House, where Henry Ballard would live, went up a few blocks south and west. It also covers Amelia's stay with the Meriams for several years, during which, Eliza Meriam testified at her trial that Amelia impressed the family with her good conduct. The chapter discusses Amelia's employment in the household of a Mr. Ealer after she left the Meriams sometime in 1838 or 1839. It refers to William Callender, who would prove to be one of Amelia's most stalwart friends.
Conference papers on the topic "Ballarat West"
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Qamhia, Issam, Maximilian Orihuela, Scott Schmidt, Erol Tutumluer, Maziar Moaveni, Colin Basye, and Dingqing Li. "Railway Ballast Strength and Permeability Affecting Track Performance Under Dry and Wet Conditions." In 2018 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2018-6256.
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Railway ballast is a major structural component of railroad track that also facilitates the drainage of water. Particle breakage and abrasion due to dynamic loading and environmental impacts causes ballast to age and degrade. The finer materials generated from ballast degradation can adversely affect the track stability especially under wet conditions. This paper investigates through laboratory testing the effect of moisture on the behavior and performance of in-service ballast. The tested ballast samples were initially subjected to an artificial rain system as well as train loadings in the Facility for Accelerated Service Testing (FAST) at the Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI). The rainy test section experiment applied realistic dynamic freight train loads and continuously monitored the test sections to determine the effects of moisture and saturation conditions on the field performance trends of ballasted track. Accordingly, ballast samples at varying levels of degradation were collected from the test locations to investigate ballast gradations as well as strength and permeability characteristics at dry and wet conditions. Shear strength tests were performed using a large-scale triaxial test machine, known as the TX-24, to study ballast degradation effects on the strength of dry ballast. Materials finer than the 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) were then collected and studied for the moisture-density behavior using a modified Proctor type compactive effort. Shear strength samples with the same gradations and degradation levels were prepared and tested at varying moisture contents of the 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) fraction ranging from 3% to 9%, with the latter being the optimum moisture content of these finer materials. The wet ballast triaxial test samples had strength values only in the range of 38% to 65% of the dry strengths. In addition to the strength tests, constant head permeability tests were also conducted on the ballast samples which demonstrated quite low and negligible horizontal flow amounts through ballast under static pressure heads and at various hydraulic gradients.
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Qian, Yu, Debakanta Mishra, Erol Tutumluer, Youssef M. A. Hashash, and Jamshid Ghaboussi. "Moisture Effects on Degraded Ballast Shear Strength Behavior." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5840.
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Ballast consisting of large sized aggregate particles with uniform size distribution is an essential component of the track substructure, to facilitate load distribution and drainage. As freight tonnage accumulates with traffic, ballast will accumulate an increasing percentage of fines due to either aggregate breakdown or outside contamination such as subgrade soil intrusion and coal dust collection. According to the classical text by Selig and Waters [1], ballast degradation from traffic involves up to 76% of all fouling cases; voids will be occupied by fines from the bottom of ballast layer gradually causing ballast clogging and losing its drainage ability. When moisture is trapped within ballast, especially fouled ballast, ballast layer stability is compromised. In the recent studies at the University of Illinois, the focus has been to evaluate behavior of fouled ballast due to aggregate degradation using large scale triaxial testing. To investigate the effects of moisture on degraded ballast, fouled ballast was generated in the laboratory through controlled Los Angeles (LA) abrasion tests intended to mimic aggregate abrasion and breakdown and generate fouled ballast at compositions similar to those observed in the field due to repeated train loadings. Triaxial shear strength tests were performed on the fouled ballast at different moisture contents. Important findings of this preliminary study on characterizing wet fouled ballast are presented in this paper. Moisture was found to have a significant effect on the fouled ballast strength behavior. Adding a small amount of 3% moisture (by weight of particles smaller than 3/8 in. size or smaller than 9.5 mm) caused test specimens to indicate approximately 50% decrease in shear strength of the dry fouled ballast. Wet fouled ballast samples peaked at significantly lower maximum deviator stress values at relatively smaller axial strains and remained at these low levels as the axial strain was increased.
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Velema, Jorick, and Job Bokhorst. "Lift Installation of a Subsea Oil Storage Tank: A 60,000mT Pendulum." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42191.
