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Journal articles on the topic 'Banding Pattern'

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Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 13 July 2025

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Pendás, A. M., P. Morán, and E. García-Vázquez. "Replication banding patterns in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)." Genome 36, no. 3 (1993): 440–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-060.

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Replication banding patterns have been obtained from in vivo treatment of Salmo salar using a modification of the 5-BrdU technique and in kidney cultures using the FPG staining method. Most of the chromosome pairs were identified in the karyotype based on the banding pattern, chromosome size, and centromere position. C-banding and replication banding patterns were compared.Key words: karyotype, replication banding, Salmo salar.

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Maistro, Edson Luis, Fausto Foresti, and Claudio Oliveira. "R- and G-band patterns in Astyanax scabripinnis paranae (Pisces, Characiformes, Characidae)." Genetics and Molecular Biology 22, no. 2 (1999): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47571999000200011.

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The absence of longitudinal bands in fish chromosomes has been associated with technical problems in chromosome preparations or the absence of a structural compartmentalization in the fish genome. In the present study, a R-banding pattern was obtained using a replication banding technique by in vivo treatment with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (5-BrdU). G-banding patterns were obtained after trypsin treatment and also after chromosome cleavage by in situ treatment with the restriction endonuclease BamHI. A similar G-banding pattern was also obtained after cleavage with the endonuclease HinfI. Presence of a resolute R- and G-banding patterns shows that Astyanax scabripinnis paranae chromosomes could present an isochore-like structure similar to that found in other vertebrates.

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Malleswari, M., P. Josthna, and Dossp Jacob. "INFLUENCE OF SNAKE NAJA NAJA VENOM ON DNA DAMAGE IN ALBINO RAT." International Journal of Medical Sciences and Pharma Research 2, no. 2 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijmspr.v2i2.14.

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Snake venom has therapeutic effect on treatment of certain diseases. This study has carried out to determine the snake Naja naja venom on DNA fragmentation levels. An increase in DNA levels was observed and the electrophoretic studies revealed that there is a significant change in the DNA banding pattern and the banding pattern is species specific which plays an important role in species identification and taxonomy. The electrophoretic DNA patterns are consistent in 24 h, 48 h, 72 h of envenomated rats. The present study may be for the first time concentrated on DNA banding pattern in the envenomated rats and this banding pattern will have the significance in building up the different snake species in getting together under one umbrella of taxonomy

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Hoque, Md Nazmul, Khandaker Ashfaqul Muid, and Mohammad Shamimul Alam. "Polytene Chromosome Banding Pattern three Drosophila species from Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 52, no. 2 (2024): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v52i2.77286.

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In this study, polytene chromosome maps of three Drosophila species (D. ananassae, D. bipectinata, and D. melanogaster) belonging to the melanogaster group were constructed based on their banding patterns obtained through analysis of images generated by aceto-orcein staining of salivary gland chromosomes. The nuclei of the salivary gland cells in each of the three Drosophila species contained six chromosome arms (X, 2L, 2R, 3L, 3R, and 4). The chromosomal inversion number and banding patterns of six chromosome arms were slightly changed among D. melanogaster, D. ananassae and D. bipectinata. Banding patterns were similar in D. melanogaster and D. ananassae. However, D. bipectinata polytene chromosome banding pattern were slightly different from that of D. melanogaster and D. ananassae. A significant banding difference was observed in the case of D. bipectinata. Chromosome number 4 was detected as a small chromosome among the Drosophila chromosomes. The species-specific polytene chromosome banding patterns can be valuable tools for chromosomal aberration detection. Thus, the results might provide a background to study their evolutionary history, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationships. Bangladesh J. Zool. 52(2): 253-261, 2024

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Mattsson, J. E., and I. Kärnefelt. "Protein Banding Patterns in the Ramalina Siliquosa Group." Lichenologist 18, no. 3 (1986): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282986000294.

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AbstractThe value of primary chemical compounds correlated with known secondary chemistry and morphological variation within the Ramalina siliquosa group has been investigated. A hundred specimens were collected on two different occasions from 13 different populations on the Swedish west coast during April 1984. Protein extracts were prepared from 27 on secondary constituents identified and morphologically analysed populations. The protein bandings were performed by means of isoelectric focusing. Twenty-two different banding patterns were analysed since two were destroyed during preparation and three others yielded weak patterns. The results indicated that three different banding pattern types could be discerned: type A originated from material containing norstictic acid, stictic acid, norstictic acid in combination with stictic acid and on acid-deficient material; type B originated from material containing salazinic acid or salazinic acid in combination with protocetraric acid; and type C originated from material containing salazinic acid, protocetraric acid, salazinic acid in combination with protocetraric acid or on acid-deficient material. Material of banding type A belonged morphologically to R. cuspidata (Ach.) Nyl. and material of banding types B and C to R. siliquosa (Hudson) A. L. Smith. Seasonal and developmental factors can, however, affect the production of both primary and secondary constituents. Since there are no obvious morphological differences between the different chemical races within R. siliquosa s. str. and as material of salazinic acid in combination with protocetraric acid yielded both type B and type C banding patterns, the results do not support a taxonomy in the R. siliquosa group recognizing more than two species.

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Kalita, B., and G. N. Hazarika. "Glutelin Banding Pattern in Rice Assessed." International Rice Research Notes 20, no. 4 (1995): 7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7246914.

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This article 'Glutelin Banding Pattern in Rice Assessed' appeared in the International Rice Research Notes series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and rice-based systems. The series is a mechanism to help scientists keep each other informed of current rice research findings. The concise scientific notes are meant to encourage rice scientists to communicate with one another to obtain details on the research reported.

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Morrison, D., N. Woodford, S. P. Barrett, P. Sisson, and B. D. Cookson. "DNA Banding Pattern Polymorphism in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium and Criteria for Defining Strains." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 37, no. 4 (1999): 1084–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.37.4.1084-1091.1999.

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The degree of DNA banding pattern polymorphism exhibited by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREM) strains isolated on a renal unit over an 11-month period was investigated. Thirty VREM strains from different patients were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE; with extended run and optimal pulse times), ribotyping, plasmid profile analysis, biotyping, pyrolysis mass spectrometry, and antibiogram analysis. PFGE resolved 17 banding patterns which formed four distinct clusters at the 82% similarity level. Intercluster band differences ranged from 14 to 31 bands. The strains in one cluster, which contained seven patterns that differed from each other by one to seven bands and from the common pattern by five bands, were confirmed to be a single strain by four of the five other typing methods. The strains in a second cluster with eight patterns, which differed from each other by 1 to 12 bands, contained two subclusters. This subdivision was supported by ribotyping and biotyping. However, it was unclear whether these subclusters represented distinct strains. In one strain, marked polymorphism (patterns that differed from each other by up to four bands) was observed in the ribotype pattern. This study demonstrates the high degree of DNA banding pattern polymorphism found for some strains of VREM and illustrates the complexity involved in defining such strains.

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Drouin, Régen, and Claude-Lise Richer. "High-resolution R-banding at the 1250-band level. II. Schematic representation and nomenclature of human RBG-banded chromosomes." Genome 32, no. 3 (1989): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-466.

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Detailed characterization of the RBG-banding pattern at the 1250-band level has been done after thymidine synchronization and block release with 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU), which induces chromosome elongation and improves definition of chromosomal bands. Optimal conditions for the incorporation of BrdU and the use of the FPG (fluorochrome–photolysis–Giemsa) technique produced excellent band separation and band contrast even in highly elongated prophase chromosomes. Moreover, we did not observe lateral asymmetry in C-banded regions. The schematic representation of these elongated chromosomes in the 1250-band range per haploid set was prepared showing the relative position, the specific size, and the characteristic staining intensity for each band. To this idiogram was extended the International Standard Cytogenetic Nomenclature. This realistic idiogram should help in the preparation of R-banded prophase karyotypes and in the identification and localization of chromosomal rearrangements. Because differences exist between RBG and RHG bands, a brief comparative description of each RBG-banded chromosome is included. Moreover, a minute analysis of the banding pattern revealed that various parts of chromosomes contract differently. We also observed the presence of R-positive bands in heterochromatic regions of the short arms of the acrocentrics, and of chromosomes 1, 9, 16, and Y.Key words: high-resolution chromosome banding, R-banding, idiogram, dynamic bandings, prophase chromosomes, chromosome banding by BrdU incorporation.

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Stone, Diana M., Peter B. Jacky, and David J. Prieur. "The Giemsa banding pattern of canine chromosomes, using a cell synchronization technique." Genome 34, no. 3 (1991): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-062.

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Cytogenetic investigations of the domestic dog, Canis familiaris, were performed on one Doberman pinscher and two Boxer dogs. Conventional homogeneously stained and G-banded metaphases from peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures synchronized with amethopterin and bromodeoxyuridine were studied. These procedures permitted the unequivocal identification of all canine chromosomes. A canine chromosome idiogram was constructed on the basis of the G-banding pattern at the haploid 327-band resolution level. The secondary constrictions and tapering of the telomeric regions characteristic of several canine chromosomes are described. Q-, C-, and NOR-banding were also performed and the salient features are described. This karyotype should enhance the value of the canine species in cytogenetic investigations.Key words: canine karyotype, G-banding, Q-banding, C-banding, NOR-banding, cell synchronization idiogram.

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Stößer, T., T. Günther, and C. U. Hesemann. "Banding of rye (Secale cereale) chromosomes using the restriction enzymes AluI, DraI, HpaII, and MspI." Genome 36, no. 5 (1993): 998–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g93-131.

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Mitotic metaphase chromosomes of the rye inbred line L 301, which belongs to the Sortiment of the University of Hohenheim, were treated in situ with the restriction enzymes AluI (recognition sequence: 5′-AC/GT-3′), DraI (recognition sequence: 5′-TTT/AAA-3′), and the isoschizomeres HpaII and MspI (recognition sequence: 5′-C/CGG-3′) and stained with Giemsa. The chromosomes indicated similar banding patterns in comparison with the conventional Giemsa-C-banding. However, we have found in rye chromosomes after restrictase treatment that the telomeric bands were reduced in extension. In a lower degree the centromeric bands of individual chromosomes could be absent in dependence of the used restriction enzymes. The number of the intercalary bands were also reduced. Nevertheless, the tested restriction enzymes produced characteristic banding patterns of the rye genome. This uncomplicated banding technique is suited for a very quick banding method of karyotype analysis especially to obtain a first survey of the band patterns on the rye chromosomes.Key words: Secale cereale L., chromosome band pattern, in situ digestion, restriction endonuclease, restriction banding.

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Palma Rojas, C., P. Jara Seguel, M. García, E. von Brand, and C. Araya Jaime. "KARYOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE CHILEAN RHATANY Krameria cistoidea HOOK. & ARN. (KRAMERIACEAE)." Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 30, no. 2 (2019): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35407/bag.2019.xxx.02.02.

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The karyotype of the plant species Krameria cistoidea Hook. & Arn. was studied by assessing chromosome characters such as morphology, size, and C-banding pattern. The karyotype of K. cistoidea was composed only by metacentric chromosomes in the two populations studied. The haploid set length was 51.9±2.3 µm and the mean chromosome size was 8.68±0.78 µm. Some similarities in chromosome morphology and size can be observed among K. cistoidea and K. triandra, in addition to the chromosome number 2n=12 which is conserved within the genus. K. cistoidea exhibited a symmetric banding pattern with large C-bands in the telomeres of the short and long arms of all chromosomes, except the short arm of pair 1. The relative length of the C-bands was 23.5% of the total haploid set length. These cytological results on K. cistoidea are the first data on quantitative karyotype morphology and C-banding patterns in the genus Krameria. Key words: Krameria, karyotype, C-banding

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Kohsaka, Yoshiko, Takeshi Seto, Leo J. Borkin, and Masafumi Matsui. "Bearing of Chromosome C-banding patterns on the Classification of Eurasian Toads of the Bufo bufo Complex." Amphibia-Reptilia 6, no. 1 (1985): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853885x00155.

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AbstractDistribution of NORs and C-spots in the karyotypes was compared among six forms of the Bufo bufo complex, i.e. B. j. japonicus, B. j. formosus, B. torrenticola and B. gargarizans miyakonis from Japan, and B. b. bufo and B. b. verrucosissimus from USSR. All forms invariably possessed NORs on 6q. All the 11 pairs of homologous chromosomes had constitutive heterochromatin on the centromere region in every form of toad examined. Further, each form had pericentric heterochromatin on 1p and telomeric one on 6q. Pairs 8 and 9 lacked C-bands except the centromeric spot in every form. Other chromosomes revealed unique C-spots specific to each form, and each form could be characterized from others by the banding pattern. Comparisons of the C-banding patterns of the three forms obtained with those of the published data revealed several discrepancies, but most of them were attributed to the unlike standard in recognizing spots by the different authors. Although the C-banding pattern is suggested to have some taxonomic value, systematic relationships among the six forms cannot be directly estimated by the analyses of banding patterns.

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IKEMURA, Toshimichi, and Shin-ichi AOTA. "Codon usage pattern of vertebrates genes and chromosome banding pattern." Seibutsu Butsuri 27, no. 4 (1987): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.27.135.

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Fominaya, A., C. Vega, and E. Ferrer. "C-banding and nucleolar activity of tetraploid Avena species." Genome 30, no. 5 (1988): 633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g88-107.

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The Giemsa C-banding pattern of the chromosomes of five tetraploid species of Avena have been studied. The chromosomes of AABB species (A. barbata, A. vaviloviana, and A. abyssinica) had similar C-banding patterns to those of A genome species. AACC species (A. maroccana and A. murphyi) possessed two sets of seven chromosome pairs with C-banding patterns similar to those observed in the diploid A and C genome species. However, no good correspondence between either of these two chromosome groups and any one diploid species has been found. When the nucleolar organizer activity of the species was analysed by silver staining, fewer nucleoli and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were observed than expected, assuming complete additivity of those from the donor diploid species.Key words: C-banding, NOR, Avena, heterochromatin.

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Garrabou, G. "Estudios citogenéticos en la pñoblación de nutria euroasiática (Lutra lutra) reintroducida emn el Parq Natural dels Aiguamolls de L'Empordà y comparación cariotípica con otros mustélidos." Galemys, Spanish Journal of Mammalogy 15, NE (2003): 115–24. https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2003.ne.a11.

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The Eurasian Otter Project has reintroduced 41 specimens of Lutra lutra in the “Parc Natural dels Aiguamolls de l’Empordà” (Girona, Spain), from different Iberian populations: Asturias (5), Extremadura (25), Portugal (10) and Pirineo de Lleida (1). This paper shows the results of: a) the cytogenetic analysis of 16 of these reintroduced animals, b) a qualitative study of the heterochromatin, and c) the karyotype comparison of this species with other Mustelidae species. No numerical or structural chromosomal anomalies and no G-band pattern differences among specimens or populations studied have been detected in the reintroduced animals. Heterochromatin polymorphisms have been found in C-banding patterns. These polymorphisms are not related to the animal geographic origin. Eurasian otter presents heterochromatin in the centromere in all chromosome pairs, at the terminal p arms in pairs 6, 8, 9 and 10 and in the p arms of the acrocentric chromosomes 11, 13 and 14. Heterochromatin behaviour after restriction enzimes digestion and fluorochromes staining is uniform in all the chromosomes of the distinct animals and populations analysed, being: AluI sensitive, EcoRI and RsaI resistant, DA/DAPI negative and Quinacrine positive (with a banding pattern similar to G-banding). Lutra lutra karyotypic comparison with other Mustelidae species (Eira barbara, Galicitis vittata, Melogale sp., Mellivora capensis and Lontra longicaudis longicaudis) shows high homology in chromosome number and G-banding patterns, some differences are observed in the C-banding patterns.

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D'Amato, Giovanni. "Speckled Fluorescent Banding Pattern in Scorzonera (Asteraceae)." Hereditas 132, no. 3 (2004): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.2000.00265.x.

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Mitelman, Felix, and Lars Brandt. "Chromosome Banding Pattern in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia." Scandinavian Journal of Haematology 13, no. 5 (2009): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1974.tb00278.x.

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MITELMAN, F., J. MARK, P. G. NILSSON, H. DENCKER, C. NORRYD, and K. G. TRANBERG. "Chromosome banding pattern in human colonic polyps." Hereditas 78, no. 1 (2009): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1974.tb01428.x.

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Linde-Laursen, Ib, Roland von Bothmer, and Niels Jacobsen. "Giemsa C-banded karyotypes of Hordeum marinum and H. murinum." Genome 32, no. 4 (1989): 629–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g89-491.

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Giemsa C-banding patterns of the predominantly self-pollinating, annual species Hordeum marinum (2x, 4x) and H. murinum (2x, 4x, 6x) showed mostly very small to small bands at centromeric and telomeric positions, at one or both sides of the nucleolar constrictions, and at intercalary positions with no preferential disposition. A similar distribution of bands has been observed in other Hordeum species, suggesting that the pattern is the basic one in the genus Hordeum. Hordeum murinum, especially the hexaploid cytotype, was distinguished from H. marinum by having more numerous and more conspicuous bands, resulting in a significantly higher percentage of constitutive heterochromatin (9–17 vs. 4–8%). The differences in C-banding patterns supported by differences in chromosome morphology confirm that H. marinum and H. murinum are not closely related. Banding-pattern polymorphism was prevalent among populations but unobserved within populations. In spite of this polymorphism, banding patterns in combination with chromosome morphology identified homologous chromosomes of different populations of a taxon and indicated that the chromosome complements of the polyploids of both species comprised the genome of the related diploid as well as one or two "unidentified" genomes. This agrees with an alloploid origin of polyploids. The C-banding patterns of H. marinum ssp. marinum and H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum (2x) showed some divergence in spite of the close relationship. The C-banded karyotypes of H. murinum ssp. murinum and H. murinum ssp. leporinum (4x) were very similar, supporting conspecificity. Chromosome lengths and longest/shortest chromosome ratios were fairly similar to those previously published, supporting the conclusion that linear relationships of chromosomes are normally stable within genomes. The taxonomy of the two species is discussed.Key words: C-banding, karyotypes, Hordeum.

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Wei, Jun-Zhi, William F. Campbell, and Richard R. C. Wang. "Standard Giemsa C-banded karyotype of Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) and its use in identification of a deletion–translocation heterozygote." Genome 38, no. 6 (1995): 1262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-166.

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Ten accessions of Russian wildrye, Psathyrostachys juncea (Fisch.) Nevski (2n = 2x = 14; NsNs), collected from different geographical regions were analyzed using the C-banding technique. C-banding pattern polymorphisms were observed at all levels, i.e., within homologous chromosome pairs of the same plant, among different individuals within accessions, between different accessions of the same geographic area, and among accessions of different origins. The seven homologous groups varied in the level of C-banding pattern polymorphism; chromosomes A, B, E, and F were more variable than chromosomes C, D, and G. The polymorphisms did not hamper chromosome identification in Ps. juncea, because each chromosome pair of the Ns genome had a different basic C-banding pattern and karyotypic character. A standard C-banded karyotype of Ps. juncea is proposed based on the overall karyotypes and C-bands in the 10 accessions. The C-bands on the Ns-genome chromosomes were designated according to the rules of nomenclature used in wheat. A deletion–translocation heterozygote of Russian wildrye was identified based on the karyotype and C-banding patterns established. The chromosome F pair consisted of a chromosome having the distal segment in the long arm deleted and a translocated chromosome having the distal segment of long arm replaced by the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome E. The chromosome E pair had a normal chromosome E and a translocated chromosome having the short arm and the proximal segment of the long arm of chromosome E and the distal segment of the long arm of chromosome F.Key words: Psathyrostachys juncea, karyotype, Giemsa C-banding, polymorphism, B chromosome.

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Manicardi, G. C., D. Bizzaro, P. Azzoni, and U. Bianchi. "Cytological and electrophoretic analysis of DNA methylation in the holocentric chromosomes of Megoura viciae (Homoptera, Aphididae)." Genome 37, no. 4 (1994): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g94-089.

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Chromosomal and purified DNA methylation patterns were determined in the holocentric chromosomes of Megoura viciae by treatment with MspI and HpaII. Both enzymes produced a clear C-like banding pattern but widely digested one telomere of the X chromosome, which appeared as heterochromatic after C-banding treatment and brightly fluorescent after chromomycin A3 staining. Quantitative microfluorometric evaluations of DNA extraction performed on cytological preparations showed that both isoschizomers resulted in the same DNA extraction (about 30%). Contrary to what was found by in situ endonuclease treatment, the electrophoretic patterns of purified and digested DNA showed that digestion with MspI was slightly more extensive than that with HpaII in a zone of fragments ranging from 23 to 9 kb. This result indicates that aphid chromatin is not wholly unmethylated. The discrepancy between electrophoretic and cytological data has been explained by taking into consideration that DNA fragments with high molecular weights could be cleaved in situ by the enzymes but not extracted from the chromatin.Key words: aphids, DNA methylation, holocentric chromosomes, heterochromatin, restriction enzyme bandings.

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Jordens, J. Z., and T. H. Pennington. "Characterization ofNeisseria meningitidisisolates by ribosomal RNA gene restriction patterns and restriction endonuclease digestion of chromosomal DNA." Epidemiology and Infection 107, no. 2 (1991): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800048901.

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SUMMARYThe use of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene restriction patterns to study the molecular epidemiology ofNeisseria meningitidiswas investigated. Ninety-four isolates ofNeisseria meningitidiswere characterized by their rRNA gene restriction patterns with 16 + 23 S rRNA fromEscherichia colias a probe. Thirteen rRNA gene restriction patterns were recognized; each of these patterns represented between 1 and 30 isolates. Isolates with the outbreak-associated phenotype B15P1.16 (sulphonamide resistant) all gave a single rRNA gene restriction pattern but this pattern also contained isolates with other phenotypes. Further discrimination between isolates was achieved by comparison of banding patterns resulting from restriction endonuclease digestion of chromosomal DNA withBglII. This gave a banding pattern consisting of about ten bands which was simple to interpret. Using this technique 94 isolates were classified in 54 patterns containing between 1 and 14 isolates. Restriction endonuclease analysis withBglII characterized outbreak-associated isolates with the phenotype B15P1.16 and enabled strains not typable by conventional methods to be identified as probable outbreak-associated isolates. The techniques should prove useful for epidemiological studies.

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Jha, Timir Baran, Mihir Halder, and Biplab Kumar Bhowmick. "Giemsa-based chromosome staining and comparative fluorescent banding pattern in five valuable Indian plant species." Caryologia 77, no. 3 (2025): 37–45. https://doi.org/10.36253/caryologia-3007.

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This study presents repeatable enzymatic maceration and air drying (EMA)-based chromosome preparation methods in five valuable Indian plant species namely Allium cepa, Allium sativum, Nigella sativa, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Aloe vera. Comparative fluorescent banding studies with two DNA base-specific fluorescent dyes have precisely unraveled the number, position, and patterns of secondary constriction of each species. Additionally, it has highlighted the fluorescent banding pattern of repetitive DNA sequences notably on two important constitutive heterochromatic sites like secondary and primary constrictions. The study has established that EMA-based fluorescent banding can provide valuable complementary information for modern genomics. The results are expected to enrich our knowledge of chromosome biology and crop genomics and inspire future academic and research endeavours.

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Lacks, G. D., and H. T. Stalker. "Isozyme Analyses of Arachis Species and Interspecific Hybrids1." Peanut Science 20, no. 2 (1993): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-20-2-3.

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Abstract To better estimate diversity within the cultivated peanut, germplasm representing 33 South American peanut accessions from six countries was evaluated for isozyme polymorphisms. Only three of 18 isozymes—glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) — were consistently variant, each displaying two banding patterns. The variant banding patterns were observed in 18, 9, and 9% of the genotypes for GOT, IDH, and PHI, respectively. Isozyme variation in A. hypogaea could not be associated with subspecies or botanical variety. Thirty interspecific hybrids and their parents were also evaluated for isozyme polymorphisms. Flower tissues showed variations for the following isozymes: alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), arginine aminopeptidase (AMP), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and phosphohexose isomerase (PHI). A specific PHI band pattern was observed in all three hybrid lines with early leafspot resistance, as well as three of the four lines associated with high yield. For seed tissue, the absence of a fast-moving leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) band was associated with three of the four high-yielding lines. A comparison of flower and seed isozyme banding patterns revealed that the banding pattern was different for GOT, IDH, LAP, MDH, and PHI. IDH and MDH were variant in seeds but not flowers, and GOT was more polymorphic in flowers than seeds. The investigation indicates that isozymes may serve as molecular markers for interspecific hybrid identification and gene introgression to the A. hypogaea genome, and possibly for identifying lines with useful resistances.

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de Carvalho, Carlos Roberto, and Luiz Sérgio Saraiva. "A new heterochromatin banding pattern revealed by modified HKG banding technique in maize chromosomes." Heredity 70, no. 5 (1993): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.1993.74.

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Vitturi, R., and E. Catalano. "Spermatocyte chromosome banding studies inBuccinulum corneum (Prosobranchia: Neogastropoda): Variation in silver-NOR banding pattern." Marine Biology 104, no. 2 (1990): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01313267.

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Zacharopoulou, A., K. Bourtzis, and Ph Kerremans. "A comparison of polytene chromosomes in salivary glands and orbital bristle trichogen cells in Ceratitis capitata." Genome 34, no. 2 (1991): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-034.

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The banding patterns of polytene chromosomes in different tissues of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, vary to such an extent that homologous chromosomes cannot be recognised. However, analyses of autosomal breakpoints in several translocation strains allowed chromosomes from the two tissues to be aligned despite their difference in banding pattern. These results were discussed, considering the different hypotheses of the origin and biological significance of polytene chromosome bands.Key words: polytene chromosomes, salivary gland chromosomes, orbital bristle trichogen cell chromosomes, Ceratitis capitata.

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Zhang, Liaoruilin, Jianguo Xiang, Juan Li, et al. "Karyotype analysis of Quasipaa spinosa David, 1875 (Anura, Dicroglossidae) with conventional cytogenetic techniques." Comparative Cytogenetics 18 (June 21, 2024): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.18.116806.

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The current study analyzed the chromosomal karyotype of Quasipaa spinosa David, 1875 from Hunan Province, China. The karyotype, C-banding, BrdU-banding pattern were characterized using direct preparation of bone-marrow cells and hemocyte cultures. The findings indicated that Q. spinosa was a diploid species (2n = 26) that lacked heteromorphic chromosomes and secondary constrictions. C-banding analysis revealed an abundance of positive signals in the centromere regions, while the BrdU-banding pattern showed three phases in both male and female, occurring consistently and in chronological sequence during S-phase. Notably, there was no asynchronous replication in the late phase. This study enhanced our understanding of the karyotypic structure of Q. spinosa by conventional cytogenetic techniques, thus providing essential scientific insights into the cytogenetics of Q. spinosa.

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Garcia, Sònia, Teresa Garnatje, Jaume Pellicer, E. Durant McArthur, Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev, and Joan Vallès. "Ribosomal DNA, heterochromatin, and correlation with genome size in diploid and polyploid North American endemic sagebrushes (Artemisia, Asteraceae)." Genome 52, no. 12 (2009): 1012–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g09-077.

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Subgenus Tridentatae ( Artemisia , Asteraceae) can be considered a polyploid complex. Both polyploidy and hybridization have been documented in the Tridentatae. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and fluorochrome banding were used to detect and analyze ribosomal DNA changes linked to polyploidization in this group by studying four diploid-polyploid species pairs. In addition, genome sizes and heterochromatin patterns were compared between these populations. The linked 5S and 35S rRNA genes are confirmed as characteristic for Artemisia, and a pattern at the diploid level of three rDNA loci located at telomeric positions proved to be typical. Loss of rDNA loci was observed in some polyploids, whereas others showed additivity with respect to their diploid relatives. Genome downsizing was observed in all polyploids. Banding patterns differed depending on the pair of species analysed, but some polyploid populations showed an increased number of heterochromatic bands. FISH and fluorochrome banding were useful in determining the systematic position of Artemisia bigelovii , for which a differential pattern was found as compared with the rest of the group. Additionally, FISH was used to detect the presence of the Arabidopsis-type telomere repeat for the first time in Artemisia.

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Panjarian, Shoghag, and Rabih Sultan. "Crystal Selection and Liesegang Banding in Dynamic Precipitate Systems." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 66, no. 4 (2001): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20010541.

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We report on some phenomenological properties of precipitate patterns grown in gels. The experiments span a variety of salt systems, and yield patterns ranging from Liesegang bands to exotic crystals and to a combination of both depending on the initial conditions. The obtained crystals encompass spots, crystallites and notably dendrites of fractal nature. The particle number and size observed in discrete spotted bands of a cobalt oxinate Liesegang pattern provide a direct verification of Ostwald ripening.

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IMAI, Hirotami T. "A theoretical approach to chromosome banding pattern analysis." Genes & Genetic Systems 68, no. 2 (1993): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1266/ggs.68.97.

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IMAI, Hirotami T. "A theoretical approach to chromosome banding pattern analysis." Japanese Journal of Genetics 68, no. 2 (1993): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1266/jjg.68.97.

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Roininen, Janne, Eero Nissilä, Matti Puolimatka, and Seppo Pulli. "Identification of barley cultivars using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis." Agricultural and Food Science 1, no. 1 (1992): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72430.

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Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was applied to cultivar identification. Three different extractions methods were used to extract and fractionate the seed storage protein subunits from crushed single seeds of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Fifty-four genotypes including breeding lines and released cultivars were analysed and grouped according to the variation found in their protein banding patterns. In the first extraction, eight genotypes showed unique hordein subunit composition whilst remainder fell into 11 groups of 2 to 8. The other two extractions were carried out to characterize those genotypes producing identical banding patterns when using the first method. Relative mobility (REM) values for hordein bands were determined. Genetic background was found to strongly effect the determination of hordein composition of barley genotypes. Those genotypes with largely common ancestry showed often similar hordein composition and were difficult to identify whereas genotypes possessing unique hordein banding patterns had clearly exceptional pedigree. The effect of the row-type on hordein banding pattern was not clear as both two-row and many-row barleys were found to produce identical patterns. Intra-cultivar hordein polymorfism was found in three cultivars.

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Dixon, Brent R., and Hisao P. Arai. "Isoelectric focusing of soluble proteins in the characterization of three species of Hymenolepis (Cestoda)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 7 (1985): 1720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-257.

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A technique involving protein separation was used as an alternative to a morphological approach in the differentiation of the tapeworms Hymenolepis diminuta, H. citelli, and H. microstoma. Isoelectric focusing of soluble proteins was performed on Polyacrylamide gels using extracts from whole, adult worms. Each species of Hymenolepis was found to have a unique protein banding pattern, although some bands appeared to be common to two or all three species. Very little difference was found in the protein banding patterns of worms of a given species, whether they were from a single host individual or two different host individuals of the same species. There was also little difference between gels in the banding patterns of a given species. This technique of soluble protein isoelectric focusing is simple and reproducible, has very good resolution, and seems well suited to taxonomic studies involving tapeworms.

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The current study analyzed the chromosomal karyotype of Quasipaa spinosa David, 1875 from Hunan Province, China. The karyotype, C-banding, BrdU-banding pattern were characterized using direct preparation of bone-marrow cells and hemocyte cultures. The findings indicated that Q. spinosa was a diploid species (2n = 26) that lacked heteromorphic chromosomes and secondary constrictions. C-banding analysis revealed an abundance of positive signals in the centromere regions, while the BrdU-banding pattern showed three phases in both male and female, occurring consistently and in chronological sequence during S-phase. Notably, there was no asynchronous replication in the late phase. This study enhanced our understanding of the karyotypic structure of Q. spinosa by conventional cytogenetic techniques, thus providing essential scientific insights into the cytogenetics of Q. spinosa.

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Lari, Nicoletta, Michela Cavallini, Laura Rindi, Elisabetta Iona, Lanfranco Fattorini, and Carlo Garzelli. "Typing of Human Mycobacterium aviumIsolates in Italy by IS1245-Based Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36, no. 12 (1998): 3694–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.36.12.3694-3697.1998.

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All but 2 of 63 Mycobacterium avium isolates from distinct geographic areas of Italy exhibited markedly polymorphic, multibanded IS1245 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns; 2 isolates showed the low-number banding pattern typical of bird isolates. By computer analysis, 41 distinct IS1245 patterns and 10 clusters of essentially identical strains were detected; 40% of the 63 isolates showed genetic relatedness, suggesting the existence of a predominant AIDS-associated IS1245 RFLP pattern.

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Muravenko, Olga V., Alexander R. Fedotov, Elizabeth O. Punina, Ludmila I. Fedorova, Valerii G. Grif, and Alexander V. Zelenin. "Comparison of chromosome BrdU-Hoechst-Giemsa banding patterns of the A1 and (AD)2 genomes of cotton." Genome 41, no. 4 (1998): 616–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g98-049.

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The karyotypes of diploid cotton, Gossypium herbaceum L. var. africanum (Watt) Mauer, and tetraploid cotton, Gossypium barbadense L., were studied by BrdU-Hoechst-Giemsa banding, using a specially developed image-analysis system. The patterns obtained are represented by the slightly and intensively stained bands that correspond, respectively, to the early replicating DNA and the DNA replicating in the mid and late S period. The number of main Giemsa-positive bands varies from 2 to 9 per chromosome. The banding patterns of all homologous pairs are specific in both the A1 and (AD)2 genomes. This made possible the complete classification of the chromosomes. Based on the similarity of the BrdU-Hoechst-Giemsa banding patterns and the sizes of the chromosomes in the A1 and (AD)2 genomes, we divided the (AD)2 genome into Ab and Db subgenomes and classified their chromosomes according to the A1 genome chromosome classification. The BrdU-Hoechst-Giemsa banding pattern of the Db subgenome is basically similar to that of the A1 genome and Ab subgenome, but the differences between it and the banding patterns of the A1 genome and Ab subgenome are more significant than the differences between the latter two genomes. The similarity of the intragenomic banding patterns between nonhomologous chromosomes a and b, c and g, d and e, f and j, h and i, and l and m was revealed. Based on our results, we suggest that the ancestral cotton genome contained 7 homologous pairs of chromosomes. The results prove the feasibility of image-analysis techniques for identification and quantitative analysis of chromosomes, especially with regard to small-chromosome species.Key words: cotton, A1 and (AD)2 genomes, chromosome identification, BrdU-Hoechst-Giemsa banding, image analysis.

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Zeller, Friedrich J., Mari-Carmen Cermeño, and Bernd Friebe. "Cytological identification of telotrisomic and double ditelosomic lines in Secale cereale cv. Heines Hellkorn by means of Giemsa C-banding patterns and crosses with wheat–rye addition lines." Genome 29, no. 1 (1987): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g87-009.

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Seven telotrisomic lines (1RS, 1RL, 2RS, 2RL, 3RS acro, 5RS, and 6RS), two double monotelosomic, and two double ditelosomic lines of Secale cereale cv. Heines Hellkorn were analyzed by means of Giemsa C-banding techniques. In crosses with several wheat–rye chromosome addition lines, the telosomic chromosomes in double ditelosomic lines 1/23 and 3/23 were found to be homologous to chromosomes 1R and 2RL of cv. Imperial rye. The C-banding pattern observed for the telosomes in these lines was similar to that detected in the 1R and 2R telosomics of the corresponding telotrisomic lines. Key words: Secale cereale, telotrisomics, double ditelosomics, C-banding pattern.

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Weaver, LaShawn A., Ronald C. Lundstrom, and A. Ann Colbert. "Identification of Shark Species by Polyacrylamide Gel Isoelectric Focusing of Sarcoplasmic Proteins." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 82, no. 5 (1999): 1163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/82.5.1163.

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Abstract Isoelectric focusing of muscle proteins is a fast and highly reproducible technique that has been used to identify fish species. Application of isoelectric focusing of sarcoplasmic proteins is described for identification of shark species. Sarcoplasmic protein patterns from muscle tissue of single individuals from 26 shark species and multiple individuals from 2 of the 26 shark species are shown on 1 mm thick polyacrylamide gels. Eight of these species showed pattern polymorphisms in major and minor bands; however, no individual within a species displayed the same protein pattern as that in any other species. Protein banding patterns of each species were visually distinguishable, and patterns generated on the basis of defined parameters were analyzed by a computer to obtain isoelectric points of bands, to produce schematic representations of banding patterns, and to distinguish between species-specific patterns. Isoelectric focusing appears to be an excellent method for identifying sharks. Additionally, isoelectric focusing of muscle proteins is readily applicable as a forensic tool to identify the species of shark samples received as evidence for law enforcement actions supporting shark fishery management plans.

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Lone, Ajaz, and Salil Tewari. "Protein banding profile study in Populus deltoides Bartr. Clones." Indian Journal of Forestry 29, no. 4 (2006): 453–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2006-547q20.

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Protein banding profile is widely used for characterizing the Poplar clones. Leaf protein profiling on ten prominent clones revealed the distinct banding pattern in each clone. All ten clones were grouped into four clusters with varied intensity of bands.

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Gu, Jian Sheng, Hui Feng Bo, Hong Li, and Zhan Xin Zhang. "Characterization of Shear Bands in Zr_64.13Cu_15.75Ni_10.12Al₁₀and Zr₆₅Cu₁₅Ni₁₀Al₁₀BMGs." Advanced Materials Research 703 (June 2013): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.703.24.

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Shear banding characterization of Zr64.13Cu15.75Ni10.12Al10and Zr65Cu15Ni10Al10BMGs was studied by using Rockwell indention method. Well-developed shear band pattern can be found for both BMGs after indentation. The significant difference in plastic deformation ability can be ascribed to different shear banding features.

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BheemRao. T., Ganesh. K., and Sanjeevaiah.A. "Esterase Inhibition Study in Different Tissues (Intestine, Muscle and Brain) of Fresh Water Cat Fish Heteropneustesfossilis through Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis." UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY 45, no. 5 (2024): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/upjoz/2024/v45i53937.

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Esterase polymorphism was studied in different tissues of stinging catfish (Heteropneustesfossilis) viz; intestine, muscle and brain. Intestine showed ER esterases(Esterases resistant to inhibitors) and CE esterases (Carboxylesterases), muscle showed ChE (Cholinesterases) and CHspesterases (Enzymes which were inhibited by Paraoxon, Eserine, and pCMB) and brain showed ChE(Cholinesterases) and Esdp(Esterases inhibited by Eserine alone) esterases. The present study was carried out to find out tissue specific esterase banding patterns in different tissues of H.fossilis. Electrophoretic banding patterns of esterase of different tissues showed species specific variation which could be successfully used for identification of fish species. Electrophoretic pattern of esterases of different tissues show species specific variation, it could be successfully used for the identification of fish species

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Nishibayasahi, Soryu. "Banding in mitotic chromosomes of Brassica campestris var. pekinensis with a trypsin–Giemsa method." Genome 35, no. 5 (1992): 899–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g92-138.

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In Brassica campestris var. pekinensis cv. CR-strong, the karyotype comprised 12 median, 6 submedian, and 2 sub-terminal chromosomes. Secondary constrictions were observed in the two subterminal chromosomes. Banding pattern appeared very clearly in metaphase chromosomes with a trypsin–Giemsa method. It was possible to classify the chromosomes into 10 types (C1–C10), based on the chromosome size, shape, and banding pattern.Key words: Brassica campestris var. pekinensis, mitotic chromosomes, G-banding.

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Vanzela, André L. L., and Marcelo Guerra. "Heterochromatin differentiation in holocentric chromosomes of Rhynchospora (Cyperaceae)." Genetics and Molecular Biology 23, no. 2 (2000): 453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-47572000000200034.

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Holocentric chromosomes of six species of Rhynchospora, R. ciliata, R. pubera, R. riparia and R. barbata (2n = 10), R. nervosa (2n = 30) and R. globosa (2n = 36), were stained with CMA3/DAPI fluorochromes or treated with C-banding and sequentially stained with Giemsa or CMA3/DAPI. Variability in banding pattern was found among the species studied. Heterochromatin was observed on terminal and interstitial chromosome regions, indicating that the holocentric chromosomes of Rhynchospora show a heterochromatin distribution pattern similar to those plant monocentric chromosomes.

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Cabrera, A., B. Friebe, J. Jiang, and B. S. Gill. "Characterization of Hordeum chilense chromosomes by C-banding and in situ hybridization using highly repeated DNA probes." Genome 38, no. 3 (1995): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g95-057.

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C-banding patterns of Hordeum chilense and of Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' – H. chilense disomic addition lines were analyzed and compared with in situ hybridization patterns using a biotin-labeled highly repetitive Triticum tauschii DNA sequence, pAs1, and a wheat 18S–26S rDNA probe. All seven H. chilense chromosomes pairs and the added H. chilense chromosomes present in the addition lines were identified by their characteristic C-banding pattern. Chromosome morphology and banding patterns were similar to those of the corresponding chromosomes present in the parent H. chilense accession. A C-banded karyotype of the added H. chilense chromosomes was constructed and chromosome lengths, arm ratios, and relative length, as compared with chromosome 3B, were determined. The probe pAs1 was found to hybridize to specific areas on telomeres and interstitial sites along the chromosomes, allowing the identification of all seven pairs of the H. chilense chromosomes. Comparison of the patterns of distribution of the hybridization sites of clone pAs1 in the T. tauschii and H. chilense chromosomes was carried out by in situ hybridization on somatic metaphase chromosomes of the HchHchDD amphiploid. In situ hybridization using the 18S–26S rDNA probe confirmed that the H. chilense chromosomes 5Hch and 6Hch were carrying nucleolus organizer regions. The results are discussed on the basis of phylogenetic relationships between D and Hch genomes.Key words: Hordeum, Triticum, C-banding, in situ hybridization, phylogeny.

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HIDAYATI, NUR RAHMAH, SURANTO SURANTO, and SAJIDAN SAJIDAN. "Morphological characteristics and isozyme banding patterns of Cucurbita moschata at different altitudes." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 5 (2018): 1683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190513.

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Hidayati NR, Suranto, Sajidan. 2018. Morphological characteristics and isozyme banding patterns of Cucurbita moschata at different altitudes. Biodiversitas 19: 1683-1689. Aims of this research were to investigate the morphological character and isozyme banding patterns of Cucurbita moschata plants grown at three different altitudes. Samples in this study consisted of leaf, stem, and flowers. The morphological characters were conducted by direct observation in the field and analyzed descriptively as well as statically by one way ANOVA. The isozyme bands appearance of esterase and peroxidase of leaf samples were conducted using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Qualitative approach was used to analyze the presence and the absence of isozyme bands, while Retardation factor (Rf) was used to analyze quantitatively. The results showed that most plants grown at middle altitude (351-750 m asl.) were well-developed in terms of length of leaves, stems and flowers. Accordingly, the isozyme banding pattern of peroxidase was also found varied in plants grown at middle altitudes from which the presence of very unique bands was detected. Conversely, the band detected in plants grown at the lower and the highest altitudes was similar in term of band's number but it was different in the quality of the bands. Meanwhile, esterase isozyme banding pattern of plants grown at the lower and higher altitude had more bands than the middle altitude. Based on this result it is obvious that the isozyme data could be used to support in understanding the diversity morphological characters of plants grown in three different altitudes. This early result suggests that altitudes as a crucial factor in contributing the expression of isozyme appearance, which is useful for further pumpkin characterizations.

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HIDAYATI, NUR RAHMA, SURANTO ., SURANTO ., and SAJIDAN . "Morphological characteristics and isozyme banding patterns of Cucurbita moschata at different altitudes." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 5 (2018): 1683–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190527.

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Di Berardino, D., L. Lannuzzi, and M. B. Lioi. "The high-resolution RBA-banding pattern of bovine chromosomes." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 39, no. 2 (1985): 136–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000132122.

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Yerle, M., G. Echard, and M. Gillois. "The high-resolution GTG-banding pattern of rabbit chromosomes." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 45, no. 1 (1987): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000132416.

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Yerle, M., O. Galman, and G. Echard. "The high-resolution GTG-banding pattern of pig chromosomes." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 56, no. 1 (1991): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000133044.

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