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Figueroa, Daniela. "Bacterioplankton in the Baltic Sea : influence of allochthonous organic matter and salinity." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-117977.
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Climate change is expected to increase the precipitation ~30% in higher latitudes during the next century, increasing the land runoff via rivers to aquatic ecosystems. The Baltic Sea will receive higher river discharges, accompanied by larger input of allochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) from terrestrial ecosystems. The salinity will decrease due to freshwater dilution. The allochthonous DOM constitute a potential growth substrate for microscopic bacterioplankton and phytoplankton, which together make up the basal trophic level in the sea. The aim of my thesis is to elucidate the bacterial processing of allochthonous DOM and to evaluate possible consequences of increased runoff on the basal level of the food web in the Baltic Sea. I performed field studies, microcosm experiments and a theoretical modeling study. Results from the field studies showed that allochthonous DOM input via river load promotes the heterotrophic bacterial production and influences the bacterial community composition in the northern Baltic Sea. In a northerly estuary ~60% of bacterial production was estimated to be sustained by terrestrial sources, and allochthonous DOM was a strong structuring factor for the bacterial community composition. Network analysis showed that during spring the diversity and the interactions between the bacteria were relatively low, while later during summer other environmental factors regulate the community, allowing a higher diversity and more interactions between different bacterial groups. The influence of the river inflow on the bacterial community allowed “generalists” bacteria to be more abundant than “specialists” bacteria. Results from a transplantation experiment, where bacteria were transplanted from the northern Baltic Sea to the seawater from the southern Baltic Sea and vice versa, showed that salinity, as well as the DOM composition affect the bacterial community composition and their enzymatic activity. The results showed that α-proteobacteria in general were favoured by high salinity, β-proteobacteria by low salinity and terrestrial DOM compounds and γ-proteobacteria by the enclosure itself. However, effects on the community composition and enzymatic activity were not consistent when the bacterial community was retransplanted, indicating a functional redundancy of the bacterial communities. Results of ecosystem modeling showed that climate change is likely to have quite different effect on the north and the south of the Baltic Sea. In the south, higher temperature and internal nutrient load will increase the cyanobacterial blooms and expand the anoxic or suboxic areas. In the north, climate induced increase in riverine inputs of allochthonous DOM is likely to promote bacterioplankton production, while phytoplankton primary production will be hampered due to increased light attenuation in the water. This, in turn, can decrease the production at higher trophic levels, since bacteria-based food webs in general are less efficient than food webs based on phytoplankton. However, complex environmental influences on the bacterial community structure and the large redundancy of metabolic functions limit the possibility of predicting how the bacterial community composition will change under climate change disturbances.
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Paczkowska, Joanna. "Phytoplankton drivers in a marine system influenced by allochthonous organic matter – the Baltic Sea." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-126389.
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Climate change scenarios predict that seawater temperature and precipitation will increase in the Baltic Sea region during the next century. In the northern part of the Baltic Sea, increasing inflows of the terrestrial allochthonous dissolved organic matter (ADOM) are expected to be a major consequence of elevated rainfall, which can alter light and nutrient availability for phytoplankton. The aim of my thesis was to elucidate effects of ADOM on phytoplankton production, community, size-structure and nutritional strategy along offshore south-north gradients in the Baltic Sea, as well as in estuarine systems exposed to seasonal variation in river discharge. Field studies, a mesocosm experiment and a modeling study were used to explore these issues. Results from the field studies and mesocosm experiment illustrated that the nutritional strategy, size-structure and cellular pigment content of the phytoplankton were governed by changes in ADOM, and thus in light and nutrient availability. A summer study along an offshore south-north gradient showed that the proportion of mixotrophic phytoplankton increased towards the north. In this area the concentrations humic substances (proxy for ADOM) were high, while the light availability and phosphorus concentrations were relatively low. The phytoplankton cells responded to reduced light availability by increasing their chlorophyll a: carbon ratio. Additionally, the levels of photoprotective pigments decreased from south to north, as a result of acclimation to a low-light environment and reduced exposure to ultraviolet radiation. According to ecological assumptions picophytoplankton should be favored in light- and nutrient-limited environments. However, the results did not follow that pattern, the proportion of picophytoplankton being highest in the relatively nutrient rich Baltic Proper. The study was performed during the decline of an extensive bloom of filamentous cyanobacteria, a successional phase in which picophytoplankton often dominate the phytoplankton community. The estuarine studies performed in the Bothnian Bay (Råne estuary) and in the Bothnian Sea (Öre estuary) showed different successions. In the Råne estuary no spring phytoplankton bloom occurred and highest primary production was observed during the summer. This absence of a spring bloom was explained by low phosphorus and high ADOM concentrations, while the summer maximum could be explained by higher temperature and nutrient concentrations. In the Öre estuary a marked phytoplankton spring bloom was observed as well as an ADOM sustained bacterial production phase. The later secondary peak of bacterial production observed in summer, concomitant with an extended secondary primary production peak, suggests that autochthonous dissolved organic matter supported the bacterial growth Furthermore, the photosynthetic efficiency (i.e. phytoplankton growth rates) was lower during spring, indicating that high ADOM, and thus lower light and phosphorus availability, disfavored phytoplankton growth. Our modeling study showed that climate change can impact the food web; however effects will be different between basins. In the southern Baltic Sea elevated temperature and nutrient discharge may promote nutrient recycling and oxygen consumption, potentially extending anoxic areas, sediment nutrient release and cyanobacteria blooms. In the north, increased inflow of ADOM may promote heterotrophic bacterial production and decrease primary production due to light attenuation and lower phosphorus availability. This will favor the heterotrophic microbial food web and consequently lead to lower food web efficiency of the ecosystem.
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Ekeroth, Nils. "Benthic fluxes of biogenic elements in the Baltic Sea : Influence of oxygen and macrofauna." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och botanik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-114598.
