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Journal articles on the topic 'Baltic Exchange'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Ginevičius, Romualdas, and Manuela Tvaronavičiene. "STOCK EXCHANGES OF BALTIC COUNTRIES: DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTIVES." Journal of Business Economics and Management 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2003): 130–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2003.9636047.

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The paper deals with Stock Exchanges of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. Authors tackle issues related with differences and peculiarities, activity and prospects of development of the Stock Exchanges. The main emphasis has been put on looking for the best solutions for effective functioning of Lihuanian Stock Exchange. Various variants of privatization have been considered.

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2

KOUTS, TARMO, and ANDERS OMSTEDT. "Deep water exchange in the Baltic Proper." Tellus A 45, no. 4 (August 1993): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0870.1993.t01-1-00006.x.

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3

KóUts, Tarmo, and Anders Omstedt. "Deep water exchange in the Baltic Proper." Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography 45, no. 4 (January 1993): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v45i4.14895.

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4

Korsberg, Hanna. "Theatrical Exchanges across the Baltic Sea in the 1930s." Nordic Theatre Studies 32, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v32i2.124353.

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This article explores theatrical exchanges across the Baltic Sea in the 1930s as part of the cultural diplomacy of recently independent Finland. The Finnish National Theatre visited the Estonia Theatre in Tallinn in 1931 and in 1937, and the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm in 1936. These theatre visits were different in terms of the visiting production. In Stockholm in 1936, and in Tallinn in 1937, the Finnish National Theatre showcased its work, while during the bilateral exchange with the Estonia Theatre in 1931, the main actors of two of the productions visited the other theatre and the audiences saw two hybrid performances of the two productions. Therefore, the visits are discussed in terms of international and transnational exchange.

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5

Adland, Roar, Georg M. S. Aarheim, and Ole M. Holseter. "Baltic Exchange index changes and FFA hedging efficiency." Transportation Research Procedia 48 (2020): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.010.

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6

Burch, Stuart. "An Unfolding Signifier: London's Baltic Exchange in Tallinn." Journal of Baltic Studies 39, no. 4 (December 2008): 451–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01629770802461522.

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7

Lin, Yueh-Ju, and Chi-Chen Wang. "The dynamic analysis of Baltic exchange dry index." International Mathematical Forum 9 (2014): 803–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/imf.2014.4473.

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8

Han, Liyan, Li Wan, and Yang Xu. "Can the Baltic Dry Index predict foreign exchange rates?" Finance Research Letters 32 (January 2020): 101157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2019.04.014.

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9

Jakobsson, Martin, Christian Stranne, Matt O'Regan, Sarah L. Greenwood, Bo Gustafsson, Christoph Humborg, and Elizabeth Weidner. "Bathymetric properties of the Baltic Sea." Ocean Science 15, no. 4 (July 16, 2019): 905–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-15-905-2019.

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Abstract. Baltic Sea bathymetric properties are analysed here using the newly released digital bathymetric model (DBM) by the European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet). The analyses include hypsometry, volume, descriptive depth statistics, and kilometre-scale seafloor ruggedness, i.e. terrain heterogeneity, for the Baltic Sea as a whole as well as for 17 sub-basins defined by the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission (HELCOM). We compare the new EMODnet DBM with IOWTOPO the previously most widely used DBM of the Baltic Se aproduced by the Leibniz-Institut für Ostseeforschung Warnemünde (IOW), which has served as the primary gridded bathymetric resource in physical and environmental studies for nearly two decades. The area of deep water exchange between the Bothnian Sea and the Northern Baltic Proper across the Åland Sea is specifically analysed in terms of depths and locations of critical bathymetric sills. The EMODnet DBM provides a bathymetric sill depth of 88 m at the northern side of the Åland Sea and 60 m at the southern side, differing from previously identified sill depths of 100 and 70 m, respectively. High-resolution multibeam bathymetry acquired from this deep water exchange path, where vigorous bottom currents interacted with the seafloor, allows us to assess what presently available DBMs are missing in terms of physical characterization of the seafloor. Our study highlights the need for continued work towards complete high-resolution mapping of the Baltic Sea seafloor.

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10

Czekaj-Zastawny, Agnieszka, Jacek Kabaciński, and Thomas Terberger. "Long distance exchange in the Central European Neolithic: Hungary to the Baltic." Antiquity 85, no. 327 (February 2011): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00067429.

