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Journal articles on the topic 'Band and Loop Space Maintainer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 23 June 2025

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1

Padmanabhan, Vaishnavi, Shreya Kishore, and Suvetha S. "Fiber Reinforced Composite Space Maintainers Versus Band and Loop Space Maintainers – A Systematic Review." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 31 (2021): 2505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/512.

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BACKGROUND Premature loss of primary teeth requires orthodontic intervention to prevent the occurrence of malocclusions in the future. The most preferred way to maintain this space is by using space maintainers. Band and loop maintainers are the most commonly used fixed space maintainers. Despite being the most effective, it has several disadvantages. Hence, the objective of this review was to compare the efficiency between fiber reinforced composite (FRC) space maintainer and the conventional band & loop space maintainer. METHODS A systematic review was performed. Electronic and hand search retrieved 260 records, 246 were screened. The intervention and outcomes were assessed in the study included for systematic review. RESULTS Seven studies were included in this systematic review. These studies compared the fiber reinforced composite and the conventional band & loop and provided results about their clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS Despite being one of the gold standard appliances for space maintenance, the conventional band and loop space maintainers have multiple disadvantages. The major disadvantages included failure of the appliance due to cement loss and bending of the wire. Out of the 7 articles included in this study, 6 of the articles concluded that the FRC space maintainers are as effective as the conventional band and loop. FRC space maintainers proved to be time effective, more aesthetic, has better patient acceptance and is easier to fabricate. Hence, fiber reinforced composite space maintainers can be used as a more aesthetic and effective alternative to the conventional band and loop space maintainers if proper technique and protocol is followed. KEY WORDS Space Maintainers, Band and Loop Space Maintainer, Fiber Reinforced Space Maintainer, Interceptive Orthodontics, Orthodontics

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2

Moses, Joyson, PKrithika Sekar, SShanthosh Raj, BN Rangeeth, and Sharanya Ravindran. "Modified band and loop space maintainer: Mayne's space maintainer." International Journal of Pedodontic Rehabilitation 3, no. 2 (2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijpr.ijpr_4_18.

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3

Solaman Simon, Louis, Deepika U., Shilpa Philip, Silpa Tarenia, Manoranjan Mahakur, and Krishnaveni L. "BAND AND PONTIC: A MODIFIED BAND AND LOOP SPACE MAINTAINER - CLINICAL INNOVATION." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 10 (2021): 28–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13513.

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Primary teeth play an important role in preventing malocclusion of permanent dentition.When there is prematureloss of primary teeth, the space shouldbe maintained for preserving the arch integrity and preventing space loss. Space maintainers are the treatment of choice in such conditions. The fixed space maintainers are usually indicated to maintain the space created by unilateral/bilateral premature loss of primary teeth in either of the arches.In this clinical scenario, we have modified the band and loop spacemaintainer with a pontic to make it a functional space maintainer.

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Chunawala, Yusuf, Abdul Morawala, Arti Ambiye, Kapil Jain, and Shruti Kataria. "Clinical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Glass Fiber-reinforced Composite Space Maintainer vs Band-and-loop Space Maintainer following Loss of Primary Teeth: An in vivo Study." International Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Research 1, no. 1 (2017): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10060-0002.

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ABSTRACT Introduction and aim Premature exfoliation or extraction of primary tooth may lead to loss of space due to drifting of the adjacent teeth. This may also lead to undesirable effects, such as impaction of the succedaneous tooth, overeruption of the opposing tooth, and a shift of the midline, with consequent functional impairment. It is prudent to consider space maintenance when primary teeth are lost prematurely. The current study aims to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of space maintainers comparing conventional band and loop space maintainer with glass fiber-reinforced space maintainer following loss of primary teeth in mixed dentition. Materials and methods A total of 30 children aged 4 to 8 years were randomly assigned into two groups – band-and-loop space maintainer (group I) and glass fiber-reinforced composite (GFRC) space maintainer (group II). Distortion/dislodgment of the loop or the fiber frame, fracture of loop or fiber frame, gingival health, and space loss were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months interval. Gingival health was assessed by gingival index given by Loe and Silness. Results Based on the statistical analysis, overall success rate of group I was found to be 69.2% and of group II was 95.7% (p = 0.026), which was statistically significant. Conclusion The GFRC space maintainers showed an overall success rate compared with band-and-loop space maintainers. How to cite this article Kataria S, Chunawala Y, Morawala A, Jain K, Ambiye A. Clinical Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Glass Fiber-reinforced Composite Space Maintainer vs Band-and-loop Space Maintainer following Loss of Primary Teeth: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Dent Res 2017;1(1):5-9.

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Yahya Al Bahesh, Hadi, Hamad Faris Al Munjem, Abdullah Seraj Al Seraj, and Amal Ali Maghdi. "BAND AND LOOP SPACE MAINTAINER: A REPORT." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 02 (2020): 1286–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/10577.

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6

Vinothini, V., A. Sanguida, A. Selvabalaji, G. S. Prathima, and M. Kavitha. "Functional Band and Loop Space Maintainers in Children." Case Reports in Dentistry 2019 (April 24, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4312049.