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This thesis investigates how benthic fluxes of phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N), and silicon (Si) change upon oxygenation of anoxic soft bottoms in the brackish, eutrophicated Baltic Sea. Direct measurements in situ by benthic landers demonstrated that fluxes of dissolved inorganic P (DIP) from anoxic bottom sediments in the Eastern Gotland Basin are higher than previously thought (Paper I). It is argued that the benthic DIP flux has a much larger influence on the DIP inventory in the Baltic proper than the external sources. Similarly, benthic fluxes of DIP and dissolved inorganic N (DIN) from anoxic sediment in the coastal Kanholmsfjärden Basin, Stockholm archipelago, were sufficiently high to renew the pools of these nutrients below the upper mixed layer in roughly one year (Paper II). A natural inflow of oxygen rich water into the deep, and previously long-term anoxic part of Kanholmsfjärden Basin, increased the P content in the sediment by 65% and lowered DIP and dissolved silica (DSi) concentrations in the pore water. These changes, as well as the large increases in benthic effluxes of these solutes following de-oxygenation of the bottom water, suggest that they are influenced similarly by changing oxygen conditions. Experimental results in papers III and IV show that common benthic macrofauna species in the Baltic Sea can stimulate benthic release of DIN and DSi, as well as dissolved organic and particulate bound nutrients. Thus, if benthic oxygen conditions would improve in the Baltic, initial effects on benthic–pelagic nutrient coupling will change due to animal colonisation of currently azoic soft bottoms. A new box corer was designed (Paper V) which can be used to obtain highly needed virtually undisturbed samples from soft bottom sediments – if lowered slowly and straight into the bottom strata – as demonstrated by in situ videography and turbidimetry. The commonly used USNEL box corer caused severe biasing during sediment collection.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript. Paper 5: Manuscript.
Baltic oxygenation project
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Lewis, Timothy William. "The influence of E.T.A. Hoffman on Balzac." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245614.
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Olofsson, Martin. "The influence of the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena on the growth of perch (Perca fluviatilis)." Thesis, Högskolan i Kalmar, Naturvetenskapliga institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-2318.
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Nodularin (NODLN) is a pentapeptide produced by the filamentous cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena that is a bloom-forming species in the Baltic Sea. NODLN is an intracellular hepatotoxin, which can have a negative effect on aquatic life including fish. Toxins are released into the water when cells are lysing, e.g. during a decaying bloom. N. spumigena filaments have previously been shown to have a negative effect on perch egg development and perch larval survival. Coastal fish such as perch (Perca fluviatilis) have suffered from recruitment problems in the Baltic Sea the last decades. However, little is known about the impact of toxic cyanobacteria on juvenile perch. In the autumn of 2007, 1+ perch were exposed, during 29 days to either whole live cells (WC) or a crude extract (CE) of broken N. spumigena cells. Chlorophyll a concentrations in the aquaria were 50 µg L -1. Perch were fed chironomidae larvae twice a day. Unexposed perch either fed (CoF) or without food (Co) served as controls. Length and weight of perch were measured at onset and termination of experiment. NODLN content was measured in N. spumigena filaments, crude extract and perch liver samples using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Total lipids (TL) were extracted and quantified from whole-body lyophilised perch excluding livers. No significant differences for length and weight of perch were found between treatments and fed control. NODLN was detected in the crude extract samples, while no NODLN was detected in the perch livers. Moreover TL determination revealed no significant differences between treatments and fed control. Nodularia spumigena did not affect perch in this experiment, probably due to that the critical period of the first year for the perch was exceeded. Therefore, 1+ perch was not as susceptible to the cyanobacterium as eggs, larvae and younger juveniles of fish found in the literature. Perch liver did not contain NODLN, thus either the toxin was detoxicated with no recorded energetic cost or it was not ingested. The variables studied here did not show any effects of NODLN. However, other chemical methods such as enzymatic activity may disclose effects of NODLN.
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Amundsson, Katharina. "Control of marine plankton respiration : High temperature sensitivity at low temperatures influenced by substrate availability." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-128624.
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Temperature dependence of marine plankton respiration is an important factor in understanding the function and changes in the ecosystem of the ocean. The aim of this study is to test the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of plankton respiration. The oxygen optode method was used to measure plankton respiration. Natural water samples from the Baltic Sea was incubated at short (in situ +1, +2, +3°C) and long (in situ +5, +10, +20°C) temperature intervals with influence of dissolved organic matter (DOC). The Arrhenius equation and Q10-model was used to determine the temperature dependence (Q10) of respiration at different temperatures. There was a significant difference in Q10 between short temperature intervals at low temperatures (p=0,008) and long temperature intervals at higher temperatures. There was no significant difference between long and short temperature intervals when DOC was added (p=0,094). A significant effect could be seen with the DOC enrichment at low temperatures, where the Q10-values became significantly lower (p=0,002) after DOC addition. This effect could, however, not be seen at higher temperatures (p=0,117). Together with results from earlier studies it was concluded that the difference in temperature depends on the actual temperature and not the length of the interval. Lowered temperature dependence at raised DOC concentration, was the opposite of what was expected. The results suggest that the importance of temperature for CO2 emissions and development of hypoxia in the sea may have been underestimated.
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Garstecki, Tobias. "The microbial food web of the coastal southern Baltic Sea as influenced by wind-induced sediment resuspension." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=962769282.
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Bosco, de Miranda Vasconcelos Fernanda Helena. "Climate change and the influence of river inflow on pelagic food web efficiency in the Baltic Sea." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-111549.
