Academic literature on the topic 'Band and Loop Space Maintainer'

BACKGROUND Premature loss of primary teeth requires orthodontic intervention to prevent the occurrence of malocclusions in the future. The most preferred way to maintain this space is by using space maintainers. Band and loop maintainers are the most commonly used fixed space maintainers. Despite being the most effective, it has several disadvantages. Hence, the objective of this review was to compare the efficiency between fiber reinforced composite (FRC) space maintainer and the conventional band & loop space maintainer. METHODS A systematic review was performed. Electronic and hand search retrieved 260 records, 246 were screened. The intervention and outcomes were assessed in the study included for systematic review. RESULTS Seven studies were included in this systematic review. These studies compared the fiber reinforced composite and the conventional band & loop and provided results about their clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Despite being one of the gold standard appliances for space maintenance, the conventional band and loop space maintainers have multiple disadvantages. The major disadvantages included failure of the appliance due to cement loss and bending of the wire. Out of the 7 articles included in this study, 6 of the articles concluded that the FRC space maintainers are as effective as the conventional band and loop. FRC space maintainers proved to be time effective, more aesthetic, has better patient acceptance and is easier to fabricate. Hence, fiber reinforced composite space maintainers can be used as a more aesthetic and effective alternative to the conventional band and loop space maintainers if proper technique and protocol is followed. KEY WORDS Space Maintainers, Band and Loop Space Maintainer, Fiber Reinforced Space Maintainer, Interceptive Orthodontics, Orthodontics

Primary teeth play an important role in preventing malocclusion of permanent dentition.When there is prematureloss of primary teeth, the space shouldbe maintained for preserving the arch integrity and preventing space loss. Space maintainers are the treatment of choice in such conditions. The fixed space maintainers are usually indicated to maintain the space created by unilateral/bilateral premature loss of primary teeth in either of the arches.In this clinical scenario, we have modified the band and loop spacemaintainer with a pontic to make it a functional space maintainer.

ABSTRACT Introduction and aim Premature exfoliation or extraction of primary tooth may lead to loss of space due to drifting of the adjacent teeth. This may also lead to undesirable effects, such as impaction of the succedaneous tooth, overeruption of the opposing tooth, and a shift of the midline, with consequent functional impairment. It is prudent to consider space maintenance when primary teeth are lost prematurely. The current study aims to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of space maintainers comparing conventional band and loop space maintainer with glass fiber-reinforced space maintainer following loss of primary teeth in mixed dentition. Materials and methods A total of 30 children aged 4 to 8 years were randomly assigned into two groups – band-and-loop space maintainer (group I) and glass fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC) space maintainer (group II). Distortion/dislodgment of the loop or the fiber frame, fracture of loop or fiber frame, gingival health, and space loss were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months interval. Gingival health was assessed by gingival index given by Loe and Silness. Results Based on the statistical analysis, overall success rate of group I was found to be 69.2% and of group II was 95.7% (p = 0.026), which was statistically significant. Conclusion The GFRC space maintainers showed an overall success rate compared with band-and-loop space maintainers. How to cite this article Kataria S, Chunawala Y, Morawala A, Jain K, Ambiye A. Clinical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Glass Fiber-reinforced Composite Space Maintainer vs Band-and-loop Space Maintainer following Loss of Primary Teeth: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):5-9.

Premature loss of teeth in children leads to space loss and affects arch integrity. The band and loop space maintainer is used in majority of patients requiring single tooth space maintenance in both primary and mixed dentitions. It preserves the proximal dimensions, but it is nonfunctional. This paper describes a method to modify the conventional band and loop space maintainer into a functional one and reports its clinical application and follow-up in five children.

Premature loss of primary molars often leads to loss of arch circumference in the primary and mixed dentition. It can lead to malpositioning and even impaction of permanent tooth, if not prevented. Space maintainers in preventive orthodontics, are imperative in maintaining arch integrity. Band and loop space maintainers are indicated whenever there is premature loss of primary molar. The conventional band and loop space maintainer is most routinely fabricated, but poses certain limitations. Three-dimensional (3D) printing in digital dentistry is one of the major developments in dentistry. It replicates the dental cast in the most accurate forms. This allows for supreme precision and minimal human errors. Besides decreasing the laboratory procedures, it has the least chance of failure or breakage. The current case report discusses 3D printing technology for the fabrication of band and loop space maintainer, which can revolutionize preventive orthodontics for children.

Background: Premature loss for deciduous teeth is defined as the teeth that fall out before approaching the time of eruption of their replacement permanent teeth regardless of the reason for the loss of the teeth. The premature loss of deciduous teeth can cause the teeth next to the edentulous area to shift and lose arch space causing permanent teeth to grow abnormally. Prevention can be done by using Mayne's space maintainer so that the negative impact of premature loss does not occur. Purpose: Report the fabrication of Mayne's space maintainer in premature loss case. Case analysis: The laboratory accepted a working model with a case of premature loss in tooth 74 and was asked to make the Mayne's space maintainer. Result: This appliance consists of a molar band attached to tooth 75 with a 0.9 mm loop that is soldered on the buccal of the molar band. Conclusion: It is concluded that fabrication of Mayne's space maintainer in the case of premature loss of tooth 74 includes the preparation of a working model, adjustment of the molar band on tooth 75, making the loop, followed by soldering the loop to the molar band, finally the finishing and polishing.

