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Journal articles on the topic 'Bandwidth matrix'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Bauder, Javan M., David R. Breininger, M. Rebecca Bolt, Michael L. Legare, Christopher L. Jenkins, and Kevin McGarigal. "The role of the bandwidth matrix in influencing kernel home range estimates for snakes using VHF telemetry data." Wildlife Research 42, no. 5 (2015): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14233.

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Context Despite the diversity of available home range estimators, no single method performs equally well in all circumstances. It is therefore important to understand how different estimators perform for data collected under diverse conditions. Kernel density estimation is a popular approach for home range estimation. While many studies have evaluated different kernel bandwidth selectors, few studies have compared different formulations of the bandwidth matrix using wildlife telemetry data. Additionally, few studies have compared the performance of kernel bandwidth selectors using VHF radio-te

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2

Horová, Ivana, Jan Koláček, and Kamila Vopatová. "Visualization and Bandwidth Matrix Choice." Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods 41, no. 4 (2012): 759–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610926.2010.529539.

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3

Lim, Andrew, Brian Rodrigues, and Fei Xiao. "Heuristics for matrix bandwidth reduction." European Journal of Operational Research 174, no. 1 (2006): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.02.066.

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4

Bora, Pritom J., T. R. Suresh Kumar, and Daniel Q. Tan. "Enhancement of microwave absorption bandwidth of MXene nanocomposites through macroscopic design." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 8 (2020): 200456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200456.

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MXene, the new family of two-dimensional materials having numerous nanoscale layers, is being considered as a novel microwave absorption material. However, MXene/functionalized MXene-loaded polymer nanocomposites exhibit narrow reflection loss (RL) bandwidth (RL less than or equal to −10 dB). In order to enhance the microwave absorption bandwidth of MXene hybrid-matrix materials, for the first time, macroscopic design approach is carried out for TiO 2 -Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene and Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 -Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene hybrids through simulation. The simulated results indicate that use of pyramidal met

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5

Hu, Xijian, Yaori Lu, Huiguo Zhang, Haijun Jiang, and Qingdong Shi. "Selection of the Bandwidth Matrix in Spatial Varying Coefficient Models to Detect Anisotropic Regression Relationships." Mathematics 9, no. 18 (2021): 2343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9182343.

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The commonly used Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) fitting method for a spatial varying coefficient model is to select a bandwidth h for the geographic location (u, v), and assign the same weight to the two dimensions. However, spatial data usually present anisotropy. The introduction of a two-dimensional bandwidth matrix not only gives weight from two dimensions separately, but also increases the direction of kernel smoothness. The adaptive bandwidth matrix is more flexible. Therefore, in this paper, a two dimensional bandwidth matrix is introduced into the spatial varying coefficient

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6

Esposito, A., M. S. Fiorenzo Catalano, F. Malucelli, and L. Tarricone. "A new matrix bandwidth reduction algorithm." Operations Research Letters 23, no. 3-5 (1998): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6377(98)00040-6.

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7

Koláček, Jan, and Ivana Horová. "Bandwidth matrix selectors for kernel regression." Computational Statistics 32, no. 3 (2017): 1027–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00180-017-0709-3.

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8

Campos, Vicente, Estefanía Piñana, and Rafael Martí. "Adaptive memory programming for matrix bandwidth minimization." Annals of Operations Research 183, no. 1 (2009): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10479-009-0573-9.

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9

Macarie, Ioan I. "Decreasing the bandwidth of a transition matrix." Information Processing Letters 53, no. 6 (1995): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-0190(94)00218-n.

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10

MacDonald, R. I. "Optoelectronic matrix switching." Canadian Journal of Physics 67, no. 4 (1989): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p89-069.

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Because cross talk from electromagnetic coupling increases with frequency, it is difficult to design matrix switches for high-frequency electronic signals. Signals on optical carriers are easier to isolate but more difficult to switch. A hybrid technique exploiting passive optical-signal distribution and switching by optoelectronic effects shows good promise for high isolation matrices to handle signals in the dc to 10 GHz range. The key elements for such optoelectronic switches are optical detectors that have switchable sensitivity.Initial efforts in optoelectronic switching used silicon diod

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11

Micheal, Omojola, and Emrah Kilic. "A class of symmetric and non-symmetric band matrices via binomial coefficients." Special Matrices 9, no. 1 (2021): 321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/spma-2020-0142.