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As Mesolithic people living on the Baltic coast began to adopt farming in the later fifth millennium BC, imports of a new type and quality started to reach them from the south — highly decorated pots and then copper axes from the Hungary-Serbia area. With new excavations at the site of Dąbki 9 in northern Poland, the authors are able to show how high quality thin-walled shiny black vessels are travelling over 1000km in the early fourth millennium BC, bringing prestige cups and jugs to the Baltic shore.

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11

Podėnas, Vytenis, and Agnė Čivilytė. "BRONZE CASTING AND COMMUNICATION IN THE SOUTHEASTERN BALTIC BRONZE AGE." Lietuvos archeologija Lietuvos archeologija, T. 45 (November 22, 2019): 169–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/25386514-045005.

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The SE Baltic Bronze Age is characterized by a lack of indigenous metalwork traditions as it had been a time when metal finds were predominantly imported or were cast locally, but in foreign styles. This paper analyses the bronze casting remains found in the SE Baltic and discusses the role of these production sites within a wider European network. Through typological identification of the negatives in casting moulds, we assess predominantly Nordic artefact casts, in which the production of KAM (Kel’ty Akozinsko-Melarskie) axes was distinguished at a higher frequency. We hypothesize that several coastal regions were temporarily settled by people of Nordic origin who participated in an exchange with local SE Baltic communities via itinerant bronze production. Foreign settlement areas as indicated by stone ship burials are known in Courland and S Saaremaa as well as in N Estonia and the Sambian Peninsula. From these territories, further communication was developed with local communities settled mostly in enclosed sites in coastal areas and inland, in the vicinity of the River Daugava, the SE Latvian and NE Lithuanian uplands, and the Masurian Lakeland. Keywords: bronze casting, communication networks, exchange, Southeastern Baltic, Bronze Age.

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12

Moszyński, Michał. "Exit Strategies From the Crisis on the Example of the Baltic States." Equilibrium 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2012.009.

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the macroeconomic policy of the Baltic states in response to the financial crisis of the years 2007-2010. The considerations are based on the thesis that the general direction of the macroeconomic policy chosen by the analyzed countries is correct. The consistent maintaining of a fixed exchange rate during the crisis aroused much controversy and was criticized in the literature. In the study, particular attention was paid to the issues of exchange rate, which has constituted the key element of the policy, both in the initial period of transformation, as well as in the times of recession. The first part of the study concentrates on the specificities of small open economies of the Baltic countries and on the determinants of their monetary and exchange rate policy. Subsequently, the economic situation of the Baltic republics in the face of the crisis was characterized, indicating the main factors increasing their vulnerability to economic shocks. The next subject of the analysis was the macroeconomic policies in response to the deep recession. The considerations were intended to assess the validity of maintaining a fixed exchange rate policy as a core element of an anti-crisis strategy. The methods used in solving the scientific problem were the critical literature studies and the analysis of macroeconomic indicators.

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13

Vugule, Erika. "Baltic States Teacher Union and Its Activities 20ties and 30ties of 20th Century." Pedagogika 111, no. 2 (September 10, 2013): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2013.1806.

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On the basis on LLS newspaper “Musu Nakotne” and Latvian Ministry of Education monthly “Izglitibas Ministrijas Menesraksts” in this research reflecting about international cooperation of the teachers – the activities of the Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian teachers within the Teachers Association of the Baltic States. Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian teacher unions in the 20ties and 30ties of the 20th century formed Teachers Union of the Baltic States or the Association of Baltic States Teacher Unions, within which substantial organizational pedagogically – ideological exchange work was carried out thus helping teachers understand not only narrow educational issues of their own country but also discover their international context. Teachers’ Union of the Baltic States focused on mutual conferences and congresses – 11 conferences and 3 congresses took place.

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14

Gustafsson, Bo G. "Time-Dependent Modeling of the Baltic Entrance Area. 2. Water and Salt Exchange of the Baltic Sea." Estuaries 23, no. 2 (April 2000): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352831.

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15

Larsén, Xiaoli Guo, Ann-Sofi Smedman, and Ulf Högström. "Air–sea exchange of sensible heat over the Baltic Sea." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 130, no. 597 (January 31, 2004): 519–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1256/qj.03.11.

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16

Burzyński, K., and A. Sadurski. "The groundwater exchange rate of the southern Baltic coastal lowland." Journal of Hydrology 119, no. 1-4 (November 1990): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(90)90048-3.