This paper deals with the use of a device similar in design to the band-and-loop space maintainer, but with a better aesthetic component. The manufacture of this device is made of aesthetic, elastic materials, which will not compromise the ability to maintain adequate space on the dental arches and will not interfere with the eruption of permanent teeth. The ability to provide greater comfort to the patient compared to the classic maintainers was also pursued. A case of a bilateral second temporary molar loss was chosen to apply a classic stainless steel space maintainer and the aesthetic one, obtained from a thermoplastic material (Vertex Thermosense). The essential conditions that any space maintainer are met by the appliances: both managed over time to maintain the mesio-distal dimension of the apparent edentulous gap, to withstand in time from a structural and dimensional point of view, it also did not disturb the normal functionality of the stomatognathic system.

The band-and-loop space maintainer (BLSM) is a non-invasive device commonly used to maintain space after the early loss of a single deciduous tooth until the permanent tooth erupts. Unfortunately, however, these devices are difficult to fabricate, require laboratory work and are expensive. Clinically, they tend to fracture, bend or debond under occlusal forces and they are not considered aesthetic. These obvious limitations and challenges warrant the investigation of new materials and device designs for the treatment of premature single tooth loss. The fibre-reinforced composite space maintainer (FRCSM) has many advantages and has been suggested as an alternative to the BLSM. This study considers the clinical failure rates and reasons for failure for a loop-design FRCSMs, as placement techniques have not yet been standardised. The aim of the study was to comparatively investigate the in vivo failure rates (as well as the reasons for failures) of the loop-design FRCSM and the metal BLSM over a 6 month period. The data collected could be useful in the development of more successful FRCSMs. A total of 20 space maintainers were placed – 10 BLSMs and 10 loop-design FRCSMs. For each BLSM placement, an orthodontic band was fitted around the anchor tooth and an alginate impression was taken. This impression, with the band in position, was sent to the dental laboratory for fabrication of the device. At a second appointment, the BLSM was fitted and cemented with glass ionomer cement. For each FRCSM placement, a unidirectional glass fibre bundle was positioned in a continuous loop design extending from the buccal to the lingual surface of the anchor tooth. The fibre bundle was secured in position with a flowable composite, light-cured, and subsequently finished and polished. Monthly follow-up appointments were scheduled over a six-month period and parents/ patients were instructed to report immediately for an emergency appointment if any problem or failure occurred between these arranged appointments. This ensured that the timing of (and reasons for) the failures of both types of device were accurately recorded. With respect to the BLSM, the main reason for device failure was bending of the wire and subsequent impingement on the soft tissue. With respect to the FRCSM, the main reasons for device failure were debonding at the enamel-composite interface and fibre loop fracture. Within the six month follow-up period, both space maintainer types exhibited a 50% failure rate, but 30% of the failed FRCSMs could be repaired chairside whilst the failed BLSMs had to be refabricated in the laboratory. Although the results of this study do not show a significant statistical difference between the failure rates of the two space maintainer types tested (p=0.53), the FRCSM performed well clinically in that it was more easily repairable and remained clinically effective even in cases where the device broke. From the data gathered during this study, it is recommended that further research be done on the effectiveness of the loop-design FRCSM when it is bonded to permanent teeth, and on whether this device would prove more successful if mechanical retention were enhanced when bonding the device to deciduous tooth enamel. Whilst this study has generated valuable new clinical information, the FRCSM cannot yet be confidently recommended as a reliable alternative to the BLSM. Further research on this topic (based on a larger sample size and with a longer follow-up period) is necessary.<br>Dissertation (MSc Dentistry)--University of Pretoria, 2017.<br>Community Dentistry<br>MSc Dentistry<br>Unrestricted

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the success of fixed space maintainers (fspms) placed by a sole dental practitioner in a private practice setting. The survey was conducted to evaluate the use of fspms by pediatric dentists and orthodontists. Methods: 899 fspms placed in 531 patients were evaluated. An online survey was sent to 1000 pediatric dentists and 1000 orthodontists. Results: The clinical success rate was 86.6%. The response rate for pediatric dentists surveyed was 43.0% but for orthodontists was only 7.0%. The vast majority of responding pediatric dentists (99.8%) and orthodontists (97.0%) placed fspms. The most common reason cited for failure by the pediatric dentists was cement loss (47.3%) and breakage by the orthodontists (30.4%). Conclusions: Fixed space maintainers had a high clinical success rate (86.6%) and were placed by the vast majority of responding pediatric dentists (99.8%) and orthodontists (97.0%).

