Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Banc d'arguin'
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Correra, Aminata. "Dynamique de l'utilisation des ressources fourragères par les dromadaires des pasteurs nomades du Parc national du Banc d'Arguin (Mauritanie)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0021.
Full textThe Banc d’Arguin National Park (PNBA) extends either sides of the twentieth parallel over 180 km of the Mauritanian Atlantic coastline. It boasts an area of 12,000 km2, equally distributed between a marine/coastal and a continental area. Contrary to the maritime part which benefited from considerable research efforts, in particular in halieutics, the continental part never was the subject of thorough studies except for sporadic botanical prospections by eminent researchers like Monod, Lamarche, Spruyte, Hugot, Murat, Zolotarevsky. . . . The continental area belongs to Tasiat, a pastoral mainstay for many centuries. For a long time, it provided one of the main stage for transhumance and nomadism in Mauritania. Up to a recent time, the vegetation of this zone was used regularly for pastoral purposes by camel herds along a north-south / south-north axis. But for several decades and even more since the 70’s and 80’s, the pastoral potential of this territory faded, the wadis disappeared, the well output and their number decreased after regular drought occurring in the PNBA as all over Mauritania. This climatic failure led to unpredictible pasture lands and disusal of a territory much coveted in the past by a majority of the nomadic population and herds using its resources. The nomadic population linked to the Park’s territory adopted a strategy commanded by the new conditions imposed by the drought. This strategy is based on their perfect empirical knowledge of their territory, the behavior of their animals, the vegetation, the grazing areas and the empirical fodder quality of the remaining vegetation, a result of their long experience and patient observations over generations. Based on a multi-disciplinary approach, we attempted to compare the hierarchy of feeding values attributed by the nomads to those values determined by scientific analysis using multivariate statistics (comparison of typological analysis). Results of the analysis show that empirical knowledge only partially corroborates biological reality and that, meanwhile, the typology of species based on chemical analyses translates only imperfectly the hierarchy of feeding values used by camel herders. The actual values certainly depend on the chemical composition of plants but also on the way the camel herders and their animals make use of available resources. This empirical knowledge which integrates the phenologic evolution of the plants (time) and their distribution (space) deserves to be taken into account by the scientists. Combined with the development of specific research, this knowledge could not only add to the scientific data but also constitute the best suited way to sustainably manage a territory weakened by drought thanks to the invaluable help of a skilful “native” population, the nomadic herders
Diop, Mika Samba. "Ecologie et dynamique des populations de praires (Venus rosalina) à l'ouest du Banc d'Arguin (Mauritanie)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376132314.
Full textArtaud, Hélène. "La poïétique des flots : ouvrir, construire, et refermer la mer dans le Banc d'Arguin (Mauritanie)." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0469.
Full textThe sea is not an immuable and pre-existent undifferentiated space. It renews, constructs and elaborates itself following distinct rationales which are complementary or conflicting, convergent or divergent. The imragen fishermen community of Mauritania shows an immeasurable diversity of arrangements representations and ways to domesticate the sea in spite of a strong pastoral base. The goal of our thesis is to reveal its uniqueness, its richness and its transformations in the aftermath of the Banc d'Arguin National Parc creation whose territory is occupied by part of these communities
Diop, Mika Samba. "Ecologie et dynamique des populations de praires (venus rosalina) a l'ouest du banc d'arguin "mauritanie"." Brest, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BRES2002.
Full textDia, Abdoul. "Les plateformes littorales des marges stables désertiques : étude sédimentologique, stratigraphique et morphologique des unités fini-holocènes (=néholocène) du banc d'Arguin (Mauritanie)." Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1154.
