Academic literature on the topic 'Bambara ground'

A 3-factor -factorial experiment (2K) was designed to produce fish feeds from mixture of pigeon pea, bambara groundnut and fish meal as major ingredients, while maize, red palm oil, salt and micro nutrient pre-mix were added as minor ingredients. The raw materials were processed into flours. The ingredients were weighed out in various ratios and mixed. The mixture was extruded; sun-dried and packaged and labeled F1-F8 and a commercial feed labeled F9 served as control. The feeds were feed to juvenile Clariasgariepinus kept in 9 separate plastic bowels and fed for 42 days. The forty-five fish of uniform weight and age were grouped into 9 and stocked in the nine artificial ponds, each pond contained five fish. The feeds were analyzed for proximate composition, while the growth performance of the fish was evaluated at the end of the feeding period. Result showed that F3 (20g pigeon pea, 20g Bambara ground nut and 16g fish meal) contains the highest protein (33.14 %) and F1(20g pigeon pea, 30g bambara ground nut and 16g fish meal) the least (23.13 %). F3 exhibited the highest specific growth rate (1.14 %) followed by the F9 (control) which contains 1.09%. The highest weight gain (16 g) was observed in the fish fed the control feed. However, F3 and F4 (20g pigeon pea, 30g bambara ground nut and 18g fish meal) ranked next to the control with respect to growth performance. It is therefore possible to produce quality catfish feed from bend of pigeon pea, Bambara ground nut and fish meal. Keywords: catfish, fish feed, bambara groundnut, pigeon pea, fish meal

The effect of feeding graded levels of toasted banban ground out meal on rabbit weaners was investigated. A total of fifty white rabbit weaners of 6 - 8 weeks with an average weight of 366,7 gwere fed the graded level of tested bambara nut meal at 0. 5, 15, 25 or 35% inclusion level in a complete randomized design experiment for a period of six week. The final live weight, daily feed intake were not influcticed (P>0.05) by the level of bambara nut meal in the diet. However, positive influence of the graded level of bambara nut meal was observed on the rabbit daily weight gain, feed efficiency dressed carcass, dressing percentage and ment: bone ratjo. Rabbits on the 25 and 15% bambara nut inclusion levels were found to have similar (P>0.05) daily weight gain and dressing percentage with the control ration. Rabbit on the 5% bambara nut level diet had the least feed efficiency (0.22) and meat: bone ratio (3.6), while the dressed weights of rabbit fed the diet containing 25% bambara nut meal had the highest dressed carcass weight (501.6g). Rabbits' carcass cut-up parts as well as internal organs (liver, heart, kidneys and lungs) were not influenced by the dietary levels of bambara nut meal. But the pelt weight, empty gut weight, lipid and moisture contents were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the levels of bambara nut meal in the diet.

<p>Morphological field evaluation to characterize the phenotypical features of 33 Bambara groundnut accessions was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of Department of Crop Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State; Nigeria. Qualitative morphological descriptors showed a varying degree of variation across the Bambara groundnut collections evaluated. In relation to other descriptors, ground colour of eye displayed the highest range of variation, while eye pattern of the accessions recorded the least discriminating feature. The accessions were resolved into five groups based on similarities on morphological characters and not on geographical place of origin.</p><p><span><br /></span></p>

In this experiment, proximal measurements and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery was used to determine growth stages for bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.). The crop is a high potential crop due to its ability to yield in marginal environments, but neglected and underutilised due to lack of information on its growth in different environments. This study evaluated the correlation between Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from the ground as well as airborne sensors to test the ability of remotely sensed data to identify growth stages. NDVI and chlorophyll content of bambara groundnut leaves were measured at ground level at 18, 32, 46 and 88 days after planting (DAP) comprising vegetative, flowering, pod formation and maturity growth stages. The UAV imagery for the experimental plots was acquired with 0.2m resolution at maturity. The result showed a significant (p &lt; 0.05) linear relationship between proximal NDVI and chlorophylls content at all growth stages ofgrowth. The R2 varied from 0.57 in the vegetative stage to 0.78 in the flowering stage. Furthermore, NDVI derived from proximal measurements and UAV data showed a significant (p &lt; 0.05) correlation. The observed high correlation between proximal sensors, UAV data and crop parameters suggest that remote sensing technologies can be used for rapid phenotyping to hasten the development of models to assess the performance of underutilised crops for food and nutrition security.