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Climate change predictions indicate that increased future rainfall in the north of Europe will result in elevated land run off, thus allochthonous material transported to the Baltic Sea will increase. Consequently, compounds including humic substances, organic matter and inorganic nutrients (N and P), all with different biological availabilities, will be transferred to the sea. Such compounds will be incorporated differently into the food web, influencing primary (PP) and bacterial (BP) production, phytoplankton and zooplankton composition as well as food web efficiency (FWE), which are our 3 tested hypotheses. Riverine inflow was simulated by the addition of natural soil extracts (one from a southerly (Daugava) and one from a northerly (Öre) site on a daily basis to 2000 L indoor mesocosms (at Umeå Marine Sciences Centre). These mesocosms contained a natural food web collected from the Baltic Sea, including bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton; plus the addition of 7 juvenile fish (Perca fluviatilis). 12 mesocosms were divided into 4 different treatments where the difference between treatment and respective control was made by the addition of soil extract. Results showed that the input of soil matter from both sites created a lower PP:BP ratio, increased net heterotrophy in the systems, and in general resulted in changes to the phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition. Fish production and FWE was however only reduced in the Daugava treatment. Understanding changes in FWE and the structure of the food web will be vital for management of this system under future climatic conditions.
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Goriatchkina, Oxana. "Le Traité de la Volonté d'Honoré de Balzac." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083154.
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Dans sa thèse, l'auteur propose un point de vue sur l'œuvre de Balzac qui s'attache à des aspects philosophiques jusqu'ici relativement inaperçus. La lecture méthodique des auteurs mentionnés par Balzac dans La Comédie humaine et la lecture des ouvrages de l'époque sur les sujets relevés dans les brouillons de jeunesse, fait ressortir un intérêt unique et obsédant pour l'actus, la volonté, ce qui permet d'identifier la lecture de jeunesse comme les brouillons du Traité de la Volonté. La volonté, le génie, l'Absolu, tel était le résultat de la superposition des lectures de jeunesse de Balzac. Dans ses recherches sur la volonté, Balzac conduit un parallèle avec les philosophes allemands, notamment avec Schopenhauer, qui, comme Balzac, s'intéressait, pour le même but, au magnétisme animal et aux écrivains mystiques. Ces recherches ont conduit Balzac à l'idée de comparer l'animalité et l'humanité, ce qui a abouti au grand projet de La Comédie humaine, qui devient la description de l'enfer de l'humanité, séparée de la connaissance absolue et la recherche de la voie vers l'AbsoluIn her thesis, the author suggests making a change of the point of view on the work of Balzac and discovering the new aspects which – up to here – are spent unnoticed. The methodical reading of authors, mentioned by Balzac in The Human Comedy and the reading of the works of period on the subjects noted in youth drafts, highlights only and obsessing interest : the actus, the will, what allows to identify the youth reading as draft of the Treaty of the Will. The will, the genius, the Absolute, such was the result of the superimposing of the youth reading of Balzac. In his researches on the will, Balzac goes in parallel with the German philosophers, in particular with Schopenhauer, who, as Balzac, was interested, for the same purpose, in the animal magnetism and in the mystic writers. These researches brought Balzac at the idea of comparing the bestiality and the humanity, what ended in the great project of The Human Comedy, which becomes the description of the humanity as an Hell, separated from the absolute knowledge and the research for way towards the Absolute
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Enekvist, Elisabeth. "Energy intake of Common Guillemot, Uria aalge, chicks at Stora Karlsö, Sweden : influence of changes in the Baltic Sea." Thesis, Högskolan på Gotland, Avdelningen för Biologi, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-216.
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Observations of feeding behaviour of common guillemots, Uria aalge, in June 2002 at the island Stora Karlsö in the Baltic Sea proper, and measurements of morphology and energy density in the prey fish sprat, Sprattus sprattus, showed that fish delivered to chicks at present are shorter and weigh less than in the 1970s. Long lasting attending periods and a feeding rate of 4.6 feeds per day indicate that parents are feeding their chicks at a maximum rate. Because of a decline in the energy density in sprat (22.4 kJg-1 dry weight) the daily energy intake of common guillemot chicks have declined noticeably. This could probably explain the observed decrease in fledging body weight of chicks through the 1990s. Baltic common guillemots do not seem to be able to select more energy-dense prey sizes or to switch to other prey species.
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Rezeanu, Ioana-Cătălina. "Les échos dix-neuviémistes dans l'oeuvre de Michel Houellebecq : Balzac, Zola, Huysmans, Auguste Comte, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Lamartine, Baudelaire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0190.
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À l’origine de la présente étude se trouve l’invocation par Michel Houellebecq des lectures dix-neuvièmistes qui ont marqué sa jeunesse ainsi que sa nette opposition à des écrivains du XXe siècle auxquels il préfère les écrits du XIXe siècle. Notre intérêt a été suscité par ses constantes références et allusions à des noms tels Balzac, Zola, Huysmans, Auguste Comte, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Lamartine, Baudelaire. Qu’ont-ils à lui dire ? Si Michel Houellebecq s’oriente vers cette période du passé, c’est parce qu’elle coïncide avec les premières protestations antimodernes contre la froideur du libéralisme, du capitalisme, de l’esprit irréligieux, c’est-à-dire contre les trois maux responsables de l’ébranlement de la structure sociale (post)moderne. La première partie de notre analyse comparative introduit les romans de Houellebecq dans le tissu du réalisme - en écho à Balzac -, du naturalisme - en référence à Zola -, du décadentisme - en évoquant Huysmans. La deuxième a pour fil conducteur les raisonnements philosophiques d’Auguste Comte, de Schopenhauer et de Nietzsche dont Houellebecq nourrit ses jugements au sujet de l’amour et de la religion, sous l’emprise d’un ressentiment tantôt discret, tantôt criard. La dernière partie intervient également sur le territoire de la poésie houellebecquienne. En écho à Lamartine et à Baudelaire nous découvrirons un Houellebecq éclairé par une sensibilité qu’il manie dans des projets prophétiques à portée utopique ou dystopique. Son œuvre appartient certainement à la tradition littéraire postmoderne, mais elle a bien le mérite de revaloriser les voix des romantiques et premiers témoins des temps modernesAt the origin of this study lies the invocation by Michel Houellebecq of the nineteenth-century readings that marked his youth and also his clear opposition to writers of the XXth century to whom he prefers the writings of the XIXth century. Our interest was aroused by his constant references and allusions to names such as Balzac, Zola, Huysmans, Auguste Comte, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Lamartine, Baudelaire. What do they have to say to him? If Michel Houellebecq moves towards this period of the past, it is because it coincides with the first anti-modern protests against the coldness of liberalism, of capitalism, the irreligious spirit, that is against the three evils which are responsible for the disruption of the (post)modern social structure.The first part of our comparative analysis introduces the novels of Houellebecq into realism - an echo to Balzac -, to naturalism - in reference to Zola, relating to decadence - evoking Huysmans. The second is the thread of philosophical reasoning of Auguste Comte, Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, of which Houellebecq feeds his judgments about love and religion, under the influence of a resentment sometimes discreet, sometimes sharp. The last part also enters on the territory of the Houellebecq poetry. In echo to Lamartine and Baudelaire we will discover a Houellebecq enlightened by a sensitivity that he uses in prophetic projects with utopian or dystopian reach. His work certainly belongs to the postmodern literary tradition, but it has the merit of revalorizing the voices of the romantics and the first witnesses of modern times
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Ait, Alla Aomar. "L'inspiration balzacienne dans l'oeuvre de Naguib Mahfouz." Paris 13, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA131005.
