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Journal articles on the topic 'Bangkok Clay'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ratananikom, Wanwarang, Siam Yimsiri, Fumihiko Fukuda, and Suched Likitlersuang. "Failure Surface and Plastic Potential in Deviatoric Plane of Bangkok Clay." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.256.

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This paper presents an experimental investigation on the failure surface and plastic potential in deviatoric plane of Bangkok Clay. The results of torsional shear hollow cylinder and triaxial tests with various principal stress directions and magnitudes of intermediate principal stress on undisturbed Bangkok Clay specimens are presented. The obtained stress-strain behaviors assert clear evidences of anisotropic characteristics of Bangkok Clay. Both failure surface and plastic potential in deviatoric plane of Bangkok Clay are demonstrated as isotropic and of circular shape (Drucker-Prager type)

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2

Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Jacques Locat, Satoru Shibuya, Tan Thiam Soon, and Dinesh R. Shiwakoti. "Characterization of Singapore, Bangkok, and Ariake clays." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 38, no. 2 (2001): 378–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-106.

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A soil investigation was carried out at two sites in Singapore and Bangkok, Southeast Asia, and the results were compared with those from a site in Ariake, Japan. Soil samples at all the sites were retrieved using the Japanese sampling method to nullify the effect of sampling on sample quality. From the laboratory tests, consolidation characteristics and undrained shear strength were measured. In addition to the mechanical tests, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope tests were carried out to identify clay minerals and to study their microstructure. Great differences in physical a

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3

Abuel-Naga, H. M., D. T. Bergado, A. Bouazza, and G. V. Ramana. "Volume change behaviour of saturated clays under drained heating conditions: experimental results and constitutive modeling." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, no. 8 (2007): 942–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t07-031.

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One of the essential features of thermomechanical behaviour of saturated fine-grained soils is the thermally induced volume change occurring under a drained heating condition. In this study, a modified oedometer apparatus, able to handle temperatures up to 100 °C, was used to investigate the thermally induced volume change behaviour of soft Bangkok clay. The results of this experimental study provide additional experimental evidence and insights that may enhance the understanding of volume change behaviour of saturated clays at elevated temperatures. This paper also introduces an isotropic the

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4

Horpibulsuk, Suksun, Satoru Shibuya, Kittitep Fuenkajorn, and Wanchai Katkan. "Assessment of engineering properties of Bangkok clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 44, no. 2 (2007): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t06-101.

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Due to the effect of structure, Bangkok clay is stable in a metastable state. Its void ratio, e, is the summation of the void ratio sustained by the intrinsic fabric, eR, and the additional void ratio due to the structure, es. The intrinsic state line (eR versus log σ′v, where σ′v is the effective vertical stress) is developed in terms of the void ratio at the liquid limit, eL. At the post-yield state, es is inversely proportional to σ′v. The residual additional void ratio, esr, which cannot be eliminated by the increase in effective vertical stress, is constant at about 0.20 for soft Bangkok

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5

Chao, Kuo Chieh, Tanawoot Kongsung, and Krit Saowiang. "Effect of Vehicle Cyclic Loading on the Failure of Canal Embankment on Soft Clay Deposit." Geosciences 14, no. 6 (2024): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences14060163.

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Road embankments along irrigation canals, constructed on soft Bangkok clay, have always been unstable. Numerous studies have shown that rapid drawdown of water level may be one of the main causes, while vehicle cyclic loading may also contribute to embankment failure. This study aims to investigate the impact of vehicle loading on the failure of embankments built on Bangkok soft clay. The behavior of soft Bangkok clay under vehicle load has been investigated by employing conventional and dynamic triaxial techniques, and finite element method (FEM). This study also examined the effects of soft

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6

Seah, Tian Ho, Note Sangtian, and Io Chong Chan. "Vane Shear Behavior of Soft Bangkok Clay." Geotechnical Testing Journal 27, no. 1 (2004): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj11193.

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7

David Suits, L., TC Sheahan, TH Seah, N. Sangtian, and IC Chan. "Vane Shear Behavior of Soft Bangkok Clay." Geotechnical Testing Journal 27, no. 1 (2004): 11193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj11266j.

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8

David Suits, L., TC Sheahan, TH Seah, and S. Koslanant. "Anisotropic Consolidation Behavior of Soft Bangkok Clay." Geotechnical Testing Journal 26, no. 3 (2003): 10174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj11300j.