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In August 2014 Heerema Marine Contractors (HMC) have successfully installed the Solan Subsea Oil Storage Tank (SOST), using its Semi-Submersible Crane Vessel (SSCV) Thialf. The SOST installation is regarded as unique due to its dimensions, complex hydrodynamics and the utilization of nearly the full crane capacity. The Solan SOST is a Subsea Oil Storage Tank with a future storage capacity of 48,000 m3 of oil. The SOST has a dimension of 45m × 45m × 25m, a dry weight of 9,500mT and a total submerged mass of 60,000mT including ballast water. It was installed offshore west of the Shetland Islands at a depth of 135m. Prior to installation the SOST was wet-towed to the field. At location the SOST was installed by a dual crane lift sequence, lowering the SOST from 2m freeboard to the seabed. The lowering sequence is characterized by the usage of a compressible air pocket to reduce hookloads during the most critical stage of the installation, the lowering of the SOST through the splash zone. Prior to the installation ballast and dynamic lift models were generated to understand both the hydrostatics and hydrodynamics of the SOST - SSCV Thialf system throughout the installation. Numerical simulations of the flooding operation were performed to predict all relevant parameters for various scenarios. The lift dynamics were analysed with frequency domain models. Most resonance modes between SSCV Thialf and SOST were found not to be excited due to the differences in natural periods of the hydrodynamic systems and the occurring wave periods. During installation vital parameters such as ballast volume, compartment fill rates, differential pressure and hookloads were continuously monitored with dedicated measurement systems. The values were compared with the results from the engineering models. As some of the parameters were directly related to each other, the values could be back-calculated and cross-checked, thereby increasing the reliability of the measurements. Both the understanding of the principle hydrostatics and hydrodynamics of the system as well as the close monitoring of all vital parameters have resulted in a safe and controlled installation of the Solan SOST by the SSCV Thialf; the installation of a 60,000mT dual crane pendulum. This paper describes the hydromechanic engineering work performed by HMC and the SOST offshore installation.
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Qian, Yu, Erol Tutumluer, Youssef M. A. Hashash, and Jamshid Ghaboussi. "Effects of Ballast Degradation on Permanent Deformation Behavior From Large-Scale Triaxial Tests." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3806.
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Consisting of large sized aggregate particles with uniform size distribution, ballast is an essential component of the track substructure to facilitate load distribution and drainage. As freight tonnage accumulates with traffic, ballast will get fouled increasingly due to either aggregate breakdown and degradation or contamination by other materials such as coal dust and subgrade soil intrusion. Fouling affects shear strength and load carrying ability of ballast layer especially under wet conditions. According to Selig and Waters [1], ballast fouling is often due to aggregate degradation, which covers up to 76% of all the fouling cases. To investigate the effects of ballast aggregate breakdown and degradation on the mechanical behavior of fouled ballast, a series of Los Angeles abrasion tests were performed in this study to generate fouled ballast materials caused by particle breakage and abrasion under a well-controlled laboratory environment. The change of particle shape properties during the Los Angeles abrasion tests was quantified and studied through image analysis technology. Large-scale triaxial tests were performed on specimens of new ballast, degraded ballast coarse particle fraction (without fines), and full gradation of degraded ballast (with fines) under repeated load application using a triaxial test device recently developed at the University of Illinois specifically for ballast size aggregate materials. The large-scale triaxial results indicated that the specimen having those degraded coarse particles yielded higher permanent deformation trends from repeated load triaxial testing when compared to the specimen with the new ballast gradation. As expected, the highest permanent deformation was obtained from the degraded ballast specimen having fine particles and the Fouling Index (FI) value of approximately 40.
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Stark, Timothy D., Stephen T. Wilk, Hugh B. Thompson, Theodore R. Sussmann, Mark Baker, and Carlton L. Ho. "Evaluating Fouled Ballast Using Seismic Surface Waves." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5714.