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La these aborde un sujet qui met en rapport deux champs litteraires de spheres civilisationnelles differentes. Elle a consiste a expliquer l'existence d'une inspiration balzacienne dans l'oeuvre de n. Mahfouz. Nous avons entrepris une analyse de l'ecriture realiste dans les textes du romancier egyptien, a partir de caracteristiques de l'ecriture balzacienne, sachant que peu d'etudes constantes ont ete realisees dans le cadre de cette influence litteraire. Le premier volet de la recherche a ete consacre a l'etude de la rencontre culturelle entre les deux litteratures: francaise et egyptienne. Nous avons ensuite releve quelques traits pertinents : a - la relation diachronique entre les deux cultures. B - l'influence du roman francais sur les textes mahfouziens. La deuxieme partie se centre sur la successivite, le traitement des categories de la representation realiste (les personnages et leurs perceptions de l'espace et du temps), puis les modalites du discours sans oublier la vision du monde. Cette etude a necessite l'utilisation d'outils methodologiques inspires de la sociocritique. Nous avons tente de relever tous les elements expliquant cette inspiration tout en analysant les champs narratifs. Balzac insiste beaucoup sur la description riche et detaillee, en revanche chez mahfouz, c'est la description des caracteres des personnages qui prime. Dans les textes des deux romanciers un interet commun est accorde aux personnages, a leur dimension psychologique et leurs relations avec l'espace. Le dernier volet de notre recherche a ete consacre a l'axe spatio-temporel (la relation entre l'espace reel et l'espace romanesque), ensuite a la perception du temps chez les principaux personnages. Le lien entre les deux cultures n'est pas arbitraire, l'inspiration balzacienne existe bel et bien dans l'ecriture mahfouzienne. Les echanges et transferts culturels sont nombreux, a travers l'histoire, entre les deux litteraturesThe thesis approaches a subject that puts in report two literary fields of two spheres of different civilizations. It has consisted in explain the existence of balzacienne inspiration in the work of n. Mahfouz. We have undertaken an analysis of the realistic handwriting in texts of the egyptian novelist; from characteristics of the handwriting of balzac ; knowing that few constant studies have been realized to this literary influence. The first shutter of the research has been devoted to the study of the milk relevant: a - the relationship between two cumtures. B - the influence of the french novel on mahfouziens texts. The second parts centers on the processing of categories of the realistic representation (celebrate and their perceptions of the space and the time), then modes of the space without forgetting the vision of the word. The books which are analysis are constituted next text: - father goriot, eugenie grandet et ferragus de balzac. - impasse of the two palace, sons of the medina and impasse of the mortar writhed by mahfouz. This study has necessitated the utilization of inspired methodological tools of sociocritic, we have tempted to notice all elements explaining this inspiration while analyzing romantic fields. Balzac insists a lot on the precise and rich description, in revenge at mahfouz, the preferences goes to the description of celebrity characters. In texts of the two novelists, a common interest is granted to celebrities, to their psychological dimension and their relation ships with the space. The last shutter of our research has been devoted the axis- spatio-temporel (the relationship of the real space and the fictions romantic space), then to the perception of the time at the main celebrities. The relationship between the two culture is not arbitrary, the balzacienne inspiration exists beautiful and well in the mahfouzienne handwriting. Trades and cultural transfers are numerous between the two texts through the history
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Osuga, Saori. "Séraphîta et la Bible : sources scripturaires du mysticisme balzacien." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040202.
