Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Bambous – Matériaux – Propriétés physico-chimiques'
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He, Qian. "Étude sur le mécanisme d'activation du bois/bambou/adhésif et amélioration du collage induit par le champ électrique à haute tension." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0147.
Full textIn this study, the advanced equipments were selected in order to investigate the effects of HVEF on the physicochemical properties of wood and bamboo, the effects of HVEF on the chemical structure and rheological properties of adhesives under a series of HVEF parameters. The aggregation effect of adhesive at bonding interface induced by HVEF has also been revealed and the micro-mechanical prediction model is established.The main conclusions of this study are as follows:1.After HVEF treatment, the surface activity of wood and bamboo increased significantly. Moreover, with the increase of voltage/time, the surface free radicals, O/C ratio and the number of oxygen groups increased significantly while the contact angle decreased. Under the condition of 60kV, the surface activity highly increased. The increment of free radicals was 26%, the decrease of initial contact angle was 22%, the decrease of equilibrium contact angle was 23%, the increment of free energy component was 43% ~ 75%, the increment of O/C ratio was 34%, the increment of oxygen-containing groups were 39% (C‒OH), 149% (C‒O or C=O) and 97% (O‒C=O), respectively. Therefore, under HVEF treatment, the physical and chemical properties of wood and bamboo can be significantly improved, which is conducive to improving the interphase properties of composite materials.2.With the increase of voltage/time, significantly improved inter-molecular reactions of urea formaldehyde resin and phenol formaldehyde resin were obtained. After 60kV/8 min treatment, significant increment of the characteristic peaks of C‒O groups were obtained. Under HVEF treatment, the temperature/frequency dependence of the rheological behaviors of the two resins changed significantly. Therefore, the degree of inter-molecular polymerization of phenol formaldehyde and urea formaldehyde resin can be significantly improved and the viscoelasticity of the resin can be improved under HVEF treatment.3.After HVEF treatment, the distribution of adhesive at the bonding interphase was continuous and uniform. The penetration depth was significantly reduced. The density and bonding strength at the bonding interphase were significantly increased, and the delamination rate was reduced. After treatment, the maximal density at interphase is 1081 kg/m3, which was 32% higher than the control. The bonding strength increased from 0.66MPa to 1.25MPa and the wood breaking rate increased to 85%, and the delamination rate decreased to 5.97%. For bamboo material, the bonding strength was significantly improved after HVEF treatment. The bonding strength of bamboo skin and bamboo skin was 9.51MPa, and the bamboo failure ratio was 60%. In the combination of bamboo pith and bamboo pith, the maximum bamboo failure ratio was 85%, which was increased by 70%. Therefore, under HVEF treatment, the continuous and uniform distribution of bonding interphase adhesives can be obtained, which can significantly improve the bonding performance of wood bamboo composite, and is conducive to the efficient utilization of wood bamboo composite.4. According to the vertical density profile at the bonding interface, the laminated stiffness and stress distribution model of the bonding interface has been established. The results showed that the relative error was less than ±15%. Based on the distribution model, the macroscopic mechanical properties of composite are predicted with the combination of composite mechanics and laminated plate theory, including elastic modulus, bending strength, shear modulus and shear strength. The results showed that the prediction error of mechanical properties is less than 30%. With the stiffness and strength distribution model, the effect of HVEF treatment can be quantitatively characterized and the mechanical properties of HVEF treated composites can be predicted. As a result, strengthening mechanism of bonding interphase can be revealed with the the stiffness and strength distribution model
De, Viguerie Laurence. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et caractérisation des matériaux du ‘sfumato'." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544509.
Full textGaillac, Romain. "Modélisation moléculaire des propriétés physico-chimiques de matériaux microporeux." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEC005.
Full textDuring this PhD, we perform studies based on numerical simulation (Ab initio molecular dynamics for instance) of physico-chemical properties for crystalline adsorbents industrially used, like zeolites,or could be used someday, like hybrid materials or MOFs (Metal–Organic Frameworks). We are primarily interested in adsorption properties of molecular fluids and their mixtures but also in the mechanical and thermal behaviors of nanoporous solids. The aim is to reveal relationships between molecular structures and properties, via multiscale modeling, to construct a rational design approach for such materials
Viguerie, Laurence de. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et caractérisation des matériaux du sfumato." Paris 6, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544509.
Full textVerbois, Agnès. "Elaboration d'une nouvelle gamme de matériaux élastomères thermoplastiques par réticulation dynamique (TPE-V) au cours d'une opération d'extrusion." Saint-Etienne, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STET4001.
Full textThe aim of this work is to elaborate a new range of thermoplastic elastomer vulcanizates (TPE-V) by reactive extrusion. TPE-V are elaborated by the process of dynamic vulcanization. By definition dynamic vulcanization consists of vulcanizing an elastomer (in major phase) during its melt mixing with a thermoplastic resin (in minor phase), which results in a final morphology of the material TPE-V where the fully vulcanized elastomer is finely dispersed in the thermoplastic matrix. . . [etc. ]
Kikouama, Odilon. "Propriétés physico-chimiques d'associations matériaux argileux - oligoéléments : formulation et propectives prophylactiques." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA114815.
Full textClay is natural raw material essentially composed of clayey minerals and which can contain some trace elements likely to participate in the treatment of some affections. The mineralogical composition of seven clay samples taken in Côte d'Ivoire, Guinée, Sénégal, has been determined by several methods of analysis (DRX,FT-IR, ATD, ATG, DSC, ICP). The predominant mineral is kaolinite (Si2Al2O5(OH)4; 47 to 72% in mass). The microbiological control of three among them indicates that they don't present any risk in accordance with the microbiological requirements specified in the monograph of the pharmacopeia european (5. 05). The kinetic study of the release of some trave elements (Cu2+, Zn2+: ICP; Fe2+, Fe3+: spectrophotometry) and of the essential elements (Ca2+, Mg2+: Ionic chromatography) in physico-chemically simulated physiological mediums (MPS: "Mouth, stomach, intestine"; pH, T°, electrolyte) shows that this one is fast (approximately 15min) and is done preferentially in the stomach medium because of its acidity. This release is also done because to the presence of the Na+ ion in the MPS, which replaces the various cations because of the proximity of their ionic rays. We conceived pellets (by extrusion-spheronization) floating in the gastric medium from one of the studied varieties, of polymeric (HPMC, PVP, Eudragit® 30 D) and minerals binders (NaHCO3, Talc). The results obtained show that the pellets have a time of buoyancy of 5 and quantitatively improve the release of the trace elements: Fe2+ (95%), Fe3+ (70%), Zn2+ (60%) versus 40% of Fe2+ and Zn2+; 30% of Fe3+ for the raw clay
Robira, Maxime. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et comportement différé des matériaux cimentaires sous irradiations gamma." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IMTA0115/document.