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9

Piriyakul, Keeratikan. "Strength Development of Soft Bangkok Clay Mixed with Cement." Advanced Materials Research 813 (September 2013): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.813.391.

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This paper presents the experimental study on the strength development of soft Bangkok clay mixed with the Portland cement type 1. The soft Bangkok clay samples were mixed with 20% by weigh of Portland cement type 1 and cured for 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Then, these samples were performed the bender element and the unconfined compression tests. The research found the relationship between Vs, G0, Su and time with the maximum values of Vs of 378.79 m/s, G0 of 224.72 MPa and Su of 403.23 kPa respectively. Moreover, the research found that Vs and G0 were directly proportional to Su.

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10

Julphunthong, Phongthorn, Thanet Thongdetsri, and Thanakorn Chompoorat. "Stabilization of Soft Bangkok Clay Using Portland Cement and Calcium Sulfoaluminate-Belite Cement." Key Engineering Materials 775 (August 2018): 582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.775.582.

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The present study investigates the mechanical properties of soft Bangkok clay which was stabilized by ordinary Portland cement and calcium sulfoaluminate-belite (CSAB) cement. The CSAB cement was synthesized by using several types of industrial waste materials such as marble dust waste and flue gas desulfurization gypsum. The raw materials were mixed in designed proportion and calcined at 1,250 °C for 2 hours. The X-ray diffraction patterns suggested the clinker consists of ~58% of ye'elimite and ~35% of belite. The slurry soft Bangkok clay with liquidity index of 1.0, 1.3 and 1.5 was stabiliz

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11

Bergado, Dennes T., A. S. Balasubramaniam, R. Jonathan Fannin, and Robert D. Holtz. "Prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) in soft Bangkok clay: a case study of the new Bangkok International Airport project." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 2 (2002): 304–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t01-100.

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This paper presents the performance of a full-scale test embankment constructed on soft Bangkok clay with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) at the site of the new Bangkok International Airport in Thailand. The embankment was square in plan with a maximum height of 4.2 m, 3H:1V side slopes, and base dimensions of 40 m by 40 m. The piezometric level with depth is characterized by negative drawdown starting at around 8-10 m depth caused by excessive withdrawal of groundwater. Instrumentation was provided to monitor both horizontal and vertical movements of the test embankment. The measured inc

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12

Balasubramaniam, Arumugam. "Large scaled field tests on soft Bangkok clay." Soils and Rocks 44, no. 4 (2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.2021.069921.

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In this lecture the interpretations of fully instrumented tests embankments and their role in the development of appropriate ground improvement techniques for highways, motorways and airfields on soft clay deposits is illustrated through well documented case studies in Bangkok, Thailand and Muar Flat Site in Kuala Lumpur. For the Bangkok Plain and with sand backfills the performance of embankments with different schemes of vertical drains was evaluated over a period of 25 years. Aspects such as recharging effects due to the drains, inadequate measures in maintaining vacuum during vacuum applic

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13

Knodel, PC, and MM Ali. "Statistical Evaluation of Bangkok Clay Shear Strength Parameters." Geotechnical Testing Journal 13, no. 3 (1990): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj10164j.

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14

David Suits, L., TC Sheahan, TH Seah, and KC Lai. "Strength and Deformation Behavior of Soft Bangkok Clay." Geotechnical Testing Journal 26, no. 4 (2003): 8933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj11260j.

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15

David Suits, L., TC Sheahan, TH Seah, B. Tangthansup, and P. Wongsatian. "Horizontal Coefficient of Consolidation of Soft Bangkok Clay." Geotechnical Testing Journal 27, no. 5 (2004): 11777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj11777.

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16

Bergado, D. T., M. C. Alfaro, and A. S. Balasubramaniam. "Improvement of soft Bangkok clay using vertical drains." Geotextiles and Geomembranes 12, no. 7 (1993): 615–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(93)90032-j.

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17

Subedi, B., T. Kitaoka, and J. Kiyono. "3D stratigraphic modelling of the Bangkok basin using Kriging on borehole data." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 851, no. 1 (2021): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/851/1/012014.

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Abstract The Lower Central Plain of Thailand has a deep and highly irregular basement filled with complex layers of alluvial sandy soil and deltaic clay or silt. The Bangkok Metropolitan region with its high level of infrastructure development is located in this plain. With high population density, the problem of land subsidence is critical. This study uses borehole data and the Kriging method to interpolate the data. A detailed 3D stratigraphic model of the basin is presented and several cross sections along two directions. Seventeen layers and the points used for modelling each layer are pre

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18

Teachavorasinskun, Supot, Pipat Thongchim, and Panitan Lukkunaprasit. "Shear modulus and damping of soft Bangkok clays." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 5 (2002): 1201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-048.