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Séraphîta (1833-1835) est une œuvre mystique d’Honoré de Balzac, dans laquelle le romancier condense le sentiment religieux qu’il a nourri dès sa jeunesse. Dans ce récit, il introduit abondamment les citations et les images bibliques, d’une part, les pensées mystiques et théosophiques, d’autre part. Notre thèse tente de mettre en lumière diverses sources bibliques et mystiques du texte balzacien, ainsi que sa propre lecture et interprétation. La première partie est consacrée à l’étude bibliographique des Bibles lues par Balzac, par Swedenborg ainsi que par deux introducteurs des pensées swedenborgiennes en France, Daillant de La Touche et Jean-Pierre Moët, sur la base de laquelle nous analysons les phrases bibliques qui parsèment Séraphîta. Dans la seconde partie, nous envisageons les trois représentations bibliques de Séraphîta-Séraphîtüs : le Séraphin, le Christ et le Verbe. Inspiré par une statue d’ange, œuvre de Théophile Bra, le romancier a développé, au cours de sa rédaction, l’image de l’être angélique ; en même temps, la fonction du Christ est transposée de manière concrète et symbolique dans ce personnage qui, à la fin, se fait Verbe dans son ascension. Dans la troisième et dernière partie, nous examinons l’influence des auteurs mystiques lus par Balzac : Thomas a Kempis, sainte Thérèse d’Avila, Jacob Bœhme, Antoinette Bourignon, Mme Guyon, Fénelon, Saint-Martin, Eckartshausen et surtout Swedenborg. Prenant l’Écriture sainte comme base solide et puisant des idées spirituelles dans divers mystiques et théosophes, le romancier rafraîchit le mysticisme chrétien pour conduire, dans une époque de doute, ses lecteurs vers la foi et l’amour de DieuSéraphîta (1833-1835) is Honoré de Balzac’s mystical novel in which the author condensed his religious feelings nursed since his youth. In this work he introduced numerous biblical citations and images alongside mystical and theosophical thoughts. The present thesis aims to bring to light the diverse biblical and mystical sources of Balzac’s spiritual text, including his own readings and interpretations. Part one is a bibliographic study of Bibles used by Balzac and Swedenborg, as well as those used by Daillant de La Touche and Jean-Pierre Moët, who introduced swedenborgian thought into France; following this, biblical citations found within Séraphîta are analysed. In part two, three biblical representations of Séraphîta-Séraphîtüs are explored, namely: the Seraph, the Christ and the Word. Inspired by Théophile Bra’s statue of an angel, Balzac developed the image of the angelic being in the course of its redaction. At the same time this angel fulfils the function of the Christ, in both concrete and symbolic ways, and in its final ascension becomes the Word itself. In the third and last part, there is an exploration of mystical authors read by Balzac and their influence on his text, namely: Thomas a Kempis, Saint Teresa of Avila, Jacob Boehme, Antoinette Bourignon, Mme Guyon, Fénelon, Saint-Martin, Eckartshausen, and especially Swedenborg. It will be argued that by taking the Bible as his foundation, and drawing spiritual ideas from various mystics and theosophists, Balzac sought to refresh Christian mysticism and lead his readers, in their period of doubt, to faith and love in God
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Dosi, Francesca. "Trajectoires balzaciennes dans le cinéma de Jacques Rivette : Out1 - La belle noiseuse - Ne touchez pas à la hache." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030008.
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Cette étude suit les trajectoires balzaciennes qui parcourent l'oeuvre de Jacques Rivette, en créant un réseau complexe de références, d'allusions et de citations qui reflètent la construction en toile d'araignée de La Comédie Humaine. Elles irriguent trois réalisations ouvertement inspirées de Balzac : Out 1, Noli me tangere (1970-71), film fleuve expérimental d'environ treize heures, articulé sur l'improvisation des acteurs et centré sur la quête des Treize balzaciens, La Belle Noiseuse (1991) qui transpose au présent du tournage l'histoire du Chef d’oeuvre inconnu en la modifiant partiellement, et Ne touchez pas la hache (2007), film en costume « fidèle à la lettre » à La Duchesse de Langeais. Out 1 mêle le récit énigmatique balzacien à la flânerie surréaliste pour interroger la mythologie du groupe et l'onirisme psychédélique des années soixante-dix. La Belle Noiseuse offre à Rivette l'occasion de mettre en scène le processus de création - les séances de pose - et de réfléchir simultanément à son travail de cinéaste et à l'entreprise démesurée de La Comédie Humaine. La « compression à la César » à laquelle il soumet La Duchesse de Langeais fait de Ne touchez pas la hache un traité métaphysique intemporel sur l'empêchement amoureux, mais aussi une méditation sur la philosophie balzacienne et sur la théâtralité propre à La Comédie Humaine. Entre reprise et transformation, Jacques Rivette réalise donc trois oeuvres différemment marquées par une puissante innutrition balzacienne, les inscrivant dans un parcours inhabituel d’assimilation,d’hybridation et de réinvention du fait littéraire au cinémaThis thesis follows the traces of Balzac’s presence in Jacques Rivette’s output and of thecomplex network of references, allusions and quotations that create a mirror image of thecobweb-like structure of the Comédie Humaine. These traces emerge particularly in threeworks overtly inspired by Balzac : Out 1, Noli me tangere (1970-71), an experimental filmfleuve approximately 13 hours long, built on actorial improvisation and centred on atransposition of the quest of Balzac’s Treize to contemporary times; La Belle Noiseuse (1991)which transposes and partly modifies the narrative of Le Chef-d’Oeuvre inconnu to thepresent of the filming process; and Ne touchez pas la hache (2007), a costume (and thus‘literally faithful’) reprise of La Duchesse de Langeais. Out 1 mixes surrealist flanerie toBalzac’s enigmatic narration in order to question the myth of the select group and thepsychedelic oneirism typical of the 1960s. As dramatisations of a novelistic ellipsis, themodel’s sittings in La Belle Noiseuse offer Rivette the opportunity to stage the process ofartistic creation and, at the same time, to reflect on his work as a filmmaker and on theenormous project of the Comédie Humaine. The “César-style” compression to which hesubmits La Duchesse de Langeais turns the narrative into an atemporal metaphysical treatiseon a lover’s impasse, as well as into the occasion for a meditation on Balzac’s philosophy andthe theatricality typical of the Comédie Humaine. Caught up between reprise andtransformation, Jacques Rivette’s films constitute as many re-elaborations that are, to differentdegrees, impregnated with Balzac’s powerful oeuvre, and thus delineate an original set offorms of assimilation, hybridisation and reinvention of literary texts on screen
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Bengtsson, Maria. "Mutual Influence between EU Transnational Interreg Programmes and National Planning Authorities-The Cases of Sweden and Denmark:A Comparison." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för planering och mediedesign, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-5974.