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17

Seppälä, Mikko-Olavi. "Theatre Against Stagnation." Nordic Theatre Studies 32, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 119–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v32i2.124355.

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This article explores theatrical exchanges across the Baltic Sea in the 1930s as part of the cultural diplomacy of recently independent Finland. The Finnish National Theatre visited the Estonia Theatre in Tallinn in 1931 and in 1937, and the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm in 1936. These theatre visits were different in terms of the visiting production. In Stockholm in 1936, and in Tallinn in 1937, the Finnish National Theatre showcased its work, while during the bilateral exchange with the Estonia Theatre in 1931, the main actors of two of the productions visited the other theatre and the audiences saw two hybrid performances of the two productions. Therefore, the visits are discussed in terms of international and transnational exchange.

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18

Jerinić, Marina. "ADAPTATION TO EXTERNAL SHOCKS WITHIN THE CURRENCY BOARD SYSTEM ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BALTIC COUNTRIES AND BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA." DIEM: Dubrovnik International Economic Meeting 6, no. 1 (September 2021): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17818/diem/2021/1.17.

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One of the most important economic policy issues, especially in the post-transition countries, is exchange rate regime (ERR), i.e. the question of optimal exchange rate regime that would stimulate economic growth and propagate macroeconomic stability. For small and EU-oriented countries like Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), the EU accession processes and character of countries' economic cycle phase are usually highlighted among many factors. The choice of the appropriate exchange rate system is determinated by the specific characteristics of individual countries, time moment and the characteristics of the external shock occurrence. It is generally accepted that monetary instabilities are treated by fixation and real economic shocks by exchange rate fluctuations. An important criterion for assessing the adequacy of the current exchange rate regime is its response to external shocks, such as the Great Recession in 2008. While flexible exchange rate regime is used as an automatic stabilizer, fixed exchange rates place certain restrictions. The process of macroeconomic adjustment in the Baltic States is an example of how large macroeconomic imbalances can be reduced without adjusting the nominal exchange rate and how the currency board can be successfully used as a stage in the euro introduction process. The aim of this paper is to give a comparative overview of the currency board introduction in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Baltic countries, results achieved and reactions to external shocks (Great Recession in 2008) within this exchange rate arrangement, so conclusions that could be valuable in post-COVID 19 recovery can be drawn. Key words: exchange rates, currency board, external shocks

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19

Winterhalter, Boris. "Prolific decades of marine geology at the Geological Survey of Finland: a historical review." Baltica 29, no. 1 (June 12, 2016): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2016.29.05.

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The article presents a short historical review of development of marine geology at the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK). The founder of the marine geology unit at GTK, Dr. Heikki Ignatius, established at an early stage good relations with the Baltic Sea researchers of neighbouring countries. This resulted in joint research cruises, exchange of ideas and close cooperation. The purpose of this article is to highlight some of the important steps taken at GTK and to show how cooperation has resulted in the investigations of the Baltic Sea becoming one of the best studied sea areas in the World Ocean.

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20

Staneviciūtė, Rūta. "Baltic musicological conferences: National music historiographies and transnationalism." Muzikologija, no. 26 (2019): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz1926075s.

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The article explores the Baltic musicological conferences as a non-hierarchical network and its role and meaning in the changing political and cultural contexts. Starting from 1967, when the first conference took place, the annual meetings of the Baltic musicologists soon became a transnational space for the professional exchange and crosscultural discussion. Based on the results and the impact of cooperation between musicologists of neighbouring countries, the Soviet formation of the national history writing and the development of the Baltic musicological comparativism is discussed, given the political and cultural factors of these changes. The theoretical foundations and cultural aspirations of the concept of national music historiography by Vytautas Landsbergis is highlighted as representative example of the national self-confidence in Lithuanian musicology during the Soviet period.

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21

Wängberg, Ingvar, Stefan Schmolke, Peter Schager, John Munthe, Ralf Ebinghaus, and Åke Iverfeldt. "Estimates of air-sea exchange of mercury in the Baltic Sea." Atmospheric Environment 35, no. 32 (November 2001): 5477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(01)00246-1.

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22

Engqvist, Anders, Kristofer Döös, and Oleg Andrejev. "Modeling Water Exchange and Contaminant Transport through a Baltic Coastal Region." AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment 35, no. 8 (December 2006): 435–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447(2006)35[435:mweact]2.0.co;2.