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The shear modulus and damping ratio of undisturbed Bangkok clay samples were measured using a cyclic triaxial apparatus. Although abundant literature on this topic exists, selection of the most suitable empirical correlation for a seismic analysis cannot be done unless site specific data are obtained. The apparatus used in this research can measure the stressstrain relationships from strain levels of about 0.01%. The equivalent shear modulus measured at these strains was about 80% of the value obtained from the shear wave velocity measurements. The degradation curves of the equivalent shear m

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19

Pochalard, Sakol, Chalermpon Wungsumpow, and Keeratikan Piriyakul. "Enhancement on compressive strength of Bangkok clay cement using novel high-strength polyethylene fibers." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1335, no. 1 (2024): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1335/1/012008.

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Abstract This study aims to investigate the effect of novel high-strength polyethylene fibers on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) behavior of concrete produced with admixed Bangkok clay cement. Bangkok clay samples were prepared at a liquid limit of 88% and were added to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% by weight; polyethylene fibers were also added at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% by volume. These samples were cured for 7, 14, and 28 days and subjected to an unconfined compressive test. From the test results, the cement content of 8% by weight was the optimum, and a

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20

Ketwetsuriya, Chatchalerm, and Pongrat Dumrongrojwattana. "A new microgastropod species, Orbitestella amphaengensis, (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Orbitestellidae) from Bangkok clay of Samut Sakorn Province, Thailand." Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 69 (August 30, 2021): 304–8. https://doi.org/10.26107/RBZ-2021-0053.

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Ketwetsuriya, Chatchalerm, Dumrongrojwattana, Pongrat (2021): A new microgastropod species, Orbitestella amphaengensis, (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Orbitestellidae) from Bangkok clay of Samut Sakorn Province, Thailand. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 69: 304-308, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2021-0053

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21

Balasubramaniam, A. S., S. Handali, and D. Muir Wood. "Pore Pressure : Stress Ratio Relationship for Soft Bangkok Clay." Soils and Foundations 32, no. 1 (1992): 117–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.32.117.

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22

Bergado, Dennes T., Sayeed Ahmed, Casan L. Sampaco, and A. S. Balasubramaniam. "Settlements of Bangna‐Bangpakong Highway on Soft Bangkok Clay." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 116, no. 1 (1990): 136–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1990)116:1(136).

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23

Bergado, Dennes T., Hiroshi Asakami, Marolo C. Alfaro, and A. S. Balasubramaniam. "Smear Effects of Vertical Drains on Soft Bangkok Clay." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 117, no. 10 (1991): 1509–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1991)117:10(1509).

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24

Likitlersuang, S., and G. T. Houlsby. "Predictions of a continuous hyperplasticity model for Bangkok clay." Geomechanics and Geoengineering 2, no. 3 (2007): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17486020701561479.

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25

Teerawattanasuk, Chairat, Panich Voottipruex, and Suksun Horpibulsuk. "Mix design charts for lightweight cellular cemented Bangkok clay." Applied Clay Science 104 (February 2015): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.12.012.

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26

Jha, Madan Kumar, and Kiyoshi Koga. "Mole drainage: Prospective drainage solution to Bangkok clay soils." Agricultural Water Management 28, no. 3 (1995): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3774(95)01162-c.

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27

Trani, Laricar, Dennes Bergado, and Hossam Abuel-Naga. "Thermo-mechanical behavior of normally consolidated soft Bangkok clay." International Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 4, no. 1 (2010): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3328/ijge.2010.04.01.31-44.

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28

Bergado, Dennes T., Buenaventura C. Patron, Wisit Youyongwatana, Jin-Chun Chai, and Yudhbir. "Reliability-based analysis of embankment on soft Bangkok clay." Structural Safety 13, no. 4 (1994): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4730(94)90032-9.

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29

Piriyakul, Keeratikan. "Using Shear Wave Velocity to Assess the Stiffness of Soil-Cement-Fly Ash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.115.