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Premature loss of teeth in children leads to space loss and affects arch integrity. The band and loop space maintainer is used in majority of patients requiring single tooth space maintenance in both primary and mixed dentitions. It preserves the proximal dimensions, but it is nonfunctional. This paper describes a method to modify the conventional band and loop space maintainer into a functional one and reports its clinical application and follow-up in five children.

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Khanna, Suhani, Dinesh Rao, Sunil Panwar, Bhaggyashri A. Pawar, and Safna Ameen. "3D Printed Band and Loop Space Maintainer: A Digital Game Changer in Preventive Orthodontics." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 45, no. 3 (2021): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4625-45.3.1.

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Premature loss of primary molars often leads to loss of arch circumference in the primary and mixed dentition. It can lead to malpositioning and even impaction of permanent tooth, if not prevented. Space maintainers in preventive orthodontics, are imperative in maintaining arch integrity. Band and loop space maintainers are indicated whenever there is premature loss of primary molar. The conventional band and loop space maintainer is most routinely fabricated, but poses certain limitations. Three-dimensional (3D) printing in digital dentistry is one of the major developments in dentistry. It replicates the dental cast in the most accurate forms. This allows for supreme precision and minimal human errors. Besides decreasing the laboratory procedures, it has the least chance of failure or breakage. The current case report discusses 3D printing technology for the fabrication of band and loop space maintainer, which can revolutionize preventive orthodontics for children.

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8

Goenharto, Sianiwati, M. Kautsar Haula Robbi, Eny Inayati, et al. "FABRICATION OF MAYNE’S SPACE MAINTAINER FOR PREMATURE LOSS OF DECIDUOUS TEETH." Journal of Vocational Health Studies 7, no. 2 (2023): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jvhs.v7.i2.2023.121-125.

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Background: Premature loss for deciduous teeth is defined as the teeth that fall out before approaching the time of eruption of their replacement permanent teeth regardless of the reason for the loss of the teeth. The premature loss of deciduous teeth can cause the teeth next to the edentulous area to shift and lose arch space causing permanent teeth to grow abnormally. Prevention can be done by using Mayne's space maintainer so that the negative impact of premature loss does not occur. Purpose: Report the fabrication of Mayne's space maintainer in premature loss case. Case analysis: The laboratory accepted a working model with a case of premature loss in tooth 74 and was asked to make the Mayne's space maintainer. Result: This appliance consists of a molar band attached to tooth 75 with a 0.9 mm loop that is soldered on the buccal of the molar band. Conclusion: It is concluded that fabrication of Mayne's space maintainer in the case of premature loss of tooth 74 includes the preparation of a working model, adjustment of the molar band on tooth 75, making the loop, followed by soldering the loop to the molar band, finally the finishing and polishing.

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Luca, M. M., N. Nikolajevic-Stoican, M. Popa, A. Igna, B. Dragoș, and R. Buzatu. "Comperison between an aesthetic metal free band-and-loop space maintainer and a metal one." Medicine in Evolution 28, no. 2 (2022): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.70921/medev.v28i2.1085.

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This paper deals with the use of a device similar in design to the band-and-loop space maintainer, but with a better aesthetic component. The manufacture of this device is made of aesthetic, elastic materials, which will not compromise the ability to maintain adequate space on the dental arches and will not interfere with the eruption of permanent teeth. The ability to provide greater comfort to the patient compared to the classic maintainers was also pursued. A case of a bilateral second temporary molar loss was chosen to apply a classic stainless steel space maintainer and the aesthetic one, obtained from a thermoplastic material (Vertex Thermosense). The essential conditions that any space maintainer are met by the appliances: both managed over time to maintain the mesio-distal dimension of the apparent edentulous gap, to withstand in time from a structural and dimensional point of view, it also did not disturb the normal functionality of the stomatognathic system.

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Rani, Reena, Sanjay Chachra, Abhishek Dhindsa, and Manu Sharma. "Clinical success of fixed space maintainers: Conventional band and loop versus fiber-reinforced composite loop space maintainer." New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research 9, no. 15 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/nnjcr.nnjcr_32_19.

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De lira, Ana de Lourdes Sá, Ageu Lima da Costa, Guilherme Henrique Alves da Fonseca, Nayra Rafaelle Fernandes da Silva, and Keila Rejane de Jesus Martins. "Deciduous tooth early loss prevalence in posterior region and indication of band-loop space maintainer." Brazilian Dental Science 22, no. 3 (2019): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2019.v22i3.1693.

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Aim: To investigate the prevalence of the early unitary loss of deciduous and the need for space maintainer in the posterior region, of the band-loop type. Methods: The clinical examination of 568 children between 6 and 12 years of age in mixed dentition was performed in two municipal schools. After the diagnosis of premature loss of one or two deciduous molars (unilateral, one or both arches, respectively), without successors initiating the eruptive process in the oral cavity, the child was referred to the Clinical School of Dentistry of UESPI (CSD ) for installation of the band-handle space maintainer. Results: The prevalence of early molar loss was 4.04%, the etiological factor of which was dental caries for all sample. Only 13 attended the CEO for detailed examination. After radiographic examination, it was verified that 8 did not need space maintainers because they were approximately 2/3 of the permanent successors root formation. In 5 children was placed the maintainer of space, band-handle, who are being supervised every 3 months until the eruption of the permanent successors. Conclusion: The prevalence of early premolar molar loss was 4.04% with no statistical difference between genders. The use of space maintainers after the early loss of a deciduous tooth is a preventive measure of malocclusion, being the band-loop appliance an excellent choice after loss of the deciduous unilateral molar.