Full textThe project of Centre Industriel de stockage Géologique or CIGEO supported by Andra (French Agency for Radioactive Waste Management) will allow storing intermediate level and high-level wastes 500 meters deep inconcrete galleries built in an impermeable argillaceous rock. The main objective of this study is to understand the effects of lower dose rate external gamma irradiations on the physical-chemical and hydro-thermo-mechanical behavior of concrete which could be used in the CIGEO structures and elements. A multiscale and multi-physics experimental protocol has been established during this PhD work. Mortar and cement paste specimens have been irradiated in a gamma irradiator (E = 0.667 MeV,LET = 0.23 keV.μm-1) and subsequently subjected to bending and compressive mechanical stress tests. These irradiations have been performed at the ARRONAX cyclotron facility (Saint-Herblain, France). The variations of compressive and bending strength after irradiation have been measured for different materials (humid, dried and carbonated mortar and cement pastes) showing a high decrease of mechanicals properties. Mechanical variations have been explained by the study of physical-chemical evolution of calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H), the major phase composing the concrete which can be modified under gamma radiation. Microscopic and macroscopic results were successfully compared to explain the evolution of the cementitious materials under low doserate of gamma radiation
Belaidi, Maafa Dahbia. "Etude par chromatographie inverse des propriétés superficielles physico-chimiques de matériaux carbonés." Mulhouse, 2006. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/opac/resource/etude-par-chromatographie-inverse-des-proprietes-superficielles-physicochimiques-de-materiaux-carbon/BUS4081401.
Full textMy work of thesis had for objective to characterize the superficial physicochemical properties of carbon materials used inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and inverse liquid chromatography (ILC) techniques. These methods were applied to three types of carbon materials: - milled graphites which were obtained by milling with high energy in a Fritsch planetary mill "Pulveriset 5", from a commercial graphite of weak specific surface which was milled for 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours. These milled graphites, serve us as reference solid, in agreement with the approach already recommended by Santini. - Carbon Blacks. Two blacks' types were retained: Industrial carbon blacks. Carbon blacks of recuperation obtained by pyrolysis of pneumatic at ambient pressure. - nanotubes of carbon, got by the company ARKEMA. In the first part, generality of the carbon materials are called back as well as the bases of the analysis of the superficial properties of a solid by the inverse gas chromatography techniques. The used experimental conditions are described. Then these materials are examined by having appeal to the IGC at infinite dilution ( IGC-ID) which delivers information concerning the energy of surface of the studied solid and the IGC at finite concentration (IGC-FC) who gives access to the isotherms of desorption of the molecule probes. A particular attention brought to the estimation of the energy heterogeneousness of their surfaces in terms of distribution functions of the energies of adsorption of an apolar probe n-heptane and the polar probes- isopropanol and the pyridine-. She also allows by comparison of the fonction of experimental distribution with that characteristic of a homogeneous solid to characterize the surface studied by means of an indication of heterogeneousness which is invalid if the surface is homogeneous. Concerning graphite's, it is shown by IGC-ID that the milling of graphites leads the formation of sites of high energy which play an important role in certain applications as the reinforcement of elastomers and an increase of the characteristic superficial nano-roughness of the side surfaces of solids lamellaires. The standards carbon blacks present characteristic in IGC-ID, close relations of those of the graphites of weak surfaces specific. Also the carbon of recuperation present nearby characteristics of those of the standard blacks from the point of view of the dispersives interactions and of the nanomorphology. But, the presence of impurities under the chape of zinc oxide and silica confers them a superior specific potential of interaction. The IGC-FC cornes to confirm and to complete the results obtained by the IGC-ID. The distribution functions of graphites indeed confirm the increase of the number of these sites of high energy according to time of milling. The study of nanotubes by IGC in shown that the distribution functions obtained with the heptane as the probe, are vert' sharply bimodales. If the position of the peak with Iow energy is stable of a sample has the other and nearby of that of the saine peak in the case of graphites, on the other hand, the position of the peak with high energy is very dependent on the sample. This position is credibly connected to the diarneter of the central channel. This hypothesis is in the course of evaluation. The second part is devolved to the feasibility of the study of the adsorption of the iodine in the potassium iodide solution used the inverse liquid chromatography ( ILC). Having reviewed the literature concerning the adsorption of the iodine in aqueous phase on carbons and describes the analysis of surface by ILC, we describe the experimental protocol, the use of a corrosive eluant (the potassium iodide) and the injection of a crenel of a solution of iodine which lifts numerous problems which we were able tb resolve. This indthbd wâs able to be successfully applied to sonie carbon blacks. She allows on one hand to determine the part of the irreversible and reversible adsorption by comparison of the adsorption and desorption areas, and on the other hand to reach the isotherm of desorption and there, to an evaluation of the heterogeneousness of surface. In conclusion, this study allowed us to combine numerous information on the superficial properties of diverse carbons: graphites, carbon blacks and nanotubes. Their comparison allowed us to advance in the understanding of their relative superficial properties in particular for the carbon nanotubes
Rolland, Leslie. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de capsules d'hydrogel à coeur liquide." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919083.
Full textKerbadou, Farid. "Mise en forme et propriétés physico-chimiques de fenêtres PbF2 pour l'optique infrarouge." Montpellier 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON20119.
Full textLefèvre, Gauthier. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de nouveaux matériaux en couches minces pour le stockage d'hydrogène." Thesis, Artois, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ARTO0406.