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This article presents the bender element technique to determine the stiffness of Bangkok clay mixed with the Portland cement type 1 and the fly ash type F by means of shear wave velocity. The Bangkok clay was mixed with 20% by weigh of Portland cement type 1 and varied the amount of fly ash (0, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% by weight). The soil-cement samples were cured for 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days. Then, these samples were performed the bender element test. The results reported that the optimum of replacement fly ash was about 15-20% and showed that the stiffness of soil-cement-fly ash mixing was in

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30

Teachavorasinskun, S., and T. Amornwithayalax. "Elastic shear modulus of Bangkok clay during undrained triaxial compression." Géotechnique 52, no. 7 (2002): 537–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.2002.52.7.537.

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31

Buddee, Samard. "Alternative Design Option for Second Sand Layer of Bangkok Clay." IABSE Symposium Report 96, no. 6 (2009): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137809796088107.

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32

Phai, Hengchhorn, and Amin Eisazadeh. "Compaction Properties of Rice Husk Ash-Lime-Bangkok Clay Mixtures." Key Engineering Materials 803 (May 2019): 331–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.803.331.

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Bangkok clay (BC) is notorious for its poor engineering properties in Thailand and world-widely. In terms of workability, it is significant to modify its naturally weak properties. Nowadays, humans are overusing Earth’s resources and generating so much waste. In consequence, eco-friendly and cost cutting improvements are appreciated in geotechnical field. At the same time, Rice Husk Ash (RHA) is a cheap potential material for soil improvement. Lime is also known as a common material used in soil stabilization both solely and mixed with other materials. An inevitable step to every soil stabiliz

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33

Bergado, Dennes T., Apollo S. Enriques, Casan L. Sampaco, Marolo C. Alfaro,, and A. S. Balasubramaniam. "Inverse Analysis of Geotechnical Parameters on Improved Soft Bangkok Clay." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 118, no. 7 (1992): 1012–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1992)118:7(1012).

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34

Horpibulsuk, Suksun, Runglawan Rachan, and Apichat Suddeepong. "Assessment of strength development in blended cement admixed Bangkok clay." Construction and Building Materials 25, no. 4 (2011): 1521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.08.006.

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35

Wu, Chao-jun, Guan-lin Ye, Lu-lu Zhang, Daniel Bishop, and Jian-hua Wang. "Depositional environment and geotechnical properties of Shanghai clay: a comparison with Ariake and Bangkok clays." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 74, no. 3 (2014): 717–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10064-014-0670-0.

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36

Mase, Lindung Zalbuin, Weeradecth Tanapalungkorn, Panusorn Plengsiri, Kamornrat Ngamcharoen, and Suched Likitlersuang. "Subsoil Variability in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area of Thailand Identified through Ambient Noise Measurement." Indonesian Journal on Geoscience 10, no. 1 (2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.10.1.1-13.

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This paper presents the variations in subsoil conditions of the Bangkok Metropolitan Area of Thailand. The study was initiated by measuring ambient noise with a seismometer. A total of twenty sites was investigated by microtremor measurements. The typical subsoils of Bangkok were presented on the basis of site investigation reports. Furthermore, inversion analysis was conducted to determine subsoil properties in Bangkok. Geotechnical parameters for seismic analyses, such as soil layer thickness, undrained shear strength (su), unit weight, time-averaged shear wave velocities at 30 m (Vs30), 100

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37

Bergado, D. T., A. S. Balasubramaniam, M. A. B. Patawaran, and W. Kwunpreuk. "Electro-osmotic consolidation of soft Bangkok clay with prefabricated vertical drains." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement 4, no. 4 (2000): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/grim.2000.4.4.153.

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38

Horpibulsk, Suksun, Runglawan Rachan, Apichat Suddeepong, and Avirut Chinkulkijniwat. "Strength Development in Cement Admixed Bangkok Clay: Laboratory and Field Investigations." Soils and Foundations 51, no. 2 (2011): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf.51.239.

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39

Abuel-Naga, Hossam M., Dennes T. Bergado, Abdelmalek Bouazza, and Michael J. Pender. "Thermal conductivity of soft Bangkok clay from laboratory and field measurements." Engineering Geology 105, no. 3-4 (2009): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2009.02.008.

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40

Bergado, D. T., J. C. Chai, and N. Miura. "FE analysis of grid reinforced embankment system on soft Bangkok clay." Computers and Geotechnics 17, no. 4 (1995): 447–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-352x(95)94915-d.

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41

Horpibulsuk, Suksun, Narongded Yangsukkaseam, Avirut Chinkulkijniwat, and Yan Jun Du. "Compressibility and permeability of Bangkok clay compared with kaolinite and bentonite." Applied Clay Science 52, no. 1-2 (2011): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.02.014.