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This paper presents the equipment and Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave (SASW) approach for non-invasively characterizing railroad track ballast and foundation layers. Surface wave testing on a railroad track is more complicated than that on soil sites or pavements because of the presence of ballast, crossties, and rails as well as the complexity of ballast-soil foundation structure in terms of the variation of shear-wave velocity with depth. Using portable SASW equipment, the Young’s Modulus of the ballast was calculated for both clean and fouled ballast in wet and dry conditions. In addition, the local modulus is determined at different locations under the tie, e.g. tie center or edge, to investigate modulus variation and tie support under a single tie. Expansion of the system to measure the modulus under two adjacent ties is also discussed and may be suitable for evaluating ballast performance under §213.103, which requires ballast to perform the following serviceability functions: (1) transmit and distribute the load of the track and railroad rolling equipment to the subgrade; (2) restrain the track laterally, longitudinally, and vertically under dynamic loads imposed by railroad rolling equipment and thermal stresses exerted by the rail; (3) provide adequate drainage for the track; and (4) maintain proper track crosslevel, surface, and alignment”.
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Mansour, Alaa M., and Dhiraj Kumar. "High Performance Semisubmersible Design for Dry Tree Applications in Harsh Environment." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10922.
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The Free Hanging Solid Ballast Semisubmersible (FHSB) Semi is an innovative high performance submersible design that is suitable for the dry tree application because of its extremely low heave motion response. In this paper, the FHSB Semi has been designed to support dry tree application in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) for similar conditions; payload, environment, water depth and number of risers such as that applied to an existing Spar platform in the GoM. Holstein Spar has been considered for this purpose. Numerical results for the semisubmersible motion response in extreme hurricane and loop current are presented in this paper. The paper also compares the FHSB Semi designs that support certain payload/number of risers in the GoM, in the North West Shelf Australia and in Brazil. Key figures from this comparison are presented in the paper. The paper includes discussions on the proposed project execution plan covering the fabrication, transportation and installation as well as the added risks and risk mitigations associated with the new semisubmersible design and execution.
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Spencer, Paul A., and Alec Bound. "Parametric Trends of Arctic Gravity Based Structures." In SNAME 9th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2010-102.
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Gravity Based Structures (GBS) have been used as hydrocarbon exploration or production structures in arctic regions to a water depth of about 30m and sub-arctic regions up to about 100m. The weight of the construction materials for the GBS and hence its cost depends on a large number of engineering parameters and constraints. For a particular location, the site-specific values would be used in the design. However, guidance can be obtained by performing a parametric analysis of GBS’s over a wide range of engineering requirements that may be required in future structures. We present the results of a parametric investigation into the minimum size of production GBS in ice-covered regions for the 50 to 150m water depth range and 0 to 4 million barrel product storage range. The trends in the size, cost and material construction weight of the GBS are described. In addition, aspects such as the solid ballast requirements and the floating draft of the structures are discussed. The applicability of the various designs is discussed with reference to the Chukchi, Beaufort and West Greenland Seas.
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Louarn, Frederic, and Pandeli Temarel. "An Investigation of the Structural Dynamics of a Racing Yacht." In SNAME 14th Chesapeake Sailing Yacht Symposium. SNAME, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/csys-1999-010.
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The dynamic behaviour of a WOR 60 is investigated using three dimensional hydroelasticity theory. Global structural responses (e.g. stresses) in waves are obtained corresponding to the upright as well as to the more realistic heeled sailing configurations, revealing the connection between the ballast keel and the hull as being a critical area of the structure. For the "dry hull" analysis, a global finite element model has been developed, incorporating the hull and deck shell, the internal structure, the ballast keel and the rig together with rigging loads. The modular nature of the model has been used to assess the relative influence of each of the aforementioned components upon the required characteristic dynamic properties (e.g. natural frequencies and principal mode shapes). Regarding the "wet hull" analysis, a three dimensional Green's function technique, using pulsating sources distributed over the wetted surface, provides a numerical solution to the case of the yacht sailing in regular waves at arbitrary heading. Principal coordinates for the rigid body motions and flexible distortions of interest are evaluated and the latter are used to obtain the dynamic stresses in waves using modal summation. This paper will describe the modelling techniques used and discuss the applicability / limitations of hydroelasticity theory regarding this type of structures in the light of the results obtained for the upright and heeled operational conditions, as well as from the point of view of design aspects such as "L" and "T" keel configurations. The ABS design criteria will provide a practical reference for comparing the results from the dynamic analysis.