Full textHydrogen storage is probably the last lock facing the development of fuel cells system.Hydrogen is a non-harmful, non-polluting that can be used as an energy vector, allowing to produce fossil fuel free electricity efficiently and releasing only water.It could trigger the next technological and green revolution, marking the end of environmental concerns related to energy.Hydrogen is the most energetic gas. These double-edged caracteristics makes it attractive and unsafe at the same time. Solid state storage can be seen as a solution in spite of a moderate hydrogen uptake and a poor desorption process.In this context, research of new materials with enhanced physico-chemical properties is desirable and represent the aim of this work.This thesis is an investigation study. On the one hand, with the help of efficient theoretical structural prediction systems, an exploration of the infinite possibilities offered by metal alloys has been performed. On the other hand, pulsed laser deposition of metal thin films has been implemented to make use of its benefits.The present theoretical study has highlighted the influence of external strains on stability and emergence of alloys in numerous binary systems. In addition, a search for potential hydrides was carried out. Informations obtained are encouraging the use of similar prediction schemes in order to identify new systems.From metallic thin films made by pulsed laser ablation, deposition difficulties and disparities in procedures have been put forward. Nonetheless, singular morphologies have been achieved by this process, opening new insights for designing novel materials
Stoeckel, Marc-Antoine. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et électroniques des interfaces supramoléculaires hybrides." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF002/document.
Full textThe work realized during this thesis was oriented toward the comprehension of the charge transport mechanism involved in organic electronics, and on the engineering of the semiconducting properties of hybrid supramolecular interfaces. Firstly, the intrinsic origin of the charge transport properties was studied for two semiconducting small molecules which are similar in terms of chemical structure but exhibit different electrical properties. Secondly, the electronic properties of 2D material were modulated with the help of self-assembled monolayers inducing antagonist doping properties. Finally, hybrid perovskites and semiconducting small molecules were used as active materials in oxygen and humidity sensing respectively, forming high-performance sensors. All the project employed the principles of the supramolecular chemistry in their realisation
Guinot, Dominique. "Recherche des paramètres physico-chimiques qui déterminent les propriétés mécaniques des céramiques de ferrite doux." Dijon, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990DIJOS023.
Full textDeprot, Sylvie. "Élaboration de micro-filaments composites : des caractéristiques physico-chimiques aux propriétés magnétiques." Tours, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR4004.
Full textAdvances in the elaboration, understanding and engineering of the static and dynamic magnetic properties of amorphous glass-coated ferromagnetic microwires are presented. The control of the geometric characteristics of the microwires has been obtained through a careful parametric elaboration process study. That led to propose innovative modifications of the production apparatus to reach a continuous process. The magnetic anisotropy of these wires is mainly due to a magneto-elastic behavior. This has been evidenced through the experimental demonstration of the effects of the alloy composition and of the stress state of the ferromagnetic core on the static magnetic properties. Microwave properties of the ferromagnetic microwires were studied through their permeability spectra. They were described using a gyromagnetic model taking into account skin effect. The understanding of their static magnetic properties led to the engineering of the dynamic properties of the ferromagnetic microwires
Veys, Delphine. "Évolution des propriétés physico-chimiques de surface des matériaux quasicristallins lors de sollicitations électrochimiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL076N.
Full textThe main goal of this study is to understand how the surface properties of quasicrystalline and approximant alloys are modified when submitted to various kinds of electrochemical stress. The alloys are Al-based complex intermetallic phases of the AI-(Cu)-Fe-Cr system, submitted to either corrosion test in aggressive media or simply to oxidation and ageing in ambient conditions. Ln a first part, bulk alloys of the AI-(Cu)-Fe-Cr system were synthesized and their atomic structure was characterised. Then, the corrosion behaviour of these alloys was investigated with a view to identify the role of the chemical composition and of the crystallographic structure on their ability to resist corrosion attack in a medium containing citric acid and chloride anions. This work bas allowed us to âetermine the corrosion mechanisms and to identify some alloy compositions which demonstrate high-resistance against corrosion. The last part focusses on the evolution of surface structure and chemistry as a function of electrochemical stress. The topography, composition and structure of corroded samples were analysed. Ln addition, for AICrFe samples, we have highlighted an ageing phenomenon of the surfaces in ambient conditions. We have proposed a model describing the surface of these materials as a stacking of several layers with different chemistry. The surface ageing is modelled and related to the observed modifications of the chemical reactivity
Bachiorrini, Alessandro. "Interactions physico-chimiques entre l'aluminate monocalcique et différents carbonates au cours de la réaction d'hydratation." Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO19049.
Full textKacem, Mariem. "Méthodes de mesure des propriétés de structure d'un matériau poreux au cours de transformations physico-chimiques." Perpignan, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PERP0741.
Full textThe purpose of this work was to develop experiment devices for the measurements of porous media structure properties during transformation. Those devices were based on the gases tracer experiments. In the first experiment device a tracer gas (argon or nitrogen) was flowed through glass particles bed at room temperature. This aimed to the understanding of gas flow in the bed. Using the parametric identification method, the experiment and the theoretical (convection-diffusion approach) concentration of the outlet gas was compared. Then the porosity and the diffusivity were determined. Permeability was determined with known of pressure in the up and in the cell end using Darcy's law. The second experiment device allowed the follow-up to the physico-chimical transformations occurred during sample heating at different temperatures. The system investigation is composed of a spherical reactor containing a spherical porous media composed of hydroxyapatite particles with a mixture of glycerol and water. There are no contact between the sample and the reactor to avoid surface stresses. The solid porosity and the gas effective diffusivity have been determined during physical and chemical transformations of the sample. We using a parametric identification method based on a Perfectly Stirred Reactor PSR approach
Evariste, Sloane. "Systèmes π-conjugués et assemblages supramoléculaires organophosphorés : synthèse et propriétés physico-chimiques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S058/document.
