Journal articles: 'Banbury mixer'

1

Freakley, Philip K. "Distributive Mixing Characteristics of Batch Internal Mixers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 65, no. 4 (September 1, 1992): 706–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538636.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The distributive mixing characteristics of three internal mixers are examined: a Parrel BR Banbury (1.6 L), a Farrel F40 Banbury (40 L), and a Francis Shaw K1 Intermix (5.5 L). The former two machines have two-wing tangential rotors while the latter has intermeshing rotors. The distribution of sulfur in mixed batches of an EPDM compound and an SBR compound, as measured by curemeter tests on samples taken from random locations within each batch, is used to quantify distributive mixing. The dominant influence on sulfur distribution is total rotor revolutions and a maximum of 20 rotor revolutions is adequate for distribution of powder sulfur in each mixer. The effects on distribution of rotor speed, rubber compound rheology, and mixer size are insignificant.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Cheng, Jing-Jy, and Ica Manas-Zloczower. "Hydrodynamic analysis of a Banbury mixer." Polymer Engineering and Science 29, no. 11 (June 1989): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291102.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Griffith, R. M., R. Kannabiran, and G. S. Tomlinson. "Rubber Flow in an Internal Mixer." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 60, no. 1 (March 1, 1987): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536112.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A number of experimental studies have improved understanding of rubber flow in internal mixers. Freakley and Van Idris obtained flow patterns and areas of fill by photographing through a transparent end plate of a small internal mixer during rubber mixing. White and Min obtained additional information by videotaping through transparent end plates and body sides of a small internal mixer during rubber mixing. Sata and associates used observations of flow of polymer solutions in a transparent Banbury mixer to help optimize rotor design. Freakley and Van Idris, Freakley and Patel, and Toki and associates used responses from pressure sensors installed in the body of Banbury mixers to infer the fill and flow directions during rubber mixing. Here we report findings based on direct examination of the contents of a Brabender mixer removed after curing in place so as to limit further flow after stopping mixing. The technique used is basically the same as that employed in the past to determine flow patterns in screw extruders. Melotto has also used this method without curing in work to optimize mixer geometry.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Cheng, J. J., and I. Manas-Zloczower. "Flow Field Characterization in a Banbury Mixer." International Polymer Processing 5, no. 3 (September 1990): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.900178.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Yang, H. H., and I. Manas-Zloczower. "3D Flow Field Analysis of a Banbury Mixer." International Polymer Processing 7, no. 3 (September 1992): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.920195.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

de Freitas, P. Scandiucci, and Marco-A. De Paoli. "Reactive processing of polyaniline in a banbury mixer." Synthetic Metals 102, no. 1-3 (June 1999): 1012–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(98)01245-4.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

YAMAGUCHI, YUJI. "Mixing Method by Combining Banbury-mixer and Roller." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 71, no. 9 (1998): 578–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.71.578.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