Carbonized Bambara GroundNut Shell (CBGNS) was used as adsorbent for the adsorption of paraquat dichloride (PQ) from aqueous solution. The prepared adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy methods. Several parameters that might affect the adsorption process including pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, temperature and initial concentration were investigated and optimized using batch adsorption technique. Results of the study revealed that maximum removal efficiency (98%) was achieved using 0.05g adsorbent dosage, solution pH of 5 and 60 min of contact time. The equilibrium experimental result revealed that Langmuir model best described the adsorption process with R2 value of 0.956.The heat of adsorption process was estimated from Temkin Isotherm model to be 19.99J/mol and the mean free energy was estimated from Duninin-Radushkevich (DRK) isotherm model to be 0.289KJ/mol indicating chemisorptions process. The kinetic and thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption processes followed pseudo-second-order kinetics with R2 value of 0.999 and the value of ∆G (- 27.74 kJ mol-1), ∆H (13.145 kJ mol-1) indicate the spontaneous and endothermic nature of PQ adsorption on CBGNS. The results suggested that CBGNS had the potential to become a promising material for PQ contaminated water treatment. Keywords: Adsorption, Paraquat dichloride, Carbonized Bambara Ground nut shell, Water treatment.

Bambara groundnut (BG) is a protein and energy-rich legume crop of African origin with the potential to contribute to food and nutrition security. There is limited information on seed man­agement and quality of farmer saved seed of BG in Uganda. This study was conducted to inves­tigate seed management practices and evaluate the quality of farmer saved seed from Uganda. Four hundred BG farmers were chosen using purposive sampling and information gathered on their seed management. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview the farm­ers. Seed colour and size determination, standard germination and electrical conductivity tests were done on seed samples collected from farmers. Results from survey revealed that farmers recycled seeds for more than 4 years (39.2%) and maintained mostly single landraces (52.5%). Seed was sun-dried on the ground (81%), stored in gunny bags (93.5%), and threshed mostly by hand (52.0%). Collected landraces had varied seed coat colours and significantly differed at p = 0.05 in their seed sizes, final germination percentage (FGP), electrical conductivity (EC), germination velocity index and seedling vigour index II (SVI-II). Local Bam landrace recorded highest SVI-II (485.3) and EC (0.52MSg-1) while TVSU 688 landrace recorded the highest FGP (96.0%) and lowest EC (0.06MSg-1).

The lignin, cellulose and nutrient deposition of litters were assessed in four 0.06 ha plots of Bambusa vulgaris stands in a regenerating forest in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 35 years after ground fire, with a view to providing information on these parameters which are generally lacking in the forest ecosystem. The collected litters were sorted into leaves and twigs, oven-dried at 70 °C to a constant weight, ground and analysed for lignin, cellulose and nutrients. The total lignin and cellulose content in the litters showed significant (p≤0.05) monthly variation. There was no significant (p ≥ 0.05) difference in the monthly nutrient deposition of Na, Mg, K, Fe, N, P, Mn, Zn and Cu, but there was significant difference in the monthly nutrient deposition of C and Ca through the litter fall fraction (p ≤ 0.05) in the bamboo stands in the secondary rainforest. The depositions of C, N, Ca, Mg and Cu were higher in the bamboo stands but lower in Na, Mn and Zn deposition in 1990 and 2013 studies. The bamboo stands contributed significantly to the carbon sequestration, nutrient dynamics and regeneration status of the forest.

Similar to the uses of default discourse markers such as ‘well’, ‘you know’ and ‘I mean’, instances of ‘it depends’ and ‘ça dépend’ can be attested in which the speaker’s intersubjective positioning seems to be the main motivation behind their use (Moissinac and Bamberg 2004). In this paper we explore the systematicity and frequency of such examples in both French and English based on extensive contextualised corpus-based analysis. In particular, we will focus on their functional and formal features and attest to what extent they can be diagnosed as representative of ongoing intersubjectification processes. In doing so, we will trace differences and similarities between the two languages. The study shows that there is indeed fertile ground for such expressions to develop in the direction of discourse markers and that they evolve at slightly different paces in both languages.