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Abstract Symmetric matrix classes of bandwidth 2r + 1 was studied in 1972 through binomial coefficients. In this paper, non-symmetric matrix classes with the binomial coefficients are considered where r + s + 1 is the bandwidth, r is the lower bandwidth and s is the upper bandwidth. Main results for inverse, determinants and norm-infinity of inverse are presented. The binomial coefficients are used for the derivation of results.

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12

Qiu, Yumou, and Song Xi Chen. "Bandwidth Selection for High-Dimensional Covariance Matrix Estimation." Journal of the American Statistical Association 110, no. 511 (2015): 1160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2014.950375.

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13

Gonzaga de Oliveira, Sanderson L., and Libério M. Silva. "Low-cost heuristics for matrix bandwidth reduction combined with a Hill-Climbing strategy." RAIRO - Operations Research 55, no. 4 (2021): 2247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021102.

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This paper studies heuristics for the bandwidth reduction of large-scale matrices in serial computations. Bandwidth optimization is a demanding subject for a large number of scientific and engineering applications. A heuristic for bandwidth reduction labels the rows and columns of a given sparse matrix. The algorithm arranges entries with a nonzero coefficient as close to the main diagonal as possible. This paper modifies an ant colony hyper-heuristic approach to generate expert-level heuristics for bandwidth reduction combined with a Hill-Climbing strategy when applied to matrices arising fro

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14

Cuenca, Ángel, Ricardo Pizá, Julián Salt, and Antonio Sala. "Linear Matrix Inequalities in Multirate Control over Networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2012 (2012): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/768212.

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This paper faces two of the main drawbacks in networked control systems: bandwidth constraints and timevarying delays. The bandwidth limitations are solved by using multirate control techniques. The resultant multirate controller must ensure closed-loop stability in the presence of time-varying delays. Some stability conditions and a state feedback controller design are formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The theoretical proposal is validated in two different experimental environments: a crane-based test-bed over Ethernet, and a maglev based platform over Profibus.

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15

Piñana, Estefanı́a, Isaac Plana, Vicente Campos, and Rafael Martı́. "GRASP and path relinking for the matrix bandwidth minimization." European Journal of Operational Research 153, no. 1 (2004): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(02)00715-4.

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16

Mahdaviani, Kaveh, Soheil Mohajer, and Ashish Khisti. "Product Matrix MSR Codes With Bandwidth Adaptive Exact Repair." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 64, no. 4 (2018): 3121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2018.2796599.

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17

Reid, J. K., and J. A. Scott. "Reducing the Total Bandwidth of a Sparse Unsymmetric Matrix." SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications 28, no. 3 (2006): 805–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/050629938.

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18

Gonzaga de Oliveira, S. L., and L. M. Silva. "An ant colony hyperheuristic approach for matrix bandwidth reduction." Applied Soft Computing 94 (September 2020): 106434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106434.

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19

Horová, Ivana, Jan Koláček, and Kamila Vopatová. "Full bandwidth matrix selectors for gradient kernel density estimate." Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 57, no. 1 (2013): 364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csda.2012.07.006.

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20

Smyth, W. F. "Algorithms for the reduction of matrix bandwidth and profile." Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 12-13 (May 1985): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0427(85)90048-2.

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21

Nguyen Thi, Thuy, Ngoc Tran Minh, Tu Vu Minh, and Dung Pham Thi. "STUDY ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE INTERACTION OF ACTIVE-MATRIX THIN FILM TRANSISTORS." Journal of Science Natural Science 65, no. 10 (2020): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18173/2354-1059.2020-0044.

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Active-matrix thin film transistors (TFTs) on glass substrates with a metal backplane, that are applied for flat panel displays, can be considered as a metamaterial absorber. In this study, TFT structures using doped silicon at source, drain, and channel terminals are investigated. These terminals are unchanged in size of 75 µm square and thickness of 5.3 µm. The electric conductivity is varied at the channel. The simulation results show that the structures with 500 S\m electric conductivity channels absorb incident electromagnetic waves with appropriately 100% at 758 GHz and a wide bandwidth

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22

Martı́, Rafael, Manuel Laguna, Fred Glover, and Vicente Campos. "Reducing the bandwidth of a sparse matrix with tabu search." European Journal of Operational Research 135, no. 2 (2001): 450–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(00)00325-8.

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23

Megson, G. M., and D. J. Evans. "Matrix power generation using an optical reduced-bandwidth systolic array." IEE Proceedings J Optoelectronics 135, no. 6 (1988): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-j.1988.0075.