White, James L. "Development of Internal-Mixer Technology for the Rubber Industry." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 65, no. 3 (July 1, 1992): 527–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538629.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The early rubber industry was largely based on mixing with two-roll mills. The coming of the pneumatic-tire industry associated with the rise in popularity of the automobile brought increasing production and large quantities of fine particles and poisonous vulcanization accelerators. This made necessary the introduction of internal mixers into the rubber industry by the second decade of the 20th century. This paper treats the development of internal mixer technology from its origins in the 19th century to the late 1980's, largely through critically following the patent literature. There seems to be no other critical review of the development of internal mixer technology, and this manuscript is unique. Briefly, the technology development we will describe is as follows: There were two conflicting design approaches, one based upon a single-rotor masticator devised by Thomas Hancock in the early 19th century and a second based upon two nonintermeshing counterrotating rotors which were championed by Paul Pfleiderer later in that century and manufactured by his firm, Werner and Pfleiderer. As late as the mid 1920's, machines based on both the single rotor and two nonintermeshing rotor designs competed with each other for the internal-mixer market. The insight, perseverance, intensity, and dedication of Fernley H. Banbury and the Birmingham Iron Foundry (later merged into Farrel-Birmingham) brought about the design which proved to be the paradigm of the industry. Innovation, however, continued in internal-mixer technology. The most striking new development of the post-Banbury period was the invention and application of intermeshing counter-rotating rotor mixers in 1934 by Rupert Cooke of Francis Shaw and Company. Werner and Pfleiderer developed and worked with many internal-mixer designs and in time began to manufacture both nonintermeshing- and intermeshing-rotor machines. In the 1950's and 1960's, Kobe Steel and Pomini began to manufacture internal mixers as Farrel-Birmingham licensees. This period also saw developments of nonintermeshing-rotor internal mixers. The basic Banbury design maintained its position and its manufacturer, Farrel-Birmingham (later Farrel), devised improvements of it. Innovations in the design were also made from the late 1970's by Kobe Steel, now operating independently. Pomini also began operating independently, manufacturing not only nonintermeshing machines but a unique intermeshing-rotor machine with variable clearance between the rotors. In recent years, we have seen the development of increasingly improved control systems for the internal mixer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Ujianto, Onny, Margaret Jollands, and Nhol Kao. "Polyethylene/Clay Nanocomposites Prepared in an Internal Mixer: Effect of Processing Variable on Mechanical Properties." Advanced Materials Research 1105 (May 2015): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1105.46.

Full text

Abstract:

Polymer/clay nanocomposites have been explored extensively over the last two decades. Many studies report nanocomposite properties. However, studies on the effect of processing conditions are still limited. This study evaluates the effect of rotor type, rotor rotation (rpm) and mixing time on mechanical properties of polyethylene organoclay composites. Samples were fabricated using two different rotors; roller and Banbury, in an internal batch mixer at various mixing conditions. The analysis shows that the Banbury rotor improved mechanical properties more than the roller rotor. Shear and diffusion mechanism, as well as material degradation, were the controlling factors at different processing conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Donoian, G. S., E. L. Canedo, and L. N. Valsamis. "Optimizing Mixing in the Banbury Mixer with Synchronous Technology (ST) Rotors." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 65, no. 4 (September 1, 1992): 792–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538642.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This presentation is concerned with the mixing performance of the new ST™ rotor design in Banbury® mixers operating at even speed. Rotor orientation was used to optimize machine performance in mixing a standard one-step rubber formulation, in terms of productivity, energy consumption, and product quality. Experimental data is presented on mixer discharge temperature, Mooney viscosity, and maximum rheometer torque, and their standard deviation. The effect of rotor orientation on these parameters is discussed, and optimal rotor configurations are identified.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

NAKAMURA, Norihiko, Hiroyuki SHIRAI, and Hirofumi HAYASHI. "Polymer Modification Technology by the Reactive Mixing Using Banbury Mixer." NIPPON GOMU KYOKAISHI 82, no. 8 (2009): 339–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2324/gomu.82.339.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Tan, L. S., A. J. McHugh, M. A. Gülgün, and W. M. Kriven. "Evolution of mechano-chemistry and microstructure of a calcium aluminate-polymer composite: Part II. Mixing rate effects." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 7 (July 1996): 1739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0218.

Full text

Abstract:

Microstructure, microchemistry and mechanical properties of hardened macro-defect-free (MDF) composites processed at various rotor rates in a Banbury mixer were investigated. A quiescently formed calcium aluminate-polyvinyl alcohol composite served as a substitute for an unmixed system. Results from the Banbury studies in conjunction with microchemical analysis of the unmixed composite showed evidence that the polymer-particle interaction is a mechanically induced crosslinking reaction. The rate of the mechano-chemistry increases with mixing speeds. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) and transmission electron micrographs (TEM) of hardened composites mixed for 15 min at 30, 50, 100, and 200 rpm indicate that much of the mechanical strength of MDF is due to the crosslinked interphase zones that blanket the cement grains. Stresses in the paste due to mixing can destroy the interphase layer, leading to a weaker hardened composite. Microchemical analysis revealed that the mechano-chemistry of the system did not vary with changes in the mixing conditions studied.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Kim, Pan Soo, and James L. White. "Flow Visualization of Intermeshing and Separated Counter-Rotating Rotor Internal Mixer." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 67, no. 5 (November 1, 1994): 880–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538719.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A flow visualization investigation of material motions and compounding in an internal mixer with intermeshing rotors is described. Rotors based on the design of R. T. Cooke of Francis Shaw and Company are used. Compared with separated rotor designs developed by F. H. Banbury, the distinctive feature is the passage of the rubber and compounding ingredients through the calendering gap between the rotors during mixing. The intermeshing rotors were found to rapidly circulate the materials from rotor to rotor around the mixing chamber and to more rapidly incorporate carbon black and oil relative to double-flighted separated rotors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Min, Kyonsuku, and James L. White. "Flow Visualization of the Motions of Elastomers and Molten Plastics in an Internal Mixer." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 5 (November 1, 1985): 1024–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536098.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A basic study of flow visualization of motions of elastomers in a model internal mixer with Banbury rotors has been presented. The behavior of butadienestyrene copolymers (SBR), cis-polybutadiene (BR), natural rubber (NR), and various molten plastics has been investigated. The SBR's and BR behave similarly, exhibiting tearing when stretched by the moving rotor tip away from the bridge in the mixer. This results in large stagnant regions between the bridge and ram in the mixer. The NR does not tear but stretches out when the rotor tip pulls it around the rotor circumference. At low fill factors, the NR bands about the rotors. Studies of molten plastics including low density, high density polyethylene and polystyrene are also reported. Longitudinal motions of rubber on the rotors have been investigated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ghosh, Soumen, Sanjay Kumar Bhattacharyya, Samar Bandyopadhyay, Saikat Dasgupta, and Rabindra Mukhopadhyay. "Development of a Passenger-Car Radial-Tyre Sidewall Compound by the Reactive Processing of an NR/BR/EPDM Blend in a Banbury Mixer." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 28, no. 1 (February 2012): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776061202800102.

Full text

Abstract:

In the present study, EPDM (of higher and lower ENB grade) was pretreated inside a Banbury chamber and then mixed with an NR/BR blend in a typical passenger-car radial formulation in order to overcome incompatibility issues arising out of the direct mixing of an NR/BR/EPDM blend. With incorporation of pretreated EPDM in an NR/BR blend, it was possible to reduce antidegradant and wax dosages, with improvement in ozone resistance, fatigue to failure, and cut growth properties.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Cheng, Jing-Jy, and Ica Manas-Zloczower. "Hydrodynamic analysis of a banbury mixer 2-D flow simulations for the entire mixing chamber." Polymer Engineering and Science 29, no. 15 (August 1989): 1059–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291512.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Ahmed Salahudeen, Shafaat, Rabeh H. Elleithy, Othman AlOthman, and S. M. AlZahrani. "Comparative study of internal batch mixer such as cam, banbury and roller: Numerical simulation and experimental verification." Chemical Engineering Science 66, no. 12 (June 2011): 2502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2011.02.017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Freakley, P. K., and B. R. Matthews. "The Development of a Real-Time Control System for Internal Mixers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 60, no. 4 (September 1, 1987): 618–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536146.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The Batch Condition Control System has been shown to give good batch-to-batch repeatability of both viscous flow behavior and crosslinking characteristics for both fixed speed and variable speed mixing. It has also been shown to be capable of adjusting the mixing treatment to compensate for substantial changes in the properties of NR. Stress-relaxation results showed unexpectedly broad distributions. Lack of a comprehensive history of stress-relaxation results from the Negretti TMS biconical rotor rheometer makes it difficult to reach firm conclusions. The results for highly filled and thixotropic compounds are not comparable with those from other stress relaxometers such as the Monsanto SRPT and the BFGoodrich DSR, due to the small initial strain imposed on the sample by these instruments. Two possible causes of the broad distributions can be identified: 1) The sensitivity of the stress relaxation measurement. 2) The mode of flow in the chamber of a Farrel Banbury Mixer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Gülgün, M. A., W. M. Kriven, L. S. Tan, and A. J. McHugh. "Evolution of mechano-chemistry and microstructure of a calcium aluminate-polymer composite: Part I. Mixing time effects." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 7 (July 1995): 1746–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.1746.