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Outra
Com a necessidade de buscar espécies florestais mais eficientes na utilização dos recursos naturais como luz, água e nutrientes, o que pode possibilitar um incremento da biomassa da parte aérea, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de quantificar as taxas de crescimento, eficiência da utilização da luz, água e nutrientes de florestas energéticas sob mesmas condições de solo, altitude e manejo. Foram utilizados plantios adensados de Bambusa vulgaris, híbrido espontâneo de Eucalyptus urophylla – clone AEC-144, híbrido interespecífico de Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla - clone LW07 e Salix nigra. A determinação da produtividade primária líquida do tronco (PPLT), eficiência do uso da luz (EUL), eficiência do uso da água (EUA) foram obtidas através de acompanhamentos mensais e individuais em 15 plantas por espécie, no período de 12 meses. Foi obtido dados de: diâmetro e altura total das plantas, e posteriormente, taxa fotossintética (A), taxa transpiratória (E) e condutância estomática (gs). Foi realizada ainda a determinação do índice de vegetação e a coleta de amostras para determinação de macro e micronutrientes em laboratório. A espécie B. vulgaris apresentou o maior valor de biomassa por planta e, consequentemente, os maiores incrementos em matéria seca por planta (8,07 kg pl-1 e 1,56 kg pl-1 ano-1, respectivamente), no entanto, observou-se que clone de E. urophylla AEC-144 obteve maior eficiência no uso da luz por área (1,80 g MJ-1) e maior eficiência intrínseca no uso da água (68,09 μmol CO2 mol H2O-1). Em relação à eficiência do uso da água, o clone E. grandis × E. urophylla - LW07 apresentou o maior valor (4,93 μmol CO2 mol H2O-1). Nota-se que houve diferença em relação ao acúmulo de nutrientes entre as espécies estudadas, sendo que os maiores valores obtidos foi observado em B. vulgaris.
In the search for forest species more efficient in the use of resources (light, water and nutrients) to increase aerial biomass, this study aimed to quantify the growth, light, water and nutrients use efficiency of short rotation plantations under the same conditions of soil altitude and management of Bambusa vulgaris, the spontaneous hybrid of Eucalyptus urophylla - clone AEC-144, interspecific hybrid of Eucalyptus grandis × Eucalyptus urophylla - clone LW07 and Salix nigra. To determine truck net primary productivity trunk (TNPP), light use efficiency (LUE) and water use efficiency (WUE), 15 plants per treatment were monitored monthly for 12 months. Plants diameter and total height were collected, as well as photosynthetic rate (A), transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (gs), using infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) (LI-COR 6400). Vegetation index was also obtained using AccuPAR (LP-80) ceptometer and were collected samples for determination of macro and micronutrients in the laboratory. Bambusa vulgaris was the species that obtained the highest biomass per plant ratio and consequently higher net primary productivity (8.07 kg pl-1 and 1.56 kg pl-1 year-1, respectively), however, clone AEC-144 showed higher light use efficiency per area (1.80 g MJ-1) and higher intrinsic water use efficiency (68.09 μmol CO2 mol H2O-1). Clone LW07 obtained the highest value (4.93 μmol CO2 mol H2O-1) of instantaneous water use efficiency, when compared to other species. There was a difference in nutrient accumulation between species, and the highest values were observed in Bambusa vulgaris.