Full textMauritania has a coastline of 720 km sheltering the Gulf of Arguin in its northern part. This marine termination Sahara is an area of shallow, less than 20 meters, consisting of a coastal platform, the basin and shoals of Arguin, and a broad coastal plain. The subject was to identify and understand the stages and modalities that led to the development of these vast coastal environments in particular in view of their preservation and the specificity of this work lies in the need for information as well as in marine area and prograding terrestrial domain. In i terrestrial part, the Banc d'Arguin shows sedimentary structures whose setting is the result of the reworking of a hydro-aeolian sediment input during the Neholocene. Covered by Neolithic shell middens, they are dated between 6500 and 2700 years BP. In the marine domain, the use of seismic data has enabled the identification and description of the units constituting the Arguin basin. Surficial sediments were studied in more detail. The study focused on the issue of sea level, the chronology and the paleogeographic evolution of Neholocene shorelines and the forcing factors. A comparison with similar environments in the world shows that the Banc d'Arguin is in a specific position for such environments that are normally characterized by biogenic and biochemical carbonate and evaporitic sedimentation. Here the aeolian input of fine detrital material under the influence of offshore winds prevents the expression of these characters
Seneh, Khadijetou. "Système territorial et développement : impact de la route Nouakchott-Nouadhibou sur le Parc National du Banc d'Arguin." Le Havre, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LEHA0002.
Full textThe question of transport infrastructures construction is often associated to the issue of territory development policies, especially in developing countries. In a country as Mauritania, immense, arid and mainly inhabited by nomads, transport and mobility constitute a major issue for everyday life. The opening in 2004 of the Nouakchott-Nouadhibou road not only takes on geostrategic, political and socioeconomic dimensions, but also has impacts at three levels: international, national and local. Furthermore, the road gives structure to the Mauritanian space, linking up the two national economic and political capitals. The road lies within the framework of great trans-African road projects, reason of its importance in terms of regional integration. At the local scale, the road runs along the eastern border of the Banc d’Arguin National Park (PNBA). Our surveys’ findings show that this road has brought about organizational changes structured around the question of accessibility. On the one hand, the road has increased the movements of persons inside the protected area (fishermen, herders, sub-Saharan migrants, tourists, etc. ) and at the same time it has accentuated the sedentarization process at the PNBA peripheries, which remains difficult to manage. On the other hand, it has made easier for the local population the access to social services (health, water and education) and to markets. This new spatial dynamic, inside a territory normally dedicated to Nature conservation, is both considered as a source of environment damaging and as a way of socioeconomic development. This contradiction reveals the difficulty to dissociate the “negative” impact of transport on environment from the “positive” one on human living conditions. It also sheds new light on the difficulty to manage the degree of opening and closing of a protected area. In this research, space is apprehended in its social, mental and natural dimensions. In other words, the thesis explores the different fields of public policies, actors’ representations and practices, without forgetting the physical field which constitutes the support of actions
Ly, Djibril. "Etude de l'éco-sociosystème du Parc National du Banc d'Arguin : vers une régulation des dynamiques halieutiques imraguen." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30104.
Full textCreated in 1976, the Banc d'Arguin National Park (PNBA) is a marine protected area classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The park is home to a fishing population called "Imraguen" formerly living from a traditional subsistence fishery. Over the last twenty years, fishing at the Banc d'Arguin has become a highly lucrative commercial activity leading to increased losses of a rich marine biodiversity.The thesis focuses on the understanding of the fish dynamics that have been implemented in the park since its creation. Based on the concept of the fishing system, the study proposes to describe and analyze the interactions between the ecosystem and the socio-system in its social, cultural, spatial, political, economic and regulatory dimensions. Therefore, the approach is intended to be systemic and focuses on understanding the fishery dynamics of the Banc d'Arguin as a whole.This thesis aims to rethink the management strategies of the park by trying to reduce pressure on the fishery resource. Ultimately, the results of this research will have to serve as a decision-making tool for the manager
Seneh, Khadijetou. "SYSTEME TERRITORIAL ET DEVELOPPEMENT : Impact de la route Nouakchott-Nouadhibou sur le Parc National du Banc d'Arguin." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00707044.
Full textDiagana, Mallé. "Approche spatiale de la biodiversité (flore et végétation) dans une aire protégée saharienne : le parc national du Banc d'Arguin (Mauritanie) : développement d'un outil de gestion." Angers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ANGE0031.
Full textThe Bench of Arguin (Mauritanian Sahara) is a surface of remarkable floristic biodiversity. It is generally dubbed "crossroads biogeographic". The aim of the present work is to make a spatial analysis of the biodiversity abutting on the cartography of the flora and the vegetation. Results permit to put in obviousness the distribution to different territories ladders floristics and tall vegetal landscapes. In spite of a flora essentially saharo-sindian and a vegetation marked by the aridity, the Bench of Arguin has all characteristics of a transitional space between tall domains phytogeographics (paleotropis/holarctis, meridional/western/oceanic Sahara). In confronting the spatial analysis of the biodiversity to human activities and occupations (villages, fishing, nomads, and tourism), the development of a GIS is proposed as prudential tool of help to the decision for the protected surface of the national park of the Bench of Arguin
Blérard, Caroline. "Analyse des paysages côtiers du golfe d'Arguin (Mauritanie) à partir des données du radar latéral à ouverture synthétique du satellite ERS1." Brest, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BRES1006.
Full textAbdel, Hamid Mohamed Lemine. "Évaluation économique des services écosystémiques offerts par les aires marines protégées en Afrique de l'Ouest : Exemple Parc National du Banc d'Arguin-Mauritanie." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTD018/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the current scientific debate around the economic evaluation of ecosystem services provided by marine protected areas in developing countries. Using the contingent valuation method, it focused on the analysis of the Mauritanian population's perception of ecosystem services provided by the marine protected area of Banc d'Arguin National Park in Mauritania and the value that this population agrees to pay to maintain the supply of these services in its current state. Through the analysis of the results of three surveys conducted at the PNBA (local level), Nouakchott (adjacent zone) and Tidjikja (inland), the thesis discusses the impact of distance, in the sense of the remoteness and the time required to access the MPA, both on the perception of the ecosystem services provided by the PNBA and on the Willingness To Pay for its conservation.In addition, it discusses the applicability of the contingent valuation method in developing countries and proposes some improvements to the survey protocol to enhance the reliability of the results
Fall, Assane. "Le Parc National du Banc d’Arguin : Pêche, Conservation et Développement durable dans une Aire Marine et Côtière Protégée." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0074.
Full textSince the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 and the World Congress on Protected Areas ( South Africa, 2003) , Marine Protected Areas (MPAs ) are seen as tools for conservation and sustainable development. Their contribution to the conservation of marine biodiversity and the recovery of fish stocks is considered crucial for protection based on participatory governance which involves local people in the project of conservation and sustainable development. That is why the AMP as the National Park of Banc d'Arguin (PNBA), took a major importance for achieving these objectives. The PNBA is a breeding ground for fish and birds and spawning of great importance. Despite its strengths, space PNBA is exposed to multiple challenges. The last few years have seen a gradual depletion of fishery resources and the development of fishing effort. The specificity of the PNBA is the also its resident population: Imraguen, which are only allowed to go fishing with lanches Canarian lateen sail types. The objective of this research was thus questioning participatory manner different actors (Directorate of PNBA, Imraguen local populations and FIBA ). He tries to examine how improving participatory governance in the National Park of Banc d'Arguin (PNBA). The results of this thesis highlight the main constraints to improving governance in this space. Thus, we propose a reconfiguration of this governance by improving the functioning of these public spaces for dialogue , but also a better collaboration between different stakeholders and in particular through better involvement of Imraguen in achieving conservation action and sustainable development in the PNBA
Ould, Mohamed Sidi Mohamed. "L'évolution de la pêche en Mauritanie depuis l'indépendance à nos jours (1960-2009)." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00566283.
Full textMalaoui, Abdessamad. "Automatisation en température par microcontrôleur d'un banc de mesure ultrasonore : applications au contrôle qualité en agroalimentaire." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX11071.
Full textBernadet, Philippe. "Propriétés spectroscopiques de complexes formes entre un hydracide (HCl, HBr, HI)) et l'oxyde d'éthylène (EO) en matrice d'argon et d'azote : analyse du profil de la bande d'absorption HCl des complexes H(D)Cl:EO et H(D)Cl:dimethylether et étude." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066355.
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