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42

Yimsiri, Siam, Wanwarang Ratananikom, Fumihiko Fukuda, and Suched Likitlersuang. "Undrained strength-deformation characteristics of Bangkok Clay under general stress condition." Geomechanics and Engineering 5, no. 5 (2013): 419–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/gae.2013.5.5.419.

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43

Bhurtel, Akanksha, and Amin Eisazadeh. "Strength and Durability of Bottom Ash and Lime Stabilized Bangkok Clay." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 24, no. 2 (2019): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-019-0850-3.

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44

Bhurtel, Akanksha, and Amin Eisazadeh. "Strength and Durability of Bottom Ash and Lime Stabilized Bangkok Clay." KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 24, no. 2 (2019): 404–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12205-020-0850-3.

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45

Wiwanitkit, Viroj, and Weerachit Waenlor. "The frequency rate of Toxocara species contamination in soil samples from public yards in a urban area "Payathai", Bangkok, Thailand." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 46, no. 2 (2004): 113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652004000200011.

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Toxocara species are most common roundworms of Canidae and Felidae. Human toxocariasis develops by ingesting of embryonated eggs in contaminated soil. There is no previous report of Toxocara contamination in the soil samples from the public areas in Bangkok. For this reason our study have been carried out to examine the frequency of Toxocara eggs in public yards in Bangkok, Thailand. A total of 175 sand and clay samples were collected and examined for parasite eggs. According to this study, Toxocara eggs were detected from 10 (5.71%) of 175 soil samples. The high rate of contamination in this

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46

Bergado, D. T., R. Shivashankar, C. L. Sampaco, M. C. Alfaro, and L. R. Anderson. "Behavior of a welded wire wall with poor quality, cohesive–friction backfills on soft Bangkok clay: a case study." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 6 (1991): 860–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-103.

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A full-scale and extensively instrumented experimental mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall with steel grid reinforcements was built on soft clay foundation. Three different locally available poor to marginal quality backfills were used in each of three sections along its length. The soft Bangkok clay in the subsoil is about 6 m thick, overlain by a surficial 2 m thick weathered clay crust and underlain by a layer of stiff clay. It was observed that the amount of subsoil movement greatly influenced the variation in the vertical pressure beneath the wall, as well as the tension in the reinf

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47

Bergado, D. T., K. C. Chong, P. A. M. Daria, and M. C. Alfaro. "Deformability and consolidation characteristics of soft Bangkok clay using screw plate tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27, no. 5 (1990): 531–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t90-069.

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This study centred on the performance of the screw plate test (SPLT) to determine the deformability and consolidation characteristics of soft Bangkok clay. For comparison, a series of stress-path-controlled triaxial consolidation tests (tri) were carried out on good quality samples of Bangkok clay taken from the same testing sites and imposed with the same loading conditions as the screw plate tests. Undrained and drained moduli and coefficients of consolidation were obtained from the stress-path-controlled triaxial consolidation tests and were compared with the corresponding values of the scr

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48

Piriyakul, Keeratikan. "Application of the Non-Destructive Testing Method to Determine the G_max of Bangkok Clay." Applied Mechanics and Materials 418 (September 2013): 157–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.418.157.

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This article presents the application of the non-destructive testing method (so called Bender element test) to measure the shear wave velocity and determine the maximum shear modulus of soft Bangkok clay samples. This research proposes the bender element technique to measure the shear wave velocity by means of piezoelectric ceramic sensors. The details of the bender element test were clearly explained. The laboratory bender element test data of the shear wave velocity were compared with the field test results and show that the field propagating waves pass along layers of higher stiffness while

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49

Kietkajornkul, Choochart, and Veera Vasinvarthana. "Influence of Different Vane Types on Undrained Strength of Soft Bangkok Clay." Soils and Foundations 29, no. 2 (1989): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.29.2_146.

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50

Indraratna, B., A. S. Balasubramaniam, P. Phamvan, and Y. K. Wong. "Development of negative skin friction on driven piles in soft Bangkok clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 29, no. 3 (1992): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t92-044.

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This paper describes the results of short-term pullout tests and long-term full-scale measurements of negative skin friction on driven piles in Bangkok subsoils. Two instrumented cylindrical (hollow) prestressed concrete piles were fully equipped with two independent load-measurement systems, load cells, and telltale rods. Pore pressures and ground movements in the vicinity of the piles were monitored throughout the period of investigation. The effect of bitumen coating on negative skin friction was also studied. The long-term behaviour of driven piles was compared with the estimated values ob

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