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O’Beirne, Colm, Phil Watson, Conleth O’Loughlin, David White, Alexander Hodson, Sze-Yu Ang, Sebastiaan Frankenmolen, Jesper Hoj-Hansen, Matthew Kuo, and Toby Roe. "Pipe Clamping Mattresses to Mitigate Flowline Walking; Physical Modelling Trials on Three Offshore Soils." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31064-ms.
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Abstract Pipe clamping mattresses (PCMs) are a relatively new system for providing anchoring force to pipelines, to mitigate offshore flowline ‘walking’. They represent a cost-effective and highly efficient alternative to anchor piles, rock dump and conventional concrete mattresses. The system comprises a hinged concrete structure that clamps onto a section of laid pipeline, with concrete ballast logs securing the clamping action – with the benefit that 100% of the submerged weight of the PCM contributes to axial friction. PCMs have been applied successfully to one deepwater project, but performance data showing the influence of soil type, and allowing a general design framework to be established, has not yet been available. This paper addresses this gap by investigating the performance of PCMs through three series of centrifuge tests, supported by three Operators. Each series comprises tests on a different reconstituted deepwater soil as follows: (a) West African clay; (b) Gulf of Mexico clay; and (c) carbonate silty sand. In each test, a scaled pipeline is installed in-flight and cycled axially to represent its prior operating life. Scaled PCM models and ballast units are then installed onto the pipe in-flight, mimicking the use of PCMs to mitigate pipeline walking during operation. After installation of the PCMs, further axial cycles are applied, with the system settlement and changes in axial resistance and excess pore pressure measured. The paper shows the performance and applicability of PCMs for a range of soil types, highlighting variations in axial resistance and settlement. The suite of results will help to calibrate design tools for industry, removing unnecessary conservatism and enabling an optimised pipeline anchoring solution to be designed. Key results are equivalent friction factors for the combined pipe-PCM system and PCM settlement, which both show behaviour dependent on soil type. In the clay soils, friction increases significantly over time due to ‘consolidation hardening’. This provides validation of an important effect that has only recently been recognised in pipeline design. In contrast, hardening behavior is not evident in silty sand – although the study suggests there is potential for increasing resistance associated with settlement, which appears to mobilize additional (wedging) stress around the pipeline. Upon PCM installation, the pipelines embed further due to the added weight. Additional settlement occurs during cycling of the system, due to immediate soil deformation and consolidation-related compression. The magnitude of embedment is greater for the clay soils, but in all cases does not cause the clamping action to release. Overall, the efficiency of the PCM system in providing a high level of anchoring force per unit weight placed on the seabed is confirmed. Long term anchoring forces in the range 50-100% of the submerged weight of the PCM are demonstrated. This is several times more efficient than the commonly used alternative of a rock berm.
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Mansour, Alaa M., Ricardo Zuccolo, Cheng Peng, Chunfa Wu, Bill Greiner, Dhiraj Kumar, and Jefferson Azevedo. "An Innovative FPSO Design Hosting SCRs in the North Sea Harsh Environment." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-55140.
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Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) floaters have the advantages of providing the required storage in the hull and direct offloading to tankers of opportunity in deep and ultra-deep water in areas lacking infra-structure. Steel Catenary Risers (SCRs) are the preferred solution in wet-tree applications due to their simplicity, robustness and low Capital costs (CAPEX) and Operational costs (OPEX) compared to other riser options. However, due to its relatively high dynamic motions, FPSO is not a feasible host for SCRs in most environments and especially so in the North Sea very harsh environment. Also, for efficient production from rich reservoirs, large diameter and number of risers are typically required. This makes it more challenging to find a robust and commercially attractive riser solution. In this paper a novel design for an FPSO with the ability to host SCRs in the North Sea very harsh environment is presented and evaluated. The novel design, namely, Low Motion FPSO (LM-FPSO), has a hull form with a generally rectangular cross-section. The platform is moored in-place using a conventional mooring system. The LM-FPSO performance is enhanced with the robust low-tech feature, namely, free-hanging solid ballast tank (SBT). The SBT is located certain distance below hull keel and connected to the hull through four groups of short tendons. All tendon components are the same as those used in conventional TLPs. Through the mass and added mass of the SBT, the LM-FPSO provides significantly improved heave, roll and pitch responses. The paper presents detailed description of the novel North Sea LM-FPSO design and its in-service performance. The SCR’s feasibility is discussed. The identified risks and associated mitigations for the new design compared to the conventional FPSO are investigated and reported. The paper concludes with discussions on the project execution plan and cost benefit when developing fields using this novel design.