Full text

Abstract:

Paste development and evolution of microstructure, microchemistry, and mechanical properties of macro-defect-free composites were investigated. Mixing torque plots from a Banbury mixer showed a “window of processibility” within which an optimum polymer-particle network structure formed. This processing window can be controlled by mixing rate and temperature. Network development during paste formation governed the flexural strength and microstructure of the cured material. Electron microscopy studies of the composites corresponding to various points along the mixing torque curve revealed a matrix formation-destruction process that was linked to the mixing activity and the mechano-chemistry of the system. Microchemical evolution in the composite was studied by EDS. These studies suggested that a combined convection and diffusion mechanism was responsible for the migration of Al3+ and Ca2+ ions into the different regions of the microstructure. Increasing concentrations of these elements in the polymer regions stiffened the matrix, leading to complete degradation on further mixing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Meşe, Pınar, Bağdagül Karaağaç, and Nurseli Uyanık. "Investigating Effect of Chrome Tanned Leather Scraps in Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer Rubber." Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology 34, no. 2 (May 2018): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147776061803400202.

Full text

Abstract:

Nowadays, amount of chrome tanned leather scraps (CTL) of leather industry is increasing rapidly due to decreasing interest on CTL utilization in related areas. These kind of wastes cause considerable negative environmental effects and therefore CTL producers should find new recycling and/or disposing routes for them. It is speculated that CTL may be a valuable additive in rubber based materials thanks to its similar bending properties. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate rheological, thermal, mechanical, morphological, and aging properties of CTL loaded EPDM based rubber compounds. CTL wastes are incorporated into EPDM in various ratios by using a banbury mixer and two roll mill, subsequently. Rheological measurements show that CTL incorporation does not cause considerable losses in compound properties. Higher glass transition temperatures of CTL containing composites are attributed to restricted chain mobility of EPDM in the composites. Cheap CTL incorporation significantly improves the tear resistance of EPDM before and after thermal aging due to fibrous nature of leather.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Manas-Zloczower, Ica. "Studies of Mixing Efficiency in Batch and Continuous Mixers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 67, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 504–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538687.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract In this paper we have reviewed some of the results of 3-D, isothermal flow simulations for batch and continuous mixers. The flow patterns were obtained by using FIDAP, a fluid dynamics analysis package based on the finite element method. The problem of time dependent flow boundaries due to the rotations of the rotors in the Banbury mixer, was solved by selecting a number of sequential geometries to represent a complete cycle. Non-slip boundary conditions for the stationary and moving surfaces were employed. For different regions of continuous mixers we used a nominal value for the normal stress difference in the axial direction as an additional boundary condition. The results obtained in terms of velocity and pressure profiles were further processed to analyze mixing efficiency. Dispersive mixing efficiency was studied in terms of the shear stresses generated and the elongational characteristics of the flow field. Distribution plots for shear stresses and a parameter λ, quantifying the elongational flow components, were obtained in various regions of the mixing equipment. Volumetric distributions for the same parameters as well as average values can be also used to analyze dispersive mixing efficiency. Distributive mixing was studied numerically by means of tracking particles in the mixing equipment. In batch mixers or batch elements of continuous mixers distributive mixing can be well characterized in terms of the pairwise correlation function. In continuous mixing equipment, distributive mixing can be analyzed in terms of concentration functions and the spatial evolution of pairwise correlation functions. The framework developed to analyze dispersive and distributive mixing efficiency opens the way for an unambiguous evaluation of the performance of any mixing equipment and, furthermore, for their design and process optimization.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Ichazo, M. N., C. Albano, M. Hernández, J. González, and A. Carta. "Effects of Particle Size and Size Distribution on the Mechanical Properties of EPDM/Silica Vulcanizates." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.113.