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23

Bruhn, Regina, Soenke Lakaschus, and Michael S. McLachlan. "Air/sea gas exchange of PCBs in the southern Baltic Sea." Atmospheric Environment 37, no. 24 (August 2003): 3445–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00329-7.

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24

Bidleman, Terry F., Kathleen Agosta, Agneta Andersson, Peter Haglund, Olle Nygren, Matyas Ripszam, and Mats Tysklind. "Air–Water Exchange of Brominated Anisoles in the Northern Baltic Sea." Environmental Science & Technology 48, no. 11 (May 19, 2014): 6124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5007109.

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25

Löffler, Annekatrin, Bernd Schneider, Matti Perttilä, and Gregor Rehder. "Air–sea CO2 exchange in the Gulf of Bothnia, Baltic Sea." Continental Shelf Research 37 (April 2012): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2012.02.002.

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26

Otsmann, Mikk, Villu Astok, and Ülo Suursaar. "A Model for Water Exchange Between the Baltic Sea and the Gulf of Riga." Hydrology Research 28, no. 4-5 (August 1, 1997): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1998.31.

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A model for water exchange of a basin connected to the open sea by two channels has been worked out. The model is applied on the Gulf of Riga, where the water exchange processes versus strong landbased inflow of nutrients are the most important factors in formation of the trophic status of the Gulf. The model's response both to stationary external conditions and nonstationary impulses (changes in the sea level, wind and riverine inflow) is analysed and possibilities for matter exchange calculations are discussed. It appeared that the water exchange depends strongly on the configuration and position of the straits. The water exchange in such a two-channel system is considerably different (and stronger) than in the case of a one-channel version. The main external force for the Gulf appeared to be the wind.

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27

Jakučionytė, Eglė. "THE IMPACT OF THE EURO ADOPTION ON NASDAQ OM X BALTIC STOCK EXCHANGE. ANALYSIS BY STRUCTURAL BREAK TESTS." Ekonomika 90, no. 3 (January 1, 2011): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ekon.2011.0.934.

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Although the euro adoption in Estonia in 2011 and changing the trading and clearing currency at the NASDAQ OMX Vilnius for euro on 22 November 2010 were foreseen as a possibility to attract more foreign investors, last year the Baltic stock exchange underwent some extreme fluctuations, both positive and negative.In this paper, shown are statistically significant euro adoption-caused trend breaks underlying the data set of NASDAQ OMX stock exchanges in Tallinn and Vilnius. Also, the possible factors that may have been driving them are discussed. The assessment is carried out using three different structural break tests.

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28

Jensen, Jørn Bo, Ole Bennike, Wolfram Lemke, and Antoon Kuijpers. "The Storebælt gateway to the Baltic." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 7 (July 29, 2005): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v7.4831.

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The present-day Storebælt (Great Belt), the waterway between the islands of Fyn and Sjælland (Fig. 1), contains deeply incised valleys, locally more than 50 m deep, and is of crucial importance to the water exchange between the fully marine Kattegat and the brackish Baltic Sea. The role of this important gateway changed significantly during the late and post-glacial period (since 15000 B.P.), when the Baltic Basin experienced alternating freshwater, brackish and marine conditions as a result of changes in relative sea level (Figs 2, 3). The importance of the Storebælt in understanding the dynamics of the Baltic Basin is reflected in the large number of studies carried out (see Bennike et al. 2004). The first detailed sedimentological and stratigraphic studies in the Storebælt area that demonstrated the presence of early Holocene freshwater deposits below the seabed were those of Krog (1960, 1965, 1971), who also presented the first shore-displacement curve for the area (Krog 1979).

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29

Stramska, Malgorzata, and Paulina Aniskiewicz. "Satellite Remote Sensing Signatures of the Major Baltic Inflows." Remote Sensing 11, no. 8 (April 21, 2019): 954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11080954.

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Variability of sea level in the North and Baltic Seas, enforced by weather patterns, affects the intensity of water exchange between these seas. Transfer of salty water from the North Sea is very important for the hydrography of the Baltic Sea. The volume of inflowing salty water can occasionally increase remarkably. Such incidents, called the Major Baltic Inflows (MBIs), are unpredictable, of relatively short duration, and difficult to observe using in situ data. We have shown that remote sensing altimetry can be used as a complementary source of information about the MBI events. The advantage of using such data is that large-scale spatial information about SLA is available with daily resolution. We have described changes in SLA during several MBI events observed in 1993–2017. The net volume of water transported into the Baltic Sea varied between the events due to differences in atmospheric forcing. Based on SLA data, the largest inflow of water happened during the 2014 MBI. This is in agreement with previously published results, based on in situ data.