Full textThis manuscript describes the synthesis and characterization of new molecular systems based on phosphorus atom: we developed and studied π-conjugated systems based on phosphole and secondly supramolecular assemblies with phosphine ligand have been studied. Firstly, an introduction to the phosphole chemistry (history, synthesis methods, integration into π-conjugated systems) is presented. The first chapter describes the synthesis and physico-chemical study of phospholes derivatives having an extended π-system for the development of orange-red emitters in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Different molecular engineering involving the triple bond leads to modifications of the optical properties of the synthesized compounds by red-shifting their absorption and/or emission maxima. Chapter II describes the synthesis and the physical properties of complexes using phosphole based π-systems as linkers between two metal centers. New Fe (II), Pt (II) and Au (I) complexes have been developed and the electronic communication between the two metals is studied. The second part of the thesis work starts with a review on the emissive Cu(I) complexes. In Chapter III, are presented the syntheses, the structural and optical studies of new solid-state emissive supramolecular assemblies synthesized from pre-assembled Cu(I) molecular clips and stabilized by phosphine ligands (dppm or dpmp) with cyano ligands as linkers. Then in the final chapter new Cu(I) complexes are synthesized by using organic ligands with terminal nitrile functions as linkers. The solid-state luminescence properties of these new Cu(I) derivatives are studied according to their external environment and thermochromism, vapochromism and mechanochromism phenomena have been demonstrated for some of them
Seyni, Abdoulaye. "Propriétés physico-chimiques et d'usage de matériaux composites à charge dégradable produits par co-broyage." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7820/1/seyni.pdf.
Full textOmanda, Hugues. "Contribution à l'amélioration des propriétés physico-chimiques des matériaux d'électrodes pour batteries à ion lithium." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2082.
Full textLe, Rouzic Mathieu. "Étude des propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques des matériaux cimentaires à base d’oxyde de magnésium." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1082/document.
Full textMagnesium phosphate cements are the most representative cements of the activated-by-acid cements family. Despite the fact that they are known since the early 20th century, their use in civil engineering is fairly limited. These materials are used for road repairs where the fast compressive strength development is an advantage. Recently they have also been used in wastes stabilization/solidification (S/S), especially with wastes incompatible with Portland cement. The challenges of the use of these cements are related to the nature of their formation reaction: fast, very exothermic, with a very short setting time (only a few minutes).The bonding phase, k-struvite (MgKPO4.6H2O), is obtained from magnesium oxide mixed in water with monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4).MgO + KH2PO4 + 5H2O MgKPO4.6H2OThe setting mechanisms are still poorly known and various theories, involving or not secondary product formation, have been suggested. Our researches have aimed to understand the setting mechanisms, as well as the influence of the formulation parameters on the properties of the magnesium phosphate cement. Results show that the formation of k-struvite involved a precipitation-dissolution reaction of an intermediate product, the newberyite (MgHPO4.3H2O). Formation reactions of these two products are controlled by the supersaturation rate and the pH of the solution. The study highlights the strong effect of water on the properties of fresh cement paste. With a low mass ratio e/c in comparison of Portland cement (ratio e/c between 0,1 and 0,25), a slight modification of the ratio (0,02) leads to a segregation and a surface heterogeneity of the cement paste. Among the formulation parameters, the molar ratio MgO/KH2PO4 (Mg/P) seems the most important parameter. Indeed, it impacts most of the properties of the magnesium phosphate cement (compressive strength, setting time, reaction heat, paste fluidity …). Low Mg/P ratios lead to poor water resistance, to crystals formation inside the microstructure that can be seen on the surface of the sample (an efflorescence appearance), and to important swelling of the paste, leading to the cracking of the samples. After the parametric study, a magnesium phosphate cement paste has been defined. Dimensional changes and chemical shrinkage measurement were conducted to understand the mechanisms involved in this swelling phenomenon. In support, microstructural analyses (SEM, XRD, TGA) and leaching tests complete the experimental campaign. The results confirm the influence of a low Mg/P ratio on cement swelling and water resistance. Finally, a study on various additions to the paste has been conducted, with the purpose of improving the cement paste performances. It shows that the addition of an inert filler (siliceous sand or fly ashes) has a retarding effect and reduced the reaction heat
Zapata-Massot, Céline. "Synthèse de matériaux composites par co-broyage en voie sèche. Caractérisation des propriétés physico-chimiques et d'usages des matériaux." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7699/1/zapata_massot.pdf.
Full textSalvant, Johanna. "Caractérisation des propriétés physico-chimiques des matériaux de peinture employés par Van Gogh : les peintures blanches." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834371.
Full textBouvet-Marchand, Agathe. "Syntheses, preparations and physico-chemical characterizations of functional hybrid thin layers." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0338.
Full textTo face the technical challenges of our time, more and more performing materials are needed. However, neither plastic nor metals are sufficient to answer the different current problematic that require materials to be cheap, easily processable, industrializable with oustanding properties (electronic conductivity, transparency, self-cleaning, anti-corrosive etc.). These last years, the association plastic-metal or "hybrid" appears to be a promising route. Indeed, in these materials, not only properties of the plastic and metal are added but a synergy happens leading to unique properties. However, reaching this synergetic effect is not a straightforward task and an accurate control of the interaction between the two counterparts is crucial. During this Ph.D, thin hybrid films (from nanometer to micrometer) were prepared to answer various industrial and academic problematic. Materials dedicated to be used in fingerprint-sensor with very high resolution, to encapsulate biological media for electronic microscopy analysis, to collect an electrical signal or prevent water degradation on screens were elaborated. In order to answer the specific requirements of these different applications, particular molecules were designed to enable a good interaction with the inorganic components and their assembly was carefully adjusted to obtain the desired properties in the resulting material
Bouvet-Marchand, Agathe. "Syntheses, preparations and physico-chemical characterizations of functional hybrid thin layers." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0338.
Full textTo face the technical challenges of our time, more and more performing materials are needed. However, neither plastic nor metals are sufficient to answer the different current problematic that require materials to be cheap, easily processable, industrializable with oustanding properties (electronic conductivity, transparency, self-cleaning, anti-corrosive etc.). These last years, the association plastic-metal or "hybrid" appears to be a promising route. Indeed, in these materials, not only properties of the plastic and metal are added but a synergy happens leading to unique properties. However, reaching this synergetic effect is not a straightforward task and an accurate control of the interaction between the two counterparts is crucial. During this Ph.D, thin hybrid films (from nanometer to micrometer) were prepared to answer various industrial and academic problematic. Materials dedicated to be used in fingerprint-sensor with very high resolution, to encapsulate biological media for electronic microscopy analysis, to collect an electrical signal or prevent water degradation on screens were elaborated. In order to answer the specific requirements of these different applications, particular molecules were designed to enable a good interaction with the inorganic components and their assembly was carefully adjusted to obtain the desired properties in the resulting material
Kamgang, Noubissi Jean Omer. "Modification des propriétés physico-chimiques et décontamination des surfaces de matériaux par plasma d'arc glissant d'air humide." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES030.