Full text

Abstract:

In this work we present the influence of different particle size (surface areas: 120,150, 200 and 250 m2/g) and size distribution of precipitated silica on the mechanical properties of Ethylene- Propylene-Diene (EPDM) rubber. The vulcanization system employed was efficient. Compounds were prepared using a Banbury internal mixer. Tensile and tear properties of vulcanized blends were determined according to ASTM D412 and ASTM D624 procedures, respectively. Results show an increasing tendency on tensile properties when particle size decreases, due to the better dispersion of the filler and to a greater interaction with the rubber. Increases of up to 500% on tensile strength and 400% on tear strength were observed. However, there was an incoherent behavior for the silica with surface area of 200 m2/g (Si-200), so size distribution of the aggregates was experimentally determined by a microphotography study. Secondary aggregates size distribution was very different for each type of silica. Aggregates for Si-200 presented a bimodal distribution where the greater frequencies correspond to aggregates with surface area higher than the corresponding values for the Si-120. This fact could explain why the mechanical properties of the EPDM filled with Si-200 are not in between the values of the compounds filled with Si-150 and Si-250.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Hao, Xi Hai, and Shu Wen. "Research on Plasticizing Properties and Mechanism of PVA." Advanced Materials Research 1096 (April 2015): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1096.181.

Full text

Abstract:

Taking glycerol as the plasticizer, through its effect on melting and crystallization of PVA, this paper researches on the plasticizing properties and mechanism of PVA, and provides experimental and theoretical basis for the realization of PVA’s melt processing. Research Methods: Matching samples respectively, mix each sample in an electric high-speed mixer with a mixing temperature of 80 °C. And then, put each sample in a Banbury mixer, mixing for 10 minutes with a rotational speed of 45rm/min. Take out each sample to analyze its characterization and do some tests, including infrared analysis, DSC test, X-ray diffraction test, and rheological curve measurement. Experimental Results: After adding glycerol, there exist two more absorption peaks near the point of 1621cm-1 in the PVA infrared spectrum, and the crystallization peak at 1267cm-1 is decreased gradually. In the DSC chart, when the amount of glycerol increasing to 16.67%, the melting point of PVA is decreased to 212 °C, and its melting range is 191 °C-223 °C. Under this condition, the melting range has been completely separated from the decomposition temperature range. X-ray diffraction shows that glycerol is added no significant effect on the diffraction angle of the PVA, the diffraction peak intensity decreased significantly increases the degree of dispersion. Under the same temperature, with the shear rate increasing, the shear viscosity has a downward trend; as the temperature increases, the shear viscosity and shear stress of the system are gradually decreasing. Conclusion: Glycerol may lower the melting temperature because it can improve the segmental mobility of PVA and reduce the crystalline regions. However, the amount of glycerol should not be too much, or the plasticizing effects will be drastically reduced because of the separation. The research also find that a certain amount of glycerol used alone cannot reduce the decomposition temperature but decrease the melting temperature, which still cannot meet the melt processing conditions. The excessive glycerol can easily be precipitated from PVA, resulting in the product surface being oily and crisp.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Freakley, P. K., and S. R. Patel. "Internal Mixing: A Practical Investigation of the Flow and Temperature Profiles during a Mixing Cycle." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 58, no. 4 (September 1, 1985): 751–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3536091.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract From the results of mixing trials with a highly instrumented BR Banbury and biconical rotor rheometry of mixed batches, a detailed analysis of flow and mixing characteristics in the region of a rotor wing has been undertaken. An ‘angled spreader blade’ analogy of the rotor wing is proposed as being a viable basis for mathematical modelling. A one-dimensional flow analysis is used, in which power-law flow behavior and isothermal conditions are assumed. Dispersive mixing, which depends on the stress levels generated during mixing, is shown to occur throughout the entire mass of material swept in front of the rotor wing and not simply at the rotor tip. In addition, the stress levels depend more strongly on batch temperature than on rotor speed. High rotor speeds tend to lead to reduced stress levels as a result of the associated rapid rise in batch temperature, although choosing an appropriate fill factor can minimize temperature rise by promoting efficient heat transfer to the cooling water. During each rotor revolution, the rotor wing collects a mass of material from the reservoir between the rotors. This mass of material is then progressively reduced by leakage flow under the rotor tip and flow around the end of the wing, until the revolution is completed by the return of a residue to the reservoir. The flow around the end of the rotor is shown to be consistently greater than the leakage flow, although the ratio can be influenced by both fill factor and rotor speed. At high rotor speeds and low fill factors, it appears that material is retained in the regions of the side frames of the mixer and may give batch inhomogeneity through poor distribution mixing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Gulgun, M. A., and W. M. Kriven. "Characterization of macro-defect-free processing in a Banburry-type mixer." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 650–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100170980.