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24

Oudjida, A. K., S. Titr, and M. Hamarlain. "latency 2 I/O-bandwidth 2D-array matrix multiplication algorithm." COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering 21, no. 3 (2002): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03321640210423298.

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25

Chatchaikarn, A., Y. C. Chen, D. Yang, H. Gao, and G. P. Li. "HBT matrix amplifier with gain-cell enhancing gain and bandwidth." Electronics Letters 42, no. 1 (2006): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20063223.

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26

Martí, Rafael, Vicente Campos, and Estefanía Piñana. "A branch and bound algorithm for the matrix bandwidth minimization." European Journal of Operational Research 186, no. 2 (2008): 513–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.02.004.

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27

LIM, ANDREW, BRIAN RODRIGUES, and FEI XIAO. "A FAST ALGORITHM FOR BANDWIDTH MINIMIZATION." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 16, no. 03 (2007): 537–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213007003394.

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We propose a simple and direct node shifting method with hill climbing for the well-known matrix bandwidth minimization problem. Many heuristics have been developed for this NP-complete problem including the Cuthill-McKee (CM) and the Gibbs, Poole and Stockmeyer (GPS) algorithms. Recently, heuristics such as Simulated Annealing, Tabu Search and GRASP have been used, where Tabu Search and the GRASP with Path Relinking achieved significantly better solution quality than the CM and GPS algorithms. Experimentation shows that our method achieves the best solution quality when compared with these wh

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28

Zhai, Yu, Xiaoxing Fang, Kejia Ding, and Fei He. "Miniaturization Design for 8 × 8 Butler Matrix Based on Back-to-Back Bilayer Microstrip." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/583903.

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A low-cost, compact 8 × 8 Butler matrix based on a novel bilayer microstrip configuration is presented and implemented for 4.3 GHz telecommunication application. A back-to-back placed bilayer microstrip structure has been proposed to avoid using crossover. To expand operational bandwidth of the Butler matrix, a three-branch line directional coupler has been employed as 3 dB/90° bridge, and a kind of improved two-order Schiffman phase shifter has been adopted as fixed phase shifter. For application of indoor wireless communication, a compact broadband 8 × 8 Butler matrix has been designed and f

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29

Chagas, Guilherme Oliveira, and Sanderson L. Gonzaga de Oliveira. "Metaheuristic-based Heuristics for Symmetric-matrix Bandwidth Reduction: A Systematic Review." Procedia Computer Science 51 (2015): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.05.229.

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30

Tajalli, A. "Matrix phase detector for high bandwidth and low jitter frequency synthesis." Electronics Letters 53, no. 15 (2017): 1031–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2017.1747.

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31

Pop, Petrică, Oliviu Matei, and Călin-Adrian Comes. "Reducing the bandwidth of a sparse matrix with a genetic algorithm." Optimization 63, no. 12 (2013): 1851–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02331934.2013.830120.

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32

Luo, J. C. "Algorithms for reducing the bandwidth and profile of a sparse matrix." Computers & Structures 44, no. 3 (1992): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(92)90386-e.

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33

Yi, Xiao Su, Liang Zhang, and Ming Wang. "1394b Multi-Subnet Algorithm Based on the Theory of Queues." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 4109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.4109.

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The high-speed serial data bus, IEEE-1394b, is one of the most popular bus standards in avionics system, but it cannot achieve multiplexing transmission. To solve this problem, a multi-subnet partition algorithm based on the Theory of Queues (TQ) is implemented in this paper. By utilizing matrix to describe the system topology and transmission bandwidth between nodes, the algorithm can efficiently result in the minimum delay system topology. Simulation results show that the algorithm can successfully determine the topologies with minimum delay for different data transmission bandwidth matrix o

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34

Wang, Ying, and Zongzhong Tian. "Efficient Original-Destination Bandwidth: A Novel Model for Arterial Traffic Signal Coordination." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 53, no. 5 (2020): 609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.530503.

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This paper proposes an efficient origin-estimation bandwidth (OD band) model, which provides dedicated progression bands for arterial traffic based on the real-time dynamic matrix of their estimated OD pairs. The innovations of the OD band model are as follows: First, the dynamics of through and turning-in/out traffics are analyzed based on the matrix of their estimated OD pairs, and used to generate the traffic movement sequence at continuous intersections; Second, the end-time of green interval for lag-lag phase sequence at continuous intersections is determined according to the relevant con

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35

Dantzer, Jean-François, Mostafa Haddani, and Philippe Robert. "ON THE STABILITY OF A BANDWIDTH PACKING ALGORITHM." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 14, no. 1 (2000): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964800141063.