Reports on the topic "Ballarat West"
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Huntley, D., D. Rotheram-Clarke, R. Cocking, J. Joseph, and P. Bobrowsky. Current research on slow-moving landslides in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (IMOU 5170 annual report). Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331175.
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Interdepartmental Memorandum of Understanding (IMOU) 5170 between Natural Resources Canada (NRCAN), the Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) and Transport Canada Innovation Centre (TC-IC) aims to gain new insight into slow-moving landslides, and the influence of climate change, through testing conventional and emerging monitoring technologies. IMOU 5107 focuses on strategically important sections of the national railway network in the Thompson River valley, British Columbia (BC), and the Assiniboine River valley along the borders of Manitoba (MN) and Saskatchewan (SK). Results of this research are applicable elsewhere in Canada (e.g., the urban-rural-industrial landscapes of the Okanagan Valley, BC), and around the world where slow-moving landslides and climate change are adversely affecting critical socio-economic infrastructure. Open File 8931 outlines landslide mapping and changedetection monitoring protocols based on the successes of IMOU 5170 and ICL-IPL Project 202 in BC. In this region, ice sheets, glaciers, permafrost, rivers and oceans, high relief, and biogeoclimatic characteristics contribute to produce distinctive rapid and slow-moving landslide assemblages that have the potential to impact railway infrastructure and operations. Bedrock and drift-covered slopes along the transportation corridors are prone to mass wasting when favourable conditions exist. In high-relief mountainous areas, rapidly moving landslides include rock and debris avalanches, rock and debris falls, debris flows and torrents, and lahars. In areas with moderate to low relief, rapid to slow mass movements include rockslides and slumps, debris or earth slides and slumps, and earth flows. Slow-moving landslides include rock glaciers, rock and soil creep, solifluction, and lateral spreads in bedrock and surficial deposits. Research efforts lead to a better understanding of how geological conditions, extreme weather events and climate change influence landslide activity along the national railway corridor. Combining field-based landslide investigation with multi-year geospatial and in-situ time-series monitoring leads to a more resilient railway national transportation network able to meet Canada's future socioeconomic needs, while ensuring protection of the environment and resource-based communities from landslides related to extreme weather events and climate change. InSAR only measures displacement in the east-west orientation, whereas UAV and RTK-GNSS change-detection surveys capture full displacement vectors. RTK-GNSS do not provide spatial coverage, whereas InSAR and UAV surveys do. In addition, InSAR and UAV photogrammetry cannot map underwater, whereas boat-mounted bathymetric surveys reveal information on channel morphology and riverbed composition. Remote sensing datasets, consolidated in a geographic information system, capture the spatial relationships between landslide distribution and specific terrain features, at-risk infrastructure, and the environmental conditions expected to correlate with landslide incidence and magnitude. Reliable real-time monitoring solutions for critical railway infrastructure (e.g., ballast, tracks, retaining walls, tunnels, and bridges) able to withstand the harsh environmental conditions of Canada are highlighted. The provision of fundamental geoscience and baseline geospatial monitoring allows stakeholders to develop robust risk tolerance, remediation, and mitigation strategies to maintain the resilience and accessibility of critical transportation infrastructure, while also protecting the natural environment, community stakeholders, and Canadian economy. We propose a best-practice solution involving three levels of investigation to describe the form and function of the wide range of rapid and slow-moving landslides occurring across Canada that is also applicable elsewhere. Research activities for 2022 to 2025 are presented by way of conclusion.
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Comparison of storm response of streams in small, unmined and valley-filled watersheds, 1999-2001, Ballard fork, West Virginia. US Geological Survey, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri024303.
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Relations between precipitation and daily and monthly mean flows in gaged, unmined and valley-filled watersheds, Ballard Fork, West Virginia, 1999-2001. US Geological Survey, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri034113.
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