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30

Suliková, Veronika, Marianna Sinicáková, and Denis Horváth. "Twin deficits in small open Baltic economies." Panoeconomicus 61, no. 2 (2014): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan1402227s.

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This paper analyzes the twin deficit hypothesis - simultaneous current account deficit and budget deficit - in three small open Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) running under certain forms of the fixed exchange rate regime. The idea of twin deficits is tested using the vector error correction model (VECM), Granger causality tests and forecast variance decomposition, involving three variables: current account, budget balance, and investments. The new estimates confirm significant long-run positive relation between budget balance and current account in Estonia and Lithuania on one hand and the negative one in case of budget balance and investments in all three considered countries. The results of the analysis are specific to each country as they depend on their particular macroeconomic background. The contribution was elaborated within the project VEGA 1/0973/11.

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31

Dremaite, Marija. "Symbolic Geographies, Nordic Inspirations, and Baltic Identities." Architectural Research in Finland 4, no. 1 (August 11, 2021): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37457/arf.84565.

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"In Finland we really felt architecture", Lithuanian architect Vytautas Čekanauskas used to say remembering his first study trip to Finland in 1959. Impact of Nordic design is often emphasised when discussing Baltic design of the State Socialist period. When new residential districts in the 1960s were built among the trees in existing pine forests, as happened in Āgenskalna Priedesin Riga, Mustamäe in Tallinn, and Lazdynai in Vilnius, then Tapiola in Helsinki was most often cited as inspiration. Indeed, as opportunities for tourist travel and foreign exchange programs increased in the late 1950s, the Soviet Architects' Association began to organize professional delegations that included several representatives from each of the Baltic republics, dispatched on fact-finding missions to Finland. But why Nordic concept of regionalism became so important in the formation of the Baltic post-war modernism ? In the paper it is argued, that Finnish modern architecture, that was experienced at first hand during the study trips, was perceived as an acceptable model for the Baltic architects who wished to belong to the international community of modern architecture, yet retaining a national idiom and being distinctive within the USSR.

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32

Stanev, E. V., J. Pein, S. Grashorn, Y. Zhang, and C. Schrum. "Dynamics of the Baltic Sea straits via numerical simulation of exchange flows." Ocean Modelling 131 (November 2018): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2018.08.009.

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33

Krauss, W., and B. Brügge. "Wind-Produced Water Exchange between the Deep Basins of the Baltic Sea." Journal of Physical Oceanography 21, no. 3 (March 1991): 373–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1991)021<0373:wpwebt>2.0.co;2.

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34

Zvelebil, Marek. "Mobility, contact, and exchange in the Baltic Sea basin 6000–2000 BC." Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 25, no. 2 (June 2006): 178–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2005.11.003.

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35

Jakobsen, Flemming. "The dense water exchange of the bornholm basin in the Baltic Sea." Deutsche Hydrographische Zeitschrift 48, no. 2 (June 1996): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02799383.

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36

Chubarenko, B. V., and R. B. Zakirov. "Water Exchange of Nontidal Estuarine Coastal Vistula Lagoon with the Baltic Sea." Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 147, no. 4 (July 2021): 05021005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ww.1943-5460.0000633.

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37

Stebner, Frauke, Hukam Singh, Jes Rust, and David A. Grimaldi. "Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha: Sciaroidea) in early Eocene Cambay amber." PeerJ 5 (May 17, 2017): e3313. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3313.

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One new genus and three new species of Lygistorrhinidae in early Eocene Cambay amber from India are described, which significantly increases our knowledge about this group in the Eocene.Lygistorrhina indican. sp. is the oldest fossil known from this extant genus.Indorrhina sahniin. gen. et sp. shows morphological similarities to each of the two extant generaLygistorrhinaandAsiorrhina.Palaeognoriste orientaleis the third species known from a group that has only been recorded from Eocene Baltic amber before. The latter finding reveals faunal links between Cambay amber and the probably slightly younger Baltic amber, adding further evidence that faunal exchange between Europe/Asia and India took place before the formation of Cambay amber.

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38

Rudzkis, Rimantas, Roma Valkavičienė, and Virmantas Kvedaras. "Prediction of Baltic Sectorial Share Price Indices." Lietuvos statistikos darbai 53, no. 1 (December 20, 2014): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/ljs.2014.13894.

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Extending the research started in [31], the paper uses econometric methods for the short-term forecasting of quarterly values of sector indexes of stock prices from the OMX Baltic stock exchange. The ARMA models and modelling methodology that was used to build the statistical models in the previous paper are now augmented with the algorithms of time series aggregation and identification of special features of the series. Here, the search for informative factors relies on the study of related literature. The specification of models is further tailored using the traditional significance (p-value) analysis of regressors and a cross-validation analysis. The latter is implemented in this paper using the Jack-knife approach. The data period analysed covers the years 2000–2013. The results of the analysis indicate that the inclusion not only of recent autoregressive terms but also of some aggregated characteristics (as certain special features of indexes) improves the precision of forecasting substantially. The calculations were performed using the statistical analysis software SAS.

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39

Hüssy, Karin. "Review of western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) recruitment dynamics." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 7 (June 6, 2011): 1459–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr088.

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Abstract Hüssy, K. 2011. Review of western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) recruitment dynamics. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1459–1471. Important processes in the recruitment dynamics of western Baltic cod (Gadus morhua) are identified. Spawning areas are in the deep, saline waters below 20–40 m, depending on area topography. Spatial distribution remains relatively stable over time. Peak spawning shows an area-specific pattern, with progressively later spawning towards the east. Genetic stock structure and tagging indicate some degree of natal homing for spawning. The highly variable hydrodynamic conditions and the fact that cod eggs float in the water column cause their entrainment by currents, and their destination is determined by the prevailing winds and currents. Drift is almost exclusively to the east, but the magnitude and its impact on the structure of the affected stocks (Kattegat, western Baltic, and eastern Baltic) remains unresolved. Salinity limits the east–west exchange of eggs as a consequence of the stocks' differential requirement for neutral buoyancy. Superimposed on this, oxygen content and temperature have a significant effect on fertilization, egg/larva development, and survival. Within the Baltic Sea ecosystem, mixing of stocks may be anticipated and is particularly pronounced in the Arkona Basin because of its use for spawning by both western and eastern stocks, the advection of early life stages from the west and immigration/emigration from the east.

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40

Bazaras, Darius, Kristina Ledauskaitė, and Ramūnas Palšaitis. "COMPARABLE ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN LITHUANIA AND FINLAND." TRANSPORT 25, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/transport.2010.13.

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Information exchange and making business transactions via the Internet and E-mail are very common nowadays. Thus, it is very important to investigate the use of applied Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in activities undertaken by business and transport companies examining the levels the companies are making investments and to assess needs for a wider use of ICT in the logistics and transport companies. A number of authors in the Baltic States are analyzing ICT in separate business areas, for example transportation, warehousing, marketing, management etc. but none of those analyzes the use and development of ICT inside the company. The article describes the situation of using and developing ICT in the Baltic Sea Region and makes a comparison of Lithuanian and Finnish companies. Finland was chosen for benchmarking because research on ICT in the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) showed that the situation of using ICT in Lithuania and its neighborhood countries was similar.

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41

Soon-Gwon Choi. "Implications of Historical Development Process of the Baltic, International Ship and Maritime Exchange." KOREA INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL REVIEW 25, no. 1 (March 2010): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18104/kaic.25.1.201003.91.

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Bidleman, Terry F., Kathleen Agosta, Agneta Andersson, Peter Haglund, Per Liljelind, Alyse Hegmans, Liisa M. Jantunen, et al. "Sea-air exchange of bromoanisoles and methoxylated bromodiphenyl ethers in the Northern Baltic." Marine Pollution Bulletin 112, no. 1-2 (November 2016): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.08.042.

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Kuzmina, N. P., V. M. Zhurbas, B. Rudels, T. Stipa, V. T. Paka, and S. S. Muraviev. "Role of eddies and intrusions in the exchange processes in the Baltic halocline." Oceanology 48, no. 2 (April 2008): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s000143700802001x.

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Bikas, Egidijus, and Evelina Glinskytė. "Financial Factors Determining the Investment Behavior of Lithuanian Business Companies." Economies 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies9020045.

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The article aims to identify and evaluate the financial factors influencing the investment behavior of Lithuanian companies. The article briefly reviews and summarizes previous research that provides detailed evidence of the financial factors that influence a firm’s investment behavior. The study is performed using correlation–regression and factor analysis. Sixteen Lithuanian joint-stock companies, the shares of which are listed on the Nasdaq Baltic stock exchange and whose main activity is not related to financial instruments, were selected for the research. Moreover, 58 companies are listed on the Nasdaq Baltic stock exchange (32 companies on the official list, 26 companies on the additional list). There are only 26 Lithuanian joint-stock companies in both lists. Out of 26 Lithuanian companies listed on this stock exchange, 16 were selected whose activities are not related to financial instruments. The results of the study provided strong evidence that a company’s financial assets have a positive impact on capital and overall profitability, i.e., Lithuanian companies with higher profitability invest in financial instruments more often, while companies with borrowed funds and with higher financial restrictions invest less. The study showed that the performance indicators of Lithuanian companies have a weak impact on the size of the company’s financial assets; therefore, it can be assumed that this is related to cognitive factors and heuristics.

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Jakobsen, FI, and M. J. Lintrup. "The Exchange of Water and Salt across the Drogden Sill in Øresund September 1993-November 1994." Hydrology Research 27, no. 5 (October 1, 1996): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1996.0015.

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In this paper accurate hourly time series of water and salt transport across the Drogden Sill in Øresund are presented for a period of more than one year. The investigation is based on measured current, salinity and water levels from two fixed stations in the Drogden Channel and the Flinten Channel. The water transport is calculated by the method outlined in Jakobsen and Castejon (1995), which is extended in the present paper to include salt transport. The resulting water and salt transport distributions are given as functions of time or salinity. The data analyses show a net water discharge out of the Baltic Proper across the Drogden Sill of 2.5×103 m3/s and a net salt flux into the Baltic Proper of 58 tonnes/s. The outflow is water with a salinity less than 12 g/kg, while the inflow takes place in the interval from 12 g/kg to 32 g/kg. The Knudsen relations are extended by two equations regarding gross transport, whereby the barotropically pulsating flow of changing salinity may be equated with a corresponding two-layer system of opposing residual fluxes.

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Leal Filho, Walter. "The baltic environmental information dissemination system: using environmental informatics as a tool for sustainable development in the Baltic Sea region." Scientia Agricola 59, no. 3 (September 2002): 605–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162002000300029.

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The on-going economic development of EU-countries as well of the countries in the C&E European region has been leading to a significant use of a great deal of natural resources as well as to noticeable environmental problems. The lack of a wide-spread environmental awareness from the side of those acting in various sectors (industry, public administration, users) sometimes inhibit the implementation of legislation already available as well as the introduction of new technologies deriving, from example, from marine research. An example of this state of affairs is seen in respect of the implementation of the recommendations deriving from Baltic 21 and VASAB 2010, which illustrate the advantages from a cross-sectorial, open mechanism for the dissemination of environmental information in the region. There are various organisations today which act as suppliers of environmental information in the Baltic Sea Region. However, few, if any, are providers concerned with the various ways in which information on matters related to sustainable development is being used by various groups and audiences. This state of affairs makes it necessary to enhance the current mechanisms and approaches in place, so as to enable the wide-range of environmental information available today from areas such as marine research, to be more widely used. It is equally important that the didactic or educational potential of such information be exploited, so as to not only inform, but also to educate various groups and the general public on matters concerned with the environment in European closed seas and give information to planners and politicians to prepare decisions. In order to address such needs, the project "Baltic Environmental Information Dissemination System (BEIDS)" was set in motion. BEIDS has been taking advantage of the most modern information technologies and has been acting as a focal point for the circulation of intelligent information on aspects of the marine environment, but also emphasising related areas such as transport and sustainable development issues, among a sample of six BSR countries: Denmark, Finland, Germany, Sweden (EU) and Lithuania and Poland (non-EU), contributing to networking and know-how exchange, complementing efforts towards transregional cooperation in sustainable spatial planning on the basis of Baltic 21. The results reached to date include: increased awareness of matters related to sustainable development in the six participant countries; enhanced communication exchange and networking among the sample nations; improved information flow and increased participation in events, activities and programmes across the Baltic Sea Region. BEIDS is a prime example of the feasibility of using environmental informatics as a tool for sustainable development.

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Gniadkowska-Szymańska, Agata. "The impact of trading liquidity on the rate of return on emerging markets: the example of Poland and the Baltic countries." e-Finanse 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 136–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fiqf-2016-0042.

