Academic literature on the topic 'Banana (Musa sp.)'

Banana is a tropical fruit that has been popular in the community, and potentially developed in Indonesia. There are many varieties of bananas that grow wild or cultivated by the community. This leads to differences in characters between each type. The differences can be seen from the appearance of plants such as pseudo-stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit. The difference is important to know the relationship of kinship between species so that can be obtained initial information in improving the genetic properties that will produce plants with new varieties are superior.This study was conducted from December 2012 to May 2013 with the research site of Ambon Island and used exploratory methods based on the banana descriptor guidelines from the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI, 1996). The study showed that 7 varieties were found and identified: forty-day bananas, Jawaka, Kepok, Ambon green, King, Gold and Horn with varying morphological appearance and formed 2 main clusters with close and distant kinship. Banana on the island of Ambon has the characterization so that many sources of potential diversity need to be revealed more.

Banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is known as vector of Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) that threatening production of banana worldwide. It was reported recently that P. nigronervosa and P. caladii is “cryptic species”. A good and proper identification is necessary to verify the correct species and its status. Research was conducted to identify and to find the host range of banana aphids in Java. Aphid collection was conducted in several locations in West Java, Central Java, and East Java. Eleven morphometric characters were analyzed to assess the morphometric variations among banana aphids. Morphological identification and principle component analysis (PCA) approach were conducted for accurate identification of banana aphids. Two species of aphids were found during the survey in Java, i.e. P. nigronervosa and P. caladii. P. nigronervosa mostly infested bananas (Musa spp.), and a few was found on heliconia (Heliconia sp.) and banana traveler (Ravenala madagascariensis). In contrast, P. caladii generally infested taro (Colocasia esculenta), turmeric (Curcuma longa), costus (Costus sp.), dumbcane (Dieffenbachia sp.), but rarely on bananas.

The use of banana plant sap as an incision remedy has been carried out through generations in Citatah Village, Cipatat District, West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the ethnobotanical utilization of banana plant sap as an incision remedy. The research was conducted using the snowball sampling technique by the method of structured observation and interviews with 30 respondents. The followings were tools and materials used for the research, a set of stationery, cameras, voice recorders, and laptops. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that of the thirty respondents who knew the utilization of banana plant sap as wound remedy, only 60% were still using it. Parts of banana plants that were often used by the community was the banana plant shoots by 87% of the total respondents and banana leaf fronds by 13%. There was no specific type of banana used for this wound remedy. However, the type of banana most widely used by the community was ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) with a percentage of 20%, kulutuk/manggala banana (Musa balbisiana) 60%, and kepok Banana (Musa paradisiaca formatypica) 20%. Based on the results of the observation and interview, there were at least four benefits of using banana sap, namely preventing infection, sticking wounds, stopping bleeding, and drying the wound. While scientifically, this banana sap can be used as the wound remedy because it contains flavonoid compounds, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, ascorbic acid, and tannins.

The use of banana plant sap as an incision remedy has been carried out through generations in Citatah Village, Cipatat District, West Bandung Regency, Indonesia. This study aimed to examine the ethnobotanical utilization of banana plant sap as an incision remedy. The research was conducted using the snowball sampling technique by the method of structured observation and interviews with 30 respondents. The followings were tools and materials used for the research, a set of stationery, cameras, voice recorders, and laptops. The data obtained were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that of the thirty respondents who knew the utilization of banana plant sap as wound remedy, only 60% were still using it. Parts of banana plants that were often used by the community was the banana plant shoots by 87% of the total respondents and banana leaf fronds by 13%. There was no specific type of banana used for this wound remedy. However, the type of banana most widely used by the community was ambon Banana (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum) with a percentage of 20%, kulutuk/manggala banana (Musa balbisiana) 60%, and kepok Banana (Musa paradisiaca formatypica) 20%. Based on the results of the observation and interview, there were at least four benefits of using banana sap, namely preventing infection, sticking wounds, stopping bleeding, and drying the wound. While scientifically, this banana sap can be used as the wound remedy because it contains flavonoid compounds, saponins, triterpenoids, steroids, alkaloids, ascorbic acid, and tannins.

This study aims to find out how much added value goroho bananas. This research was carried out for 3 months in Sabuah Purple Malalayang Beach at Manado City. This research uses primary data with direct interview technique to the manager. The results showed that from the four forms of processed banana goroho goroho banana flour sticks, regular sticks, chips, and split four; The most value added in the form of processed banana goroho flour sticks with a value of IDR 2816.78 compared with other processed forms such as common sticks IDR 1567,97, chips IDR 1091,78, and split four IDR 1176,78.

Tropical plants host a range of fungal niches including endophytes, pathogens, epiphytes and saprobes. A study undertaken to discover the saprobic fungal species associated with Musa sp. (banana) from northern Thailand found two hyphomycetous taxa of Spegazzinia (Didymosphaeriaceae, Pleosporales). These were collected during the dry season and their morpho-molecular taxonomic relationships were investigated. Based on phylogenetic analysis of combined SSU, LSU, ITS and TEF1-α sequence data (77% ML, 0.99 BYPP) and contrasting morphological features to the sister taxon, we introduce Spegazzinia musae as a novel species from a decaying leaf of Musa sp. Details on the taxonomy, ecology and geographical distribution of Spegazzinia species are provided. In addition, we report S. deightonii as a new host record from Musa sp. Our data further validate the taxonomic placement of Spegazzinia in Didymosphaeriaceae.

Consumption of antihypertensive drugs has the potential to cause drug and food interactions. Captopril/lisinopril can increase potassium levels by inhibiting the activity of renin angiotensin aldosterone. If captopril/lisinopril is consumed together with bananas, there is a risk of hyperkalemia because bananas are a high pottasium fruits. The aimed of this study was to determined the effect of captopril/lisinopril given with banana (Musa Sp) on potassium serum levels of Rattus novergicus strain Wistar hypertension model. This research was an experimental study with a randomized post-test control group design.Thirty (30) male wistar strain rats aged 2-3 months, weighing 200-250 grams were divided into 6 groups. The control group (K-) non-hypertensive rats, the control group (K+) hypertension rats+standard diet, the treatment group (P1) hypertension rats + standard diet + captopril 2.25 mg/kgBB, the treatment group (P2) hypertensive rats + standard diet + lisinopril 0.6 mg/kgBB, treatment group (P3) hypertension rats + standard diet + captopril with banana and treatment group (P4) hypertension rats + standard diet + lisinopril with bananas. Measurement of potassium serum levels was carried out using electrolyte analyzer. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA test. The results showed that there were no significant differences in potassium serum levels between all groups. In conclusion, both of captopril 2.25 mg/kgBB and lisinopril 0.6 mg/kgBB given together with banana 9g/kgBB for 3 days hasn’t caused drug and food interactions.