With the development of the next generation of Earth observation and science Space missions, there is an increasing trend towards highly performing payloads. This trend is leading to increased detector resolution and sensitivity, as well as longer integration time which directly drive pointing requirements to higher stability and lower line-of-sight (LOS) jitter [1]. Such instruments typically come with stringent pointing requirements and constraints on attitude and rate stability over an extended frequency range well beyond the attitude control system bandwidth, by entailing micro-vibration mitigation down to the arcsecond (arcsec) level or less [2]. Micro-vibrations are defined in [3] as low-level vibrations causing a distortion of the LOS during on-orbit operations of mobile or vibratory parts. However, in order to guarantee high pointing performance, it is necessary to entirely characterise the transmission path between the micro-vibration source and the payload. The earlier the model is available, the easier it is to meet the stringent pointing requirements, by designing appropriate control strategies. The main difficulties encountered in Space system characterisation are both the impossibility to correctly identify the system on ground due to the presence of gravity and the consideration of all possible system uncertainties. Several uncertainties are in fact determined by: manufacture imperfections of structures and mechanisms, evolution of the system during the mission (i.e. material exposition to Space environment, mass and inertia variation due to ejected ergol), misknowledge of sensors/actuator dynamics. Uncertainty quantification is the preliminary step to be accomplished before designing robust control laws which provide a certificate on the closed-loop system stability and performance. The increased need in pointing performance together with the use of lighter and flexible structures directly come with the need of a robust pointing performance budget from the very beginning of the mission design. An extensive understanding of the system physics and its uncertainties is then necessary in order to push control design to the limits of performance and constrains the choice of the set of sensors and actuators. An analytical methodology to model all flexible elements and mechanisms of a scientific satellite and its optical payload in a multi-body framework is presented. In particular the Two-Input Two-Output Ports approach is used to propose novel models for a reaction wheel assembly including its imbalances and two kinds of actuators to control the line-of-sight: an FSM and a set of PMAs. This approach allows the authors to assemble a complex industrial spacecraft where detailed finite element models can be easily included as well. All these feature are available in the Satellite Dynamics Toolbox Library (SDTlib) [4]. Since in this framework an uncertain Linear Parametric-Varying system can be directly derived by including all possible configurations and uncertainties of the plant, two novel robust active control strategies are proposed to mitigate the propagation of the microvibrations to the LOS error. A first one consists in synthesising an observer of the LOS error by blending the low-frequency measurements of the LOS directly provided by a CCD camera and the accelerations measured in correspondence of the most flexible optical elements (primary and secondary mirrors of a space telescope) together with the accelerations measured on a passive isolator placed at the base of the payload. An FSM then uses this information to mitigate the pointing error. In order to obtain even tighter micro-vibration attenuation, a second stage of active control was proposed as well. This strategy consists in measuring the accelerations of the payload isolator and actuating six PMAs attached to the same isolator. Thanks to this double-stage active control strategy, the propagation of the micro-vibrations induced by the RWs and SADMs is finely reduced on a very large frequency band. In particular, a reduction of the pointing error to 10 arcsec is guaranteed at low frequency approximatively 1 rad/s) with a progressive reduction of the jitter until 40 marcsec for higher frequencies where micro-vibration sources act. This application finally allows the authors to demonstrate the interest of the proposed modelling approach, that is able to finely capture the dynamics of a complex industrial benchmark by including all possible uncertainties in a unique LFT model. This modular framework, which permits to easily build and design a multi-body flexible structure, is in fact conceived in order to perfectly fit with the modern robust control theory. In this way the authors demonstrate how to push the control design to the limits of achievable performance, which is fundamental in the preliminary design phases of systems with very challenging pointing requirements. The present work synthesises the results obtained in an ESA Open Invitations to Tender initiative “Line of Sight Stabilization Techniques (LOSST)” performed together with Thales Alenia Space, Cannes, France (Contract NO. 1520095474 / 02) [5]. [1] C. Dennehy, O. S. Alvarez-Salazar, Spacecraft Micro-Vibration: A Survey of Problems, Experiences, Potential Solutions, and Some Lessons497 Learned, Technical Report NASA/TM-2018-220075, NASA, 2018. [2] A. J. Bronowicki, Vibration isolator for large space telescopes, Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 43 (2006) 45–53. [3] A. Calvi, N. Roy, E. Secretariat, ECSS-E-HB-32-26A Spacecraft Mechanical Loads Analysis Handbook, Technical Report, ESA, 2013. [4] Alazard, Daniel, and Francesco Sanfedino. "Satellite dynamics toolbox for preliminary design phase." 43rd Annual AAS Guidance and Control Conference. Vol. 30. 2020. [5] Sanfedino, F., Thiébaud, G., Alazard, D., Guercio, N., &amp; Deslaef, N. (2022). Advances in fine line-of-sight control for large space flexible structures. Aerospace Science and Technology, 130, 107961.