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The stability properties of the bandwidth allocation algorithm First Fit are analyzed for some distributions on the sizes of the requests. Fluid limits are used to get the ergodicity results. When there are two possible sizes, the description of the transient behavior involves a finite Markov chain on the exit states of a transient Markov chain on a countable state space. The explicit expression of this exit matrix is given.

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36

Wilhelm, Daniel. "OPTIMAL BANDWIDTH SELECTION FOR ROBUST GENERALIZED METHOD OF MOMENTS ESTIMATION." Econometric Theory 31, no. 5 (2014): 1054–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646661400067x.

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A two-step generalized method of moments estimation procedure can be made robust to heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation in the data by using a nonparametric estimator of the optimal weighting matrix. This paper addresses the issue of choosing the corresponding smoothing parameter (or bandwidth) so that the resulting point estimate is optimal in a certain sense. We derive an asymptotically optimal bandwidth that minimizes a higher-order approximation to the asymptotic mean-squared error of the estimator of interest. We show that the optimal bandwidth is of the same order as the one minimizin

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37

Kiefer, Nicholas M., and Timothy J. Vogelsang. "HETEROSKEDASTICITY-AUTOCORRELATION ROBUST TESTING USING BANDWIDTH EQUAL TO SAMPLE SIZE." Econometric Theory 18, no. 6 (2002): 1350–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646660218604x.

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Asymptotic theory for heteroskedasticity autocorrelation consistent (HAC) covariance matrix estimators requires the truncation lag, or bandwidth, to increase more slowly than the sample size. This paper considers an alternative approach covering the case with the asymptotic covariance matrix estimated by kernel methods with truncation lag equal to sample size. Although such estimators are inconsistent, valid tests (asymptotically pivotal) for regression parameters can be constructed. The limiting distributions explicitly capture the truncation lag and choice of kernel. A local asymptotic power

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38

Gajewski, R. Robert, and Piotr Lompies. "Object-oriented approach to the reduction of matrix bandwidth, profile and wavefront." Advances in Engineering Software 30, no. 9-11 (1999): 783–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-9978(98)00106-9.

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39

Duong, Tarn, and Martin L. Hazelton. "Convergence rates for unconstrained bandwidth matrix selectors in multivariate kernel density estimation." Journal of Multivariate Analysis 93, no. 2 (2005): 417–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2004.04.004.

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40

Sun, Song, Madhu Monga, Phillip H. Jones, and Joseph Zambreno. "An I/O Bandwidth-Sensitive Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication Engine on FPGAs." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 59, no. 1 (2012): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsi.2011.2161389.

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41

Gonzaga de Oliveira, Sanderson L., Júnior A. B. Bernardes, and Guilherme O. Chagas. "An evaluation of low-cost heuristics for matrix bandwidth and profile reductions." Computational and Applied Mathematics 37, no. 2 (2016): 1412–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40314-016-0394-9.

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42

Scott, Douglas G., and Ray P. S. Han. "Basis of an improved hybrid node renumbering algorithm for matrix bandwidth reduction." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 118, no. 3-4 (1994): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(94)90005-1.

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43

JI, Y., C. Y. WEN, and Z. G. LI. "IMPULSIVE SYNCHRONIZATION OF CHAOTIC SYSTEMS VIA LINEAR MATRIX INEQUALITIES." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 16, no. 01 (2006): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127406014757.

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Impulsive synchronization of chaotic systems is studied in this paper. By exploring the structural knowledge of the systems and using linear matrix inequalities, some less conservative conditions than existing results are derived. With the new conditions, the bound of intervals for transmitting impulses can be increased and this results in higher bandwidth efficiency. Our results are thus able to improve the efficiencies of the existing technologies on chaotic secure communications and chaotic spread communications.

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44

Liu, Zhao-hui, Rui Tao, Ping Luo, Xin Shu, and Guo-dong Ban. "Preparation and microwave absorbing property of carbon fiber/polyurethane radar absorbing coating." RSC Adv. 7, no. 73 (2017): 46060–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra07666e.

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To broaden the effective absorbing bandwidth, a multi-layer carbon fiber/polyurethane radar absorbing coating is prepared with carbon fiber as filler and polyurethane as matrix and the polyurethane coating as wave-transmitting layer.

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45

Yoon, Jungmo, and Antonio F. Galvao. "Cluster robust covariance matrix estimation in panel quantile regression with individual fixed effects." Quantitative Economics 11, no. 2 (2020): 579–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe802.

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This study develops cluster robust inference methods for panel quantile regression (QR) models with individual fixed effects, allowing for temporal correlation within each individual. The conventional QR standard errors can seriously underestimate the uncertainty of estimators and, therefore, overestimate the significance of effects, when outcomes are serially correlated. Thus, we propose a clustered covariance matrix (CCM) estimator to solve this problem. The CCM estimator is an extension of the heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent covariance matrix estimator for QR models with f

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46

Azad, Mohammad-Reza, Abolghasem Kamkar-Rouhani, Behzad Tokhmechi, and Mohammad Arashi. "Hierarchical simultaneous upscaling of porosity and permeability features using the bandwidth of kernel function and wavelet transformation in two dimensions: Application to the SPE-10 model." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 76 (2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2021006.

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In this paper, two methods of kernel bandwidth and wavelet transform are used for simultaneous upscaling of two features of hydrocarbon reservoir. In the bandwidth method, the criterion for upscaling is the cell variability, and by calculating the optimal bandwidth and determining the distance matrix, the upscaling process is performed in a completely non-uniform and unregularly manner. In areas with extreme variability, the bandwidth is considered small enough to maintain the fine scale characteristics of model. Conversely in homogenous areas, with the choice of large bandwidth, the maximum r

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47

Yin, Chao, Changsheng Xie, Jiguang Wan, Chih-Cheng Hung, Jinjiang Liu, and Yihua Lan. "BMCloud: Minimizing Repair Bandwidth and Maintenance Cost in Cloud Storage." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/756185.

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To protect data in cloud storage, fault tolerance and efficient recovery become very important. Recent studies have developed numerous solutions based on erasure code techniques to solve this problem using functional repairs. However, there are two limitations to address. The first one is consistency since the Encoding Matrix (EM) is different among clouds. The other one is repairing bandwidth, which is a concern for most of us. We addressed these two problems from both theoretical and practical perspectives. We developed BMCloud, a new low repair bandwidth, low maintenance cost cloud storage

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Hu, Jin-Xiu, Xiao-Wei Gao, Zhi-Chao Yuan, Jian Liu, and Shi-Zhang Huang. "SEBSM-Based Iterative Method for Solving Large Systems of Linear Equations and Its Applications in Engineering Computation." International Journal of Computational Methods 13, no. 05 (2016): 1650024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876216500249.

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In this paper, a new iterative method, for solving sparse nonsymmetrical systems of linear equations is proposed based on the Simultaneous Elimination and Back-Substitution Method (SEBSM), and the method is applied to solve systems resulted in engineering problems solved using Finite Element Method (FEM). First, SEBSM is introduced for solving general linear systems using the direct method. And, then an iterative method based on SEBSM is presented. In the method, the coefficient matrix [Formula: see text] is split into lower, diagonally banded and upper matrices. The iterative convergence can

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49

Barantsev, K. A., A. N. Litvinov, and E. N. Popov. "Transport of laser emission with broadband spectrum in optically dense atomic medium under the coherent population trapping." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 41 (January 2016): 1660137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451660137x.

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The paper presents a theory describing the formation of the coherent population trapping resonance for the finite laser bandwidth in an optically-dense medium of atoms inside a buffer gas cell. The equations of the atomic density matrix are established, as well as the transfer equations of laser emission spectrum inside a cell with working and buffer gas at a determined temperature. The dependence of the quality of the coherent population trapping resonance on the laser bandwidth has been studied in the case of detecting the signal of the transmitted emission and the fluorescence signal.

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50

Xu, Le, Rui Li, Xiaoqun Chen, Feng Wei, and Xiaowei Shi. "Wideband Frequency Invariant Array Synthesis Based on Matrix Singular Value Decomposition." Electronics 10, no. 16 (2021): 2039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10162039.

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In this paper, an analytic method for frequency invariant (FI) array synthesis is proposed based on matrix singular value decomposition. By grouping the elements of FI array into a few subarrays, the FI pattern in the whole frequency band is realized. Using this algorithm, the number of sub arrays is reduced. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can synthesize the 64-element broadband FI array in 0.52 s. For the 18-element linear array, the half power beam width (HPBW) changes less than 0.6 degrees in the bandwidth. Moreover, the range of HPBW variation decreases rapidly along w

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