Full textIn food industries and hospitals, hygienic problems often results from biofilm formation. These sessile microbial are known to be particularly resistant to antimicrobial compounds. To limit the impact of such unwanted structures, it is possible to prevent bacterial adhesion, or, thereafter, to kill adherent cell. Plasma involve the productions of highly reactive species and can be efficient in both strategies. In that context, we've designed a new operating technique exploiting the properties of humid air produced by gliding arc at atmospheric pressure. Experimentally, a 2. 5 minutes treatment of testing materials induces an increase of their surface hydrophily. By modifying their properties, the “glidarc” treatment also modified the adhesion behavior of Staphilococcus epidermidis. This adhesion increases whatever the material employed. Also, “glidarc” treatment of sessile microbial induces a total destruction of 106 UFC. Cm-2 of attached cells and 107 UFC. Cm-2 of biofilm
Jarboui, Adel. "Elaboration, caractérisation et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques des matériaux conducteurs pour les cellules photosolaires organiques solides." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC160.
Full textIn this work, we have develop dye sensitized solar cens namely Grâtzel cells (DSSC), where we have replaced the 1371" redox couple used as hole transporting material (HTM), by a conducting polymer (CP) generated using in situ electro¬assisted photopolymerization (PEP). The use of a CP as HTM, nor the production of CP by PEP of oxidizable monomer do not constitute a novelty. However, innovation in our work consists of two points: i)Use of water as a solvent for the first time, instead of organic ones (acetonitrile) to generate the PC by PEP. The water lowers drastically the oxidation potential of the organic monomers. This lowering of oxidation potential allows to use a commercial monomer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene instead of its dimer much more expensive, which is used hitherto in for the PEP process because of its low oxidation potential. Ii)Use of purely organic dyes to achieve the PEP process allowing a significant improve of the performance of these cells. Ru-based organometallic dyes were found to be less stable and therefore less effective in the PEP process in both media. The results of our work are unreleased and with this ecological, innovative and easy-to-implement method, we have obtained cells having good yields and the cost of which can be significantly reduced by the use of an organic dye of low-cost synthesis. The redox potentials of each of these two dyes. It emerges that: i) the use of the aqueous medium used to prepare the polymer PEP EDOT monomer, which is almost impossible in organic medium, and ii) that the two parameters to be considered to perform a process in situ PEP leading to a good conductive polymer, are the oxidation potential (or rather of the beginning of oxidation) of the monomer and the redox potential of the dye; the former must be lower than the second. The fourth chapter of the manuscript corresponding to the fourth publication. - Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) and Metal-Free Organic Dyes Two organic dyes and the D35 D21L6 tested and yields of cells obtained are compared with those obtained from to tell-based PEDOP obtained using the Z907. All redox potentials of these dyes are higher than the oxidation potential of EDOP, which is favorable for E CEP in situ process of this monomer. The DSSCs based D35 gives a yield (4. 34%) higher than the yield of cell-based D21L6 (3. 05%) and performance of cells made of Z907 (0. 46%). This difference is attributed to the difference in redox potential of these dyes (D35 1. 16V / SHE D21L6 1. 10 V / V 1. 05 Z907 and ESH / ESH) following the same order of photoconversion efficiencies corresponding DSCs. These results confirm that the oxidation potential of the monomer and the redox potential of the dye are the two parameters that govern the efficiency of a PEP process on a TiO2 electrode modified with a dye and therefore have a direct influence on the photo-conversion efficiency of DSSCs. The manuscript ends with a conclusion in which Mr. Jarboui summarizes the results and presents perspectives. It proposes to continue to study the DSCs with the addition of additives that can improve yields or other monomers low oxidatior potential. These monomers can be studied to improve hole transport in solids DSSCs; eg polycarbazole known for his good character carrier holes
Lô, Cheikh A. el Kabir. "Electrosynthèse, étude des propriétés optiques et physico-chimiques, caractérisation structurale de matériaux conducteurs obtenus à partir de thiénobenzothiophènes : effet des milieux organisés." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077101.
Full textThe objective of this thesis was to carry out the electrosynthesis, and to study the structural and optical characteristics of new conducting polymers containing benzothienothiophenes. We prepared films of poly(1 [thiophene-2-yl] benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene), poly(2-methyl-thieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene) and poly(3-methyl-thieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene) in acetonitrile and partially-aqueous micellar medium containing SDS. A lowering of the oxidation potentials of the corresponding monomers was observed in the micellar medium, relatively to the acetonitrile medium. Using MALDI-TOF and IRTF analyses as well as MO theoretical calculations, based on a mechanism of coupling by radical-cations, we have determined the structures of the obtained short-chain oligomers. These polymer films are characterized by an important red-shift of the fluorescence maximum compared to that of the corresponding monomer. In order to determine the effect of substituents on the electropolymerization process and optical properties, we also proceeded to the electropolymerisation of other thieno[3,2-b]benzothiophenes, variously substituted by methyl, acetate of methyl and/or methoxy groups. We have compared the optical properties of these various monomers which, because of their interesting UV absorption and fluorescence characteristics,,might be applied to build electronic components by using the corresponding polymers
Coudert, François-Xavier. "L'eau et l'électron hydraté en milieu confiné : des propriétés physico-chimiques à la réactivité." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00157339.
Full textDans un premier temps, je présente l'effet du confinement sur les propriétés structurales, dynamiques, thermodynamiques et électroniques de l'eau liquide : le dipôle de la molécule d'eau, son spectre infrarouge, sa dynamique de diffusion et de réorientation sont notamment présentés. L'interaction entre l'eau et la surface interne de la zéolithe a été caractérisée à la fois pour des zéolithes hydrophobes (silicées) et hydrophiles (cationiques). Nous avons montré que, dans le cas d'une zéolithe silicée, il n'existe pas de liaison hydrogène entre l'eau et la zéolithe.