 Keywords: banana fruits, captopril, lisinopril, potassium serum

Banana (Musa sp) is a plant that has good nutrion, mineral, vitamin A, B complex, vitamin C, and vitamin B6. Germplasm diversity of local banana in Bangka has never been identified. Research about germplasm diversity of banana in Bangka Island need to maintain germplasm of Bangka local banana. This research was conducted in Bangka Island. Characterization of banana fruit germplasm includes on qualitative and quantitative traits. Analysis of morphological relationship of banana fruit germplasm used UPGMA. Exploration result obtained 22 germplasms of Bangka local banana. The result of relationship analysis showed four clusters at 0,40 (40%) coefficient. Cluster one consists of Udang germplasm. Cluster two consists of Jernang and Rotan germplasm. Cluster three consists of Wei, Kapal and Abu germplasm. Cluster four consists of Madu Manis, Madu Keling, Gambur, Jambi, 40 Hari, Bawang, Geda, Tematu, Serindit, Masak Ijau, Rejang, Madu Pulau, Kecit Lantai, Susu, Gede and Lilin germplasm. Bangka local banana have wide variability in almost morphological character observed.

This research was conducted for a month, in the laboratory of the Faculty of Marine and Fisheries of Nusa Cendana University. The study aims to determine the use of a banana kepok stem (Musa paradisiaca formmatypica) with different doses to see the type of natural feeds growing and the abundance of it. The banana kepok stem (Musa paradisiaca formmatypica) generally contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Nitrogen and phosphorus important to growing of natural feeds, while potassium important to increase the body durability of it. This study uses different dosages to see the abundance of natural feed. The dose used is 50 g.L-1, 75 g.L-1, 100 g. L-1. The results of the study showed the type of natural feed that grows are Daphnia sp and Infusoria and the highest amount of natural feed density in the treatment with dose of 75 g that is Infusoria as much as 356x104 cells.ml-1 and Daphnia sp as much as 168x104 cells.ml-1. The use of stem banana kepok (Musa paradisiaca formmatypica) can be used as feed for fish. Keywords: Banana kepok stem (Musa paradisiaca formmatypica), Dosages, Natural feed

A total of 11 fungal species were isolated from the 25 infected fruit samples of three varieties (Sabri, Champa and Sagor) of Musa sapientum. The isolated fungi were Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tiegh., Colletotrichum musae (Berk. & Curt.) Arx, Curvularia brachyspora Boedijn., Fusarium semitectum Berk. & Rav. Fusarium sp. Link, Penicillium sp., Pestalotiopsis disseminata (Thum) Steyaert, Rhizopus sp. Ehrenb. and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Gray. Fusarium semitectum showed the highest (28.61) per cent association frequency in Sabri variety whereas Fusarium sp. showed the lowest (3.33). Curvularia brachyspora showed the highest (21.11) per cent frequency in Champa variety whereas A. fumigatus showed the lowest (2.78). Fusarium sp. showed the highest (41.67) per cent frequency in Sagor variety whereas T. viride showed the lowest (3.34). Among the isolated fungi C. musae, C. brachyspora, F. semitectum, Fusarium sp. and P. disseminata were found to be pathogenic to three banana varieties. The presence of Pestalotiopsis disseminata (Thum) Steyaert in Sabri variety of banana is the first record in Bangladesh.
 Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 26(1): 101-110, 2017 (January)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:55:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ramos_dp_me_botfca.pdf: 830821 bytes, checksum: 16f1775945c2673bcd2ffb7966eac7a2 (MD5)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Considerando-se a importância da cultura da bananeira para o Estado de São Paulo, a grande quantidade de cultivares existentes no Brasil e a ausência de dados sobre esses cultivares em áreas de produção, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento de plantas, produção e qualidade de frutos de genótipos de 4 grupos genômicos de bananeira: ‘Nanicão-IAC-2001’, ‘Grande Naine’, ‘Caipira’ e ‘Nam’ (AAA); ‘Maçã’, ‘Thap Maeo’, ‘Prata Anã’ e ‘Prata Zulu’ (AAB); ‘Fhia 01’, ‘Fhia 18’, ‘Prata Graúda’ e ‘Maçã Tropical’ (AAAB) e ‘Figo Cinza’ (ABB), no município de Botucatu-SP. Foram avaliadas características de crescimento, como altura de plantas, circunferência do pseudocaule, número de folhas, número de dias entre o plantio e o florescimento, número de dias entre o florescimento e a colheita e número de dias do plantio a colheita; medidas na época de emissão da inflorescência. Também foram mensuradas características de produção, entre as quais, peso do cacho, número de frutos, peso médio dos frutos, produtividade, número de pencas; peso, número, comprimento e diâmetro de frutos da 2º penca. Os atributos fisicoquímicos e químicos analisados foram: textura, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares totais, amido e potássio. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 13 tratamentos (genótipos), 5 repetições e duas plantas por parcela. Foi utilizado o teste de Tukey (P 0,05) para a comparação entre médias de genótipos, dentro de cada grupo genômico. Além disso, realizaram-se possíveis correlações entre as características de crescimento e produção. Os resultados mostraram que no grupo AAA, ‘Nanicão’ apresentou boas características de crescimento, produção e qualidade dos frutos no entanto ‘Grande Naine’ apresentou maiores valores em termos...<br>Considering the importance of the banana culture in the State of São Paulo, the great number of cultivars found in Brazil and the absence of data about these cultivars in production areas, this work aimed to evaluate the plants growth, production and quality fruits of genotypes of 4 genomic groups of banana: ‘Nanicão-IAC-2001’, ‘Grande Naine’, ‘Caipira’ and ‘Nam’ (AAA); ‘Maçã’, ‘Thap Maeo’, ‘Prata Anã’ and ‘Prata Zulu’ (AAB); ‘Fhia 01’, ‘Fhia 18’, ‘Prata Graúda’ and ‘Maçã Tropical’ (AAAB) and ‘Figo Cinza’ (ABB), in Botucatu city, São Paulo state, Brazil. Some growth characteristics were evaluated such as: plant heights, the pseudostem circumference, number of leaves, number of days between planting and flowering, number of days between flowering and harvest and number of days from planting to harvest. These characteristics were measured at the flowering time. The production characteristics such as the bunch weigth, number of fruits, average weigth of the fruits, productivity, number of hands and weight, number, length and diameter of the fruits of the 2nd hand. The physical and chemical characteristics which were analysed were: firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, total sugars, starch and potassium. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 13 treatments (genotypes), 5 replications and 2 plants per plot. We used the test of Tukey (P 0.05) for the comparison between average of genotypes, within each group genomic. In addition to that, some possible correlation between growth and production were also established. The results indicated that in the group AAA, ‘Nanicão’ showed good characteristics regarding growth, production and quality of fruits. However, ‘Grande Naine’ had the highest values in productive terms. ‘Nam’ showed the lowest height, the shortest cycle, its fruits had the highest...