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PENEDO, Diego Mattos. "An?lise gen?tica e fenot?pica de macacos-prego da Ilha da Marambaia, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2016. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/1450.
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Previous issue date: 2016-02-26<br>CAPES<br>Several studies have been conducted with capuchin monkeys (Sapajus and Cebus) in order to understand their evolutionary histories by South and Central America. Genetic analysis, in association with the coat coloration, assist in the identification of the relationships between species and show the diversity presented by both genera. In Brazil, Sapajus species are predominantly distributed, being S. nigritus endemic to the Atlantic Forest and characteristic of southeast. At Ilha da Marambaia, an important area with forest remaining in the state of Rio de Janeiro, there is a population of capuchin monkeys, but without previous study. The objective of this study was to characterize the population of capuchin monkeys at this region through phenotypic and genetic analyzes, including the coat coloration, the sequencing of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase II and the evaluation of karyotype with conventional staining and C-band. Interviews with residents and military personnel in the region, were also carried out, in order to identify the possible origin and isolation of the primates. Twelve specimens, eight males and four females, were analyzed. The coat features were consistent with that described for S. nigritus, with coloration varying from brown to blackish on the back, limbs, tail and top of the head, in addition to yellow chest and face with white or light yellow, contrasting. Tufts at the top of the head were seen in adults, being greater in females. The analysis of mitochondrial gene revealed closer proximity of this population with S. xanthosternos, which occurs at Bahia, and then with S. cay that occurs in parts of Brazil and Paraguay. The greatest divergence was in relation to the population of S. nigritus in Argentina. The karyotype was consistent with that described for Sapajus species, with 2n = 54 (XX or XY), although the morphology of the sex chromosome Y, submetacentric, was different from that commonly described in the literature (acrocentric). Presented intercalary C-band the chromosome pairs 4, 11, 12 and 17. The par 11 presented three polymorphisms, all interstitial to euchromatin and diversified from each other by deletion and inversion processes. The pattern of this pair is different from that described, as a small acrocentric, to S. nigritus in populations of Argentina, with banding similar to that considered specific for S. xanthosternos. According to the survey, the population of primates seems to be native of the island and is currently isolated. According to the genetic divergences found, the population of Ilha da Marambaia may have maintained ancestral characteristics. The C-band pattern of the pair 11 indicates that the polymorphism described for populations of Argentina does not correspond to the entire distribution of S. nigritus. These data may help to understand the diversity and evolution of Sapajus, since this would have radiated from southeastern Brazil. Further studies with populations from other regions of Rio de Janeiro are needed to verify the C-band pattern presented for the pair 11 as well as the genetic relationships demonstrated by the mitochondrial gene for the population of Ilha da Marambaia.<br>Diversos estudos v?m sendo realizados com macacos-prego e caiararas (Sapajus e Cebus) de modo a entender suas hist?rias evolutivas pelas Am?ricas do Sul e Central. An?lises gen?ticas, em associa??o ?s caracter?sticas de pelagem, auxiliam na identifica??o das rela??es entre as esp?cies e evidenciam a diversidade apresentada por ambos os g?neros. No Brasil, est?o distribu?das predominantemente as esp?cies de Sapajus, sendo S. nigritus end?mica de Mata Atl?ntica e caracter?stica do sudeste. Na Ilha da Marambaia, importante ?rea com remanescente florestal no estado do Rio de Janeiro, existe uma popula??o de macacos-prego, sem nenhum estudo anterior. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a popula??o de macacos-prego dessa regi?o atrav?s de an?lises fenot?picas e gen?ticas, incluindo o padr?o de pelagem, o sequenciamento do gene mitocondrial Citocromo Oxidase II e a avalia??o do cari?tipo com colora??o convencional e bandamento de heterocromatina constitutiva (banda C). Foram realizadas, tamb?m, entrevistas com moradores e militares da regi?o, de modo a identificar a poss?vel origem e isolamento dos primatas. Foram analisados doze esp?cimes, oito machos e quatro f?meas. As caracter?sticas de pelagem coincidiram, de modo geral, com descrito para S. nigritus, sendo observada colora??o variando de marrom a enegrecida no dorso, membros, cauda e topo da cabe?a, al?m de peito amarelo e face branca ou amarelo-clara, contrastante. Tufos de pelos no topo da cabe?a foram observados nos adultos, sendo maiores nas f?meas. A an?lise do gene mitocondrial revelou maior proximidade da popula??o da ilha com S. xanthosternos, que ocorre na Bahia, e em seguida com S. cay, que ocorre em parte do Brasil e no Paraguai. A maior diverg?ncia apresentada foi em rela??o a popula??es de S. nigritus da Argentina. A an?lise do cari?tipo revelou padr?o condizente com as esp?cies de Sapajus, com 2n = 54 (XX ou XY), embora a morfologia do cromossomo sexual Y, submetac?ntrica, fosse divergente do comumente descrito na literatura (acroc?ntrica). Apresentaram banda C intercalar os pares cromoss?micos 4, 11, 12 e 17. O par 11 mostrou-se com tr?s polimorfismos, todos intercalares e diversificados entre si por processos de dele??o e invers?o. O padr?o deste par foi divergente do descrito, como um pequeno acroc?ntrico, para S. nigritus em popula??es da Argentina, apresentando bandamento semelhante ao considerado espec?fico de S. xanthosternos. Segundo o levantamento realizado, a popula??o de primatas parece ser natural da ilha, estando provavelmente isolada. De acordo com as diverg?ncias gen?ticas encontradas, a popula??o da Ilha da Marambaia pode ter conservado caracter?sticas ancestrais. O padr?o de banda C do par 11 indica que o polimorfismo descrito para popula??es da Argentina pode n?o corresponder a toda a distribui??o de S. nigritus. Estes dados podem auxiliar no entendimento da diversidade e evolu??o das esp?cies de Sapajus, uma vez que este teria irradiado a partir do sudeste brasileiro. Novos estudos com popula??es de outras regi?es do Rio de Janeiro s?o necess?rios para se averiguar o padr?o de bandamento de heterocromatina apresentada para o par 11, bem como as rela??es gen?ticas demonstradas pelo sequenciamento do gene mitocondrial para a popula??o da Ilha da Marambaia.
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Noernberg, Mauricio Almeida. "Discriminação de plantas aquáticas utilizando dados SAR multipolarimétricos na Banda C." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 1996. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/iris@1912/2005/07.20.06.45.
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O estudo das plantas aquáticas possui grande importância, principalmente devido a dois aspectos: 1) como influenciadoras da qualidade da água, tanto nas regiões litorâneas como nos ecossistemas lacustres, devido ao seu potencial produtivo e também pelos problemas que podem causar quando da sua presença em excesso; 2) como parte dos processos que influenciam o balanço global do ciclo Carbono, produzindo ou fixando gases responsáveis pelo efeito estufa. Este trabalho propõe avaliar as possibilidades de uso de dados de radar aerotransportado multipolarimétrico na banda C, para discriminar gêneros de plantas aquáticas, em função das diferenças em suas características estruturais e arquitetura do dossel no (sigma)°. Fotografias aéreas da área teste na escala 1:10.000, localizada no reservatório de Tucuruí no estado do Pará, foram usadas como verdade terrestre e registradas com as imagens SAR da mesma área. A partir das fotografias aéreas foram selecionadas amostras de 9 classes: Água, Paliteiros, Floresta, Scirpus, Eichhornia, Typha, Salvinia, Pistia, e Heterogêneo. As amostras foram analisadas em função das suas distribuições estatísticas, dos valores médios dos parâmetros de separabilidade (e coeficiente da variação) e dos índices biofísicos. O resultado das análises mostrou pouca possibilidade de discriminação das classes utilizando o (sigma)° e o coeficiente de variação. Mostrou ainda que o (sigma)° é sensível às variações morfológicas e estruturais das classes estudadas, principalmente variações na altura da planta. O range dinâmico parece ser indicador da homogeneidade das amostras, e a polarização HH foi a que apresentou menores valores de range dinâmico para todas as classes. Os índices biofísicos não apresentaram bons resultados, somente o CSI foi um indicador dos mecanismos de reflexão de canto nas classes Paliteiros, Scirpus e Salvinia, e o VSI apresentou relação com o espalhamento do volume da classe Floresta.<br>Two main aspects make it important the study of aquatic plants: 1) the aquatic plants affect the water quality in the littoral area and within the lake ecosystem due to their productivity and problems that may bring about when undergoing excessive growth; 2) as part of the processes influencing the global Carbon cycle, producing and fixing green house gases. This research assess the suitability of airborne C band polarimetric SAR data for the discrimination among macrophyte genera with different structural and morphological features. It also assess the usefulness of biophysical indexes as a tool to identify the effect of the dossel architecture on the radar backscatter. Aerial photographs of the test site, located in the Tucurui reservoir (Pará state), at the scale of 1: 10.000 were used as ground truth and registered to the SAR images. Based on the aerial photography, 9 ground classes were selected as follows: Water, dead tree trunks (Paliteiros), Forest, Scirpus, Eichhornia, Typha, Salvinia, Pistia and Heterogeneous. The samples were analyzed according to the following aspects: statistical properties, average of separability parameters (backscatter and coefficient of variation) and biophysical indexes. The results showed that there is little possibility of discriminating among the macrophyte genus using both the backscatter coefficient and coefficient of variation. It also showed that the backscatter coefficient is sensitive to morphological variations in the plant height. The dynamic range which is an indicator of the degree of separability among classes presented the smallest values for the HH polarization in every ground class. The biophysical indexes did not present good results except for the CSI which showed to be an indicator for comer reflection in the Paliteiros, Scirpus and Salvinia. The VSI also indicated volume scattering in the Forest.
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Porcacchia, Leonardo. "Studio di sistemi precipitanti con radar polarimetrico in banda c e disdrometro a microonde." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6266/.
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In questo lavoro di tesi si studiano quattro sistemi precipitanti di carattere principalmente convettivo che hanno interessato la regione Emilia-Romagna tra la primavera 2012 e l'inverno 2013. Si fornisce una trattazione che prevede l'utilizzo di due strumenti basati sulla tecnologia radar: il pluviometro disdrometro a microonde PLUDIX e il radar polarimetrico in banda C di San Pietro Capofiume (SPC). Gli strumenti sono posizionati ad una distanza di circa 30 km in linea d'aria. PLUDIX, situato al Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) di Bologna, rileva le idrometeore al suolo e fornisce informazioni pluviometriche e disdrometriche sulla precipitazione in corso. Il radar SPC analizza echi provenienti dall'atmosfera circostante, fino alla distanza di 112.5 km e all'elevazione di 13° rispetto a terra. Si confrontano i profili temporali di intensità di precipitazione ottenuti da PLUDIX con quelli ricavati dalle variabili polarimetriche radar, che permettono di meglio interpretare l'evoluzione temporale degli eventi. Si procede, inoltre, alla classificazione delle idrometeore in atmosfera. A tal fine si implementa un algoritmo di classificazione polarimetrico basato sul lavoro di Park et al. (2009) e modificato in funzione della letteratura scientifica al riguardo. La classificazione di idrometeore che più interessa è quella relativa alle quote radar sulla verticale del CNR, che può essere messa a confronto con le evidenze disdrometriche da PLUDIX al suolo.
I risultati sono soddisfacenti e mostrano che i due strumenti vedono gli stessi fenomeni da due punti di vista. L'analisi combinata dei dati eterogenei da PLUDIX e dal radar SPC permette di ricavare importanti informazioni sui processi fisici in nube e sull'evoluzione temporale e spaziale dei sistemi precipitanti.
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PENNA, STEFANO. "Design processing and characterization of organic devices for optical communications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/991.
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La recente esplosione dei servizi a larga banda e i limiti imposti dalla legge di Moore hanno spinto la ricerca verso il concetto di chip ottico integrato, inteso come un dispositivo che implementa le principali funzioni ottiche, tipicamente nella banda C, su di un'unica piattaforma.
In questi dispositivi l'integrazione e la compattezza giocano un ruolo fondamentale. Tra i diversi materiali disponibili, i composti semiconduttori organici sono particolarmente attraenti perchè a basso costo di fabbricazione e particolarmente predisposti all'integrazione per via della loro struttura amorfa.
Tra le diverse funzioni da implementare in un chip ottico integrato, l'amplificazione e la generazione di luce sono ancora limitate. Questo è dovuto principalmente al fatto che l'erbio, necessario per l'emissione in banda C, ha proprietà sfavorevoli come basse sezioni d'urto di assorbimento ed emissione. Per questo motivo vengono utilizzati dei materiali host in grado di ospitare l'erbio al loro interno e di fungere da antenne, captando l'energia di eccitazione con maggiore efficienza e di trasferirla all'atomo di erbio. Un tipico esempio di questo tipo di sistema è dato dall'EDFA, in cui la matrice vetrosa delle fibra funge da host per l'erbio. Tecnologie come gli EDFA non sono però predisposte all'integrazione ottica, dal momento che fibre di circa 40 m di lunghezza sono richieste per ottenere una sufficiente amplificazione. In questo contesto i composti organici drogati con erbio, detti organolantanidi, sono promettenti per un'applicazione all'ottica integrata dal momento che possiedono proprietà interessanti come buone sezioni d'urto di assorbimento ed emissione e basso costo di lavorazione. Lo scopo di questo lavoro è di fornire una dimostrazione pratica delle potenzialità di applicazione dei composti organolantanidi per la realizzazione di un amplificatore DFB integrato in banda C a pompaggio elettrico
I diversi aspetti del dispositivo sono stati studiati separatamente, utilizzando l'uso di tecniche a basso costo come il solution processing e il pompaggio ottico tramite LED per l'eccitazione dei composti attivi. La possibilità del pompaggio elettrico è stata esplorata con la realizzazione di un LED organico (OLED) realizzato tramite spin-coating. Le cavità DFB sono state fabbricate tramite litografia per nanoimprinting ed interferenza laser e depositate con organolantanidi in funzione di strato attivo, ottenendo una linea di emissione a 1530 nm. Infine, le proprietà guidanti del dispositivo sono state studiate mediante la strutturazioen della cavità come guida d'onda di canale. La discontinuità d'indice planare è stata ottenuta tramite foto-patterning UV, ottimizzato per il composto organico attivo utilizzato in questo lavoro di tesi.<br>The recent explosion of broadband services and the limits imposed by the Moore’s law have stimulated strong research activities towards the integrated optical chips, that are composed of a platform on which many different optical functions, typically in the C-band, are implemented. Such devices are particularly challenging because integration and compactness play fundamental roles. Among the different materials used to process the optical integrated devices, three main classes can be identified: semiconductors, glasses and organic materials. The last ones are particularly attractive because of the low cost of processing and the high integration related to the amorphous structure, resulting in not required lattice matching conditions.
A common design approach in integrated optics is to optimize a particular optical function with a specific material, then to integrate it on the platform. Among the functions to be implemented, amplification and light generation are still limited with respect to the other functions such as modulation or coupling/splitting. This is due to the limits imposed by erbium for the C-band operation. Indeed, erbium is difficult to be optically excited because of the small absorption cross section, so host sensitizers such as glasses are needed to efficiently collect the outer excitation and transfer it to the erbium ions. The most famous example of erbium sensitizer scheme is provided by the Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs), wherein erbium ions are incorporated in glass matrices. However, EDFAs are not suitable for integrated chips since a long interaction length is required to achieve a sufficient gain level. Erbium-doped organic compounds are promising erbium sensitizers for the application to integrated chips as they exhibit attractive features such as high absorption and emission cross section, semiconducting behavior and low cost processing.
The aim of this work is to provide a demonstration of the potential of Er-doped compounds for the processing of an electrically driven integrated laser amplifier for the C-band of the optical communications. The different issues involved in such a challenging device have been studied separately, emphasizing the use of low cost techniques such as solution processing for organic deposition and LED pumping for the excitation of the active compounds. The opportunity for electrical pumping has been demonstrated with the processing of a spin-coated Er-doped organic LED. The optically pumped DFB cavities have been fabricated by nano-imprinting lithography and laser interference lithography and coated by Er-doped organic compound as active layer, resulting in a narrow emission line centered at 1530 nm. Finally, the waveguide issue has been addressed by designing a channel waveguide. Planar index discontinuity has been achieved by mean of a UV photo-patterning technique, purposed for the erbium-doped compound used in this work.
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Avila, Pablo Jaime Palacios. "Fonte de luz coerente na banda C de telecomunicações e uso em chips de Si3N4." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-27072018-034402/.
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Os estados emaranhados da luz são de grande importância para protocolos de comunicação quântica. Uma das principais fontes que vem sendo estudada no Laboratório de Manipulação Coerente de Átomos e Luz - LMCAL é o oscilador paramétrico ótico (OPO) no qual, através de processos paramétricos não lineares de segunda e terceira ordem (x(2) e x(3)), são produzidos feixes intensos que apresentam correlações quânticas. Recentemente, o LMCAL vem explorando o processo de mistura de quatro ondas (fenômeno derivado da susceptibilidade de terceira ordem x(3)) como fonte geradora de feixes emaranhados. Inicialmente, foi realizado a partir de células de rubídio e agora, em colaboração com o grupo de pesquisa da Profa. Michal Lipson da Universidade de Columbia, em chips de nitreto de silício (Si3N4); permitindo assim possibilidades de modulação ultra-rápida, confinamento de luz em volumes muito reduzidos, além da ótica não-linear do OPO. O presente projeto visa estudar as propriedades quânticas da luz nos OPOs em chips de silício, permitindo que sistemas muito eficientes em informação clássica possam ser usados também para implementação de protocolos de informação quântica.<br>Entangled States of light beams are of great importance for quantum communication protocols. One of the most relevant source of such states which is being studied at the Laboratory of Coherent Manipulation of Atoms and Light - LMCAL (in portuguese) is the Optical Parametric Oscillator (OPO) which through second and third order nonlinear parametric processes (x(2) and x(3)) produces intense fields that have quantum correlations. Recently, LMCAL is exploring four-wave mixing (FWM), a third-order nonlinear parametric process, as a source of entangled beams. Initially, on rubidium cells and now, in collaboration with Prof. Michal Lipson from the Columbia University, on silicon nitride (Si3N4) chips; opening a new avenue for ultrafast modulation, light confinement in reduced light volumes, as well as the nonlinear optics of the OPO. This project is intended to study quantum properties of light of on-chip OPOs in order to achieve the integration of these highly efficient devices for implementations of quantum information protocols.
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Furtado, Luiz Felipe de Almeida. "Mapeamento e modelagem da estrutura da vegetação na várzea Amazônica utilizando dados polarimétricos de banda C." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2014. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2014/02.17.19.38.
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Áreas úmidas são regiões de extrema importância pela sua biodiversidade e serviços ecológicos, por serem também uma das principais fontes naturais de gases estufa. Estima-se que entre 12\% e 29\% da bacia Amazônica seja constituída por áreas úmidas. Devido a sua grande extensão e ao caráter dinâmico da sua vegetação, dados de radares de abertura sintética (SAR) são fundamentais, pois permitem a aquisição de informações de maneira sinóptica e multitemporal, mesmo em regiões de frequente cobertura de nuvens. Dados SAR polarimétricos (PolSAR) obtém maior quantidade de informação sobre cobertura vegetal, podendo melhorar a discriminação de diferentes tipos de vegetação e melhor caracterizar sua estrutura, quando comparado a dados multipolarizados e multitemporais. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficiência do uso de dados polarimétricos do sensor Radarsat-2 (banda C) para a classificação da vegetação e caracterização de sua distribuição e estrutura na várzea Amazônica, na região da várzea do Lago Grande de Curuai, no Pará Para isso, seis imagens PolSAR Radarsat-2 multitemporais foram classificadas utilizando-se análise de imagem baseada em objetos (OBIA) e algoritmo de mineração de dados. Os resultados da classificação permitiram comparar o desempenho do mapeamento dos tipos de vegetação da várzea usando (a) imagens polarizadas com diferentes ângulos de incidência, (b) diagonais principais das matrizes C e T, (c) diferentes combinações de decomposições polarimétricas e (d) imagens multitemporais. Os resultados dessa comparação permitiram constatar que combinações entre imagens polarizadas e decomposições polarimétricas maximizam a separabilidade de classes tomadas individualmente, mas quando essas classes são analisadas em conjunto, as imagens multitemporais são as que apresentam o melhor desempenho. Por outro lado, as decomposições polarimétricas sobressaíram-se na modelagem da estrutura da várzea do Lago Grande de Curuai e de atributos correlatos, gerando os melhores modelos para estimar DAP, IAF, Densidade de indivíduos e Altura de Inundação. Todos os modelos apresentaram alta correlação com atributos extraídos das cenas SAR, porém todos eles apresentaram heterocedasticidade, havendo necessidade de pesquisas posteriores para identificar e sanar a causa desse problema. Dessa maneira, os resultados desse estudo permitem concluir que os dados polarimétricos foram mais indicados para análises quantitativas da estrutura da vegetação e que as cenas multitemporais foram as mais indicadas para o mapeamento de diversos tipos de vegetação da várzea amazônica.<br>Wetlands are important regions due its biodiversity and ecological services, and also are considered one of the main sources of greenhouse gases. It is estimated that 12\% up to 29\% of Amazon River basin area consist of floodplains. Due to its great area extent and the dynamics of the vegetation communities, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are important because of its synoptical and multitemporal image acquisition, even under intense cloud-covered regions. Polarimetric SAR data (PolSAR) register an increased amount of vegetation information, increasing vegetation types discrimination and a better structural characterization, when compared to polarized or multitemporal SAR data. This paper have as objective assess the performance of using C band PolSAR data on mapping Lago Grande de Curuai várzea vegetation types and characterizing its structural properties. To achieve this objective, six full polarimetric Radarsat-2 images were classified using object based image analysis (OBIA) and a data-mining algorithm. The classification results allowed assessing the performance of várzea vegetation mapping using PolSAR images with (a) different incidence angles and polarizations, (b) C and T matrixes main diagonals, (c) polarimetric decompositions and (d) multitemporal imagery. The results demonstrate that the combination of polarimetric decompositions and polarized images maximizes individual classs discrimination, but when those classes are analyzed together, the multitemporal images achieved the best validation indexes. On the other side, polarimetric decompositions highlights structural and correlated attributes modeling, adjusting the best models to estimate DBH, LAI, individual density and flood height. All models have high correlation with SAR imagery, but all of them are heterocedastical, and there is need of further research to understand why. This study concludes that PolSAR data are best suited to quantitative studies of várzea vegetation, and multitemporal scenes are indicated to map different vegetation types of Amazon várzea.
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Torres, Chavez Ivaldo. "Sistema de medida de la transmisión óptica de bajo coste con LED a 1.45 um: obtención del coeficiente de absorción del c-Si a altas temperaturas y monitorización in-situ de la recristalización de capas a-SiCx:H sobre c-Si." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8464.
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En este trabajo se ha fabricado un equipo de medida que combina la alta temperatura con transmisión óptica, utilizando el espectro de emisión de un LED comercial de bajo coste de adquisición.<br/>A partir de las medidas de transmisión óptica se ha obtenido el coeficiente de absorción y a través de este conocer la temperatura del substrato de c-Si:<br/>Así como para conocer los mecanismos fundamentales que intervienen en el proceso de la absorción óptica (Banda a banda y Cargas libres). Se ha ampliado el modelo teórico de calculo del coeficiente de absorción para ajustar las medidas echas con el espectro de emisión de un LED.<br/>El equipo construido se ha empleado para monitorizar in-situ la fase de cristalización de las capas de a-SiCx:H intrínsecas y dopadas con fósforo depositadas sobre substrato de c-Si. Los resultados obtenidos se han comparando con otras medidas ópticas que involucran técnicas diferentes: SEM, X-RD, FTIR, Monocromador, que confirman los resultados encontrados.
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Praxedes, Kelvin da Cruz. "Estudo de modelos de banda larga para estimativa da irradia??o direta normal." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA MEC?NICA, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24419.
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Previous issue date: 2017-08-25<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)<br>O presente estudo tem por principal objetivo estudar doze modelos de banda larga para c?u limpo para estimativa de Irradia??o Direta Normal (IDN), e escolher o mais adequado para as condi??es clim?ticas da cidade de Natal-RN. Para tal, fez-se necess?ria uma revis?o acerca dos principais m?todos de estimativa e medi??o da IDN para determinar qual o melhor entre esses, e utiliza-lo na pesquisa. Em seguida estimou-se o valor do coeficiente de turbidez de Angstrom (?), utilizando um modelo matem?tico de parametriza??o proposto por Louche et al. (1987). Para a estimativa de ? e o c?lculo dos valores de IDN dos modelos utilizados no trabalho, tomou-se como base dados da esta??o meteorol?gica do CTG?S-ER, localizada em Natal-RN (altitude 84 m; latitude 5,82?S, longitude 35,23?W). A esta??o solar tamb?m forneceu dados de IDN mensurados a partir de um pireli?metro, onde foi poss?vel comparar os resultados obtidos a partir dos modelos com os mensurados, e verificar a viabilidade desses modelos para as condi??es clim?ticas da regi?o estudada. O valor de ? ? apresentado neste trabalho em m?dias mensais. O resultado obtido segue em partes o padr?o esperado, que ? de menores valores de ? nos meses de inverno, e maiores valores de ? nos meses de ver?o. Os meses de Dezembro e Janeiro destoam desse padr?o, devido principalmente ? quantidade de chuvas incidente nesses meses ser superior em mais de 40% para o m?s de Janeiro, e de 200% para o m?s de Dezembro, quando comparado com a m?dia dos ?ltimos dez anos. Os valores m?nimos e m?ximos apresentados para ? s?o de 0,094 em Julho e de 0,128 em Mar?o. Essa proximidade de valores ? decorrente de n?o haver uma varia??o consider?vel no valor de espessura de precipita??o de ?gua ao longo do ano, principalmente pelo fato da temperatura m?dia em Natal ser praticamente a mesma ao longo de todo o ano. Com rela??o aos modelos de banda larga, estes foram divididos em dois grupos para an?lise, considerando a quantidade de par?metros de entrada. Os que precisam de quatro ou menos par?metros s?o considerados modelos simples, e os que precisam de mais de quatro par?metros, modelos complexos. Para valida??o dos resultados encontrados, utilizou-se seis m?todos estat?sticos, o Erro M?dio Bias (MBE), a Raiz Quadr?tica do Erro M?dio (RMSE), o Teste t-estat?stico (TT), a Incerteza Expandida (U95), o Coeficiente de Correla??o de Pearson (r) e o Coeficiente de Determina??o (R2). Os modelos foram classificados e rankeados de acordo o desempenho de cada um dos m?todos estat?sticos, calculados atrav?s do Indicador de Performance Global (IPG). Os resultados obtidos mostram que, para a cidade de Natal, a quantidade de par?metros n?o determina o desempenho dos modelos, j? que os modelos simples obtiveram um dos tr?s melhores resultados, e tamb?m os dois piores.<br>The present study has as main objective to study twelve broadband models for clean sky to estimate Direct Normal Irradiation (IDN), and to choose the most suitable for the climatic conditions of the city of Natal-RN. To do this, a revision was necessary about the main methods of estimation and measurement of IDN to determine the best among them, and used it in the research. Then the value of the Angstrom turbidity coefficient (?) was estimated using a mathematical model of parameterization proposed by Louche et al. (1987). For the estimation of ? and the calculation of the IDN values of the models used in the study, data from the CTG?S-ER meteorological station, located in Natal-RN (altitude 84 m, latitude 5.82 ? S, longitude 35.23 ? W). The solar station also provided IDN data measured from a pyreliometer, where it was possible to compare the results obtained from the models with those measured, and verify the viability of these models for the climatic conditions of the studied region. The value of ? is presented in this work in monthly averages. The obtained result follows in parts the expected pattern, which is of lower values of ? in the winter months, and higher values of ? in the summer months. The months of December and January fall short of this pattern, mainly due to the amount of rainfall in these months being more than 40% higher in January and 200% in December compared to the average of the last ten years. The minimum and maximum values presented for ? are 0.094 in July and 0.128 in March. This proximity of values is due to the fact that there is not a considerable variation in the value of water precipitation thickness throughout the year, mainly because the average temperature in Natal be practically the same throughout the year. Regarding broadband models, these were divided into two groups for analysis, considering the number of input parameters. Those that need four or fewer parameters are considered simple models, and those that need more than four parameter complex models. In order to validate the results, we used six statistical methods, the Mean Bias Error (MBE), the Mean Error Root Mean (RMSE), the t-statistic (TT), the Expanded Uncertainty (U95), the Coefficient of Pearson correlation (r) and the Determination Coefficient (R2). The models were classified and ranked according to the performance of each of the statistical methods, calculated through the Global Performance Indicator (GPI). The results show that for the city of Natal, the number of parameters does not determine the performance of the models, since the simple models obtained one of the three best results, and also the two worst ones.
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Arakaki, Reinaldo Gen Ichiro. "Simulação do coeficiente de retroespalhamento de radar na banda C para solos nus típicos do Estado de São Paulo." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 1994. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/iris@1912/2005/07.20.04.40.01.
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Após um período de grande utilização dos sensores orbitais (LANDSAT, SPOT), surgem a partir desta década os sistemas imageadores de radar. Desde 1992, o Brasil está sendo imageado pelo sistema SAR orbital ERS-1. Diversas questões estão em aberto quanto aos novos produtos gerados pelo radar do ERS-1, como quais os parâmetros do alvo que influenciam as suas imagens. Este trabalho procura simular o coeficiente de retrospalhamento radar gerado pelo SAR-ERS-1 sobre cinco tipos de solos do Estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, utilizou-se um modelo de permitividade complexa de Hallikainen (1985), e para relacioná-lo ao (sigma)° (coeficiente de retroespalhamento) foi escolhido um modelo empírico entre os modelos encontrados na literatura (modelo de pequenas perturbações, modelos de Kirchhoff e modelo da equação integral). Foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para a medição de rugosidade do solo, obtendo-se a altura rms e coeficiente PHC, parâmetros importantes para o entendimento do sinal de retorno do radar. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo de Hallikainen apresenta discrepâncias com o encontrado por Palme (1986). Os parâmetros de rugosidade se mostraram extremamente aleatórios e sensíveis. O modelo empírico mostrou que a umidade volumétrica e a rugosidade dos solos são os principais parâmetros do solo responsáveis pelo sinal de retorno de radar e que, para reduzir o efeito da rugosidade e assim ter condições de poder avaliar a umidade volumétrica dos solos deve-se ter alturas rms maiores do que 4cm.<br>After almost 20 years of optical orbital sensors (Landsat and SPOT), the nineties will be the decade of radar imaging systems. Since 1992, Brazil has been imaged by the orbital SAR system ERS-1. Several open questions remain regarding the new products generated by this imaging radar, e.g. the effects of target characteristics on image composition. This study simulates the backscatter coefficient generated by SAR/ERS-1 on five soil types found in São Paulo State, Brazil. For the simulations the complex permittivity model of Hallikainen (1986) was used. To correlate this model to Sigma nought (backscatter coefficient) an empirical model was chosen from among those existing in the literature (e. g. small perturbation model, Kirchhoff models and the model of integral equation). A methodology for the measurement of soil roughness was developed and the soil parameters rms height and PHC coefficient were obtained. These parameters are relevant for an understanding of radar backscatter. The results show that Hallikainen's model presents discrepancies when compared with the model developed by Palme (1986). The roughness parameters exhibited extreme sensitivity. The empirical model showed that the volumetric moisture and the soil roughness are the main soil parameters and, in order to reduce the roughness effect and to properly evaluate the volumetric soil moisture, rms heights above 4 cm are required.
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Servello, Emerson Luiz. "Dados polarimétricos do RADARSAT-2 (banda C) na discriminação de uso e cobertura da terra na região da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 2010. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m19/2010/10.26.01.47.
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O Brasil é pioneiro em programas de monitoramento de floresta tropical, tais como o PRODES e DETER. No entanto, estes programas utilizam imagens de sensores ópticos, sujeitos à cobertura de nuvens. Justifica-se assim o interesse em empregar dados de radar no monitoramento de florestas. Portanto, busca-se com esta dissertação estudar o comportamento da radiação, Banda C, proveniente do sensor SAR RADARSAT-2 aplicado ao monitoramento de uso e cobertura do solo na Floresta Nacional do Tapajós e entorno. Para atender este propósito o trabalho foi divido em três partes: (i) análise preliminar dos dados SAR; (ii) classificação dos dados com mudança de base polarimétrica; e (iii) análise temporal das imagens SAR nos anos de 2008 e 2009. A análise preliminar empregando gráficos de análise de fase, coeficiente de correlação e fração de polarização revelaram o grau de espalhamento da onda e o potencial das imagens no tratamento por mudança de base. As maiores contribuições para a despolarização da onda vieram das classes pastagem e floresta. Esta informação foi validada na segunda etapa da pesquisa, ao se aplicar a estatística kappa nas classificações das seguintes imagens: a) modo normal completa em polarizações conforme adquirida, b) com novos valores de elipticidade (E), e orientação (O) (E45O0, e E30O45); e c) imagens com polarizações HH e HV. A polarização HH apresentou resultado superior às demais classificações. Ao empregar as imagens polarimétricas num contexto temporal, o uso de imagens RADARSAT-2, em primeira instância, foi viável no estudo de mudança no uso e cobertura do solo em escala regional. No entanto apresentou limitações quanto à ocorrência de precipitação no ato da aquisição dos dados bem como em áreas com variações abruptas de relevo. Esta dissertação apresentou avanços na disponibilização de informações e características da banda C, em resposta à vegetação de porte arbóreo, assim como algumas coberturas da terra de ocorrência frequente em floresta tropical. Os resultados mostraram uma metodologia de uso da polarimetria por mudança de base para a identificação de classes de uso e cobertura do solo. Este campo de pesquisa ainda deve ser explorado, com a investigação das demais técnicas e ferramentas para a identificação de classes e variáveis da vegetação a partir de dados polarimétricos em banda C.<br>Brazil is a pioneer in forest monitoring programs, such as PRODES and DETER. However, these programs use images from optical sensors, subject to cloud cover. Thus, the interest in employing radar data for monitoring forests was justified. This dissertation seaks the study of C-band SAR data, from RADARSAT-2, to monitor land use and land cover in the Tapajos National Forest and surrounding areas. To serve this purpose, the work was divided into three parts: (i) preliminary analysis of SAR data; (ii) classification of data with a change of the polarimetric basis; and (iii) temporal analysis of SAR images from years 2008 and 2009. Preliminary analysis using phase graphical analysis, correlation coefficient and polarization fraction revealed the degree of scattering of the wave and the potential for the treatment of images by changing the base. The results showed that the largest contributions to the depolarized wave came from forest and pasture classes. This information has been validated at the second stage of the research, by applying the Kappa statistics scores for analyzing the classification of the following images: a) Normal mode in complete polarization, b) with new values of ellipticity (E) and orientation (O) (E45O0, and E30O45); and c) images with HH and HV polarizations. The accuracy of the HH polarization was higher than the other classifications. By employing the polarimetric images in a temporal context, the use of Radarsat-2 images was feasible for the study of land use and land cover change at regional scales. However, it has presented limitations regarding the occurrence of precipitation at the time of data acquisition as well as in areas with abrupt changes in relief. This thesis presented advances in providing information and characteristics of C-band in response to the vegetation, as well as in response to some land covers of frequent occurrence in tropical forest areas. The results showed a methodology to use the polarimetry by changing the basis for the identification of classes of land use and cover. This field of research remains to be explored, with research into other techniques and tools for identifying classes and vegetation variables from polarimetric C band data.
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Vallejo, Santa María Helí Jesús. "Diseño de un servicio de Internet para el hogar adecuado al segmento del mercado de NSE C/D." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/273436.
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Barreto, Edwin Luize Ferreira. "An?lise do acoplamento de estruturas fractais em antenas monopolo multi-banda para comunica??o sem fio." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ENGENHARIA EL?TRICA E DE COMPUTA??O, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22329.
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Previous issue date: 2016-11-18<br>Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal realizar o estudo e an?lise de diferentes antenas planares de microfita, atrav?s do emprego de geometrias fractais no patch ressoador e da remo??o parcial do plano de terra com acoplamento. Recentes estudos mostram que as varia??es nas formas geom?tricas do patch da antena e do plano de terra produzem mudan?as na distribui??o da densidade de corrente da estrutura e consequentemente nos modos ressonantes e na polariza??o da antena. No desenvolvimento desta tese, apresenta-se uma nova antena fractal que utiliza a t?cnica de inser??o de fendas e aberturas de forma fractal no plano de terra e tamb?m descontinuidades no transformador ? de onda na linha de transmiss?o a fim de aumentar a largura de banda e alcan?ar comportamentos espec?ficos em aplica??es de banda de frequ?ncia. Emprega-se o substrato FR-4 com dimens?es de 85,0 x 85,0 x 1,57 mm?. Al?m disso, usam-se diferentes modos de casamento de imped?ncia na linha de alimenta??o de antena como CPW (Coplanar Wave Guide) e altera??es da largura da linha de transmiss?o, a fim de obter varia??o na distribui??o de corrente e, consequentemente, na largura de banda de resposta por imped?ncia para S11 ? -10dB para banda C (3.9 GHz - 6,2 GHz) e banda S (2,0 GHz - 4,0 GHz). Uma an?lise comparativa de desempenho para a linha de microfita e CPW foi realizada, obtendo-se para alguns casos antenas circularmente polarizadas. Boa concord?ncia foi obtida entre os resultados medidos e simulados.<br>This work has as main objective to carry out the study and analysis of different planar microstrip antenna, by employing fractal geometry in the resonator patch and partial removal of the ground plane with coupling. Recent studies show that variations in geometric shapes of the antenna and the ground plane generate changes in current density distribution of the planar structure and consequently the resonant modes and antenna polarization. In developing this thesis presents a new fractal antenna using the technique of insertion slots and fractal shaped defects (gaps) in the ground plane and discontinuities with ? wavelength transformer in the transmission line in order to increase the bandwidth and inserting in the feed line to reach specific behaviors in three frequency bandwidth applications. We used the FR-4 substrate with dimensions of 85.0 x 85.0 x 1.57 mm?. In addition, we used different modes of impedance matching in line antenna feed as CPW (Coplanar Wave Guide), to change the width of the transmission line in order to obtain a variation in the current distribution and hence the response bandwidth impedance to S11 ? -10dB for C band (3.9 GHz - 6.2 GHz) and S band (2.0 GHz - 4.0 GHz). A comparative analysis of cases with microstrip line and CPW was made, applications in this frequency range require preferably circularly polarized antennas. Good agreement was obtained between measured and simulated results.
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Londe, Luciana Nogueira. "Caracterização Molecular e Citogenética de frutos de Caryocar brasiliense (Cambess) com e sem espinho no caroço." Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 2010. https://repositorio.ufu.br/handle/123456789/15707.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>CHAPTER II: Pequi, Caryocar brasiliense, is one of the species of highlight at the
biome of the Brazilian savannah due to its utilization in culinary, popular
medicine, industry in general, and iron and steel industry. It presents an
elevated index of exploration, being capable of entering the list of the
endangered species. In the region of São José do Xingu (MT), a tree of
pequi without thorn at the mesocarp was found and this enables to
improve pequi not only for consumption, taking advantage of the high
appreciation it already has. To detect the existing genomic differences
between the pequi with and without the thorn at the endocarp, RADP
markers were utilized. The generated polymorphisms were cloned and
sequenced in order to identify the sequences responsible for the
fenotypical alteration. It was observed that the pequi without thorn is
genetically isolated from the other populations of pequi with thorn at the
endocarp, proving that this characteristic is related to the genetic
divergence of the species. Analysis in BLASTn evidenced the similarity of
the Dof1 genes of Zea mays, in the population with thorn, and in the
population without thorn, with the gene of phosphinotricin acetyl
transferase of Z. mays. In the analysis of BLASTx, the similarity was
verified with the proteins responsible for the deficiency in ferric reductase
4, in the pequi without thorn and catalase, in the pequi without thorn. CHAPTER III:The pequi, Cayocar brasiliense Cambess. Is a feature of Brazilian cerrado plant
suffering extractive action, mainly for food. It is a plant very appreciated in the
regions of Minas Gerais, especially in the north of this state. In the region of Sao
Jose do Xingu, Mato Grosso, was found in a plant which had no thorns in the core
and this allowed further research to discover the lack of thorns as it is an unwanted
feature of the plant. Thus, the cytogenetic study, using conventional Giemsa
staining, NOR, banda C, DAPI and CMA3 were used for comparison between the
pequi with and without spines in the putamen. It was found that these differences
are not attributed to chromosomal differences between the two types of pequi. Both
have the same chromosome number, the marking of NOR, C banding was not
verified due to the size of chromosomes and differences in staining with DAPI and
CMA3 could not be verified although related to these characteristics. CHAPTER IV: The pequi is a species that is gathered and today is seen as a source for the
production of biodiesel. The objective of this study was to identify sequences from
a cDNA library that are involved in the metabolic pathways for production of pequi
fruit, to gain a better understanding of the species and its biological and genetic
properties. To do so, a cDNA library was created and the clones were cloned and
sequenced. These identified sequences were deposited in GenBank. Most of the
sequences found are associated with protection against oxidative stress in plants,
some are transcription factors and others provide structural and pathogenic
resistance.<br>CAPÍTULO II: O pequi, Caryocar brasiliense, é uma das espécies de destaque no bioma do
Cerrado devido a sua utilização na culinária, medicina popular, indústria e
siderurgia. Apresenta índice de exploração elevado, podendo entrar na lista das
espécies ameaçadas de extinção. Na região de São José do Xingu (MT) foi
encontrada uma árvore produzindo pequi sem espinho no endocarpo, o que
levantou a possibilidade de melhorar o pequi para consumo aproveitando a alta
apreciação que já possui. Com o objetivo de analisar as diferenças genômicas
entre o pequi com e o sem espinho no endocarpo, utilizou-se marcadores RADP
(Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA). As bandas polimórficas geradas foram
isoladas, clonadas e seqüenciadas, buscando identificar sequências responsáveis
pela alteração fenotípica. Observou-se que o pequi sem espinho fica isolado
geneticamente das demais populações de pequi com espinho no caroço,
comprovando que essa característica está relacionada à divergência genética da
espécie. Análises em BLASTn mostraram a similaridade aos genes Dof1 de Zea
mays, na população com espinho e com o gene da Acetiltransferase Fosfinotricina
de Z. mays, na população sem espinho. As análises em BLASTx revelaram
similaridade com as proteínas responsáveis pela Deficiência em Redutase Férrica
4, no pequi sem espinho e com catalase, no pequi com espinho. CAPÍTULO III: O pequizeiro, Cayocar brasiliense Cambess., é uma planta característica do
cerrado brasileiro que sofre ação extrativista, principalmente, para a alimentação.
É uma planta bastante apreciada em regiões de Minas Gerais, especialmente no
Norte desse estado. Na região de São José do Xingu, Mato Grosso, foi encontrada
uma planta produzindo pequi sem espinhos no caroço. O estudo citogenético, por
meio de coloração convencional de Giemsa, NOR, banda C, DAPI e CMA3 foi
utilizado para a comparação entre plantas produtoras de pequi com e sem
espinhos no caroço. Verificou-se que essas diferenças não podem ser atribuídas à
diferenças cromossômicas entre os dois tipos de pequi. Ambas as plantas têm o
mesmo número cromossômico, mesma marcação de NOR. Não foi verificado
bandeamento C devido ao tamanho dos cromossomos. Diferenças de coloração
com DAPI e CMA3 foram detectadas, porém não é possível afirmar que estejam
relacionadas com a presença ou ausência de espinhos no fruto. CAPÍTULO IV: O pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense Cambess.) é uma espécie nativa do cerrado
brasilieiro e que possui importância alimentar e social para a população que dela
depende. É uma espécie que sofre ação extrativista e que, atualmente, é
considerada fonte para a produção de biodiesel. Nesse trabalho o objetivo foi
identificar, a partir de uma bilbioteca de cDNA, seqüências que estejam envolvidas
em vias metabólicas para produção do fruto do pequi, para conhecimento da
espécie, suas propriedades biológicas e genéticas. Dessa forma foi construída
biblioteca de cDNA e os clones foram clonados e seqüenciados. As sequências
identificadas foram depositadas no GenBank. Algumas das sequências
encontradas estão relacionadas à proteção contra o estresse oxidativo em plantas,
outras são fatores de transcrição e algumas sequências expressas têm funções
estruturais e de resistência a patógenos.<br>Doutor em Genética e Bioquímica
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Hokazono, Kenzo. "Eletrorretinograma de padrão reverso (PERG) de campo total na esclerose múltipla e na neuromielite óptica e PERG multifocal na atrofia em banda do nervo óptico: correlação com os achados da tomografia de coerência óptica e da perimetria c." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5149/tde-09062014-101946/.
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OBJETIVO: avaliar a capacidade do eletrorretinograma de padrão reverso de campo total (PERG) e multifocal (PERGmf) de detectar alterações funcionais da retina em pacientes com afecções desmielinizantes e compressivas da via óptica anterior; estudar a correlação entre as amplitudes do PERG e PERGmf com as espessuras das camadas internas da retina obtidas pela tomografia de coerência óptica (TCO) e com a perda de campo visual avaliada pela perimetria computadorizada padrão (PCP). MÉTODOS: cento e cinquenta e dois olhos de 28 pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM), 38 com espectro da neuromielite óptica (NMO) com ou sem neurite óptica (NO) prévia e 30 olhos de 26 controles normais foram submetidos ao PERG, à TCO para avaliação da camada de fibras nervosas da retina (CFNR) peripapilar e camadas internas da retina na mácula e à PCP. Os olhos estudados foram divididos em 4 grupos: grupo 1. EM com NO; grupo 2. EM sem NO; grupo 3. NMO; grupo 4. Mielite transversa longitudinal extensa. Os achados foram comparados utilizando-se as equações de estimativas generalizadas. As correlações entre os achados do PERG, da TCO e da PCP foram avaliadas pela correlação de Pearson ou Spearman e pela análise de regressão linear. Para avaliação dos pacientes com doenças compressivas da via óptica anterior, foram estudados 25 olhos de pacientes com defeito campimétrico temporal e atrofia em banda (AB) do nervo óptico decorrente de compressões quiasmáticas já tratadas e 25 olhos de 25 controles normais pelo PERGmf, a TCO e a PCP. As comparações entre olhos com AB e controles foram feitas usando análise de variância (ANOVA). As correlações entre achados do PERGmf, da TCO e da PCP foram avaliadas pela correlação de Pearson ou Spearman e pela análise de regressão linear. RESULTADOS: comparado com controles, as amplitudes do PERG foram significativamente reduzidas em olhos de pacientes com NMO e EM com NO, mas não mostraram diferenças significativas em olhos de pacientes com EM sem NO e mielite transversa longitudinal extensa. Correlações significantes foram encontradas entre os valores de amplitude de N95, a espessura da camada de células ganglionares da retina e a espessura da CFNR peripapilar. As reduções de amplitudes do PERG também foram significativamente associadas à perda de sensibilidade do campo visual. Na avaliação de pacientes com AB do nervo óptico, as amplitudes do PERGmf foram significativamente reduzidas nos quadrantes temporais quando comparados com controles. Não houve diferenças de amplitude nos setores nasais. Correlações significativas foram encontradas entre as amplitudes do PERGmf, a espessura macular total e a CFNR peripapilar no setor temporal e a perda de sensibilidade do campo visual. CONCLUSÕES: O PERG foi capaz de detectar perda funcional em pacientes com EM e NMO com NO prévia e suas amplitudes foram significativamente correlacionadas com a espessura das camadas internas da retina e camada de fibras nervosas peripapilar. As amplitudes do PERGmf foram capazes de demonstrar perda funcional em pacientes com AB do nervo óptico e apresentaram correlações significantes com a perda de sensibilidade do campo visual e as medidas de espessura macular total e da CFNR peripapilar<br>PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of full-field and multifocal (mf) pattern electroretinogram (PERG) parameters to detect functional changes of the retina in patients with demyelinating and compressive diseases of the anterior visual pathway; to study the relationship between the PERG (full field and multifocal) amplitudes, optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured inner retinal layers measurements and visual field sensitivity loss on standard automated perimetry (SAP). METHODS: one hundred fifty-two eyes of 28 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), 38 with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum with or without previous episodes of optic neuritis (ON) and 30 eyes of 26 normal controls underwent PERG, OCT macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer measurements and SAP. The eyes of the patients were divided into 4 groups: group 1. EM with ON; group 2. EM without ON; group 3. NMO; group 4. Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). The findings were compared using the generalized estimating equations (GEE). The correlations between the findings of the PERG, OCT and SAP were assessed by Pearson correlation coefficients or Spearman\'s rank correlation coefficients and linear regression analysis. For evaluation of patients with compressive diseases of the anterior visual pathway, 25 eyes of patients with temporal visual field defect and band atrophy (BA) of the optic nerve due to chiasmal compression and 25 eyes of 25 normal controls were studied by mfPERG, OCT and SAP. Comparisons between BA and control eyes were made using variance analysis (ANOVA). The correlations between the findings mfPERG, OCT and SAP were evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficients or Spearman\'s rank correlation coefficients and linear regression analysis. RESULTS: compared to controls, PERG amplitudes were significantly reduced in eyes of patients with MS with ON and NMO, but not in eyes with MS without ON and longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis. Significant correlations were found between N95 amplitudes values, OCT-measured macular ganglion cell layer thickness, total retinal thickness, and temporal peripapillary RNFL thickness.The reduced mfPERG amplitudes were also significantly associated with loss of visual field sensitivity. In the evaluation of patients with BA of the optic nerve, mfPERG amplitudes were significantly reduced in the temporal quadrants when compared with controls. There were no differences in the amplitudes values in the nasal sectors. Significant correlations were found between mfPERG amplitudes, OCT-measured total macular thickness and peripapillary RNFL in the temporal sector and the loss of sensitivity of the visual field. CONCLUSIONS: full-field PERG measurements were able to detect functional loss in patients with MS and NMO with previous episodes of ON and PERG amplitudes were significantly correlated with inner retinal layers thicknesses and peripapillary RNFL. Multifocal PERG amplitudes were able to demonstrate functional loss in patients with BA of the optic nerve and showed significant correlations with visual field sensitivity loss and OCT-measured total macular and peripapillary RNFL thickness
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Melle, Christophe, David Chaimbault, Fabien Peleau, and Alain Karas. "A Tri-Band L, S, C Prime Focus Feed: Concept, Design and Performance." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579680.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2013 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Ninth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 21-24, 2013 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV<br>The flight test mission services need higher data rates due to increased system complexity and the need for more accurate, higher rate, and better data acquisition. The existing L or S band frequency spectrum allocation was a limiting factor to meet this increased data rate requirement. The World Radio-communication Conference (WRC 2007) attributed new additional frequency spectrum allocations in the C band for Aeronautical Mobile Telemetry (AMT). The international flight test community has taken this opportunity to immediately take advantage of the new C-band range 5091-5250MHz. This paper presents the multi-band feed product designed by the RF & Antenna Laboratory of ZODIAC DATA SYSTEMS company. This feed is foreseen to be used in prime focus configuration on any diameter parabola dish providing telemetry and tracking channels in three L, S, and C bands. Here, are described the concept and the technology achieved taking into consideration the performance and industrial constraints. Moreover, this contribution focuses on the electromagnetic simulations of radiating elements, the feed network and RF system integration. This paper is structured as follows: firstly, the objectives and the motivation for developing a prime focus feed which works in L, S, C bands are presented. In particular, the market constraints and approach to find the best solution satisfying the feed RF requirements, and mechanical constraints, such as weight, size and cost, are discussed. The second section describes the 5 step development cycle: principle and technology, design of the telemetry channels and tracking function, cohabitation of the different radiating elements, and problems of the channels isolations. The third section discusses the performance achieved using electromagnetic simulations. The fourth section talks about the integration of RF system feed. The paper concludes by discussing future work using the same concept that is applied to other telecommunication or telemetry frequency bands.
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Rasheed, Maaz. "C Band Microwave Oscillator." Thesis, University of Gävle, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-3002.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The work focuses on the study, design and implementation of a C band Microwave oscillator using coaxial resonators, for the transceiver used in wave radar. It involves a literature study discussing different aspects of microwave oscillators, mainly the shielding of the oscillators, frequency pulling due to load and supply pulling, tuning range and the temperature performance of the oscillator. The study of the shielding resulted in proposing a high quality metallic shield with high elastic modulus, high strength and high density, as the wave radar will be a stationary, standalone system and the weight of the shield is not a limiting factor. The metallic shield provides better EMI and EMP performance than the carbon ferrites. The characterization of the resonator is critical as a small mistake pulled the frequency about 300 MHz. This can be achieved by careful design and measuring the resonator test circuits for one port. The tuning range of the oscillator is important as the temperature, bias, and load mismatches can increase or decrease the frequency of the oscillator. The varactor in combination with a capacitor increases the tuning range to about 10 times. The high reverse isolation of 47 dB is achieved by a passive attenuator and a buffer amplifier. The temperature performance is also important and there was a 30 MHz variation in frequency from 0-60 degree centigrades, and the output power was between 3-4 dBm. The Load puling was 1 MHz with a 12 dB return loss test setup for a phase change of 0-180 degrees. The phase noise was -98 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset. Overall the coaxial resonator oscillator proves to be a very good stable oscillator suitable for aerospace and ground based industry.</p>
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King, Oliver Gray. "C-BASS : The c-band all sky survey." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509968.
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Ryken, Marv. "C-Band TM Smart Antenna." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581445.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>This paper addresses the system requirements of the C-Band TM antenna that will take the place of the S-Band TM antenna used in applications on munitions and targets that require a quasi-omni directional antenna pattern. For these applications, the C-Band TM effective radiated power (ERP) must be approximately 3 dB higher than the S-Band TM ERP to achieve the same system performance due mainly to weather and environmental differences. From a systems stand-point, this will be a problem for the following reasons: power amplification at higher frequencies is usually less efficient, there is a limit on prime power due to battery capabilities, and a more complex corporate feed at C-Band as compared to S-Band will produce more loss. This means that a more fruitful approach would be to use smart antenna ideas to achieve the required higher ERP as compared to current approaches of using higher power transistors and more battery power. Several smart antenna ideas are introduced in this paper, switchable driven element antenna is described including active amplification at each element.
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Kujiraoka, Scott, and Russell Fielder. "C-Band Missile Telemetry Test Project." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579659.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2013 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Ninth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 21-24, 2013 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV<br>The physics associated with transmitting and receiving a telemetry signal at a frequency greater than an octave above the current operating band is such that an end-to-end evaluation of the complete data link system (both the transmit and receive side) is required. In 2012, Airborne Instrumentation Systems Division (AISD), Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) was sponsored by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) to develop a couple of short-range air-to-air missile platforms that use a specially-designed warhead-replaceable telemetry section incorporating three data links: (1) an S-band link to transmit Time- Space-Position Information (TSPI), (2) an C-band link, and (3) an additional S-band link where the latter two are transmitting the same pseudo-random bit sequence at the same effective radiated power level. Flight testing will consist of a series of captive tests conducted over land and water. The tests will be performed under a variety of conditions to induce potential issues caused by multipath, atmospheric ducting, fast-slewing of the tracking antenna, and large propagation losses. Flight testing will culminate with the live-fire of a missile over a military land range. This paper describes the continuing efforts of this test program from these series of flight tests, thus quantifying the performance of C-band telemetry data transmission as compared to the S-band.
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Johnson, Bruce. ""C" Band Telemetry an Aircraft Perspective." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595617.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>This paper concentrates on aircraft specific issues and impacts of utilizing a "C" band telemetry system on a new or existing instrumentation system.
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Guadiana, Juan M., and Brecken Uhl. "A Brave New C Band Architecture." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/596424.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2015 Conference Proceedings / The Fifty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2015 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV<br>This paper looks at the migration paradox from a holistic perspective, revisits the Smarter Antenna concept and looks for synergetic solutions. The architecture presented also builds on the momentum of the relentless migration to network technology (that has already transformed telemetry data centers) and pushes it to the vehicle. The results are reduced costs and exciting new functionality, such as better situational awareness for mission conduct and range safety. Spatial and temporal domains are harnessed as aggressively as the frequency domain to enable denser spectral utilization and other exciting benefits. Imagine a Test Range no longer reliant on tracking systems (almost)!
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Wei, Zeng. "A C-BAND MOBILE TELEMETRY SYSTEM." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607382.
Full textAbstract:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>In this paper, it is introduced that a C-Band mobile telemetry system designed for the
satellite telemetry task. It can provide a wide range of bit rate and different code type and
frame format which is completely set up by user in advance, to meet the requirements
needs in different satellites. The PCM-PSK-PM signal and the PPM-MFSK-PM signal can
be received and demodulated at the same time. Single channel monopulse technique is
employed for automatic tracking. Angle calibration and angle tracking are performed in
this system. Real-time data processing, displaying, testing of bit error rate and post-flight
analyses is performed by PC type computer. All key components of the system may be
programmed.
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Copley, Charles Judd. "The C-Band All Sky Survey." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:22fc0616-fffb-46de-8537-73f39e4739f7.
Full textAbstract:
The C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS) is a 1 GHz bandwidth survey of the radio sky in both intensity and polarization at a frequency of 5 GHz and with a resolution of 0.8. Northern and Southern sky coverage is provided by antennas located at the Owen’s Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) in California, and the MeerKAT support base in South Africa, respectively. The primary science goal of C-BASS is to provide a highly sensitive C-Band all sky intensity and polarization map to augment the WMAP/Planck surveys. Removal of foregound contamination will place a limit on the success of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments that attempt to detect the B-Mode polarization of the CMB. We will provide a HEALPix map (N<sub>side</sub>=128) with an r.m.s. noise of 0.13 mK/pixel in Stokes Q and Stokes U, and a confusion limited r.m.s. noise of 0.8 mK/pixel in Stokes I. Removal of foregrounds at the higher frequency CMB surveys will be significantly improved by this lower frequency constraint. This thesis describes the development of the C-BASS gain-stabilized receiver capable of making sensitive measurements of both galactic total intensity and polarization. The receiver features a novel digital backend to provide spectral detail across the frequency band of interest. The analog signal conditioning uses a double sideband mixer to mix the RF frequencies to a DC–1000 MHz baseband for digitization. By changing the mixer frequency and/ or duplicating the signal conditioning and digital hardware, the RF frequency coverage can be modified for other projects. I also describe the process of converting a 7.6 m telecommunications dish to a high performance radio astronomy platform. The discussion includes dish surface measurements, optical design, and the development of an inexpensive telescope servo controller. The antenna conversion process and receiver design can be used to significantly reduce capital costs of future experiments, which is especially useful for short timescale experiments. The African VLBI (Nordling, 2012) is currently following a similar route to repurpose antennas across the African continent.
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Thompson, Willie L. II. "A Multi-Band Transceiver Design for L/S/C-Band Telemetry." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581652.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>The Serial Streaming Telemetry infrastructure is being augmented with the Telemetry Network System, which is a net-centric infrastructure requiring bi-directional communications between the test article segment and the ground station segment. As a result, future radio segments must implement transceiver architecture to support bi-directional communications. This paper presents a design methodology for a multi-band transceiver design. The design methodology is based upon the Weaver architecture to provide coarse selection between the telemetry bands. Utilization of the Weaver architecture allowed for the optimization of multiple transmitter and receiver channels into single channels to support the L/S/C-Band frequency allocations. System-level simulation is presented to evaluate the feasibility of the transceiver design for a multi-band, multi-mode software-defined radio (SDR) platform in support of Telemetry Network System.
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Temple, Kip, and Robert Selbrede. "Performance Comparison of Aeronautical Telemetry in S-Band and C-Band." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605924.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>This paper compares telemetry link performance of the PCM/FM waveform when simultaneously transmitting in two different frequency bands, S-Band and C-Band. A description of the aircraft and ground station is presented followed by flight test results. These results are presented in the form of received signal strength and accumulated bit errors, versus time and link availability, over the flight paths. Conclusions are drawn based upon the presented flight test results.
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Luongo, Stephanie. "NTPS AERONAUTCAL MOBILE TELEMETRY C BAND CONVERSION." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626943.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the limited availability of L Band spectrum for non-government use, the National Test Pilot School (NTPS) has implemented a C Band airborne mobile telemetry (AMT) datalink system in order to continue to fulfill its mission to educate and train military and civilian flight test personnel. Instrumented aircraft were upgraded to support a PCM stream with higher resolution data and higher data rates required during performance & flying qualities and loads & flutter testing. This technology upgrade included a ground system that was both L and C Band capable and used a Smartronix Telemetry Receiver Processor to convert RF-to-IRIG Chapter 10 UDP packets for a direct input to an IADS® server in the NTPS control room. To achieve the similar performance to the legacy L Band datalink, a high gain, C Band antenna and low noise amplifier were installed as well as a new antenna rotator that allowed for higher precision movements and 360-degree continuous rotation in the pan axis. This paper will discuss the design analyses for and flight testing of the NTPS C Band datalink.
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Rice, Michael. "The Challenges of C-Band Missile Telemetry." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581460.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>The differences between S-band and C-band systems are summarized in the context of missile telemetry. The most important challenges of C-band operation are identified: for air-to-air and airto- surface systems, the relative small size of these missiles limits their ability to source additional DC power and handle increased heat loading due to potentially less-efficient C-band telemetry transmitters. For surface-to-air systems, the prospect of reduced link margin and potential tracking problems associated with narrower beamwidth antennas are the dominant issues for interceptor type systems whereas the power and heat issues associated with less-than-unity telemetry transmitters are the dominant issues for anti-air warfare systems. The potential problems for C-band telemetry of surface-to-surface systems appear to be more like the fixed-wing aircraft issues, many of which have been resolved.
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DePardo, Dan. "C-BAND TELEMETRY TRANSMITTER OUTPUT FILTER DEVELOPMENT." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624268.
Full textAbstract:
Telemetry frequency spectrum reductions and reallocations have prompted DoD test ranges to
adapt to operation in less desirable frequency ranges, such as C-Band, posing significant
challenges to operational capabilities that are vital to mission success. The design and
development of new high performance components and systems is essential to the successful
migration to C-Band spectrum allocations. This paper will detail the simulation and prototype
test results of an RF output filter tailored for an advanced C-Band telemetry transmitter design.
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Wang, Yu. "Tunable C Band Coupled-C BPF with Resonators Using Active Capacitor and Inductor." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1472479817.
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Rice, Michael, and Michael Jensen. "A Comparison of L-Band and C-Band Multipath Propagation at Edwards AFB." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595610.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>This paper summarizes L- and C-band propagation data based on multiple transmit and receive antennas in the flight-line environment at Edwards AFB. The data show that for this particular environment, C-band propagation exhibits much less delay spread than L-band propagation. But C-band propagation is more susceptible to complete outages due to shadowing. The main contributing factors to these conclusions are the increased attenuation at the point of reflection at C-band and the fact that the same antennas were used for both the L- and C-band experiments. Consequently, the receive antenna beamwidths were different (the beamwidth was much narrower at C-band) and this narrowed the angular spread of the multipath components captured at C-band.
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Fréaud, Gilles. "C Band Telemetry at Airbus Flight Test Centre." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578367.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2014 Conference Proceedings / The Fiftieth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 20-23, 2014 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CA<br>Airbus is authorized to use S-band for Telemetry transmission until 2015. In October 2011, the decision was taken to move to C-band in 2013, to cope with Airbus development aircraft planning. The objective was a real challenge for 2 main reasons: C-band channel was not characterized in Airbus transmission environment and it was necessary to validate the propagation performance for Flight Tests uses. The selected solution is based on Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (COFDM) modulation. There was no existing solution so it has led the Airbus Test Centre to drive the development of its own C Band solution. C-band telemetry at Airbus has been tested and evaluated in flight from April 2012. The first goal was to check the coverage and the impact of the bad weather condition. Besides, it was necessary to characterize the channel to choose the optimised parameters for the waveform in the Toulouse Blagnac environment. This selection of parameters allows the high quality and increased data rate required for Airbus Telemetry to be reached. The test results consolidated the choice of a COFDM modulation, when given the high sensitivity to multipath of usual Frequency Modulation in the airport environment full of buildings and aircrafts. Moreover, it has been possible to reach a similar quality to the S-band telemetry systems, thanks to a fine tuning of the waveform parameters, and tracking system. Deployment of the system by modifying 8 reception antennas and 12 development aircrafts was done over a span of 4 weeks in January 2014. No impact on Airbus A350 certification campaign occurred due to close collaboration with Flight Test Operations. The new Telemetry system enables an increase of telemetry capabilities in the future, especially the data throughput, simplified remote control and monitoring. This experience is an opportunity to set up a new standard.
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Lewis, Ray. "High Performance S and C-Band Autotrack Antenna." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595754.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>A novel dual-band S and C band antenna for high-performance autotracking applications is described. The antenna provides simultaneous dual band coverage for targets with circular or linear polarization. A vertex mounted C-band multi-mode common aperture feed is added in a Cassegrain configuration augmenting the existing ViaSat patented [1-4] ESCAN® S-band prime focus feed. A dichroic subreflector is also added allowing simultaneous dual band operation for the prime focus and Cassegrain configurations with minimal interaction. Existing S-band antennas are easily upgraded for dual band capability with only the additions of the vertex mounted C-band feed and dichroic subreflector.
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Hamilton, Terry. "Upgrade of RCB Receivers for C-Band Reception." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606035.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2009 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Fifth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2009 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>Existing telemetry ground receivers typically operate in a bandwidth between 215MHz to 2485MHz, while the new C-Band covers 4.4GHz to 5.15GHz. Additionally, some installations are choosing to incorporate down converters in the antenna as an alternate approach. This paper describes an innovative approach to solving all of these problems, by enhancing the capabilities of existing range assets. The plan is to upgrade existing fielded receivers without impacting their existing functionality to also include C-Band reception. The upgrade module along with the software revision will provide the user with a fully functional receiver in the existing bands and the newly added bands. This will be accomplished by the development of an advanced down converter sections with coverage across all bands that will replace existing modules within the telemetry receivers. It is the details of this development that will be presented.
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Rubio, Pedro, Francisco Fernandez, and Francisco Jimenez. "REAL TIME C BAND LINK BUDGET MODEL CALCULATION." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624184.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this paper is to show the integration of the transmission gain values of a
telemetry transmission antenna according to its relative position and integrate them in the C band
link budget, in order to obtain an accuracy vision of the link.
Once our C band link budget was fully performed to model our link and ready to work in real
time with several received values (GPS position, roll, pitch and yaw) from the aircraft and other
values from the Ground System (azimuth and elevation of the reception telemetry antenna), it
was necessary to avoid a constant value of the transmitter antenna and estimate its values with
better accuracy depending of the relative beam angles between the transmitter antenna and
receiver antenna. Keeping in mind an aircraft is not a static telecommunication system it was
necessary to have a real time value of the transmission gain.
In this paper, we will show how to perform a real time link budget (C band).
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Lewis, Ray. "High Speed Target C-Band Feed Upgrade for Autotracking High Dynamic Targets." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/581459.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>A new common aperture autotracking C-band feed, specifically designed to accurately track fast moving targets such as the Lance missile, is reviewed. Measured data demonstrates exceptional tracking modulation required for good tracking performance while simultaneously providing excellent data channel performance for high G/T over the entire 4.40-5.25 GHz band. The new patent applied for feed design allows users to maintain existing L/S-band capability with a cost effective field upgrade which adds high performance C-band capability to an existing telemetry tracking system.
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Kujiraoka, Scott, Russ Felder, and Ben Johnson. "Flight Test Results from C-Band Missile Telemetry Project." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577468.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2014 Conference Proceedings / The Fiftieth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 20-23, 2014 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CA<br>Over the past few years, papers have been presented relating to the design and development of a telemetry section used to compare the performance between S-Band and C-Band telemetry links. In addition, the flight test plans to make this comparison have been discussed. Captive Carry Test Flights (on a F-18 fighter jet) over the NAVAIR Sea and Land Ranges at Point Mugu and China Lake were conducted during the April-July 2014 timeframe. In addition a Live Fire Test Flight over the Land Range of the specially outfitted missile was performed in July 2014 as well. This paper will discuss these series of flights tests and provide a performance assessment of the data quality between the C-Band and S-Band telemetry data links. In addition, lessons learned from the various test flights will be included as well. Due to publication deadlines, the results will be summarized at the actual conference.
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Kujiraoka, Scott, Russell Fielder, and Robert Troublefield. "Initial Efforts in Augmenting a Missile Telemetry Unit to Operate in C-Band." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/595619.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada<br>Currently most of the missile telemetry systems operate in the lower S-Band frequency range (2200-2290 MHz). Due to Federal Government plans to repurpose this frequency spectrum to commercial entities, missile telemetry systems will have to migrate to operate in the lower C-Band range (4400-4940 MHz) as well. This move in the operational frequency requires the upgrading of not only the Range ground receiving equipment, but the airborne transmitting units as well. This paper will detail the efforts required to augment a missile telemetry unit from operating in S-Band to C-Band.
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Mueller, Guenter. "Introducing C-Band Operations Using a Low Cost Test Platform." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/596418.
Full textAbstract:
ITC/USA 2015 Conference Proceedings / The Fifty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 26-29, 2015 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV<br>Changing from L/S-Band to C-Band requires not only new equipment. Even the characteristics of the new frequencies just as the new frequency environment are a challenge for the operations in this bands when changing from a well-known frequency environment to a unknown new one. This paper describes the way used at Airbus Defense and Space Flight Test Ground Station to get experience with new equipment and to learn more about the new environment. Repeatable and comparable tests allowed training for the operators and the optimization of the equipment and procedures with the new environment. Although many of the problems or features observed during the tests where expected in advance, but even unexpected results could be identified.
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Kujiraoka, Scott, Russell Fielder, and Maxim Apalboym. "Spectrum Access R&D (SARD) Program: Conformal C-Band/Multi-band Antenna Project." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624194.
Full textAbstract:
The Conformal C-Band/Multi-band Antenna project will support the AWS-3 auction by
providing the technology to integrate C-Band or multi-band telemetry(TM) antennas on
test articles such as missiles, weapons, or aircraft. These test articles would then
provide C-Band or multi-band TM data to ground station receivers that are relocated to
the C-Band frequency range through the AWS-3 Spectrum Relocation Fund program.
This project would advance the technology of antennas in the C-Band region for test
article TM integration. Successful use of C-Band and Multi-Band antennas for
aeronautical mobile telemetry (AMT) on test and training ranges is dependent on the
advancement of key technologies. This paper will detail the technology areas being
matured by this project as well as the capabilities to be demonstrated.
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Maslikowski, Lukasz, Kulpa Krzysztof, Dmitriy Glushko, and Felix Yanovsky. "Short-Range C-Band Noise Radar for Meteorological Application." Thesis, 2013 IEEE XXXIII International Scientific Conference Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO), 2013. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/30093.
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his paper concerns a ground-based continuous- wave noise radar system that was built from Commercial-Off-The-Shelf measurement equipment (Vector Signal Analyser, Ar- bitrary Waveform Generator, amplifiers, antennas) and operated at 5.6 GHz in the C-band. This electronic system was tested as a meteorological radar in the experiment devoted to atmospheric precipitation sensing. The result of the processing is a set of Range-Doppler plots containing visible echo of rain, based on which its intensity can be calculated. There are the system setup, signal processing and results described in the paper.
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Irfan, Melis Omer. "The C-Band All Sky Survey (C-BASS) : observing diffuse Galactic emission at 5 GHz." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-cband-all-sky-survey-cbassobserving-diffuse-galactic-emission-at-5-ghz(cba1c8ba-6aca-4777-8a2f-d94cc4ea4eeb).html.
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Measurements of the diffuse Galactic emission are used for both the interpretation of sensitive cosmic microwave background data and the understanding of our Galaxy. I examine the diffuse Galactic emission at a central frequency of 4.76 GHz using data from the C-Band All-Sky Survey (C-BASS). The technical work presented here fo- cuses on microphonic oscillation mitigation, receiver noise measurements and radio frequency interference detection. Northern C-BASS is a continuous comparison ra- diometer with a system temperature of 40 K, a knee frequency of 0.10 mHz in polari- sation and a noise level of 2 mK sqrt(s). A calibration scheme was devised, using astro- nomical calibrators, to convert the data to Kelvin and correct for atmospheric opacity. This scheme is stable to 1 % over several months and accurate to better than 5 %. A major systematic in the C-BASS data is ground emission. In this work the ground emission is modelled and subtracted from the data resulting. A first scientific anal- ysis of C-BASS Northern intensity data was made to investigate the contributions of free-free and synchrotron emission within the Galactic plane. The synchrotron spectral index was determined to be −2.63±0.07 between 0.408 and 4.76 GHz and −2.71±0.14 between 1.420 and 4.76 GHz and the ratio of free-free to synchrotron emission at 4.76 GHz was found to be 53± 8 % to 47± 8 %. Bringing in higher frequency data allowed for the detection of anomalous microwave emission associated with W43, W44 and W47 at a level of 4.9σ, 6.0σ and 3.4σ, respectively and demonstrated the need for C-BASS data to constrain the spectral form of AME within certain regions.
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Ellinger, Frank. "Monolithic integrated circuits for smart antenna receivers at C-Band /." Konstanz : Hartung-Gorre, 2001. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy055/2001422287.html.
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Karchner, Darren. "Does a Spinning Missile Cause Tracking Error at C-Band?" International Foundation for Telemetering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579646.
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ITC/USA 2013 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Ninth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 21-24, 2013 / Bally's Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, NV<br>The amplitude fluctuation induced by the spinning missile acts as a disturbance on conscan. In addition, if a tracking system converts from S-band to C-band, the beamwidth is narrower and the wrap-around antenna on the missile requires more patches, and so the margin of error for tracking decreases. Tracking performance is simulated with a spinning missile with ballistic and fly-by trajectories while running at C-band. The spinning missile causes a periodic component in the pointing error, and when the conscan frequency is an integer multiple of the roll rate, conscan may lose track of the target. Remedial techniques are discussed, including increasing the conscan frequency and using monopulse tracking rather than conscan.
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King, Oliver Gray. "The C-Band : continuum mapping and measuring the radio environment." Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004744.
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Voice-enabled applications, applications that interact with a user via an audio channel, are used extensively today. Their use is growing as speech related technologies improve, as speech is one of the most natural methods of interaction. They can provide customer support as IVRs, can be used as an assistive technology, or can become an aural interface to the Internet. Given that the telephone is used extensively throughout the globe, the number of potential users of voice-enabled applications is very high. VoiceXML is a popular, open, high-level, standard means of creating voice-enabled applications which was designed to bring the benefits of web based development to services. While VoiceXML is an ideal language for creating these applications, VoiceXML gateways, the hardware and software responsible for interpreting VoiceXML applications and interfacing with the PSTN, are still expensive and so there is a need for a low-cost gateway. Asterisk, and open-source, TDM/VoIP telephony platform, can be used as a low-cost PSTN interface. This thesis investigates adding a VoiceXML service to Asterisk, creating a low-cost VoiceXML prototype gateway which is able to render voice-enabled applications. Following the Component-Based Software Engineering (CBSE) paradigm, the VoiceXML gateway is divided into a set of components which are sourced from the open-source community, and integrated to create the gateway. The browser requires a VoiceXML interpreter (OpenVXI), a Text-To-Speech engine (Festival) and a speech recognition engine (Sphinx 4). The integration of the components results in a low-cost, open-source VoiceXML gateway. System tests show that the integration of the components was successful, and that the system can handle concurrent calls. A fully compliant version of the gateway can be used in the real world to render voice-enabled applications at a low cost.
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Jaeck, Vincent. "Développement d’antennes de communication reconfigurables en bande C pour munitions intelligentes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S104/document.
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De nos jours, les communications sans fil sont devenues un moyen incontournable et universel d'échange d'un large éventail d'informations entre différents systèmes, certains d'entre eux étant en mouvement comme des drones parmi tant d'autres. Dans le contexte de cette thèse nous considérons une liaison entre un projectile et une station de base. La géométrie de la structure ainsi que les contraintes aérodynamiques d'un tir balistique impliquent l'utilisation d'antennes patchs dans la partie conique à l'avant du projectile. Ce type d'antenne est facile à intégrer à une plate-forme en tant que réseau conformé tout en respectant les contraintes d'encombrement. Ces communications doivent être fiables et discrètes dans un environnement perturbé ou hostile. Les diagrammes de rayonnement du réseau d'antennes doivent présenter des caractéristiques spécifiques, notamment dans le cas particulier d'objets volants et possédant une rotation en roulis (rotation autour de son axe) qui impliquent l'utilisation d'un réseau phasé et commuté par rapport à sa position. Une antenne qui présenterait un rayonnement fixe assurerait une liaison avec un interlocuteur, mais rayonnerait également dans d'autres directions sensibles ce qui pourraient interférer avec la communication principale. La solution qui consiste à activer et désactiver des sous-réseaux verticaux afin d'orienter le lobe principal dans la plan orthogonal à la pointe semble être en accord avec les contraintes de la structure tournante. Un réseau conique a été étudié puis 2 prototypes ont été fabriqués, dont un à l'ISL. Les sous-réseaux sont répartis de manière égale autour de la pointe de façon à pouvoir rayonner dans toutes les directions. De plus, chaque sous-réseau est composé de trois éléments ce qui permet d'orienter également le lobe principal dans le plan longitudinal de la pointe (le long de l'axe du projectile) grâce à un dépointage électronique. Un système électronique de formation de faisceaux a été développé dans le but de contrôler 12 éléments rayonnants. Le réseau d'antennes ainsi que le circuit de répartition ont été caractérisés dans un premier temps de manière indépendante afin d'optimiser les lois de phase nécessaires à dépointer le lobe à partir des pondérations mesurées. Au final, le réseau de 12 éléments associé à son système d'alimentation dédié a été mesuré dans les chambres anéchoïques de DGA-MI et de l'ISL et les mesures sont en accord avec les simulations<br>Nowadays wireless communications have become a useful and universal mean to exchange a wide range of information between different systems, some of them being moving, as UAVs among others. In this context we consider here the link between a projectile and a base station. The shape of the structure and the aerodynamic constraints involve the use of patch antennas in the conical front part. This class of antenna is easy to be integrated into the platform as a conformal array, while respecting space constraint. Communications have to be reliable and discrete in disturbed or hostile environment. Antennas array radiation patterns must have some specific characteristics, in particular in the case of flying objects with spin which involves the use of a switched phased array considering its roll position. A fixed-radiation pattern antenna may presents a relevant level or gain toward the interlocutor, but also toward sensitive directions, in which may be located others systems, interfering with the current communication. The solution to switch on and off vertical sub-arrays to steer the beam in the azimuthal plane seem convenient ant fitting the requirements of rotating platform. A conical phased array was studied and two prototypes were manufactured, one at ISL. Sub-arrays are distributed around the conical shape in order to be able to radiate in each direction. Moreover, each sub-array are composed of three radiating elements allowing to steer the main antenna beam in many direction (along the projectile fuze axes). A beam forming network was developed to control the 12 radiating elements conical array. The antenna array and the feeding network were characterized independently in order to optimized the phase of each radiating element. Finally, measurements were done on the whole system in the DGA-MI and ISL anechoic chambers and are in good agreement with simulation results
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Crockett, Donald E., David V. Arnold, and Michael A. Jensen. "THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A C-BAND RAIL-SAR AND AN S-BAND DOPPLER RADAR." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607366.
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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California<br>To help students learn the principles of microwave engineering and electromagnetic theory,
labs were developed in which the students built a rail-synthetic aperture radar(SAR) and a
Doppler radar. These labs gave the students practical experience in the paper design,
simulation, construction, testing, and debugging of RF circuits. This paper includes a
description of the design, physical construction, the basic operation, and the results from
these projects.
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Kujiraoka, Scott, Russell Fielder, Maxim Apalboym, and Michael Chavez. "Spectrum Access R&D (SARD) Program: An Update on the Conformal C-Band/Multi-band Antenna Project." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626948.
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In September 2016, work was initiated on the subprojects which comprise the Conformal C-Band/Multiband Antenna project: SARD #1: Broadband Conformal C-Band Missile Wraparound Antennas; SARD #2: Beam Switching Array Antennas; SARD #3: Multiband Conformal Antennas for Aircraft Applications; SARD #4: High Altitude Coronal Efforts on Antenna Performance; and SARD #5: Small, Medium Gain Multiband Receive Antennas. A brief status of each of them will be discussed and detail the technology areas being developed by each.
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Wilkinson, Andrew Morley. "The social and cultural history of Black Dyke Mills Band c.1900-c.1970 : change and continuity in the life of a leading brass band." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.629942.
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The subject of this thesis is Black Dyke Mills Band, from Queensbury, West Yorkshire, and founded by John Foster in 1855. Important aspects of the band and its activities are examined from 1900, a time when brass bands were probably at their peak, both in terms of numbers and public popularity. The subsequent seventy years witnessed a period of significant societal and cultural change that included the rise of commercial youth culture and new forms of popular music, to the ostensible detriment of the brass band movement. This study aims to assess why, and to what extent, there were changes not only in the membership and operation of the band, but also in its functions, repertoire and methods of communicating with the public. Key primary sources include the diaries of an ex-bandmaster, Arthur O. Pearce, the Business Archives of John Foster and Son, the brass band press, local newspapers, BBC archival records, and oral history. The chapters deal with the early history of the band and John Foster's business; the ongoing relationship between the band, the Foster family and the local community; the management and membership of the band; the band's repertoire over the period, and its contact with the public; Black Dyke's recording and broadcasting career in association with an overview of the BBC's contemporary policies relating to brass bands. 1 Although there were fluctuations in contest success, Black Dyke was able to retain its prominence at or near the top of the band movement for the whole of the period. Whilst in general brass bands were receding into the background of public consciousness, Black Dyke (along with a small number of other bands) was able to enhance its reputation by taking advantage of increasing commercial entertainment opportunities, including recording and broadcasting, and thus to engage with a wider audience than ever before. In order to satisfy that broad constituency of listeners, Black Dyke's repertoire expanded over the period, although there were significant continuities in what was played. At times, as the demands of public concert performance increased, contesting, so central to the brass band movement, appeared to become less of a preoccupation for Black Dyke in the twentieth century. Factors that remained constant were the backing provided by John Foster and Son, and the popularity the band retained in its home village. In addition, whilst the number of band members employed at the mill declined towards the end of the period, the democratic operation of the band, and the dedication of the bandsmen themselves remained unaffected; the evidence of brass banding as serious leisure was amply demonstrated.
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Scott, Jonathan Michael. "Failure Mechanisms and Texture Evolution of Wrought AZ31B Magnesium at Temperatures Ranging from 25 C to 125 C." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3135.
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Failure mechanisms were studied in wrought AZ31B magnesium alloy under different strain paths and various temperatures. Optical micrographs were used to observe the formation of shear bands and regions of high twin density in samples strained under uniaxial, biaxial and plane strain conditions. Interrupted testing at 4% effective strain increments until failure was used to observe the evolution of the microstructure. Results showed that shear bands with a high percentage of twinned grains appeared early in the samples strained under biaxial or plane strain tension. These bands are similar to the failure region in uniaxial tension specimens. A forming limit diagram for AZ31B was developed from the strain data, showing that plane strain and biaxial tension had very similar limit strains, in contrast to materials like steel or aluminum alloys which typically have greater ductility in biaxial tension compared to plane strain tension.
When the experiments are repeated at elevated forming temperatures of 75 C and 125 C there is no observable shear band formation. The forming limit diagrams for each temperature were created and showed a marked increase in biaxial tension formability, compared to plane strain tension. Optical microscopy showed no sign of any compression twins and very few tensile twins in samples strained in biaxial or plane strain tension, up to 12% effective strain. The lack of compression twins at these strain levels shows that the effect of temperature on critical resolved shear stress for < c+a > slip is greater than previously expected.
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Tschanz, Steven J. "Modeling low temperature C-V profiling in blocked impurity band detectors." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FTschanz.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Applied Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2005.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Nancy M. Haegel, Donald L. Walters. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49). Also available online.