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The aim of this thesis was to study the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) Programme and the North Sea Region (NSR) Programme within the Transnational Interreg IV B Programme for the period 2007-2013, by making a comparison between Sweden and Denmark. The thesis looked at the level of involvement of both National Planning Authorities in the designing process of the programmes and projects, and investigated whether the Interreg programmes influence the authorities in their work with future policy-making, and the national spatial planning policies in general. The ambition of the thesis was also to clarify the links between the Interreg Programmes, the ESDP document, the Territorial State and Perspectives of the European Union and the Territorial Agenda, and how these documents have influenced the EU Territorial Cohesion debate and the creation of the EU Baltic Sea Strategy. The reason was to better understand the role of the National Planning Authorities in the implementation of the transnational programmes and their work towards territorial cohesion. The methods used for the thesis consisted of secondary research and analysis of the intergovernmental “Territorial Documents”, the Interreg programmes and their specific projects, and not least, the study of books, articles, and other documents and sources of interest for this topic. Interviews were made with people working at Swedish “Boverket”, Danish “By- og Landskabsstyrelsen” (BLST) and “Danske Regioner” (Danish Regions). Some of the main findings have been the different approaches among the Planning Authorities towards their potential leadership in the Interreg projects, the little time dedicated to the Interreg work in general at Swedish Boverket, and Boverket’s scarce intervention in the development-process of the EU Baltic Sea Strategy. On the Danish side there is very little priority given to the diffusion and transfer of knowledge, while in Sweden on the other hand, this is one of the main issues for all the authorities involved. The conclusion is that, even if Sweden and Denmark are close neighbours and are collaborating in many fields, there are some substantial differences in attitude and action towards their role as participators of the Transnational Interreg projects, differences which, if emphasised, could be useful knowledge for both parts in order to develop their own Interreg-work, responding to the growing interest of the EU in territorial concerns.m.bengtsson@tiscali.it
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Monteilhet, Véronique. "Les représentations sociales du monde balzacien dans ses adaptations filmiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF20009.
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Pourquoi Balzac, romancier français du 19e siècle, interpelle-t-il les réalisateurs français et étrangers depuis les débuts du cinéma ? Est-ce le monde imaginaire récréatif qu'il dépeint ou la représentation sociale réflexive et morale qui en découle qui intéressent ses adaptateurs ? Le personnage est le pivot de la critique des réalisateurs qui s'interrogent sur les comportements sociaux dans et hors de la sphère sociale. Ils exploitent tous les mécanismes de la mise en scène de la Société balzacienne : les représentations physiques et psychiques, les théories de la physiognomonie et du personnage-type, la peinture des désirs et des passions, etc. ; les thématiques balzaciennes participant à la représentation sociale, dont celle de l'enfer social ; le rôle et le fonctionnement des institutions religieuses, politiques, économiques, etc. ; les tonalités réaliste, parodique, comique et tragique de cette représentation ; l'espace et le temps dans lesquels prend place le jeu social ; la mise en scène des dialogues et des actions révélateurs de la problématique sociale fixée par les adaptateurs ; la place de l'histoire dans l'élaboration de la société balzacienne filmique. . .
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Seyboth, Elisa. "Padrão da ocupação da baleia-franca-austral (Eubalaena australis) em enseadas do litoral catarinense e influencia das anomalias climáticas em sua taxa de natalidade." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2013. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/4195.
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Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós–Graduação em Oceanografia Biológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2013.Submitted by Cristiane Gomides (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2013-11-19T11:38:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 elisa.pdf: 1223620 bytes, checksum: b663448fea1aa40da19e4272a5aab6d2 (MD5)
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A vulnerabilidade dos mamíferos marinhos a ameaças que comprometam a manutenção de suas populações é uma das razões que os levam a ser alvo de pesquisas que visam sua conservação. A baleia-franca-austral, Eubalaena australis, é uma dessas espécies, sendo que a caça foi uma forte ameaça a todas as suas populações. No Brasil, sua principal concentração reprodutiva ocorre no litoral de Santa Catarina, onde indivíduos da espécie são observados anualmente entre os meses de julho e novembro. Esses indivíduos pertencem a uma população compartilhada entre Brasil e Argentina e que se recupera a taxas significativas. Esforços vêm sendo realizados a fim de preservar essa importante área para a espécie, porém faz-se necessário um melhor conhecimento acerca do seu uso de habitat na região, bem como de fatores que podem influenciar a taxa relativa de nascimentos de indivíduos, a qual possui forte relação com a recuperação populacional. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi testar a influência de variáveis temporais e ambientais na distribuição da espécie no litoral sul de Santa Catarina e avaliar a influência de anomalias climáticas em sua taxa relativa de nascimentos através de Modelos Lineares Generalizados e correlação cruzada, respectivamente. Os resultados sugerem que tanto grupos de fêmeas com filhotes quanto de adultos desacompanhados preferem enseadas amplas, com declive suave e parecem evitar enseadas com grandes ângulos de inclinação quando ventos intensos da direção leste atuam sobre elas. O sucesso reprodutivo dos indivíduos parece influenciado por anomalias climáticas, relacionadas principalmente à temperatura superficial da água do mar, que afetam a disponibilidade de alimento em sua área de alimentação, no entorno das ilhas Geórgias do Sul.
Vulnerability to threats that can compromise population maintenance is one of the reasons why many marine mammal species are targeted for conservation research. The southern right whale, Eubalaena australis, is one such species, and hunting was a strong threat to all of their populations. On the Brazilian coast, its main reproductive site is located along the Santa Catarina State, where individuals of the species are observed annually between July and November. These individuals belong to a population shared between Brazil and Argentina, which recovers at significant rates. Efforts have been made to preserve this important area for the species, but the habitat use of right whales in the region needs to be better known, as well as factors that may be influencing their relative birth rates, which are strongly related to population recovery. The objective of this study was to test the influence of temporal and environmental variables on species distribution at the southern coast of Santa Catarina and whether climate anomalies influence their relative birth rate using Generalized Linear Models and cross correlation, respectively. Our results suggest that both cowcalf and unaccompanied adult groups prefer large bays with gentle slope and they seem to avoid bays with great inclination angles when strong east winds are acting on them. The reproductive success of individuals appears to be influenced by climate anomalies, mainly the ones related to sea surface temperature, which affect food availability on the species feeding area, in the vicinity of South Georgia Islands.