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Shi, Hui, Fang Fang Kang, and Qian Liu. "Stress induced on permanent mandible first molar and space maintainer under normal masticatory forces: a finite element study." PeerJ 12 (July 26, 2024): e17456. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17456.

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Background The band and loop space maintainer is used to maintain the missing space of deciduous molars which are lost early. When the second deciduous molar is lost prematurely, the stress on the first permanent molar during different degrees of development may vary when it is the abutment. The design and use of the space maintainer may also lead to damage of the loop. The purpose of this article is to use the finite element method to study the stress on the first permanent molar and the loop with or without occlusal contact, with the first permanent molar of four different degrees of development serving as the abutment. We aimed to guide the clinical design and use of the space maintainer. Methods We developed finite element models of the mandibular first permanent molar and the band and loop space maintainer, and simulated alveolar bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), enamel and dentin. The four developmental stages were 1/2 (I), 2/3 (II), 3/4 (III) and full development (IV). Ansys Workbench was used to analyze the effects of root development and occlusal contact between the loop and the opposite jaw on abutment teeth and the loop. Abutment teeth were statically loaded vertically and obliquely with a force of 70 N. The loop was statically loaded vertically with a force of 14 N. The stress on all structures and the displacement trends of the loop were calculated. Results The stress on enamel, dentin, PDL and alveolar bone were similar, and the concentration was consistent. But if there was occlusal contact, the loop produced maximum displacement at the near middle edge of contact with the anterior teeth. When the loop was in occlusal contact with the opposing occlusal tooth, the peak value of the equivalent stress on the space maintainer under vertical load was: group I > group IV > group III > group II, and the maximum principal stress peak change was: group I > group III > group II > group IV. The change of the equivalent stress peak value of the loop under oblique load was: group I > group III > group IV > group II, and the maximum principal stress peak change was: group III > group I > group II > group IV. When the loop was not in occlusal contact with the opposing occlusal tooth, the peak value of the equivalent stress on the space maintainer under vertical load was: group IV > group I > group II > group III, and the maximum principal stress peak change was: group IV > group I > group II > group III. The change of the equivalent stress peak value of the space maintainer under oblique load was: group I > group IV > group II > group III, and the maximum principal stress peak change was: group I > group IV > group II > group III. Conclusions Our results suggested that whenever possible, choosing the teeth with nearly complete root development as the abutment of the space maintainer is advisable. The design and use of the band and loop space maintainer should avoid occlusal contact with the occlusal teeth to prevent deformation of the loop.

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Sinha, Antara, Anju Vinod, Anitha Anand, and Sunil Raj N. "Functional Space Maintainer - A Case Series." RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences 14, no. 3 (2022): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26715/rjds.14_3_21.

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The untimely loss of primary teeth in young children is a common problem leading to vast number of adverse effects like malocclusion, loss of arch length, loss of function and psychological effects on the child. Thus, prompt treatment with the placement of space maintainer is necessary. Fixed space maintainers are universally preferred by clinicians and patients. However, they are not functional and long-time wear will result in supra-eruption of the opposing teeth. The present paper discusses three cases wherein traditional band and loop and lingual arch space maintainers were modified and made functional.

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Pawar, BhaggyashriA. "Maintenance of space by innovative three-dimensional-printed band and loop space maintainer." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 37, no. 2 (2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_9_19.

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Yeluri, Ramakrishna, and AutarKrishen Munshi. "Fiber reinforced composite loop space maintainer: An alternative to the conventional band and loop." Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 3, no. 5 (2012): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237x.95099.

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Reddy, N. Simhachalam, Jayaraman Siddaramayya, Arunkumar B. Sajjanar, Brinda Suhas Godhi, and Raju P. Krishnam. "Fiber Technology in Space Maintainer: A Clinical Follow-up Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 14, no. 6 (2013): 1070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1453.

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ABSTRACT Various space maintainers are used in pediatric dentistry. However, their construction requires time consuming laboratory procedures. Recently fiber-reinforced composite resin (FRCR) has been introduced for various application in dentistry. Polyethylene fibers appear to have the best properties in elasticity, translucency, adaptability, tenaciousness, resistance to traction and to impact. The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the long-term effect of FRCR space maintainer made with Ribbond® bondable reinforcement ribbon in children over a period of 18 months. A total of thirty FRCR space maintainers were applied to 30 children between the age group of 6 to 9 years old, follow-up visits were done at 1, 6, 12 and 18 months. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. Maxillary appliances survived more than mandibular appliances. Mean survival time of space maintainer were found to be 12 months (minimum 1 and maximum 18 months). The present study suggested that FRCR space maintainers (Ribbond®), which was observed for up to 18 months, can be accepted as a successful alternative to conventional band-loop space maintainer only for short periods. How to cite this article Saravanakumar MS, Siddaramayya J, Sajjanar AB, Godhi BS, Reddy NS, Krishnam RP. Fiber Technology in Space Maintainer: A Clinical Follow-up Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(6):1070-1075.