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O clima classificado como Cwa é considerado marginal para a cultura da bananeira, pois apresenta inverno típico com baixas temperaturas e deficiência hídrica. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar o desenvolvimento da bananeira cv. Nanicão (Musa sp. AAA) em clima Cwa. Foram realizados dois experimentos, o primeiro para verificar a formação do cacho da bananeira desde a emissão da inflorescência até a colheita. No segundo experimento avaliou-se os quatro primeiros ciclos, com o objetivo de verificar a variação da duração do ciclo, produção e rendimento anual de cada ciclo. O experimento foi realizado em bananal com 5 anos de idade localizado no município Tiête SP. O bananal corresponde a uma área de 16,0 hectares com plantas oriundas de mudas micropropagadas, espaçamento de 2,4 m x 2,00m, irrigada por aspersão. Os dados meteorológicos foram retirados do Centro Integrado de Informações Agrometeorológicas. Para a condução do experimento 1 foram avaliadas 1104 famílias, no período de maio de 2010 a julho de 2011. Os fatores em estudo foram: época de emissão da inflorescência, duração do intervalo entre a emergência da inflorescência e colheita (I - C), quantidade de emissão de inflorescência nas diferentes épocas, época de colheita, massas dos cachos e produção. No segundo experimento avaliou-se 16,0 hectares de bananeira no período de setembro de 2005 a agosto de 2011. Avaliou - se a duração do ciclo de produção e o período da colheita de cada ciclo, bem como a produção e rendimento médio anual/ha. Foi observado no estudo que a produção de banana nesse tipo de clima é marcada por oscilações. As maiores taxas de emissões de inflorescências e menores durações de I-C ocorrem na época mais quente e chuvosa e taxas inferiores de emissões e durações de I-C foram maiores na época fria e seca do ano. As massas dos cachos e consequentemente as produções variam ao longo do ano, massas superiores são encontradas na época fria e seca e menores massas ocorrem na época quente do ano. Os quatro primeiros ciclos de produção apresentam variações na duração total do ciclo bem como no período de colheita, em consequência o rendimento médio anual de cada ciclo varia, de modo que, a partir do terceiro ciclo o rendimento médio decresce e estabiliza-se devido à extensão da duração do ciclo de produção.<br>The climate classificated by Cwa is not considerate totally appropriate for banana crop, because has the typical dry winter with low temperature, conditions that injure the plant development. The objective of this research was to verify the banana development cv. Nanicão (Musa sp. AAA) in Cwa climate. Two experiments were performed, the first one verified the development banana bunch formation, since the inflorescence emission until the harvest. The second experiments evaluated the first four cycles, aimed to verify the cycles variation, production and annual yield per cycle. The experiment was developed in field banana Nanicão with 5 years from planting, localized in Tiête São Paulo city. The total area is 16 ha with plants originated by micropropagated seedlings, spacing of 2,4m x 2,00m, irrigated by sprinkling. The meteorogical data was offered by Integrated Centre of Agrometeorogical Information. For the conduction the experiment 1 was evaluated 1104 families in period from May 2010 to July 2011. The factors studied were: epoch of inflorescence emission, time interval between the inflorescence emissions to harvest (I-H), amounts of inflorescences in different epochs of year, time of harvest, mass of bunch and production. In the second experiments aimed the production in total area of 16 ha, between September 2005 to August 2011. Evaluated the cycle time, the period of harvest, the production and medium annual yield per hectare. It was observed in this study the banana Nanicão production in this kind of climate is characterized for great oscillation in the yield during the production cycle. The higher rates of inflorescence emission and lower duration of I-H occurred in the hottest time of the year. The bunch mass and production vary throughout the year. The bunch mass biggest and production occurred in cooler time of the year. The first four production cycles vary a well as the time interval harvest in consequence the annual yield per cycle, so that from third cycle the medium annual yield decrease due to the extension of cycle duration.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>O Brasil à um dos maiores produtores mundiais de banana (Musa sp.), sendo responsÃvel por 10% de toda a produÃÃo mundial (FAO, 2002). Nessa perspectiva, percebe-se a necessidade de incrementar a sua produÃÃo, e dentre as estratÃgias adotadas, pode-se antecipar a fase de aclimataÃÃo, por meio da associaÃÃo de mudas de bananeiras com fungos micorrÃzicos arbusculares. Os biofertilizantes comumente se referem ao efluente resultante da fermentaÃÃo aerÃbia ou anaerÃbia de produtos orgÃnicos puros ou complementados com produtos minerais. SÃo utilizados na agricultura para vÃrios fins, e sua aplicaÃÃo promove a melhoria das propriedades fÃsicas e quÃmicas e estimulando a atividade biolÃgica. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo avaliar o desenvolvimento de plantas de bananeiras submetidas à biofertirrigaÃÃo, aplicada em diferentes estÃdios de seu desenvolvimento, e da atividade da microbiota de um Cambissolo LatossÃlico EutrÃfico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetaÃÃo pertencente ao setor de Microbiologia do Solo do Departamento de CiÃncias do Solo da Universidade Federal do Cearà (UFC). O solo utilizado no experimento foi coletado em uma Ãrea de mata nativa, situada em Ãrea de cultivo comercial de bananeira, pertencente à Fazenda Frutacor Apodi, localizada no municÃpio de QuixerÃ, CearÃ. Foi considerado, para efeito de coleta, o solo a uma profundidade de 0 a 20 cm. Inicialmente, as amostras foram encaminhadas para o LaboratÃrio de Microbiologia do Solo do Departamento de CiÃncias do Solo, onde foi realizada anÃlise preliminar do solo para extraÃÃo e quantificaÃÃo das espÃcies de fungos micorrÃzicos arbusculares, que ocorriam de forma natural no solo. A anÃlise constou da extraÃÃo dos esporos, atravÃs da tÃcnica de peneiramento Ãmido (Gerdemann & Nicolson, 1963). O experimento constou de 12 tratamentos, com 09 repetiÃÃes; e 01 tratamento controle com 15 repetiÃÃes, totalizando 123 parcelas. Decorridos 30, 45 e 60 dias apÃs o plantio (DAP), foram retiradas 03 repetiÃÃes dos tratamentos, respectivamente, para avaliaÃÃo da colonizaÃÃo micorrÃzica radicular. No intervalo entre as etapas de plantio das mudas e inÃcio da aplicaÃÃo do biofertilizante, foi aplicada soluÃÃo nutritiva de Hewitt (1966) sem fÃsforo para todas as amostras, e para o tratamento controle (T13), foi aplicada soluÃÃo nutritiva completa com fÃsforo, semanalmente, atà 90 dias, apÃs aclimataÃÃo (Fase 1). A Fase 2, apÃs a aplicaÃÃo dos tratamentos supramencionados, constou da avaliaÃÃo das seguintes caracterÃsticas: crescimento, teor dos elementos minerais na planta, colonizaÃÃo micorrÃzica radicular (tÃcnica de Phillips & Hayman, 1970 e Giovanetti & Mosse, 1980), determinaÃÃo do carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM) segundo Vance et al. (1987), a respiraÃÃo basal do solo (RBS), quantificaÃÃo de CO2 liberado em mg de C-CO2/100 cm3 de solo, durante o intervalo de tempo utilizado no monitoramento, e o quociente metabÃlico (qCO2) calculado pela razÃo entre a respiraÃÃo basal e a biomassa microbiana-C (Anderson & Domsch, 1978). O experimento foi implantado por meio de um delineamento estatÃstico inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 4. A mistura solo-areia recebeu biofertilizante em trÃs Ãpocas diferentes de aplicaÃÃo (30,45 e 60 dias apÃs o plantio das mudas), em quatro doses (0; 25; 50; 100%). Os dados foram submetidos à anÃlise de variÃncia pelo teste F e comparaÃÃes nas mÃdias pelo teste de Duncan a 5% de probabilidade. ApÃs a avaliaÃÃo dos resultados, concluiu-se que a biofertilizaÃÃo da bananeira pode ocorrer aos 30 dias apÃs o plantio, sendo a concentraÃÃo de (100%), a mais adequada para o crescimento das plantas; O biofertilizante na dose de 100%, independente do perÃodo em que à iniciada, promoveu a produÃÃo de massa de matÃria seca e os teores dos macronutrientes (N, P, K, S, Ca, Na e Mg). Os parÃmetros microbiolÃgicos nÃo foram influenciados pelas doses, nem Ãpocas de aplicaÃÃo do biofertilizante, à exceÃÃo do quociente metabÃlico (qCO2) que foi menor quando aplicada a dose 100% do biofertilizante.<br>Brazil is a major producer of banana (Musa sp.), Accounting for 10% of the total world production (FAO, 2002). From this perspective, we see the need to increase their production, and among the strategies adopted, one can anticipate the acclimatization phase, through the association of banana seedlings with mycorrhizal fungi. Biofertilizers commonly refer to the effluent resulting from aerobic or anaerobic fermentation of organic products alone or supplemented with mineral products. They are used in agriculture for various purposes, and its application promotes the improvement of physical and chemical properties and stimulating biological activity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development of banana plants subjected to biofertilizer irrigation applied at different stages of their development and activity of the microbiota of a Cambisol LatossÃlico Eutrophic. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse belonging to the sector of Soil Microbiology, Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Cearà (UFC). The soil used in the experiment was collected in an area of native vegetation, located in the area of commercial cultivation of banana, belonging to the Frutacor Tableland Farm, located in the city of QuixerÃ, CearÃ. Was considered, for purposes of collection, the soil to a depth of 0 to 20 cm. Initially, the samples were sent to the Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Department of Soil Science, where it recognized soil preliminary analysis for extraction and quantification of species of mycorrhizal fungi occurring naturally in the soil. The analysis consisted of extraction of spores, using the technique of wet sieving (Gerdemann & Nicolson, 1963). The experiment consisted of 12 treatments with 09 replicates, and 01 control treatment with 15 repetitions, totaling 123 plots. After 30, 45 and 60 days after planting (DAP, were removed 03 repetitions of the treatments, respectively, for evaluation of the mycorrhizal root. In the interval between the stages of planting seedlings and early application of biofertilizer was applied nutrient solution Hewitt (1966) no phosphorus for all the samples and the control treatment (T13) were given a complete nutrient solution with phosphorus, weekly until 90 days after acclimatization (Phase 1). Phase 2, after application of the treatments mentioned above, the evaluation consisted of the following: growth, content of mineral nutrients in plant root colonization (technical Phillips & Hayman, 1970 and Giovanetti & Mosse, 1980), determination of soil microbial biomass (MBC) according to Vance et al. (1987), soil basal respiration (SBR), quantification of CO2 released in mg C-CO2/100 cm3 of soil, during the time interval used in monitoring, and metabolic quotient (qCO2) calculated by the ratio of respiration basal and microbial biomass-C (Anderson & Domsch, 1978). The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design in a factorial 3 x 4. The soilsand mixture biofertilizer received in three different times of application (30,45 and 60 days after planting the seedlings), in four doses (0, 25, 50, 100%). The data were submitted to analysis of variance by F test and compare the means by Duncan test at 5% probability. After evaluating the results, we concluded that the biofertilization banana may occur 30 days after planting, and the 100% concentration the most suitable for plant growth; The biofertilizer at 100% independent the period that is initiated, promoted the production of dry matter and the contents of macronutrients (N, P, K, S, Ca, Na and Mg). The microbiological parameters were not influenced by the doses or times of application of biofertilizer, except for the metabolic quotient (qCO2) which was lower when applied to 100% dose of biofertilizer.

Orientador: Sarita Leonel<br>Banca: Regina Marta Evangelista<br>Banca: Carlos Ruggiero<br>Resumo: Considerando-se a importância da cultura da bananeira para o Estado de São Paulo, a grande quantidade de cultivares existentes no Brasil e a ausência de dados sobre esses cultivares em áreas de produção, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o crescimento de plantas, produção e qualidade de frutos de genótipos de 4 grupos genômicos de bananeira: 'Nanicão-IAC-2001', 'Grande Naine', 'Caipira' e 'Nam' (AAA); 'Maçã', 'Thap Maeo', 'Prata Anã' e 'Prata Zulu' (AAB); 'Fhia 01', 'Fhia 18', 'Prata Graúda' e 'Maçã Tropical' (AAAB) e 'Figo Cinza' (ABB), no município de Botucatu-SP. Foram avaliadas características de crescimento, como altura de plantas, circunferência do pseudocaule, número de folhas, número de dias entre o plantio e o florescimento, número de dias entre o florescimento e a colheita e número de dias do plantio a colheita; medidas na época de emissão da inflorescência. Também foram mensuradas características de produção, entre as quais, peso do cacho, número de frutos, peso médio dos frutos, produtividade, número de pencas; peso, número, comprimento e diâmetro de frutos da 2º penca. Os atributos fisicoquímicos e químicos analisados foram: textura, pH, acidez titulável, sólidos solúveis, açúcares totais, amido e potássio. Foi adotado o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 13 tratamentos (genótipos), 5 repetições e duas plantas por parcela. Foi utilizado o teste de Tukey (P 0,05) para a comparação entre médias de genótipos, dentro de cada grupo genômico. Além disso, realizaram-se possíveis correlações entre as características de crescimento e produção. Os resultados mostraram que no grupo AAA, 'Nanicão' apresentou boas características de crescimento, produção e qualidade dos frutos no entanto 'Grande Naine' apresentou maiores valores em termos... (resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Considering the importance of the banana culture in the State of São Paulo, the great number of cultivars found in Brazil and the absence of data about these cultivars in production areas, this work aimed to evaluate the plants growth, production and quality fruits of genotypes of 4 genomic groups of banana: 'Nanicão-IAC-2001', 'Grande Naine', 'Caipira' and 'Nam' (AAA); 'Maçã', 'Thap Maeo', 'Prata Anã' and 'Prata Zulu' (AAB); 'Fhia 01', 'Fhia 18', 'Prata Graúda' and 'Maçã Tropical' (AAAB) and 'Figo Cinza' (ABB), in Botucatu city, São Paulo state, Brazil. Some growth characteristics were evaluated such as: plant heights, the pseudostem circumference, number of leaves, number of days between planting and flowering, number of days between flowering and harvest and number of days from planting to harvest. These characteristics were measured at the flowering time. The production characteristics such as the bunch weigth, number of fruits, average weigth of the fruits, productivity, number of hands and weight, number, length and diameter of the fruits of the 2nd hand. The physical and chemical characteristics which were analysed were: firmness, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids, total sugars, starch and potassium. The experimental design was completely randomized, with 13 treatments (genotypes), 5 replications and 2 plants per plot. We used the test of Tukey (P 0.05) for the comparison between average of genotypes, within each group genomic. In addition to that, some possible correlation between growth and production were also established. The results indicated that in the group AAA, 'Nanicão' showed good characteristics regarding growth, production and quality of fruits. However, 'Grande Naine' had the highest values in productive terms. 'Nam' showed the lowest height, the shortest cycle, its fruits had the highest...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-08-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_gp_me_arafcf.pdf: 277509 bytes, checksum: 9c42f8ed17f55293db96b1936a84427e (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)<br>A banana é uma fruta cultivada em diversos países, sua produção mundial anual é de cerca de 104 milhões de toneladas. No Brasil, a cultura da banana ocupa o segundo lugar em volume de frutas produzidas e a terceira posição em área colhida. A fruta é classificada como um alimento com alto valor nutricional, contudo, contém, em sua composição, polifenóis, como por exemplo, flavonoides e ácidos fenólicos. Atualmente, tem havido um aumento considerável em pesquisas com antioxidantes de fontes naturais como, por exemplo, compostos fenólicos. Os compostos fenólicos são substâncias características de alimentos de origem vegetal e são considerados os antioxidantes de maior ingestão. Além da atividade antioxidante que essa classe de compostos apresenta, possui também uma vasta gama de atividades biológicas atribuída a ela, incluindo efeito antibacteriano, efeito antitrombótico, efeito vasodilatador, efeitos antiinflamatórios e anticarcinogênico mediados por diferentes mecanismos. Assim, foram determinados os teores de ácido ascórbico, de sólidos solúveis totais, de acidez total titulável, de compostos fenólicos totais, de flavonoides totais e atividade antioxidante (capacidade sequestrante dos radicais DPPH e ABTS) de quatro variedades de banana de sobremesa: ouro, prata, nanica, maçã e de duas de bananas de cozinhar: figo e terra. Para os teores de ácido ascórbico, as variedades apresentaram diferença significativa (p≤0,05), e as bananas de cozinhar obtiveram os maiores teores do composto, com níveis médios de 10,89mg/100g para banana da terra, e a variedade maçã apresentou o menor teor médio (5,62mg/100g). As concentrações de compostos fenólicos totais e de flavonoides totais foram significativamente...<br>Banana is a fruit grown in several countries. Its annual world production is around 104 million tonnes. In Brazil, banana culture sets the second place in volume of fruit produced and the third position in area harvested. This fruit is classified as a food with a high nutritional value, however it contains, in its composition, polyphenols, as for example, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Currently, there has been a considerable increase in researches with antioxidants from natural sources, such as phenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds are substances characteristics of foods of plant origin and are considered the most antioxidant intake. In addition to the antioxidant activity this class of compounds has, it also offers a wide range of biological activities assigned to it, including antibacterial effect, antithrombotic effect, vasodilatory effect, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects mediated by different mechanisms. Thus, the dessert banana varieties: ouro, prata, nanica, maçã and bananas for cooking: figo and terra have been examined in relation to their ascorbic acid contents, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and total antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenger capacity and ABTS). For contents of ascorbic acid, the fruits showed significant difference (p≤0,05), and bananas for cooking had the highest levels of the compound, with average levels of 10, 89mg/100g for terra banana, in contrast, the variety maçã presented lower level (5,62 mg/100 g). The concentration of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids had significant difference (p = 0.05), the variety ouro stood out with the largest value... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Célia Maria de Sylos<br>Banca: Eliane Maria Ravasi Stefano Simionato<br>Banca: Luís Vitor Silva do Sacramento<br>Resumo: A banana é uma fruta cultivada em diversos países, sua produção mundial anual é de cerca de 104 milhões de toneladas. No Brasil, a cultura da banana ocupa o segundo lugar em volume de frutas produzidas e a terceira posição em área colhida. A fruta é classificada como um alimento com alto valor nutricional, contudo, contém, em sua composição, polifenóis, como por exemplo, flavonoides e ácidos fenólicos. Atualmente, tem havido um aumento considerável em pesquisas com antioxidantes de fontes naturais como, por exemplo, compostos fenólicos. Os compostos fenólicos são substâncias características de alimentos de origem vegetal e são considerados os antioxidantes de maior ingestão. Além da atividade antioxidante que essa classe de compostos apresenta, possui também uma vasta gama de atividades biológicas atribuída a ela, incluindo efeito antibacteriano, efeito antitrombótico, efeito vasodilatador, efeitos antiinflamatórios e anticarcinogênico mediados por diferentes mecanismos. Assim, foram determinados os teores de ácido ascórbico, de sólidos solúveis totais, de acidez total titulável, de compostos fenólicos totais, de flavonoides totais e atividade antioxidante (capacidade sequestrante dos radicais DPPH e ABTS) de quatro variedades de banana de sobremesa: ouro, prata, nanica, maçã e de duas de bananas de cozinhar: figo e terra. Para os teores de ácido ascórbico, as variedades apresentaram diferença significativa (p≤0,05), e as bananas de cozinhar obtiveram os maiores teores do composto, com níveis médios de 10,89mg/100g para banana da terra, e a variedade maçã apresentou o menor teor médio (5,62mg/100g). As concentrações de compostos fenólicos totais e de flavonoides totais foram significativamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Banana is a fruit grown in several countries. Its annual world production is around 104 million tonnes. In Brazil, banana culture sets the second place in volume of fruit produced and the third position in area harvested. This fruit is classified as a food with a high nutritional value, however it contains, in its composition, polyphenols, as for example, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Currently, there has been a considerable increase in researches with antioxidants from natural sources, such as phenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds are substances characteristics of foods of plant origin and are considered the most antioxidant intake. In addition to the antioxidant activity this class of compounds has, it also offers a wide range of biological activities assigned to it, including antibacterial effect, antithrombotic effect, vasodilatory effect, anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic effects mediated by different mechanisms. Thus, the dessert banana varieties: ouro, prata, nanica, maçã and bananas for cooking: figo and terra have been examined in relation to their ascorbic acid contents, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and total antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenger capacity and ABTS). For contents of ascorbic acid, the fruits showed significant difference (p≤0,05), and bananas for cooking had the highest levels of the compound, with average levels of 10, 89mg/100g for terra banana, in contrast, the variety maçã presented lower level (5,62 mg/100 g). The concentration of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids had significant difference (p = 0.05), the variety ouro stood out with the largest value... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>O Nordeste brasileiro reÃne condiÃÃes edafoclimÃticas favorÃveis ao cultivo da banana, que pode ser comprovado pela posiÃÃo de destaque dessa regiÃo no cenÃrio produtivo brasileiro. Sendo uma fruta de preferÃncia mundial, e uma das mais exploradas no mundo, assume importÃncia fundamental, pelo seu valor econÃmico, nutritivo e social. A salinidade dos solos à um importante fator de estresse, ocorrendo em regiÃes semiÃridas e Ãridas do Nordeste brasileiro, onde a bananeira à cultivada. Neste contexto, os fungos micorrizicos arbuscular (FMA) vÃm sendo pesquisados nos Ãltimos anos, com o objetivo de minimizar algum dos efeitos do estresse salino nas plantas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de nÃveis de sais da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo sobre o acÃmulo de sais no solo, à colonizaÃÃo com FMA e ao desenvolvimento de mudas de bananeira Musa sp. colonizadas com fungos micorrizicos arbusculares nativos. Para isso foi instalado um experimento em casa de vegetaÃÃo do Departamento de CiÃncias do Solo da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, no Campus do Pici em Fortaleza. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas, correspondendo a 4 perÃodos de colheita (40, 60, 80 e 100 DAT) e 5 nÃveis de salinidade (0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5 e 4,5 dS m-1), com 4 repetiÃÃes totalizando 80 unidades experimentais. As mudas de bananeiras passaram por um perÃodo de aclimatizaÃÃo e micorrizaÃÃo de 40 dias apÃs o transplantio (DAT), sendo iniciada a aplicaÃÃo de Ãgua salina apÃs este perÃodo. A primeira coleta foi aos 40 DAT antes da aplicaÃÃo dos nÃveis de salinidade, sendo realizadas as outras coletas aos 60, 80 e 100 DAT, onde foram avaliados os parÃmetros: matÃria seca da parte aÃrea e altura das plantas, diÃmetro do XI pseudocaule, condutÃncia estomÃtica, taxa de transpiraÃÃo, taxa fotossintÃtica, pH do solo, condutividade elÃtrica do solo, colonizaÃÃo micorrÃzica radicular, densidade de esporos de FMA e respiraÃÃo basal do solo. O aumento da salinidade da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo provocou acÃmulo de sais no solo, medido pela condutividade elÃtrica, porÃm nÃo influenciou significativamente o pH. O aumento nos nÃveis de salinidade nÃo ocasionou diferenÃa significativa na condutÃncia estomÃtica, taxa de transpiraÃÃo das plantas, altura das plantas e diÃmetro do pseudocaule, porÃm reduziu a taxa fotossintÃtica e a produÃÃo de matÃria seca das plantas, notadamente apÃs 80 DAT; o aumento da salinidade da Ãgua de irrigaÃÃo reduziu os teores de N e K, e aumento nos teores de Na, porÃm nÃo influenciou os teores de P nas plantas. O aumento da salinidade reduziu a colonizaÃÃo micorrÃzica radicular e a respiraÃÃo basal do solo, porÃm nÃo influenciou a densidade de esporos de FMA no solo. De modo geral, as respostas observadas no solo (quÃmicas e microbiolÃgicas) e na planta, em conseqÃÃncia da salinidade, foram influenciadas pelo tempo de exposiÃÃo do sistema solo/planta aos diferentes tratamentos de irrigaÃÃo.<br>The Northeast of Brazil region meets the soil-climate conditions for a favorable cultivation of the banana plant, which can be demonstrated by the prominent position of the region as a great banana producer in the country. The banana is a fruit consumed all over the world, so being intensively cropped everywhere; its importance involves economic, nutritional and social aspects. The soil salinity represents a fundamental stress factor on the banana yield and such soil salinity is very common in northeast of Brazil (semi-arid climate) soils where the crop is widely grown. Under this conditions, arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) have been investigated lately with the objective to evaluate the role of the fungus in decreasing the plant salinity stress effects. Thus, the present study had the objective to investigate the effects of different irrigation water salt levels on: (a) the soil salt accumulation, (b) on the fungus (AMF) colonization, and (c) on the banana Musa sp. seedling plant growth colonized with native AMF. An experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions (belonging to Soil Science Department â Federal University of Cearà State â Campus PICI, Fortaleza city). The statistical design was an entirely randomized blocks, in subdivided plots, with a four harvest periods (40, 60, 80 and 100 days after planting), five level of soil salinity (0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5 and 4,5 dS m-1) and four replicates, summing a total of 80 treatments. The banana seedling plants were subjected to a 40 days period of adaptation for fungus infection (mycorrization) and afterwards being irrigated with saline water. The first harvest was at the 40 days after the planting; the other harvests were done at the 60, 80, and 100 days after the planting. The following variables were evaluated: aerial plant dry matter, plant height, stem diameter, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, soil pH, soil electrical conductivity, root fungus colonization, estimates of AMF sporous, and soil basic respiration. Increase in the irrigation water salt level caused salt accumulation in the soil which was measured through soil electrical conductivity; the soil pH was not significantly affected. The increasing soil salinity did not cause significant differences in the following varables: stomatal conductance, plant transpiration rate, plant height, and stem diameter, otherwise, it reduced the photosynthetic rate and the plant aerial dry matter yield, notably at the 80th after planting. The increase in the salinity of the irrigation water caused a reduction of N and K plant concentrations, but increased the Na concentration an had no effect on the XIII P. The root fungus colonization and the basic soil respiration were both reduced by the salinity of the irrigation water; AMF fungus sporous formation in the soil was not affected. In general, the responses observed in both soil (chemical and microbiological) and plant, as results of the water salinity, were affected by the time exposure of the system soil/plant to the different salinity irrigation water levels.

O estado de São Paulo destaca-se como o maior produtor nacional de banana (Musa spp.), com sua produção comercial tradicionalmente concentrada na região do Vale do Ribeira e no Litoral Paulista. No entanto, os cultivos se estenderam a partir da década de 1990 para o Planalto Paulista, onde agricultores buscavam uma maior diversificação das atividades agrícolas. A prevalência do cultivo com cultivares tradicionais tem sido desafiadora devido à suscetibilidade dessas às principais doenças. Objetivou-se avaliar dois novos híbridos tetraplóides (AAAB) resistentes à Sigatoka amarela (Mycosphaerella musicola, Leach), a \'BRS Platina\' e a \'BRS Princesa\', comparando-os com a cultivar comumente utilizada, a \'Prata-anã\' (AAB). No entanto, a adoção de novos híbridos de bananeira não se estabelece apenas pela sua resistência às doenças. Dessa forma, variáveis vegetativas, variáveis de rendimento do cacho e suas correlações, duração do ciclo e qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos também foram avaliadas. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Piracicaba-SP (latitude: 22 43\' 30\'\' S, longitude de 47 38\' 56\'\' O e altitude de 554 metros), que possui clima classificado como Cwa, com chuva predominante no verão e período mais seco e frio no inverno. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com a adoção de três repetições e a parcela composta por três plantas. Quanto às avaliações da qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos, o delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado, 12 dias de armazenamento, três repetições, cada qual constituída por três frutos. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística de variância e ao teste de Tukey a 5% de significância; análise de correlação com base na correlação de Pearson e análise de regressão a 5% de significância. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, conclui-se que as cultivares BRS Platina e BRS Princesa apresentam maior resistência à Sigatoka amarela em relação à cultivar Prata-anã, porém não diferem quanto ao rendimento do cacho. Quanto ao crescimento vegetativo, destaca-se o maior porte apresentado pelas novas cultivares, BRS Platina e BRS Princesa, podendo conferir às essas cultivares maior suscetibilidade ao tombamento, principalmente devido a frequência de ventos fortes na região. Em relação ao ciclo de produção as cultivares não diferem entre si. Quanto à qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos, as bananas \'BRS Platina\' apresentam um amadurecimento mais acelerado e, consequentemente, senescência dos frutos. Somente a cultivar BRS Platina apresenta correlação positiva entre variáveis vegetativas e produção.<br>São Paulo state stands out as the main producer of banana (Musa spp.). The commercial production is mostly concentrated at Vale do Ribeira region and São Paulo coast. However, at the 1990 decade Banana cultivation started spreading towards the Paulista plateau where farmers sought cropping diversification. Maintaining the use of traditional cultivars has been challenging due to their susceptibility to main diseases.This study aimed evaluating two recently breed tetraploids hybrids (AAAB), \'BRS Platina\' and \'BRS Princesa\' resistant to yellow Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella musicola, Leach), comparing it to the commonly used \'Prata-anã\' cultivar (AAB). Knowing that the adoption of a new hybrid does not take place by simply considering its resistance to diseases, the evaluation of vegetative parameters, bunch yield and its correlations, cycle duration and post-harvest quality of the fruits were necessary. The study was installed in Piracicaba-SP (latitude: 22 43\' 30\'\' S, longitude de 47 38\' 56\'\' W e altitude of 554 meters), with Cwa climate classification where most rain occurs during summer and the winter is dry and cold. The adopted experimental desing was randomized blocks, with three replicates and three plants per plot. The post-harvest evaluations took place in a complete randomized desing, with three replicates and plots composed of three bananas. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at the level of 5% of significance; Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis. The most valuable results related, the \'BRS Platina\' and \'BRS Princesa\' demonstre higher resistance to yellow Sigatoka when compared to \'Prata-anã\' but there are no difference in yield as a result of the components of the bunch of each cultivar. The news cultivars have pseudostem taller than \'Prata-anã\'. In terms of post-harvest quality, bananas \'BRS Platina\' has early fruit maturation, when compared to the others, and consequently sooner beginning off fruit decease process. Only the \'BRS Platina\' has positive correlation between vegetative and production parameters.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o controle do tripes (Thysanoptera) na cultura da bananeira (Musa sp), utilizando a proteção do cacho com sacos plásticos associados ou não com uso de inseticida, no momento da emissão da inflorescência e 15 dias após a emissão, fase em que o cacho apresenta as pencas formadas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com oito tratamentos e cinco repetições. Foram instalados dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro de julho a novembro de 2009, e o segundo de novembro de 2009 a fevereiro de 2010. As avaliações foram feitas quinze dias após a emissão da inflorescência e no estádio de ponto de colheita dos frutos, quantificando os sintomas de tripes na segunda, quinta e penúltima pencas do cacho. Para o tripes da erupção foram verificados os sintomas existentes numa área de circulo de 2,85cm2 de cada fruto, e para o tripes da ferrugem foram avaliados a porcentagem dos sintomas existente na área do fruto mais atacado da penca. No primeiro experimento, realizado em temperaturas mais amenas ocorreu menor incidência de pragas, sendo que para tripes da ferrugem foi insignificante e para tripes da erupção os melhores tratamentos foram os que iniciaram a proteção na emissão da inflorescência com sacos plásticos e produtos químicos O segundo experimento, conduzido em época com temperaturas mais elevadas e maior precipitação pluvial, apresentou maior incidência do tripes e os melhores tratamentos para ambos os tipos de tripes foram também os que utilizaram a proteção com sacos plásticos e produtos químicos na emissão da inflorescência. Conclui-se que a proteção com saco plástico associado às diferentes formas de aplicação de inseticida na fase da emissão da inflorescência promove o melhor controle do tripes da erupção e da ferrugem, e a incidência do tripes varia de acordo com a época do ano, ocorrendo maiores ataques em épocas com temperaturas mais elevadas.<br>This work consisted in study the control of thrips (Thysanoptera) in banana (Musa sp), using the protection of the bunch with plastic bags or not associated with the use of insecticide at the time of issuance of the inflorescence and 15 days after issue stage in the bunch has the bunches formed. The experiment was a completely randomized design with eight treatments and five replications. Two experiments were established, the first being from July to November 2009 and November 2009 to February 2010. The assessments were made fifteen days after issuance of the inflorescence and at the stage of fruit harvest point, quantifying the symptoms of thrips in the second, fifth and penultimate bunches of grapes. For eruption thrips of existing symptoms were observed in an area of a circle of 2.85 cm2 of each fruit, and for rust thrips, the percentage of symptoms existing in the area of wholesale fruit bunch more. In the first experiment, carried out in milder temperatures occurred less incidence of pests, and for rust thrips was negligible and eruption thrips of the best treatments were those who started the issue of protection in the inflorescences with plastic bags and chemicals. The second experiment, which was conducted at higher temperatures and increased rainfall, higher incidence of thrips and better treatments for both types of thrips were also those who had used protection with plastic bags and chemicals in the issuance of the inflorescence. It is concluded that the protection associated with plastic bags for various forms of insecticide application at the stage of inflorescence emission promotes better control of rust thrips and of eruption thrips, and the incidence of thrips varies with the seasons, occurring more attacks in periods with higher temperatures.

MASCENA, A. M. Desenvolvimento inicial da bananeira micorrizada e atividade microbiana em neosolo quartzarenico irrigado com água salina. 88 f. 2010. Dissertação (Mestrado em Solos e Nutrição de Plantas) - Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2010.<br>Submitted by Aline Nascimento (vieiraaline@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-06-10T15:28:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_ammascena.pdf: 1906484 bytes, checksum: efa97eb84ee48456a36681e24e3ee80a (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Aline Nascimento(vieiraaline@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-06-10T16:08:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_ammascena.pdf: 1906484 bytes, checksum: efa97eb84ee48456a36681e24e3ee80a (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-10T16:08:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_dis_ammascena.pdf: 1906484 bytes, checksum: efa97eb84ee48456a36681e24e3ee80a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010<br>The Northeast of Brazil region meets the soil-climate conditions for a favorable cultivation of the banana plant, which can be demonstrated by the prominent position of the region as a great banana producer in the country. The banana is a fruit consumed all over the world, so being intensively cropped everywhere; its importance involves economic, nutritional and social aspects. The soil salinity represents a fundamental stress factor on the banana yield and such soil salinity is very common in northeast of Brazil (semi-arid climate) soils where the crop is widely grown. Under this conditions, arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) have been investigated lately with the objective to evaluate the role of the fungus in decreasing the plant salinity stress effects. Thus, the present study had the objective to investigate the effects of different irrigation water salt levels on: (a) the soil salt accumulation, (b) on the fungus (AMF) colonization, and (c) on the banana Musa sp. seedling plant growth colonized with native AMF. An experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions (belonging to Soil Science Department – Federal University of Ceará State – Campus PICI, Fortaleza city). The statistical design was an entirely randomized blocks, in subdivided plots, with a four harvest periods (40, 60, 80 and 100 days after planting), five level of soil salinity (0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5 and 4,5 dS m-1) and four replicates, summing a total of 80 treatments. The banana seedling plants were subjected to a 40 days period of adaptation for fungus infection (mycorrization) and afterwards being irrigated with saline water. The first harvest was at the 40 days after the planting; the other harvests were done at the 60, 80, and 100 days after the planting. The following variables were evaluated: aerial plant dry matter, plant height, stem diameter, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, soil pH, soil electrical conductivity, root fungus colonization, estimates of AMF sporous, and soil basic respiration. Increase in the irrigation water salt level caused salt accumulation in the soil which was measured through soil electrical conductivity; the soil pH was not significantly affected. The increasing soil salinity did not cause significant differences in the following varables: stomatal conductance, plant transpiration rate, plant height, and stem diameter, otherwise, it reduced the photosynthetic rate and the plant aerial dry matter yield, notably at the 80th after planting. The increase in the salinity of the irrigation water caused a reduction of N and K plant concentrations, but increased the Na concentration an had no effect on the XIII P. The root fungus colonization and the basic soil respiration were both reduced by the salinity of the irrigation water; AMF fungus sporous formation in the soil was not affected. In general, the responses observed in both soil (chemical and microbiological) and plant, as results of the water salinity, were affected by the time exposure of the system soil/plant to the different salinity irrigation water levels.<br>O Nordeste brasileiro reúne condições edafoclimáticas favoráveis ao cultivo da banana, que pode ser comprovado pela posição de destaque dessa região no cenário produtivo brasileiro. Sendo uma fruta de preferência mundial, e uma das mais exploradas no mundo, assume importância fundamental, pelo seu valor econômico, nutritivo e social. A salinidade dos solos é um importante fator de estresse, ocorrendo em regiões semiáridas e áridas do Nordeste brasileiro, onde a bananeira é cultivada. Neste contexto, os fungos micorrizicos arbuscular (FMA) vêm sendo pesquisados nos últimos anos, com o objetivo de minimizar algum dos efeitos do estresse salino nas plantas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de níveis de sais da água de irrigação sobre o acúmulo de sais no solo, à colonização com FMA e ao desenvolvimento de mudas de bananeira Musa sp. colonizadas com fungos micorrizicos arbusculares nativos. Para isso foi instalado um experimento em casa de vegetação do Departamento de Ciências do Solo da Universidade Federal do Ceará, no Campus do Pici em Fortaleza. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em parcelas subdivididas, correspondendo a 4 períodos de colheita (40, 60, 80 e 100 DAT) e 5 níveis de salinidade (0,5; 1,5; 2,5; 3,5 e 4,5 dS m-1), com 4 repetições totalizando 80 unidades experimentais. As mudas de bananeiras passaram por um período de aclimatização e micorrização de 40 dias após o transplantio (DAT), sendo iniciada a aplicação de água salina após este período. A primeira coleta foi aos 40 DAT antes da aplicação dos níveis de salinidade, sendo realizadas as outras coletas aos 60, 80 e 100 DAT, onde foram avaliados os parâmetros: matéria seca da parte aérea e altura das plantas, diâmetro do XI pseudocaule, condutância estomática, taxa de transpiração, taxa fotossintética, pH do solo, condutividade elétrica do solo, colonização micorrízica radicular, densidade de esporos de FMA e respiração basal do solo. O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação provocou acúmulo de sais no solo, medido pela condutividade elétrica, porém não influenciou significativamente o pH. O aumento nos níveis de salinidade não ocasionou diferença significativa na condutância estomática, taxa de transpiração das plantas, altura das plantas e diâmetro do pseudocaule, porém reduziu a taxa fotossintética e a produção de matéria seca das plantas, notadamente após 80 DAT; o aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação reduziu os teores de N e K, e aumento nos teores de Na, porém não influenciou os teores de P nas plantas. O aumento da salinidade reduziu a colonização micorrízica radicular e a respiração basal do solo, porém não influenciou a densidade de esporos de FMA no solo. De modo geral, as respostas observadas no solo (químicas e microbiológicas) e na planta, em conseqüência da salinidade, foram influenciadas pelo tempo de exposição do sistema solo/planta aos diferentes tratamentos de irrigação.

Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) represent the fourth most important crop in the world. In 2017, an area of 5,637,508 hectares and a production of 153 million tons were reported. Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is considered one of the most destructive diseases of bananas and plantains worldwide. The pathogen Foc causes a typical wilt syndrome on infected plants, it has a saprophytic and parasitic phase in its life cycle. Fusarium wilt is a “polycyclic” disease. This pathogen shows a relatively diverse population genetic structure for a fungus apparently of asexual reproduction and is composed of different evolutionary lineages, which has 24 groups of vegetative compatibility (VCGs), two clades and nine clonal linage. Foc is a genetically diverse pathogen, although the available evidence so far indicates that it does not use the mechanisms of sexual reproduction, such as recombination, to increase its genetic diversity. Furthermore, the population of this fungus in Southeast Asia shows a high degree of variation, suggesting that Foc lineages evolved together with their hosts in Southeast Asia. Alternatively, it has been suggested that Foc has multiple independent evolutionary origins, both within and outside of the Musaceae origin center.