MSCFST
Department of Science and Technology
Heat-moisture treatment (HMT) is a physical modification that alters the physicochemical properties of starch without changing its molecular structure. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of HMT on the functional, colour and thermal properties of bambara groundnut (BG) starch. A central composite rotatable design comprising two independent factors (temperature and time) was used for the study. The central composite rotatable design was generated using Design-Expert software version 8.0.1.0. Bambara starch extraction was done by milling BG into flour (5 Kg), suspension in 15 L, 0.3% sodium hydroxide and centrifugation followed by washing using distilled water. The starch was then HMT treated in an air oven at 80 - 120 °C for 30 - 90 min under 15 % moisture content (MC) (HMT 15), 25% MC (HMT 25) and 35% MC (HMT 35). The highest L* and WI values for HMT treated BG starch were observed at HMT 80 °C for 30 min under 15% MC; 100 °C for 60 min (25% MC); and 100 °C for 17.57 min (35% MC) while the lowest was observed in HMT 100 °C for 102.43 min (15% MC); 120 °C for 90 min (25% MC); and 120 °C for 90 min (35% MC). In HMT 15-BG starch, the gelatinisation parameters onset (To), peak (Tp) and concluding temperature (Tc) of the samples decreased as treatment time and temperature increased whereas gelatinisation enthalpy of BG starch increased with increase in HMT treatment temperature and time. In HMT 25-BG starch Tp, and gelatinisation enthalpy of the starch increased with increase in HMT treatment temperature and time. While in HMT 35-BG starch, To, Tp, Tc and gelatinisation enthalpy of the starches decreased with increase in HMT treatment temperature and time. In HMT 15-BG starch, the water absorption capacity (WAC), solubility and swelling power (SP) decreased as treatment time and temperature increased while oil absorption capacity (OAC) of the starch increased with increase in HMT treatment temperature and time. In terms of HMT 25-BG starch, the WAC and OAC increased as HMT treatment time and temperature increased while SP and solubility of the starch decreased with increase in HMT treatment temperature and time. In HMT 35-BG starch, OAC, solubility and SP decreased as treatment time and temperature increased while WAC of the starch increased with increase in HMT treatment temperature and time. The optimum HMT conditions for BG starch were found to be 80 °C for 30 min (HMT 15), 105.74 °C for 30 min (HMT 25), and 113.16 °C for 30 min (HMT 35). Desirability of the obtained optimum conditions were 0.63 (HMT 15), 0.56 (HMT 25) and 0.64 (HMT 35). Information obtained from scanning electron micrograph indicates oval and round shape for bambara starch granules, with varying sizes. The range of the granule size width was 4.2 – 4.7 mm and 10 μm for length. The modified starches showed some changes in granule morphology as they seem to disintegrate with application of HMT. Unmodified and HMT - BG starches showed characteristic FTIR bands linked with common starches. All the samples displayed complex vibrations in the region below 1000 cm-1 due to the skeletal vibrations of the glucose pyranose ring. Statistical analysis on colour, thermal and functional properties of HMT 15-BG, HMT 25-BG and HMT 35-BG starch showed that effects of temperature and treatment time had no significant (p ≥ 0.05) effect on these properties of HMT-BG starch. However, treatment time had a significant linear effect (p ≤ 0.05) on swelling power, for HMT 15-BG starch. In HMT 35-BG starch, WAC was significantly affected by quadratic effect of temperature and time while solubility was significantly affected by linear effect of time and quadratic effect of temperature.
NRF

German text
In dieser Forschungsarbeit wird die Glaubenspraxis von Studierenden empirisch-theologisch auf Aspekte von Mission untersucht um heraus zu finden, inwiefern ein Zusammenhang zwischen gelebter Jüngerschaft und dem subjektiven, laientheologischen Verständnis von Mission besteht. Dazu wurden mittels qualitativer Interviews Studierende aus den drei christlichen Hochschulgruppen Bambergs (Studentenmission Deutschland, Evangelischen Studierendengemeinde und Katholischen Hochschulgemeinde) zu ihrer Glaubenspraxis und ihrem Glaubensverständnis befragt. Auf Basis der Grounded Theory wurden die Daten ausgewertet, in verschiedene Dimensionen des Glaubens eingeordnet und vor dem Hintergrund missionstheologischer Aspekte eines ganzheitlichen Verständnisses von Mission interpretiert. Auf dieser Grundlage konnten Schlussfolgerungen zum laientheologischen Verständnis von Mission bei christlichen Studierenden gezogen werden. Diese empirisch-theologische Arbeit zielt darauf, den Diskurs über ganzheitliche Mission im studentischen Kontext anzuregen, sowie konkrete Hilfestellungen zur Überwindung der Diskrepanz zwischen wissenschaftlicher und Laientheologie im studentischen Kontext bzw. der Arbeit in den Hochschulgruppen zu erarbeiten.
In this research study, the faith praxis of students is examined according to empiricaltheological principles for aspects of mission in order to ascertain potential connections between discipliship in practice and the subjective, lay theological understanding of mission. For this purpose, students from the three Christian groups at Bamberg University, the International Fellowship of Evangelical Students in Germany (Studentenmission Deutschland), and the Evangelical and Catholic student communities (Evangelische Studierendengemeinde and Katholische Hochschulgemeinde), were asked to participate in qualitative interviews about their faith praxis and their understanding of the faith. The data collected were evaluated using Grounded Theory, classified into diverse categories of faith dimensions and interpreted with a view towards a wholistic understanding of mission incorporating mission theology. On this basis, conclusions about the lay theological understanding of mission among Christian students could be drawn. This empirical-theological study aims to stimulate the debate about wholistic mission within the context of students, as well as develop guidelines to overcome the discrepancy between academic and lay theology and between the ministry of respective student groups
Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology
M. Th. (Missiology)