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Clara, Nabila, and Jeffrey . "Semi-Fixed Space Maintainer Treatment In Premature Loss Deciduous Tooth." SONDE (Sound of Dentistry) 5, no. 2 (2020): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/sod.v5i2.2112.

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Introduction: The period of deciduous teeth is an important period in child development. Damage to deciduous teeth that occur and cannot be treated conservatively will cause premature decay of teeth which is often called premature loss. A space maintainer is a passive tool used to maintain dental arches due to premature loss of deciduous teeth. Method: An 11-year-old girl accompanied by her mother came to RSGMP Unjani in 2018 with complaints of lower right back teeth missing because they have removed. The patient's mother is worried that her replacement teeth will not grow properly. Intraoral examination revealed tooth loss 85. The study model was analyzed using the Moyers method. Results: Analysis of the lower jaw model showed excess space. Patients were treated with a semi-fixed band and loop space maintainer on teeth 85. Conclusion: Premature loss results in excess space in the arch, so as to prevent further occlusion abnormalities in the child's growth and development process, we need a special tool used to maintain space due to premature loss of deciduous teeth.

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Aarti, Garg, Jain Hemant, Das Sunada, Saha Sonali, and Mani Tripathi Abhay. "Dental intervention using GA for managing a child with Frankel's definitely negative behavior." International Journal of Medical Reviews and Case Reports 3, no. 10 (2019): 660–63. https://doi.org/10.5455/IJMRCR.dental-frankel-negative-behaviour.

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To pursue dental treatment in a child, needs an extra effort due to the need for behavior modification techniques; specially in children who require extensive dental procedures. In cases where the non-pharmacological techniques fail, the pharmacological aspect is sought after. General anesthesia (GA) comes to rescue in such cases. The advent of general anesthesia(GA) in pediatric dentistry has been researched a lot and found to be effective. However, its use has not been reported much in literature. We hereby report a case of 4 years -old child (Frankel's definitely negative behavior), who was treated successfully under GA. He had multiple decayed teeth and required extraction as well as conservative treatment. Pulpectomy of multiple teeth was performed along with the fabrication of a band and loop space maintainer and aesthetic space maintainer.

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Garg, A., JN Jaiswal, F. Samadi, and S. Saha. "′Metal to resin′: A comparative evaluation of conventional band and loop space maintainer with the fiber reinforced composite resin space maintainer in children." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 32, no. 2 (2014): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-4388.130783.

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Kalaskar, Ritesh, Ashita Kalaskar, Shruti Balasubramanian, Henpu Kamki, and Hemraj Badhe. "Clinical Effectiveness of Fiber-reinforced Composite Space Maintainer and Band and Loop Space Maintainer in a Pediatric Patient: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 14, S1 (2021): S82—S93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2044.

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Lee, Gio, Justin Vo, and Neamant Hassan Abubakr. "Shear Bond Strength of Different Types of Cement Used for Bonding Band and Loop Space Maintainer." Open Journal of Stomatology 13, no. 11 (2023): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojst.2023.1311034.

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FATHIMA, Ayesha S., Ganesh JEEVANANDAN, Prabhadevi C. MAGANUR, Suman PANDA, Ather Syed AHMED, and Satish VISHWANATHAIAH. "Clinical assessment of the abutment teeth of children undergoing space maintainer therapy: A randomised controlled trial." International Arab Journal of Dentistry 15, no. 2 (2024): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.70174/iajd.v15i2.1038.

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Introduction: The band and loop space maintainer are one of the most commonly used fixed space maintainers in children. However, prolonged use of appliances in the oral cavity may lead to changes in gingival health and an increased risk of caries. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the clinical parameters of the abutment teeth, specifically the banded teeth and the tooth to which the loop is extended. Methods: This prospective clinical study included 35 children between the age group of 5 to 9 years. The children were examined at baseline and 6-month follow-up. The abutment teeth were evaluated on bleeding on probing, pocket depth, gingival index, and occurrence of primary/ secondary caries. Results: There was a significant difference in the bleeding on probing, pocket depth, gingival index, and occurrence of primary/ secondary caries (p<0.05). Conclusion: Precautions and thorough knowledge about the consequences of the delivery of appliances can prevent and overcome the causes. Oral health education and constant motivation should be provided to the children on dental hygiene and regular follow-ups to avoid any extensive invasive management.

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Ghoname, Nagwa. "Clinical evaluation of chairside band and loop space maintainers." Egyptian Orthodontic Journal 43, no. 6 (2013): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eos.2013.78883.

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emad, baher. "The Effect Of Zirconia Band And Loop Space Maintainer On Salivary Level Of Lactobacillus And Streptococcus Mutans." Al-Azhar Journal of Dental Science 24, no. 3 (2021): 339–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ajdsm.2020.51738.1140.

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Hoshino, Tomonori, Kan Saito, and Taku Fujiwara. "Traction of the lower second premolar by application of band-loop space maintainer in an autistic child." Pediatric Dental Journal 23, no. 2-3 (2013): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdj.2013.05.001.

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Talukdar, Anindita, Pushpalatha C, Prakash Chandra, and Diganta Borah. "Band and Loop Space Maintainers in Children: A Case Series." Saudi Journal of Oral and Dental Research 6, no. 2 (2021): 102–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjodr.2021.v06i02.004.

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Arbildo-Vega, Heber, Jeniffer Cantu-Oliva, Rubén Chumpitaz-Durand, José Agüero-Alva, Alfredo Rendón-Alvarado, and Hernán Vásquez-Rodrigo. "Survival rate of fixed space maintainers used in Dentistry. Systematic review and Meta-analysis." Journal of Oral Research 10, no. 6 (2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2021.072.

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Objective: To determine, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the survival rate of fixed space maintainers used in Dentistry. Material and Methods: A literature search was carried out, following the guidelines of the PRISMA standards, until March 2020, in the biomedical databases: Pubmed, Embase, Scielo, Science Direct, Scopus, SIGLE, LILACS, Google Scholar and the Cochrane Central Registry of Clinical Trials. The selection criteria of the studies were defined as: clinical trials, without language restriction, up to 10 years old and that report the survival rate of fixed space maintainers used in dentistry. Study risk of bias was analyzed using the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Results: The search strategy resulted in 159 articles, of which 10 were ultimately included for the present study. All included articles reported that the overall survival rate of the fixed space maintainers used in Dentistry was between 20% and 95%; the one with the highest survival rate is the crown and loop with 86.3%. When comparing the fiber-reinforced composite space maintainers with the band and loop it was observed that there is no difference between them; when comparing the crown and loop with the band and loop, a difference was observed, favoring the crown and loop. Conclusion: The reviewed literature suggests that the overall survival rate of fixed space maintainers used in dentistry ranges from 20 to 86.3% with a follow-up time of 6 to 18 months.

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Qudeimat, M. A., and I. S. Sasa. "Clinical success and longevity of band and loop compared to crown and loop space maintainers." European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 16, no. 5 (2015): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40368-015-0183-y.

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Chandra, H. Sharath, S. H. Krishnamoorthy, Jency Samuel Johnson, and Shashikala Prabhu. "ILL effects of Conventional band and loop space maintainers: Time to revolutionise." International Dental & Medical Journal of Advanced Research - VOLUME 2015 4, no. 1 (2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15713/ins.idmjar.83.

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Zaidan, SaraMuhannad, and ReemAtta Rafeeq. "Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Three Luting Materials Used in Band and Loop Space Maintainer Cementation: An In Vitro Study." Dental Hypotheses 13, no. 4 (2022): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_114_22.

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Rana, Vivek, Noopur Kaushik, Nikhil Srivastava, Manisha Tyagi, Elizabeth Moirangthem, and Vidisha Gaur. "Comparison of the Conventional Band and Loop Space Maintainers with Modified Space Maintainers: A Split-mouth Randomized Clinical Trial." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 14, S1 (2021): S63—S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2046.

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Gurunathan, Deepa, Lakshmi Thangavelu, and Ayesha Fathima. "Clinical Effectiveness of Various Unilateral Fixed Space Maintainers vs Band and Loop Space Maintainers in Mixed Dentition: A Systematic Review." World Journal of Dentistry 15, no. 6 (2024): 544–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-2409.

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Sasa, I. S., A. A. Hasan, and M. A. Qudeimat. "Longevity of Band and Loop Space Maintainers Using Glass Ionomer Cement: A Prospective Study." European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 10, no. 1 (2009): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03262659.

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Sophia, Omotuyole Aderinsola, Ayebameru Olusola Ezekiel, Adeyemo Tomilola Ayo, Adekunle Oluwaseun Ajoke, and Kareem Samson Ayodele. "Pattern of Tooth Extraction and Use of Space Maintainers in Paediatric Dental Patients in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja." Saudi Journal of Biomedical Research 8, no. 08 (2023): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjbr.2023.v08i08.002.

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The primary dentition is essential in the maintenance of normal occlusion in the permanent dentition. Both dentitions enhance aesthetic, speech and are functional in nature. Early loss of the primary dentition necessitates the placement of space maintainers. This study determined the pattern of tooth extraction of patients attending the paediatric dental clinic in Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja and the use of space maintainers. A retrospective study carried out using the dental records of patients who attended the Paediatric dental clinic, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20 (IBM, New York). The prevalence of tooth extraction was 49.8% among a population of 410 subjects with a total of 353 extracted teeth. The male to female ratio was 1:1.37. Majority (58.3%) of the subjects had only one tooth extracted. The commonest reason for extraction was retained primary teeth (35.8%). The commonest arch and segment of extraction was the mandible (56.1%) and the anterior teeth (51.0%). The commonest tooth extracted was upper right primary central incisor (7.6%). The most common space maintainer was band and loop. Retained teeth was the most common reason for tooth extraction followed by sequelae of dental caries, caries and trauma. This highlights the need for implementation of oral health prevention policies with regards to the use of fluoride, fissure sealants, silver diamine fluoride increased awareness of safety protocols to mitigate traumatic injuries and introduction of dental health education programs in schools and community.

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Nasehi, Atefeh, Fatemeh Mazhari, and Nooshin Mohtasham. "Localized idiopathic root resorption in the primary dentition: Review of the literature and a case report." European Journal of Dentistry 09, no. 04 (2015): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.172617.

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ABSTRACTIdiopathic root resorption (IRR) is an infrequent condition that is usually found as an accidental finding on radiography. A significant number of cases of IRR in permanent dentition have been presented but are rarely reported in primary dentition. The aim of this case report is to present a case of localized IRR in a 7-year-old boy. The patient was referred because of increased mobility of the left mandibular primary second molar. On radiographic evaluation, severe root resorption of that tooth, and mild root resorption of the right mandibular primary second molar were evident; the patient was caries-free. The left affected tooth was lost, and after placing a band and loop space maintainer, the patient was followed for 18 months. A patient with an abnormal pattern of root resorption, especially in the primary dentition, should alert the clinician to rule out the known important local and systemic factors. The exact causes of and treatments for IRR continue to be discovered.

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Chandrasenan, Archa, and Joseph Zacharias. "Non-linear photonic loop mirror based co-site interference canceller." Laser Physics Letters 19, no. 11 (2022): 116207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac9679.

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Abstract Full duplex-in band (FDIB) is a well-established solution for increasing the data rate and spreading the link range for future communication systems. FDIB systems need no additional bandwidth requirement. However, they are confronted with a major interference challenge on the same site, called co-site interference (CSI). Long-established co-site interference cancellation (CSIC) methods achieve a cancellation depth upto 35 dB, conversely it has space containments, manufacturing imperfections, induces noise penalties and limits isolation bandwidth. To overcome these problems, RF photonic CSIC methods have been developed, which have produced 30 dB wide-band interference suppression. They also increase bandwidth, have a flexible structure, minimize losses and prevent periodic power fading. But these systems have a problem of inherent DC drift, low maintenance of coherence, and low isolation at low transmission power. Thus, there is a high need for photonic CSIC designs of FDIB systems that operate over wider bandwidths and at higher transmission powers. Here, a newfangled CSIC system based on a non-linear photonic loop and frequency down-conversion is proposed. It shows excellent CSIC suppression of greater than 61 dB, for a single frequency signal of interest (SOI) with maximum RF power of 13 dBm. Without frequency down-conversion, the system maintains an average cancellation depth of 62.541 dB for single frequency SOI. After frequency down conversion, the system maintains an average cancellation depth of 61.208 dB for narrow band SOI. The system attains 18% error vector magnitude at −20 dB RF output power, which confirms the comprehensive quality of the system.

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Kumar, NaveenKommineni, VeeraKishore Kasa Reddy, Prathyusha Padakandla, Harshini Togaru, Swathi Kalagatla, and Vinay ChandM Reddy. "Evaluation of chemokines in gingival crevicular fluid in children with band and loop space maintainers: A clinico-biochemical study." Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 7, no. 3 (2016): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237x.188542.

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Deng, Huifang, and Yunhe Meng. "Frequency Division Control of Line-of-Sight Tracking for Space Gravitational Wave Detector." Sensors 22, no. 24 (2022): 9721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249721.

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The space gravitational wave detector uses the inter-satellite laser interferometer to measure a change in distance with ultra-high precision at the picometer level. Its special differential wavefront sensing technology based on laser interference is used to obtain the ultra-high-precision relative attitude between spacecrafts. In order to acquire the measurement, it is necessary to maintain high-precision attitude pointing and alignment for the optical path line-of-sight of the detector. This paper proposes a frequency division control method. More specifically, we chose the telescope attitude control loop frequency division as it is the faster response part, mainly relative to the high-frequency band within the measurement bandwidth. The spacecraft attitude frequency division is mainly in the low-frequency band within the measurement bandwidth. Finally, a high-precision simulation analysis is carried out. The results show that compared with traditional methods, the use of frequency division control design can significantly improve the attitude and pointing stability of the system and provide control support for systems requiring high pointing coordination accuracy, such as space gravity wave detectors.

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Casaña-Ruiz, MDolores, Juan Ignacio Aura-Tormos, Laura Marques-Martinez, Esther Garcia-Miralles, and Marcelino Perez-Bermejo. "Effectiveness of Space Maintainers in Pediatric Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Dentistry Journal 13, no. 1 (2025): 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13010032.

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Background: Evaluating the effectiveness and survival rates of space maintainers is crucial for optimal pediatric dental care. The present study’s goal is to evaluate the survival rate of different types of space maintainers—removable, fixed with a metal base, or fixed with a resin base—indicated for children as a consequence of premature loss of primary teeth. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA recommendations and was previously registered in PROSPERO under registration number: CRD42024534183. The search was performed in five different databases PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science. This was supplemented by a manual database search. From the initial electronic search of the five databases, 72 articles were identified after removing duplicates. After reading the titles and abstracts, 46 articles were excluded, leaving a total of 26 studies. Upon reading the full texts, 15 were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria, resulting in a total of 11 articles included in the systematic review. Results: The total number of patients treated in the studies was 479, with four observational studies and seven randomized clinical trials. Fixed space maintainers, such as band and loop (BL) or lingual arch (LA), are preferred due to their long-term stability and lower risk of loss. In contrast, removable maintainers, such as Hawley plates, are suitable temporarily but require more patient cooperation and may be less tolerated. Conclusions: Space maintainers help prevent the migration of adjacent teeth and the need for more invasive orthodontic treatments in the future. Additionally, they contribute to adequate masticatory function and speech development.

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El-Patal, MohamedAbd-Ellatif, MoshababA Asiry, Ibrahim AlShahrani, SamyYoussef El Bayoumy, MohammedAbo-Elkasem Ahmed Wakwak, and MonaAbdelghafar Mohamed Khalil. "The effect of fiber-reinforced composite versus band and loop space maintainers on oral Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans levels in saliva." Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry 36, no. 3 (2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_155_18.

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Tirupathi, Sunnypriyatham, and Nilesh Rathi. "Factors Influencing the Fit and Retention of Computer-aided Design/Computer-aided Manufacturing-based Three-dimensional Printed Band and Loop Space Maintainers." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 17, no. 6 (2024): 734–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2843.

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Tayaran, Samin, Alireza Eshghi, and Hamid Mosleh. "The Longevity of Band and Loop and Pontic–Crown Fixed Space Maintainers in Children Aged 4 to 7 Years: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Dental Hypotheses 9, no. 4 (2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_33_18.

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Grover, Jyotika, and Prerna Panthri. "Space Maintenance with an Innovative “Tube and Loop” Space Maintainer (Nikhil Appliance)." International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 9, no. 1 (2016): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1340.

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Harold Raúl Escobar Cárdenas, Dayana Estefania Nivelo Tenesaca, Jessenia Katherine Pinargote Clavijo, Milton Rivaldo Valencia Arteaga, Karen Anais Urgiles Espinoza, and Maria Yolanda Yunga Picón. "Causes of premature loss of primary teeth and frequency of the utilization of space maintainers in children aged 6-8 years attending the School of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca during the period 2019-2022." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (2023): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.1.1284.

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Space maintainers are fixed or removable appliances whose main purpose is to maintain the space caused by the loss of one or more primary teeth, preventing the migration of adjacent teeth into the edentulous space. Objective: To determine the cause of premature loss of one or more teeth and the frequency of the use of space maintainers in children aged 6-8 years attending the Faculty of Dentistry during the period 2019-2022. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study, through the analysis of 123 undergraduate clinical records of the orthodontic clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca with 78 boys and 45 girls between the ages of 6 and 8 years. For the bibliographic analysis, search strategies were used in the Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases published between 2015 to 2022. Results: The most common space maintainer used in children is the Ansa band, followed by the lingual arch, Hawley plate, Nance button and the least frequent was the Schwartz plate. The most frequent etiology causing premature tooth loss is dental caries, followed by pathological root resorption of the deciduous tooth and trauma leading to the need for the use of space maintainer. Conclusions: Dental caries is the factor that causes the greatest premature loss of primary teeth, with the Ansa Band space maintainer being one of the most commonly used appliances in both boys and girls aged 6 to 8 years.

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Harold, Raúl Escobar Cárdenas, Estefania Nivelo Tenesaca Dayana, Katherine Pinargote Clavijo Jessenia, Rivaldo Valencia Arteaga Milton, Anais Urgiles Espinoza Karen, and Yolanda Yunga Picón Maria. "Causes of premature loss of primary teeth and frequency of the utilization of space maintainers in children aged 6-8 years attending the School of Dentistry at the University of Cuenca during the period 2019-2022." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 1 (2023): 168–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10216919.

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Space maintainers are fixed or removable appliances whose main purpose is to maintain the space caused by the loss of one or more primary teeth, preventing the migration of adjacent teeth into the edentulous space.<strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the cause of premature loss of one or more teeth and the frequency of the use of space maintainers in children aged 6-8 years attending the Faculty of Dentistry during the period 2019-2022.<strong>Materials and methods:</strong> Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study, through the analysis of 123 undergraduate clinical records of the orthodontic clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Cuenca with 78 boys and 45 girls between the ages of 6 and 8 years. For the bibliographic analysis, search strategies were used in the Pubmed, Scielo, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases published between 2015 to 2022.<strong>Results:</strong> The most common space maintainer used in children is the Ansa band, followed by the lingual arch, Hawley plate, Nance button and the least frequent was the Schwartz plate. The most frequent etiology causing premature tooth loss is dental caries, followed by pathological root resorption of the deciduous tooth and trauma leading to the need for the use of space maintainer.<strong>Conclusions:</strong> Dental caries is the factor that causes the greatest premature loss of primary teeth, with the Ansa Band space maintainer being one of the most commonly used appliances in both boys and girls aged 6 to 8 years.

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Horax, Sherly. "Management of premature loss of primary first molar case with simple fixed space maintainer." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 8, no. 1 (2009): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v8i1.208.

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Early loss of primary molars may cause a space problem for the arch development.Several techniques have been used to treat this problem. One of the therapies thatcould be used is space maintainer therapy. This paper will explain the management ofpremature loss of mandible primary first molar by using a simple fixed spacemaintainer combined with molar band and resin composite.

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Kaur, Harpreet, Gunmeen Sadana, Sunil Gupta, Rashu Grover, and Aanchal Sharma. "Comparative evaluation of the retention of two different preformed molar bands: An in vitro study." Archives of Dental Research 12, no. 1 (2022): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.adr.2022.004.

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: The purpose of giving space maintainer in primary dentition is to prevent the migration of adjacent teeth, thus holding space in dental arch for succedaneous tooth to erupt. Molar band is the fundamental component of space maintainer. The retention of band to the tooth surface is important to ensure fixed appliance therapy. Several methods have been described to improve the mechanical retentive surfaces of bands including sandblasting, burs, etc. Sandblasting of the metal surfaces improves the retention by roughening, thereby increasing the surface area and improving the potential for degree of mechanical attachment. : The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the forces require to deband preformed pre- sandblasted and preformed in-office sandblasted molar band and to determine which type is successful to ensure superior band retention. : Twenty sound permanent molars were selected and equally divided into two groups. In group I, pre sandblasted molar bands were cemented onto the molar teeth and in group II, in-office sandblasted molar bands were cemented onto the molar teeth using ReLyX U200 as luting cement in both. The cemented samples were tested for their resistance to dislodgement on Instron Universal testing machine in tensile mode. : The result showed that the debanding forces required to remove the pre-sandblasted bands were higher as compared to in-office sandblasted molar bands. : Pre-sandblasted bands resulted in greater degree of surface roughness by providing a stronger bond between the band and the tooth as compared to in-office sandblasted bands.

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Kang, Eun-Sook. "Space maintainer using CAD/CAM system without a band: a case report." Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science 40, no. 2 (2024): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14368/jdras.2024.40.2.100.

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Behroozian, Ahmad, Parastou Nastarin, Marziyeh Aghazadeh, et al. "Can Fixed Space Maintainers Have Adverse Effect on the Teeth and Periodontium?" Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 36 (2021): 3132–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/638.

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BACKGROUND Space maintenance after premature loss of primary teeth is of importance in preventing space loss and potential crowding in future. Fixed space maintainers are used to prevent space loss but the presence of such fixed appliances near the tooth and its supporting structures may have some adverse effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential adverse effects of fixed space maintainers on the teeth and periodontium. METHODS Twenty young children in mixed dentition period (between 8 – 11y 7m years old) who were considered for space maintainer treatment were selected. Each patient had bilateral first molars that went under the band for fixed space maintainer. The patients were examined for decayed, missed and filled teeth (DMFT), bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, gingival index and periodontal pocket depth at the beginning (T0), one month (T1), three months (T2) and six months (T3) later. Repeated measures ANOVA then Post - hoc LSD (Friedman test for gingival index) tests were used to interpret the data. RESULTS As compared to the beginning of the study, at the end of the 6 months follow-up period DMFT of the involved first molars did not change significantly (P = 0.163). But bleeding on probing, clinical attachment level, gingival index and periodontal pocket depths changed significantly at the same time frame (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The fixed space maintainers might have some adverse effects on the periodontal structures of the banded teeth, so the clinicians should insist more on oral hygiene instructions and the patients must be under intense oral hygiene control. KEY WORDS Space Maintainers, DMFT, Bleeding on Probing, Clinical Attachment Level, Periodontal Pocket Depth

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Gladys, Carolina Jara Illescas, Gustavo Uguña García Klever, and Yolanda Yunga Picón María. "Innovation in interceptive orthodontics: Digital space maintainers with CAD/CAM and 3D printing: Bibliographic review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, no. 3 (2024): 1415–27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14076717.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong> 3D and CAD/CAM technology has now been widely adopted by most dentists and pediatric orthodontics is no exception. This technology allows orthodontists to create digital dental models, thus facilitating the design and fabrication of orthopedic appliances customized to the specific needs of each patient. <strong>Objective:</strong> To gather scientific information that describes in detail the management, advantages and disadvantages of using CAD/CAM and 3D technology in the fabrication of space maintainers. <strong>Materials and methods:</strong> A search was carried out in several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Springer link, Science Direct and Google Scholar. Fourteen articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected. <strong>Results:</strong> 10 studies used materials such as polyetheretheretherketone, polymethylmethacrylate and polymer (Trilor), milled to produce space maintainers. Another 3 studies applied titanium powder with addition 3D printing techniques for the same purpose and finally, 1 study used a zirconium block (BruxZir) to manufacture a band by milling. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Digital space maintainers (DSM) show comparable results to conventional space maintainers (CSM), with the additional advantage of being more stable and resistant. Although their cost may represent a limitation, further studies and long-term follow-ups are recommended to take advantage of the benefits of technological innovation in the manufacture of space maintainers and improve the quality of patient care.

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