Dans un second temps, j'ai examiné l'effet du confinement sur la structure, la dynamique et la réactivité des espèces solvatées dans l'eau. Cette étude a été menée sur le cas particulier de l'électron solvaté, choisi pour son intérêt tant expérimental (la radiolyse de l'eau confinée est encore mal connue) que théorique (l'électron solvaté est le plus simple des réducteurs). Nous avons montré que l'évolution du spectre de l'électron hydraté confiné dans la zéolithe, observée expérimentalement, peut s'expliquer par un effet de densité locale de l'eau.
Bouvet, Geoffrey. "Relations entre microstructure et propriétés physico-chimiques et mécaniques de revêtements époxy modèles." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS039/document.
Full textThis work highlights the microstructure-properties relations inside representative epoxy based model coatings for anticorrosion paints. These relations have been established for the initial state as well as the hygrothermal ageing. First, we characterised physico-chemical and mechanical properties of the totally crosslinked DGEBA/DAMP stoichiometric system. These properties have been compared to the DGEBA/TETA system and they showed the strong influence of the microstructure on these initial properties. Cyclic hygrothermal ageing have been completed at different temperatures on free films, in order to measure the impact of the microstructure on the durability of epoxy systems. This work has shown the influence of the water-polymer interactions on diffusion phenomena. Moreover, the evolutions of several physico-chemical and mechanical properties have been characterised using DMA (submersible clamps), during different sorption-desorption steps. A pseudo-fickian behaviour has been evidenced during the first sorption, and it was followed by a fickian behaviour for all other steps. The inherent causes of this evolution have been proposed, by considering microstructural reorganisations of the studied epoxy systems. Other hygrothermal ageing have been carried out using EIS on coatings, in order to study the effects of the coating/steel substrate interface on diffusion phenomena, especially the role of residual stresses. We finally studied the influence of the visco-elastic stress on the coating water intake phenomena
Combe, Corine. "Estimation de la sélectivité en nanofiltration à partir des propriétés du matériau membranaire : Modèles de transport." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30201.
Full textAdam, Laure. "Synthèse, caractérisations structurales et physico-chimiques de nouveaux phosphates d'éléments de transition." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2057.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of transition element phosphates, whose mixed frameworks contain cavities able to host cations. The great structural wealth in this family of compounds opens the way to numerous properties. We have chosen to study A-M-P-O(-H) systems in which A is a monovalent cation and M is a transition element (mixed-valent if possible) or post transition element, in order to obtain new materials for catalytic applications. In this context, the study of the A-M-P-O(-H) systems, with A = NH4, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs and M = Fe, Mn and In has been undertaken. The other aim of this work was a better understanding of the influence of synthesis experimental conditions on the nature of the obtained phases. In spite of the difficulty to synthesize new materials in the considered systems, eleven new phases have been isolated and three of them exhibit original framework. Structural determinations have been performed by single crystal X-ray diffraction combined with powder X-ray diffraction and EDX analysis. The study of catalytic properties for DeNOx reaction via the NH3-SCR have been carried out by “in situ” and “operando” spectroscopy and mass spectroscopy for one iron phosphate. Magnetic properties of four compounds, which are reported in this manuscript, are discussed
Guillon, Emmanuel. "Durabilité des matériaux cimentaires : modélisation de l'influence des équilibres physico-chimiques sur la microstructure et les propriétés mécaniques résiduelles." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133395.
Full textBetranhandy, Emmanuel. "Proposition et études ab initio des stabilités relatives de nouveaux matériaux par géomimétisme structural : modélisation des propriétés physico-chimiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010964.
Full textBakkali, Aouatif. "Propriétés physico-chimiques de verres hybrides organiques/minéraux : Etude spectrométrique Raman et infrarouge du système (TMOS-TMSM-MMA)." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0041.
Full textHybrid organic-inorganic, TMSM based materials adding the physical properties of both polymers and ceramics are new materials made of an inorganic "network", of Si-O-Si type and organic chains of metacrylate type. The preparation of such materials have been made possible by association of sol-gel processes to polymerization techniques. In the work presented here, the preparation of a hybrid glass has been studied in order to give the glass specific properties, namely to form covering films. The synthesis of this material needs three monomers: an organo-silane, a macro-organo-silane containing metacrylate function and a metacrylate (TMOS, TMSM, MMA). In order to investigate the behavior of the chemical reactions involved in the preparation process, a systematic study of each constituent of the material and their mixtures has been developed by means of vibrational spectroscopy (Raman and Infrared), RMN and Small Angle X Spectrometry (SAXS). Correlating the results obtained from these different techniques have helped characterize the physico-chemical properties of the hybrid glass. During synthesis gel formation and radical polyaddition compete. Thermal treatments at 80°C and/or 160°C help evaporate the solvents and lead to completed reactions. In the study, a kinetic model for thy hydrolysis and condensation reactions concerning alcoxysilanes has been established. The very structure of the final hybrid glass has been determined and a model of its microstructure has been proposed
Durand, Anne. "Relations entre la composition des bitumes et leurs propriétés physico-chimiques. Application à la formulation des liants modifiés bitume-EVA." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES082.
Full textYakimets-Pilot, Iryna. "Elaboration d'un modèle viscoélastique et son application au comportement d'un polypropylène sous sollicitations mécaniques complexes et physico-chimiques." Compiègne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004COMP1504.
Full textThis work is devoted to a viscoelastic model developed for a semi-crystalline polymer with small strains. This model is based on a rheological approach and contains one spring, which is associated with the crystalline phase, and two Maxwell elements, which are associated with the amorphous phase with reduced mobility (interphase) and the free amorphous phase. A particular mechanism of de formation of two amorphous phases was integrated in this model, which satisfactory simulates the evolution of the viscoelasticity under various solicitations. The polypropylene was used in this study like a model-material. This viscoelastic model was then generalized in 3D for modelling the behaviour under complex mechanical solicitations: particularly proportional and no proportional traction-compression-torsion tests were simulated. The mechanical behaviour under physicochemical solicitations of photo-oxidation ageing type was also analysed thanks to this model
Hadj-Aissa, Aurélie. "Corrélations entre les propriétés physico-chimiques et l’efficacité photocatalytique d’un matériau cimentaire enrichi en TiO2." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10056.