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Baltes, Pascal [Verfasser], Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Hirth, Hans [Gutachter] Hirth, and Dorothea [Gutachter] Kübler. "Investment banks and underpricing : the Influence of profit sharing agreements in a two-stage IPO signalling model / Pascal Baltes ; Gutachter: Hans Hirth, Dorothea Kübler ; Betreuer: Hans Hirth." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1169741967/34.
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Baltes, Pascal [Verfasser], Hans [Akademischer Betreuer] Hirth, Hans Gutachter] Hirth, and Dorothea [Gutachter] [Kübler. "Investment banks and underpricing : the Influence of profit sharing agreements in a two-stage IPO signalling model / Pascal Baltes ; Gutachter: Hans Hirth, Dorothea Kübler ; Betreuer: Hans Hirth." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2018102401584503123014.
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Lundqvist, Stefan. "Continuity and Change in post-Cold War Maritime Security : A Study of the Strategies Pursued by the US, Sweden and Finland 1991-2016." Doctoral thesis, Försvarshögskolan, Marinsektionen (Marin), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-7140.
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What explains continuity and change in post-Cold War maritime security strategies? What lessons can we learn from the employment of such comprehensive grand strategies in maritime regions where traditional and non-traditional threats converge? While many scholars have addressed particular maritime security issues, this author joins the few who engage themselves in the study of the conceptual development of maritime security. Through the lens of structural realism, this thesis examines the logic of the maritime security strategies employed in two distinguished regions by the US and EU member states Finland and Sweden. It concludes that while their maritime security concept remains broad, the recent increase in security pressure has renewed the priority assigned to the military sector of security. Navies are thus re-using the measures implemented by a broad set of civil agencies and the shipping industry to improve maritime security, to gain the level of maritime domain awareness required for establishing regional sea control and project power from the sea.Vad förklarar kontinuitet och förändring i staters maritima säkerhetsstrategier efter det kalla krigets slut? Vilka lärdomar kan vi dra av deras implementering av allomfattande säkerhetsstrategier i maritima regioner där traditionella och icke-traditionella hot sammanfaller? Medan många forskare valt att fokusera på specifika maritima säkerhetsproblem som piratverksamhet, terrorism eller smuggling av droger och människor, förenar denna avhandlings författare sig med det fåtal som engagerat sig i studiet av begreppet maritim säkerhets konceptuella utveckling. Genom en teoretisk lins av strukturell realism undersöker författaren av denna avhandling logiken bakom de maritima säkerhetsstrategier som implementerats av USA respektive EU-länderna Finland och Sverige i Ost- och Sydostasien samt i Östersjön. I avhandlingen dras slutsatsen att medan dessa staters maritima säkerhetskoncept permanent breddats till att omfatta hot inom olika säkerhetssektorer, innebär de senaste årens ökade säkerhetstryck att hot inom den militära säkerhetssektorn åter prioriteras. De undersökta staternas marinstridskrafter drar därmed nytta av den mångfald av maritima säkerhetsåtgärder som implementerats av civila myndigheter och sjöfartsindustrin i syfte att förbättra maritim säkerhet för handelssjöfart, främja miljöskydd och möjliggöra exploatering av maritima naturresurser, till att upprätta militär kontroll över viktiga havsområden samt projicera militär makt från havet.
Docent Steve Lindberg utgjorde min handledare vid Åbo Akademi till och med sin pensionering år 2016.
Professor Göran Djupsund utgjorde min handledare vid Åbo Akademi från och med 2016.
Professor Jerker Widén utgjorde min utsedde biträdande handledare vid Försvarshögskolan.
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Gendrel, Bernard. "Le roman de moeurs en France (1820-1855) : du roman historique au roman réaliste." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR2015.
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Après avoir distingué trois aspects explicatifs propres au roman (aspects psychologique, social ou romanesque) et défini, grâce à eux, trois types de romans (romans de caractères, de mœurs ou d’intrigue), ce travail s’intéresse plus particulièrement au roman de mœurs à l’époque de la Restauration et de la Monarchie de Juillet. Héritant de toute une tradition, ce genre s’illustre particulièrement dans le roman historique à la Walter Scott, puis dans le roman contemporain des physiologies. Balzac, d’abord influencé par le roman de mœurs en tant que tel, développe dans La Comédie humaine une forme hybride (mêlant aspects social et psychologique, roman de caractères et roman de mœurs), que l’on peut appeler roman réaliste (on y note un surinvestissement du vraisemblable romanesque). Cette définition du réalisme n’aplanit en rien les différences entre tel ou tel auteur ; elle permet, au contraire, de prendre la mesure des poétiques bien particulières développées par des romanciers comme Stendhal, George Sand ou ChampfleuryAfter having distinguished three explicative aspects of the novel (the psychological, social and plot-driven aspects) and defined three corresponding types of novels (novels of characters, manners and plot), this work focuses on the novel of manners during the Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy. Heir to quite an old tradition, this genre is at its peak with the Scottian historical novel and the novel of contemporary manners of the 1820’s. Balzac, first influenced by the novel of manners, develops in The Human Comedy a hybrid form (combining social and psychological aspects, novel of characters and novel of manners), which we may call the realistic novel (characterized by an overloading of verisimilitude). This definition of realism does not erase the differences between the authors; it allows, on the contrary, to appreciate the specific poetics developed by Stendhal, George Sand or Champfleury
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Seymour, John. "Syncretisms for wind quintet and percussion: A study in combining organizational principles from Southeast Asian music with western stylistic elements." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2008. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc6055/.
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Syncretisms is an original composition scored for flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, bassoon, and marimba (2-mallet minimum, 4 recommended) with an optional percussion part requiring glockenspiel and chimes, and has an approximate duration of 6 min. 45. sec. The composition combines modern western tuning, timbre, and harmonic language with organizational principles identified in music from Southeast Asia (including music from cultures found in Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, and Indonesia). The accompanying paper describes each of these organizational principles, drawing on the work of scholars who have performed fieldwork, and describes the way in which each principle was employed in Syncretisms. The conclusion speculates on a method for comparing musical organizational systems cross-culturally.
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Blanc, Philippe. "La Grande-Bretagne, le Nord et la Baltique du milieu du XIXe siècle jusqu'à la Première Guerre mondiale : des relations et un regard en évolution." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG037.
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Au milieu du XIXe siècle, la zone baltique est considérée par les Britanniques comme une périphérie lointaine et sous-développée, malgré l’existence de relations privilégiées liées à l’aura romantique de la Scandinavie, à l’importance économique de la région en tant que fournisseur de matières premières essentielles, et à sa position géographique, proche du rival russe du Grand Jeu. Au vu de ce lien particulier, du potentiel socioéconomique des pays nordiques, et de la nécessité de multiplier les débouchés commerciaux, les différents acteurs britanniques espèrent, après l’avènement du libéralisme, participer au développement de la région, et même en bénéficier sur le plan économique. Cependant, si la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle voit effectivement de nombreux Britanniques, marchands, entrepreneurs, capitalistes, ou ingénieurs, contribuer activement à l’essor et à la modernisation des régions baltiques, les évolutions diplomatiques et économiques, marquées essentiellement par la montée en puissance de l’Allemagne, une stabilisation des relations avec la Russie et une balance commerciale obstinément déficitaire, conduisent la Grande-Bretagne à repenser son rôle régional en permanence jusqu’aux tensions internationales du début du XXe siècleBy the middle of the 19th century, the Baltic area is regarded by the British as a far-off, underdeveloped periphery, although there exist privileged relationships linked to the romantic attraction of Scandinavia, the economic importance of the region as supplier of essential raw materials and its geographical location in the vicinity of the Russian rival of the Great Game. Considering this special link, the socio-economic potential of the Nordic countries, and the necessity to multiply Britain’s commercial outlets, the various British actors hope, after the advent of liberalism, to participate in the region’s development, and even benefit from it at economic level. Yet, if, during the second half of the nineteenth century, many British merchants, entrepreneurs, capitalists or engineers do take an active part in the takeoff and modernisation of the Baltic regions, diplomatic and economic developments, whose main features are a rising Germany, more stable relations with Russia, and a stubbornly negative trade balance, lead Britain to continually reconsider its regional role until the international tensions of the early twentieth century
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Ibenthal, Miriam. "Marine and terrestrial influence on submarine groundwater discharge in coastal waters connected to a peatland." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-13C2-A.
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Garstecki, Tobias [Verfasser]. "The microbial food web of the coastal southern Baltic Sea as influenced by wind-induced sediment resuspension / vorgelegt von Tobias Garstecki." 2001. http://d-nb.info/962769282/34.
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Lenz, Mark [Verfasser]. "An experimental test of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis : influence of two disturbance types on the structure of established Western Baltic fouling communities / vorgelegt von Mark Lenz." 2003. http://d-nb.info/972055681/34.
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Möllmann, Christian [Verfasser]. "The influence of hydrography and predation by herring (Clupea harengus) and sprat (Sprattus sprattus) on mesozooplankton long-term dynamics in the Central Baltic Sea / vorgelegt von Christian Möllmann." 2001. http://d-nb.info/972088571/34.
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Barz, Kristina [Verfasser]. "Influence of pelagic invertebrate predators on the zooplankton in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea = Einfluss pelagischer wirbelloser Räuber auf das Zooplankton der Ost- und Nordsee / Kristina Barz." 2006. http://d-nb.info/98066831X/34.
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Blackburn, Patricia. "La technique physiognomonique de J.K. Lavater et son influence sur le personnage de roman." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1256/1/M10278.pdf.
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Le traité de physiognomonie de J. K. Lavater, L'Art de connaître les hommes par la physionomie, publié en 1775-78, aura un impact significatif sur la technique du portrait dans le roman européen à partir de 1790 environ jusqu'à la fin de la première moitié du XIXe siècle. Plusieurs écrivains se réfèreront à la méthode de lecture et de classement des signes établie dans cet ouvrage pour décrire leurs personnages. C'est sur ce lien étroit qui s'installe entre le roman et la physiognomonie que nous destinons ce mémoire en tentant de comprendre, d'un premier côté, comment le système développé par Lavater rejoint les nécessités organisationnelles du roman et, d'un second côté, comment les écrivains donneront aux théories une nouvelle forme de développement qui survivra à la discipline elle-même. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuierons principalement sur l'oeuvre de Balzac, considéré comme l'écrivain de la génération de 1830 qui s'est référé le plus souvent et le plus ouvertement aux théories de Lavater. Dans La Théorie de la démarche par exemple, il reprend littéralement un fragment du traité pour structurer un système sémiotique qui convient au cadre fictif du roman et à un objectif d'analyse sociale. Grâce à la relation que le récit permet d'établir entre le portrait et l'histoire, nous pourrons aussi voir comment Balzac parvient à exploiter le plein potentiel de la technique du portrait établie par Lavater, et comment cette exploitation témoigne du changement qu'aura pu entraîner la physiognomonie sur le mode de construction du personnage dans le roman de cette période. Une telle étude suppose que l'on retourne d'abord aux origines antiques de la discipline physiognomonique afin de comprendre pourquoi et comment J. K. Lavater réactive cette ancienne technique médicale dans un contexte où la rationalité scientifique domine. Pour ce faire, nous devrons réfléchir les différents facteurs qui ont entraîné, à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, un changement de rapport au corps, que ce soit dans le domaine de la science (l'avènement de l'électricité, le développement de la médecine physiologique, le développement des systèmes de classification dans les sciences de la nature) ou dans le contexte politique et social (la Révolution et la naissance des grandes villes). Nous pourrons ensuite montrer comment ce contexte favorisera un rapport plus étroit entre l'art et la science, et par là même, une appropriation, par plusieurs écrivains, des techniques scientifiques pour décrire leurs personnages. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Physiognomonie, Personnage, Sémiotique, Description portrait.