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AbstractEach type of investment has its own liquidity, i.e. the speed with which it can be converted into money. This can be seen with respect to various instruments (such as stocks or futures contracts), market segments, or even entire exchanges. The importance of liquidity has been acknowledged for a long time. A considerable number of studies have investigated stock liquidity, providing evidence that more illiquid stocks have higher returns, which may be deemed an ‚illiquidity premium’. In this paper I present various factors which have an effect on liquidity by presenting the results of research concerning relations between liquidity and stock return on the Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) and Nasdaq stock exchanges in Tallinn, Riga and Vilnius.

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Ponomarenko, Ekaterina, Viktor Krechik, and Evgenia Dorokhova. "Environmental factors affecting recent benthic foraminiferal distribution in the south-eastern Baltic Sea." Baltica 33, no. 1 (August 1, 2020): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2020.1.6.

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The Baltic Sea is characterized by a restricted exchange of deep waters due to permanent stratification of the water column. The aim of the present study is to investigate the distribution of benthic foraminifera in the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea in relation to environmental parameters. The distribution of benthic foraminifera was analyzed in 26 surface sediment samples collected in the south-eastern part of the Baltic Sea and in the Bornholm Basin during springtime and wintertime 2016. Foraminiferal diversity in the studied region was extremely low. Agglutinated specimens dominated the assemblages and were represented by small-sized individuals which belong to Psammosphaera, Pseudothurammina, Saccammina, and Reophax genera. Calcareous foraminifera were dominated by Cribroelphidium genus. Micropaleontological data were compared to the environmental parameters characterizing bottom water (temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen content) and substrate conditions (grain size composition and total organic carbon content). Higher foraminiferal concentrations and diversity were found in deeper parts of the study region where fine-grained sediments with a higher total organic carbon content were accumulated under stable hydrographical conditions. Calcareous tests were found only at the stations with elevated salinity, indicating that bottom water salinity is the main factor limiting the distribution of calcareous foraminifera. On the other hand, substrate parameters and hydrodynamic conditions appear to play a major role in the distribution of agglutinated foraminifera.

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Lipka, Marko, Michael E. Böttcher, Zijun Wu, Jürgen Sültenfuß, Anna-K. Jenner, Julia Westphal, Olaf Dellwig, et al. "Ferruginous groundwaters as a source of P, Fe, and DIC for coastal waters of the southern Baltic Sea: (Isotope) hydrobiogeochemistry and the role of an iron curtain." E3S Web of Conferences 54 (2018): 00019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185400019.

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We report first results from a study on water and element exchange across the land-ocean boundary at the southern Baltic Sea. The focus is set on ferruginous fresh ground waters escaping at the shore line, flowing in air contact before entering a subterranean mixing zone with brackish Baltic Sea water. The present study combines the results from multiple sampling campaigns that investigated the composition of several springs as well as the surface and subsurface development of fresh waters on the way to the Baltic Sea. This is achieved by a combination of hydroand solid-phase geochemical and stable isotope measurements with ground water dating. Results are compared to the composition of groundwaters recovered from wells in the catchment area and the local isotope meteoric water line developed for Warnemünde. The spring water is shown to be impacted by the dissolution of biogenic carbon dioxide and marine carbonate as well as the oxidation of pyrite in glacial sediments. Dating yields a surprisingly high diversity between some closely associated springs with average ages of about 25 to 32 years, but different mixing proportions with older tritium-free ground-water.

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Tanzer, Julia, Ralf Hermann, and Ludwig Hermann. "Remediating Agricultural Legacy Nutrient Loads in the Baltic Sea Region." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 3872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073872.

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The Baltic Sea is considered the marine water body most severely affected by eutrophication within Europe. Due to its limited water exchange nutrients have a particularly long residence time in the sea. While several studies have analysed the costs of reducing current nutrient emissions, the costs for remediating legacy nutrient loads of past emissions remain unknown. Although the Baltic Sea is a comparatively well-monitored region, current data and knowledge is insufficient to provide a sound quantification of legacy nutrient loads and much less their abatement costs. A first rough estimation of agricultural legacy nutrient loads yields an accumulation of 0.5–4.0 Mt N and 0.3–1.2 Mt P in the Baltic Sea and 0.4–0.5 Mt P in agricultural soils within the catchment. The costs for removing or immobilising this amount of nutrients via deep water oxygenation, mussel farming and soil gypsum amendment are in the range of few tens to over 100 billion €. These preliminary results are meant as a basis for future studies and show that while requiring serious commitment to funding and implementation, remediating agricultural legacy loads is not infeasible and may even provide economic benefits to local communities in the long run.

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