Full textMore than half of the world population is exposed to urban air pollution which poses problems for the environment and human health. To reduce the background of the pollution in cities, an innovative cementitious material has been developed and used to degrade pollutants thanks to its photocatalytic properties induced by the addition of TiO2. This work was focused on the correlation between physicochemical properties and the photocatalytic efficiency of a mortar enriched with TiO2 during the degradation of two volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde and toluene as well as a mixture of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The occurence rate of of titanium dioxide on the surface, the relative percentage of titanium and the absorptance of UV photons by TiO2, respectively, were determined by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray analysis and UV-visible diffuse refectance spectroscopy. Proportionality between these three variables has been demonstrated. The photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2-rich cementitious materials has been demonstrated for the degradation of the 2 VOCs and also for NOx. The photocatalytic efficiency is related to the presence of TiO2 on the surface and the ability of TiO2 to absorb UV photons. The cement matrix can also, in the dark, reduced significantly the concentration of formaldehyde. The study of the influence of materials and environmental parameters showed the importance of the TiO2 content, the luminous flux and relative humidity on the photocatalytic properties of the mortar and allowed to contribute to a better understanding of the reactions occurring during the degradation of pollutants by a photocatalytic cementitious material
Camara, Magatte. "Synthèse, caractérisation structurale et étude des propriétés physico-chimiques de polyméres de coordination à base de terres rares." Rennes, INSA, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ISAR0003.
Full textKnowledge of molecular materials structure, associated with cristallochimic concepts, have always made the chemist understand the formation of solids starting from given entities and consequently, has made him imagine the way to build new various combinations. However, the conception of an important, clear, perfect monocrystal with a sufficient crystallization, remains the necessary condition. Our research consists in synthesizing, via a slow diffusion into gel, new difficult molecular materials containing lanthanides, even impossible to obtain them by conventional chemical methods. The first part is composed of an important review of chemical and physical properties of lanthanide ions in solution as well as applications known for these metals. This fisrt part ends with a presentation of our work on crystal growth. The following chapters are related to the experimental parts. By the slow diffusion into gel, we succeeded in synthesizing new phases of rare earth oxalate. The final chapter is devoted to the synthesis of new 4f-3d mixed molecular materials
Bouquet, Françoise. "Relations entre les propriétés physico-chimiques de surface de l'acier AISI 304 après différents traitements et le comportement mécanique d'assemblages collés." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD475.
Full textMabboux, Florence. "Matériaux implantaires dentaires et adhérence de Streptococcus sanguinis et de Streptococcus constellatus : caractérisation et rôle des propriétés physico-chimiques de surface." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10236.
Full textIn this in vitro study, we have evaluated (i) the interest of 3 different approaches in the characterization of surface properties of implant dental biomaterials (Titanium and Ti-6A1-4V) and of Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus constellatus, with and without saliva, (ii) the number of adherent bacterial cells on these biomaterials , coated with saliva, by analysis of images, (iii) the influence of surface topography and processes of disinfection /sterilisation on surface properties of Titanium, TA6V and on bacterial adherence. Our results show a similar behaviour of titanium and its alloy, the determining role of the method in the physico-chemical characterization of surface properties of bacteria and solids. They confirm the usefulness of determining acid-base interactions and electrostatic properties for a better understanding of streptococcal adhesion on implant dental materials
Avice, Jérémy. "Etudes des propriétés physico-chimiques de revêtements sol-gel par spectroscopie, optoacoustique et endommagement laser." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1028.
Full textWithin the framework of the simulation project, the Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) aims to reproduce the pressure and temperature conditions of a thermonuclear fusion with the Megajoule laser (LMJ). Some of the optical components of the LMJ, in particular some focusing lenses, are coated with an antireflective (AR) layer made by a sol-gel process. These films are composed of silica nanoparticles 10 nm in diameter with 55% porosity. To increase the mechanical strength of these layers, the films are exposed to water and ammonia vapors during a post-process. This post-treatment creates covalent bonds between the silica nanoparticles and thus strengthens the colloidal film. In order to give all the qualities of an optical coating, besides the key optical properties, we have set ourselves the objective of understanding the mechanical stability of these nanomaterials. In particular, we wanted, in the context of this thesis, to have a better understanding of the ammonia hardening process and for that we undertook a complete study of the physical and chemical parameters that govern the elasticity of this assembly of nanoparticles. In a second step, we highlighted the appearance of surface cracking causing optical diffusion and a decrease in mechanical reinforcement during the post-process. In order to minimize or even eliminate these surface cracks, we performed a parametric study to identify the elements responsible for this cracking
Lacombe, Guillaume. "Rôle des paramètres d'élaboration sur les propriétés physico-chimiques de matériaux composites élaborés par métallurgie des poudres : études théoriques et expérimentales." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681508.
Full textThommerel, Emmanuel. "Elaboration et études des propriétés physico-chimiques de matériaux composites polymère/métal et piezoélectrique/alumine : extraction, structures et rôle sur l'environnement." Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0009.
Full textNew transducer systems (plezoelectro magnetic or PEM) for deteetion from a distance have been implemented. They are made of two distinct parts: (a) a ceramic-based piezoelectric sensor (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)03 (or PLZT), and (b) an antenna made of metal/polymer composites. The first step was to carry out the physico-chemical study of antennas made of granular metal/polymer. These antennas can be elaborated using mechanical engraving of composite stands which have a similar metal composition to that of electric percolation. Several series of composites were elaborated: the polymer component is polypheovlene sulphur -PPS- and metallic granular phases are successively Al, Fe, Ni, W, Zn. Each composite in the whole range of metal volume fraction (from 0 to 1) was tested by electrical complex spectrometry. The electric responses (R. L and C components function of metal volume fraction) were modelled by resorting to medium effective approximation (MEA): a new approach taking into account the diversity of size distribution was developed. This approach makes it possible to closely link electric responses to the distributions and sizes of metallic grains. The percolation theory was also used. Critical exponents (s and t) stemming from laws in power were determined for each composite family, so as to interpret the conductance values, under (law in (-3>}'!) and over (law in (-C)') the percolation point (volume fraction <&cl. In order to assess the resistance to corrosion in an acid environment, a corrosion study according to the time of these systems was carried out. The percolation model was put into practice: because of corrosion, critical exponents evolve according to time. The second step was to carry out a study of piezo electric ceramics elaborated from composites (PLZT)/alumina. The role of alumina is to modulate the piezoelectric characteristics so as to permit a certain frequency discrimination of the markers. Polarised composites were characterised by X rays diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Electric measures by electrical complex made it possible to characterize the performance to the neighbourhood of ceramic/electrode systems resonance frequency. The increase in alumina content results in a decrease of resonance frequency and a weakening of resonance amplitude. Modelling through an equivalent electric circuit RLC has made it possible to ascribe the modifications of piezoelectric responses (frequency and resonance amplitude) to the modifications of the piezoelectric phase PLZT and the ceramic micro structure, resulting from a presence of an alumina phase inserted in the ceramic. The growth of the R resistance is thus clearly attributed to the degradation of me piezoelectric phases. The increase of C capacity is linked to the reduction of elastic constants. This reduction is induced by weaker grain boundaries. The L inductance associated with medium masses of the system stays practically unchanged considering the limited content in alumina
Muller, Didier. "Influence des caractéristiques physico-chimiques de la fibre de polyester et de l'ensimage sur les interactions fibres-ensimages : diffusion - répartition - cohésion." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10063.
Full textSpeyer, Lucie. "Élaboration de mousses de graphène par voie solvothermale et modification de leurs propriétés physico-chimiques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0120/document.
Full textGraphene-based materials have attracted a great interest these last years, due to their outstanding properties. In particular, graphene foams offer a part of the properties of graphene, combined with a high surface area: they show great potentiality in some application domains such as energy. This thesis work is focused on the elaboration of graphene foams by a solvothermal-based process, an original method involving a solvothermal reaction between an alcohol and sodium, followed by a thermal treatment. The study of the compounds produced by the solvothermal reaction and the pyrolysis under a nitrogen flow was lead through multi-scale and complementary characterization techniques: mechanisms of formation of the solvothermal compound and graphenic foams have been proposed. The optimal conditions of pyrolysis were also determined, and provide the obtaining of graphene foams with a high structural quality and a large specific surface area. Furthermore, some types of post-elaboration treatments were carried out: notably, a vacuum annealing significantly improves the structural quality and the purity of the samples. Lastly, the modification of the physico-chemical properties of the foams through the chemistry of carbon materials intercalation has been studied. Graphene films were prepared from the intercalated foams and their electrical properties were evaluated
Jeannot, Cécile. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés structurales, magnétiques et chimiques de ferrates (IV), (V) et (VI) alcalins." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN10132.
Full textSynthesis, magnetic and chemical properties of alkaline ferrate (IV), (V) and (VI) have been investigated. The first part of this report is devoted to the study of the K-Fe -O system. After a bibliographical review of potassium oxides, the syntheses carried out by. , solid-state reaction between KO2 and an iron oxide have showed that it is possible to synthesise K2FeO4 at 350°C under atmospheric pressure of oxygen, or at 450°C in a sealed "Pyrex" tube. Ferrate (V) was only detected in some of mixtures, the oxidation step (IV) was never found. The study of the Na-Fe -O system lead to evidence the existence of sodium ferrate (IV) Na4FeO4. This phase crystallises in the triclinic system and belong to the Na4MO4 series (M = transition element). In this compound, iron is in a tetrahedral site. Na4FeO4 is aritiferromagnetic below 16 K. The study of the magnetic structure shows that the exchange interactions may form via Fe-O-Na-O-Fe superexchange ways. Na4FeO4 is the first example of material which stabilises Fe (IV) in a tetrahedral site. With our experimental conditions, it was not possible to stabilise the oxidation step (VI), whereas a ferrate (V) could be detected while operating in presence of oxygen generated in-situ in the sealed Pyrex tube or in presence of hydroxide. The study of the Na-K-Fe-O system evidenced the existence of the oxidation step (V) in a compound with the K2NaFeO4 formula. Isotypic with K2NaMnO4, iron (V) is tetrahedrally co-ordinated. Paramagnetic until 6 K, the Mössbauer parameters ofthis Fe (V) high spin have been specified for the first time. The optimization of the synthesis of ferrate (VI) by electrochemical way is also described. Ferrate (IV) and (V) di sproportionate to give Fe (VI) and Fe (III). The last part of this work is devoted to the chemical propel1ies of ferrate (VI) which has potential industrial applications in the field of energy and environment
Sakkas, Démosthène. "Cinétique de copolymérisation et contrôle des propriétés physico-chimiques des résines de polyesters insaturés : élaboration d'un matériau composite pour blindage." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20008.
Full textDufour, Elsa. "Relation entre la microstructure de fibres creuses PVdF, les propriétés physico-chimiques et les performances de filtration." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0001.
Full textThe project NEOPHIL aims to develop an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane hollow fiber from poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVdF) that resists to fouling amide time. This property can be achieved by adding a block copolymer called GEN in the fiber preparation solution in addition to the classic additive, poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP). In this work, we focused on the quantification of additives on the surface, in the bulk and establishing the concentration profile by ATR-FTIR, T% -FTIR and Raman microscopy. These analyzes showed that half of the PVP is washed away into the coagulation bath while GEN quantitatively remains anchored in the matrix. In the case of PVP, the formulation parameters such as the presence of solvent or PVP in the coagulation bath greatly affects the concentration profile at the interfaces. In addition a multi-criteria analysis between hydrophilicity provided by the additives and the fouling was established. This study was carried out by measurement of the water contact angle, water retention and water intrusion pressure of dry fibers in relation to the size and distribution of pores, the surface roughness (AFM) and the permeability to pure water. Water retention and water intrusion pressure seem to be the two most relevant techniques that can connect the physicochemical properties and filtration performance. A preliminary study on the aging behavior was also performed showing that GEN is not extracted while the PVP is lost partly by extraction and/or degradation. This phenomenon strongly affects the different parameters studied in the multi-criteria analysis
Boudjema, Bouzid. "Propriétés électriques et spectroscopiques de matériaux moléculaires (métallophtalocyanines) : étude du dopage p et n par cosublimation en vue de l'obtention de composants électroniques." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10007.
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