Full text

Abstract:

Macro-defect-free cement (MDF) is a composite material consisting of a tightly bound network of inorganic calcium aluminate (CA) cement grains embedded in an polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) organic matrix. The standard composition starts with a mixed batch made of 83.8 wt% CA, 5.9 wt% partially hydrolyzed PVA, 9.6 wt% water and 0.6 wt% glycerine. The damp powder is further shear-mixed in a Banburry type mixer. During this step, the mix converts into a dough-like, viscoplastic paste which further can be processed by extrusion or molding to a desired shape. Viscoplastic paste formation is a crucial stage in processing and results from mechano-chemical (i.e. mechanically assisted) reactions between the polymer and the hydrating cement phases. The viscoplastic flow is only observed within a certain processing time interval, i.e. window of processability (Regions II and III in Fig. 1). Prolonged shear mixing reverts the system back into a friable, powdery mass. The rheology of the composite paste is monitored in terms of the torque required to flow the mix at a constant rpm.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Rajamani, Divakar, and Gajendra Kumar Adil. "Scheduling and sequencing of rubber compounds on banbury mixers in a tyre company." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 14, no. 4 (April 1998): 298–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01199885.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Lomte, R. U., S. P. Bhosle, P. M. Ambad, and R. A. Gaikwad. "Reliability Improvement for TSR Machine of Banburry Mixer using Plant Optimization Process." Procedia Manufacturing 20 (2018): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.064.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Ogbebor, Ogbemudia, Ndubuisi Okwu, Ebhodaghe Okieimen, and Daniel Okuonghae. "Physico-mechanical properties of elastomers based on natural rubber filled with silica and clay." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 16, no. 4 (2010): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq100110038o.

Full text

Abstract:

The elastomers based on natural rubber (NR) and silica and clay fillers have been investigated for its physico-mechanical properties. The various mixes were compounded in a Banbury-Pullen laboratory mill and vulcanized using the efficient vulcanization system. The Oscillating Disc Rheometer (ODR) was used for determination of cure characteristics. It was estimated that replacement of silica with clay up to 30 phr (50% replacement) increased the compound cure rate with a reduction in absolute torque level (Tmax) of the natural rubber mix. Scorch time (Ts2) was observed to be highest at 30/30 filler ratio. Hardness and tensile properties of obtained elastomeric materials were studied. Results show a decrease in parameters as the replacement of silica with natural clay progresses. There was an improvement in elongation at break with increasing the clay content. The replacing of silica filler with clay reduced the abrasion properties (mg. loss/1000 rev.).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Hess, W. M., C. R. Herd, and P. C. Vegvari. "Characterization of Immiscible Elastomer Blends." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 66, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 329–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538316.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Considerable improvements have been made in the analysis of elastomer blends for composition, morphology and filler inter-phase distribution. GC, IR, NMR and thermal analysis (DTG, DSC, TG) techniques can provide quantitative information on composition. The latter three methods, along with SAXS, SANS, DMTA and microscopy (LM phase contrast, TEM, SEM, AFM) are also useful for resolving differences in blend homogeneity. The microscopical techniques are the most useful for characterizing morphology. TEM, in conjunction with cryosectioning and staining techniques, has provided the best means of resolving filler distribution to date. However, new AFM scanning modes may provide improved analyses in the future. Carbon black inter-phase distribution in blends of NR, SBR and BR can be controlled reasonably well by blending Banbury mixed masterbatches containing the desired carbon black loading in each polymer. Transfer of carbon black from one elastomer to another is favored by low unsaturation for the polymer originally containing the black, or a low heat history (e.g. solution and latex mixing) during preparation of the masterbatch. The overall polymer interaction with carbon black increases in the order: IIR, EPDM, NR, BR, SBR, the latter two being fairly close. Commercial carbon blacks will transfer extensively from an IIR Banbury masterbatch to NR, but not from EPDM to NR. Significant transfer to SBR occurs from both IIR and EPDM. Inert (partially graphitized) carbon blacks tend to distribute more evenly between the blend components regardless of which polymer contained them initially. Carbon black phase distributional variations can cause significant changes in unvulcanized and vulcanized rubber properties. For NR/BR and NR/SBR blends, reduced hysteresis generally occurs with a higher carbon black loading in the NR phase. Tear strength and cut growth tend to be maximized with higher carbon black in the continuous polymer phase, particularly when that phase is the higher strength polymer. The smaller the carbon black particle size, the greater the improvement in tear strength as a function of phase distribution. NR/BR fatigue life was maximized with about an equal distribution of carbon black in each polymer. This type of carbon black distribution also produced the greatest resistance to ozone cracking for NR/EPDM blends, which were further improved with very small domain size for the EPDM (disperse) phase. The abrasion resistance of NR/BR blends has indicated some improvement in the direction of higher carbon black in the BR. These results have been variable, however, and further study is needed for clarification.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Mustoe, George E., and Estella B. Leopold. "Paleobotanical evidence for the post-Miocene uplift of the Cascade Range." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 51, no. 8 (August 2014): 809–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2013-0223.

Full text

Abstract:

Five Neogene floras in southern Washington and northwest Oregon indicate that the uplift of the Cascade Range occurred after ∼8–6 Ma. Miocene floras west of the range (Wilkes and Faraday floras) resemble paleofloras of correlative age to the east (Rattlesnake Hills, Palouse Falls, and lower Ringold). The statistical similarity of Miocene floras east and west of the Cascade Range axis demonstrates that a similar mesic, warm climate across the Pacific Northwest existed during the Middle and Late Miocene. These floras represent mixed hardwood–conifer forests that commonly contained Taxodium (bald cypress) and other mesophytic taxa. Based on Jaccard similarity coefficients calibrated with climatic data from modern plant communities, these paleofloras indicate a climate that was summer–wet, unlike that of the Pacific Northwest today. The annual precipitation was >100 cm, and the estimated mean annual temperatures of the fossil sites were 12–13 °C. The Miocene floras indicate that the development of a Cascade rain shadow in eastern Washington did not develop until after the deposition of the lower Ringold Formation in eastern Washington. That conclusion is reinforced by a well-documented climate and sediment sequence in the Snake River Valley, Idaho. There, well-dated pollen sections record a sharp decrease (by ∼30%–50%) in the annual precipitation regime after the Late Miocene Banbury Basalt and Poison Creek formations and before ∼3.4 Ma. The existence of extensive late Ringold sediments uplifted on the north side of Saddle Mountain indicates that the structural lifting of the Cascade Range had begun by 3.1 Ma (Pliocene). These data all suggest that the lifting of the Cascades occurred after Miocene time, and that the Cascade rain shadow developed during the Pliocene.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Puspitasari, Nia Budi, and Avior Bagas E. "PERHITUNGAN NILAI OVERALL EQUIPMENT EFFECTIVENESS MESIN MIXER BANBURY 270 L DAN MESIN BIAS CUTTING LINE 2 (STUDI KASUS PT. SURYARAYA RUBBERINDO INDUSTRIES)." J@TI UNDIP : JURNAL TEKNIK INDUSTRI 10, no. 1 (January 23, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.12777/jati.10.1.41-50.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Banbury mixer'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles