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Journal articles on the topic 'Bank executives'
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Yu, Peiyi, Jessica Hong Yang, and Nada Kakabadse. "Developing “best practices” for bankers’ pay in line with Basel III." Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 1, no. 3 (2011): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv1i3art1.
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This paper proposes hybrid capital securities as a significant part of senior bank executive incentive compensation in light of Basel III, a new global regulatory standard on bank capital adequacy and liquidity agreed by the members of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The committee developed Basel III in a response to the deficiencies in financial regulation brought about by the global financial crisis. Basel III strengthens bank capital requirements and introduces new regulatory requirements on bank liquidity and bank leverage. The hybrid bank capital securities we propose for bank executives’ compensation are preferred shares and subordinated debt that the June 2004 Basel II regulatory framework recognised as other admissible forms of capital. The past two decades have witnessed dramatic increase in performance-related pay in the banking industry. Stakeholders such as shareholders, debtholders and regulators criticise traditional cash and equity-based compensation for encouraging bank executives’ excessive risk taking and short-termism, which has resulted in the failure of risk management in high profile banks during the global financial crisis. Paying compensation in the form of hybrid bank capital securities may align the interests of executives with those of stakeholders and help banks regain their reputation for prudence after years of aggressive risk-taking. Additionally, banks are desperately seeking to raise capital in order to bolster balance sheets damaged by the ongoing credit crisis. Tapping their own senior employees with large incentive compensation packages may be a viable additional source of capital that is politically acceptable in times of large-scale bailouts of the financial sector and economically wise as it aligns the interests of the executives with the need for a stable financial system.
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Adelegan, Olatundun J. "Internal and external governance mechanisms: Evidence from the Nigerian banking industry." Corporate Ownership and Control 2, no. 3 (2005): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv2i3p6.
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This paper examines the relationship between internal and external governance mechanism employed by Nigerian banking companies. Data for the study was obtained from the annual reports of bank in Nigeria. I find a higher portion of non-executive directors and a greater likelihood of separating the role of company chairman and CEO in banks compared to similar studies of Nigerian quoted companies. The proportion of non-executive directors who are former executives is low. These suggest those banks are more likely to employ non-executives for monitoring. Banks in Nigeria have utilized audit committees since 1991 and the audit committees in Nigerian banks possess a great proportion of non-executive directors.
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Fleenor, Patrick, David L. Kurtz, and Louis E. Boone. "Where Theres Smoke, You May Be Fired: The Smoking Habits Of American Chief Executive Officers." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 4, no. 2 (October 27, 2011): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v4i2.6436.
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This paper looks at the subject of CEO smoking behavior, as related to family social background, education, and occupational status. The article was developed from a data bank of 243 chief executive officers who responded to a comprehensive questionnaire about their personal habits and traits. Chief executives as a group contain far fewer smokers than the national average, and tend to discriminate against smokers. Career implications for aspiring junior executives are drawn.
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Asyari, Mahfud, and Firna Hayyu Nindya Maritsa. "Effect of Company Performance on Sharia Commercial Bank Executive Compensation in Indonesia." EkBis: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis 4, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ekbis.2020.4.2.1256.
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After the disclosure of data from companies, research on executive compensation began to develop. Several studies on executive compensation in banking found that the determination of compensation is positively related to company performance. This research aims to determine the relationship between company performance and executive compensation of Islamic Commercial Bank’s in Indonesia. Company performance is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA). This study uses a sample of Islamic Commercial Banks because they have very good performance growth and currently only have a market share of 6.18% compared to the national financial market so they still have the potential to experience growth. Furthermore, sample used 14 Islamic commercial banks registered with the OJK during 2014-2019. The research method used panel data regression analysis. The results showed that the performance of Islamic Commercial Bank’s has an effect on executive compensation. Islamic Commercial Bank Executives have an obligation to improve company performance (ROA) because it affects the compensation received by the executive.
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Thyne, Clayton, and Erika Moreno. "Squeaky Wheels and Unequal Policy." Comparative Political Studies 41, no. 7 (February 13, 2008): 921–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414007301704.
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The World Bank has been increasingly involved in reforming Latin America's education systems. However, compliance with World Bank directives varies greatly. Recent scholarship has made significant progress in fashioning an explanation for this variation by focusing on the presence of democracy. This article takes the literature a step further by identifying the mechanism by which democracy matters. Specifically, variations in executive authority are key factors in explaining the adoption of controversial World Bank directives. The authors argue that a government's ability to implement World Bank reforms and overcome popular dissent, if present, is a function of executive authority. They examine executive authority using several measures to test their hypotheses on a 20-year panel of 17 American states from 1980 to 2000. Results indicate that newly democratized governments and strong executives are indeed more successful in passing World Bank reforms.
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Singh, Jashandeep. "Effects of Workplace Stress on Mental Wellbeing of Private Bank Marketing Executives." International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24, no. 5 (April 20, 2020): 5049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37200/ijpr/v24i5/pr2020212.
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Akin, Ozlem, José M. Marín, and and José-Luis Peydró. "Anticipating the financial crisis: evidence from insider trading in banks." Economic Policy 35, no. 102 (April 1, 2020): 213–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiaa012.
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Abstract Banking crises are recurrent phenomena, often induced by excessive bank risk-taking, which may be due to behavioural reasons (over-optimistic banks neglecting risks) and to conflicts of interest between bank shareholders/managers and debtholders/taxpayers (banks exploiting moral hazard). We test whether US banks’ stock returns in the 2007–8 financial crisis are associated with bank insiders’ sales of their own bank’s shares in the period prior to 2006Q2 (the peak and reversal in real estate prices). We find that top-five executives’ sales of shares predict bank performance during the crisis. Interestingly, effects are insignificant for the sales of independent directors and other officers. Moreover, the top-five executives’ impact is stronger for banks with higher exposure to the real estate bubble, where a one standard deviation increase of insider sales is associated with a 13.33 percentage point drop in stock returns during the crisis period. Finally, even though bankers in riskier banks sold more shares (furthering their own interests), they did not change their bank’s policies, for example, by reducing bank-level exposure to real estate. The informational content of bank insider trading before the crisis suggests that insiders knew that their banks were taking excessive risks, which has important implications for theory, public policy and the understanding of crises, as well as a supervisory tool for early warning signals.
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Luo, Gangqiang, and Qin Wang. "Developers' Competition Behaviour of Land Reserve in Assembled Buildings Development: Based on Game Analysis Framework." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 04044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913604044.
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Based on the perspective of game theory, this paper studies the land reserve competition behaviour of developers in assembled buildings development. This paper studies in detail the land price decision in the unilateral equilibrium model of land market, the lending strategy of commercial bank executives under the banking supervision system, the bank credit demand of developers hoarding land, and the bilateral equilibrium model of credit-land market under the loan game of bank executives. The results show that the equilibrium price of land is positively correlated with the number of developers, the total amount of bank loans available to developers and the basic price of land. There is a positive "vicious" circular transmission mechanism between land price, marginal private interest of bank executives' lending and bank financial support.
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Monta, Theerawut, and Fredric William Swierczek. "CLOUD IMPLEMENTATION IN EMERGING MARKET BANKS: THE IMPORTANCE OF SERVICE QUALITY." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 7 (March 21, 2020): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i7.2018.262.
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Cloud computing is emerging as key a technology platform for banking operations globally. In Asia, the progress of cloud application is relatively slow. This paper considers the major factors which influence a bank’s decision to contract with a technology service provider to implement a cloud based strategy. This research study identifies the trends in applying cloud computing in global banking with a focus on banks in Thailand. It will analyze the criteria IT executives in banks use to decide on the selection of technology service providers. Banks require the service provider to meet specific requirements for a cloud implementation project in a bank. A survey approach was used to identify the important criteria IT executives in banks use to select an IT technology provider for cloud applications. The sample included 367 bank IT executives and professionals in Thai and international banks based in Bangkok. SEM was used to analyze the data. Interviews were conducted with 21 IT executives for insights into their decision criteria. Service quality which is based on the conventional SERVQUAL indicators strongly influence the decision to choose a technology service provider. This selection is also influenced by the capability of service provider, their technical capability and the cloud application features. There are few studies in the literature on the decision criteria that banks use to select a provider for cloud computing application.
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Conrad, Courtenay R., and Jacqueline HR DeMeritt. "Constrained by the bank and the ballot." Journal of Peace Research 50, no. 1 (January 2013): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022343312454556.
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Why does the discovery of oil lead to increased government repression in some countries and not others? Why is there variance in the extent to which democracy constrains state violations of human rights? We assume that an executive’s propensity to use violence against citizens is a function of the extent to which he is dependent on his citizenry. Executives can be dependent on their citizenry in two ways: (1) at the bank for financial resources, and (2) at the ballot box for political support. We argue that these considerations jointly influence executive decisions to engage in state repression, and consequently, observed human rights abuse. Using a dataset of 146 countries from 1981 to 2011, we find that democratic institutions have a moderating effect on the positive relationship between unearned revenues and human rights violations. Decreased reliance on citizens for revenue does not weaken and may actually strengthen the pacifying effect of democratic institutions on state terror. Our results suggest that pursuing democracy is a useful way to reduce political violence, both directly and indirectly, even in the presence of a resource curse. Furthermore, the discovery of oil and other unearned revenues is unlikely to undermine the positive relationship between democratic institutions and domestic protections for human rights.
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Joshi, Mahesh, Monika Kansal, and Sharad Sharma. "Awareness of intellectual capital among bank executives in India: a survey." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 26, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-07-2016-0073.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the awareness of terminology related to intellectual capital (IC) among executives of Indian banks and the sources in which they mostly find IC-related terminology. The paper also explores relative and specific contributions of each selected source of information in creating IC awareness among bank executives in India and determines difference among the executives from the public and private sector. Design/methodology/approach This research paper follows a survey-based approach to capture the perceptions of Indian bank managers working middle and top management across different banks. Regression analysis and ANOVA were applied to data from 166 responses. Findings The study finds that IC awareness among Indian banking executives is reasonably high and is equally spread across the three sub-categories of capital (external capital, human capital and internal capital), though the relative awareness of external capital is on the higher side. However, the sources of awareness of IC terminology differ among executives from the public- and private-sector banks. Research limitations/implications The sample was limited to middle and top managers in the Indian banking industry and suffers from the usual limitations of survey-based research such as the design of the survey instrument and the personal biases of the respondents. Some limitations may also have arisen because of the definitions of IC elements adopted by this study. Originality/value This research adds a new dimension to the IC research by exploring the practical application and awareness of IC that deviates from traditional annual report-based disclosure and valuation studies. No existing literature has examined the survey-based awareness study, particularly on the banking industry. This paper provides a foundation for future studies that examine the operational awareness and application of IC in the service industries.
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NGUYỄN THỊ, LOAN, and HẠNH TRẦN THỊ NGỌC. "The Business Performance of Vietnam’s Commercial Banks." Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies 217 (July 1, 2013): 42–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24311/jabes/2013.217.08.
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Analyzing the business performance or efficiency of commercial banks plays an important role in enabling bank executives to make organizational decision and policies that may facilitate the profitability and enhance the bank?s performance. In this paper, the authors employ multiple methods to evaluate the business performance of Vietnam?s commercial banks and extend some suggestions for applying analyzing methods and improving their performance.
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Naeem, Farah. "Antecedents of Organizational Stress among Bank Executives." Jaipuria International Journal of Management Research 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22552/jijmr/2018/v4/i2/177080.
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Tantipisut, Panchana, and Pisal Yenradee. "Framework for Developing a Banking Performance Dashboard." International Journal of Knowledge and Systems Science 11, no. 1 (January 2020): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijkss.2020010103.
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This article creates a framework for conceptually designing a performance dashboard for banks. It provides guidelines for developing such a framework for banks and other organizations with similar characteristics. A three-step approach for developing the dashboard is proposed. The first step is to determine the ideal characteristics of an effective performance dashboard using an extensive literature search and expert opinions of TMB bank executives. Second, the current performance reporting system is analyzed using a simplified “Delphi” method to identify discrepancies from the ideal characteristics. Third, some missing elements are identified, and recommendations are provided to enhance the current performance reporting systems, to be an effective performance dashboard. The proposed ideal characteristics and the simplified “Delphi” method are effective to identify missing elements. Moreover, a working team comprised of academicians and bank executives can provide acceptable recommendations to improve the current performance reporting system, to become an effective performance dashboard.
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Saparito, Patrick, and Kenneth Colwell. "The Multidimensional Form and Role of Trust in the Small Capitalization Debt Finance Market." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 11, no. 2 (May 2010): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/000000010791291820.
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The authors use a trust perspective to highlight the parallels between agency and sociological discussions concerning relationships between banks and small firms. Using the trust typology developed by Lewicki and Bunker (1996), the authors explore how the length and breadth of the bank–firm relationship and the bank's customer orientation influence three dimensions of a small firm's trust in its bank. The paper also explores how bank managers' trust orientations influence a small firm's satisfaction with credit access. The authors test the theoretical framework empirically using a matched sample of 867 small firm executives and the bank managers who had direct responsibility for their accounts.
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Bowie, Nikolas. "Corporate Democracy: How Corporations Justified Their Right to Speak in 1970s Boston." Law and History Review 36, no. 4 (August 28, 2018): 943–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248018000160.
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AbstractIn the early 1970s, the executives of the First National Bank of Boston spent hundreds of thousands of the bank's dollars on ads opposing statewide efforts to raise their personal income taxes. When frustrated Massachusetts legislators banned this sort of corporate spending, the executives sued, arguing that “corporations have the same First Amendment rights as individuals.” In First National Bank of Boston v. Bellotti, the Supreme Court held for the first time that the First Amendment protects all political speech, even ads paid for by a corporation. Surprisingly, the first corporation to take advantage of this decision was not the bank, but the city of Boston--a municipal corporation that spent nearly a million dollars on a new referendum in the fall of 1978.This article discusses the history of the 1978 referendum, one pitting municipal corporations against business corporations. It argues that the referendum and the discourse surrounding it made it intuitive for Bostonians that all corporations, banks and cities, are representative institutions. Corporations can “speak” only by spending money, and the leaders of Boston and the bank justified spending other people's money by pointing to the internal elections that put them in office. But voters were skeptical of the argument that “corporate democracy” alone could guarantee that elected executives spoke with the consent of the people they purported to represent. The article offers a novel contribution to the historiography of modern business and politics: a legal history of how corporations--municipal and financial--became politicized in the wake of evolving First Amendment free-speech doctrine.
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Saerang, David P. E., Joy Elly Tulung, and Imelda W. J. Ogi. "The influence of executives’ characteristics on bank performance: The case of emerging market." Journal of Governance and Regulation 7, no. 4 (2018): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v7_i4_p2.
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This research is expected to provide information for the benefits of Bank SulutGo and also the Government of North Sulawesi in forming the composition of the board of directors and board of commissioner and all bank officials in SulutGo Bank. The population and samples are SulutGo Bank officials consisting of boards of commissioners, boards of directors, division leaders and branch leaders of all the Banks of SulutGo. They consist of 4 Commissioners, 5 Directors, 2 Heads of Department, 19 Heads and Divisional Representatives, plus 94 head offices (head office, branch offices and sub-branch offices) scattered throughout the provinces of North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, DKI Jakarta and East Java. In measuring the performance of BPD, Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE) are employed. The results show age, education level, work period and gender has a positive relationship with CAR, but there is no relationship with ROA, ROE and Total Assets. The same with the F-test, simultaneously age, education level, work period and gender has a positive relationship with CAR but there is no relationship with ROA, ROE and Total Assets.
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Zhang, Long, Steven Shwiff, and Qun Xu. "An Indexation System for Assessing Emerging Chinese Bank Competitiveness: The Case of Huaxia Bank." Acta Oeconomica 65, s2 (December 2015): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.65.2015.s2.5.
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A 2010 banking survey of 42 foreign bank executives by Price Waterhouse Coopers ranked competition from “domestic” Chinese banks as their primary concern. This outranked the “regulatory environment” which had been number one for the previous two years. Several reasons were cited by foreign bank managers but three stand out: (1) declining market share for foreign banks due to reduced number of multinationals doing business in China, (2) foreign banks reluctance to lend locally due to the global economic slowdown, (3) the aggressive lending strategies of Chinese banks. This paper focuses on the new reality of contemporary Chinese banking practice. We believe Chinese banks are learning and adapting. They are gaining expertise in a wide array of bank operations such as asset management, branching, securities, leasing and many more. To better understand the nature and context of growing Chinese bank competitiveness, we introduce and apply the concept financial “econiche”. Financial econiche refers to the learning and adapting that takes place in a specific financial “ecological” surrounding with attention paid to the macroeconomic need for harmonious development. Econiche theory borrows heavily from similar ideas in the natural world. We construct an evaluation indexation system based on the econiche theory, and use Huaxia bank as a case study.
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Hwang, In Do, Thomas Lustenberger, and Enzo Rossi. "Does communication influence executives’ opinion of central bank policy?☆." Journal of International Money and Finance 115 (July 2021): 102393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2021.102393.
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Charitou, Melita. "Determinants of the Capital Adequacy of U.S Financial Institutions." International Finance and Banking 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ifb.v6i1.14384.
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In this study we examine the determinants of the capital adequacy ratios of the US financial institutions over the period 2012-2017. Using a dataset of 2135 bank-year observations, results show that financial institutions with high operating expenses as a percentage of revenues have lower capital adequacy ratios. This is an indication that bank inefficiencies are an impediment to robust capital adequacy ratios. Moreover, results show that more profitable banks have higher CARs. Evidence shows that additional two risk related variables affect positively CARs, namely, earnings coverage of net charge off and loss allowance to loans. These results should be of great importance to bank executives, bank regulators and to major stakeholders such as investors and financial analysts, especially after the latest global financial crisis and the collapse of giant US financial institutions.
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Holmlund, Maria, Tore Strandvik, and Ilkka Lähteenmäki. "Digitalization challenging institutional logics." Journal of Service Theory and Practice 27, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 219–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jstp-12-2015-0256.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the mental models of top executive team members in a selected retail bank. The focus is on how each executive team member makes sense of the market situation and changes with regard to customers and customer-bank interactions in the current situation where earlier bank practices are at risk of becoming obsolete. Design/methodology/approach All members in the executive team were interviewed individually in August 2014 on how they reason about challenges in the service business. The study uses an abductive research approach. Findings The mental models were largely dominated by internal bank issues, and adjusting the services to changing customer preferences was considered a main challenge. The research analysis showed that the executive team members identified the same business challenges, but their interpretations of the meanings and implications of the challenges were different. Mental models tend to be hidden and stable and are seldom explicitly elaborated. There was a distinct spread in mental models in terms of content. Limited focus was on customers as the starting point for business development and renewal. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted in the retail banking setting, which is currently affected by many changes. The study, however, was limited to executive members in one bank. Practical implications The foremost implications of this study relate to sensitising executive members and teams to their mental models and exposing different core challenges related to customers and customer relationships in the retail banking sector. Originality/value The value of the study is it sheds light on top executives’ prospective sensemaking of current business challenges by addressing individual mental models. The study represents a novel approach in the strategic service management literature.
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Hlyantseva, K. V. "Legal Regime of Information Owned by the National Bank of Ukraine." Legal horizons, no. 18 (2019): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2019.i18.p66.
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The article is devoted to the legal regime of information owned by the National Bank of Ukraine. The content of the concept of information is disclosed and its types are defined. The legal basis for disclosure of information owned by the National Bank of Ukraine is investigated and the aspects of protection are analyzed. Information is any information and/or data that may be stored on a physical medium or displayed electronically. The legislation defines the following types: information about an individual; information of reference and encyclopedic nature; environmental information; product information (job, service); scientific and technical information; tax information; legal information; statistical information; sociological information; other types of information. Information owned by the NBU includes information about an individual, namely information or a set of information about an individual that is identified or can be specifically identified; information about the debtor of the bank (and/or related persons); on credit operations of banks and on the status of the fulfillment of obligations under such operations, analysis and classification of loans; information on monetary and banking statistics; information on the ownership structure of banks and the composition of banking groups, bank executives. The legal bases for disclosure of this information are defined in the Laws of Ukraine “On the National Bank of Ukraine”, “On Banks and Banking”, “On Access to Public Information”, Regulations on the Credit Registry of the National Bank of Ukraine, etc. The regulation on the organization of information security measures in the banking system of Ukraine defines the following principles of information protection: the approach to information security should be systematic (comprehensive); the process of improvement and development of information security must be continuous and carried out by substantiation and implementation of rational means, methods, measures using the best international experience; safeguards against real and potential threats to the information security of the bank should be timely and adequate; ensuring the proper level of information security of the bank is impossible without the support and control of the bank’s executives; sustainable development of information security systems is only possible if resources, including financial resources, are sufficient. The features of information protection in banking systems are set by the National Bank. Keywords: the legal regime of information, information, open data, information with restricted access, information security, National Bank of Ukraine, credit register.
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Albana, Muhammad Said, and Amrie Firmansyah. "IMPLEMENTASI AKUNTANSI MURABAHAH PADA PEMBIAYAAN BSM OTO DI BANK SYARIAH MANDIRI: APAKAH SESUAI DENGAN PSAK 102?" Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah Teori dan Terapan 8, no. 2 (March 29, 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/vol8iss20212pp193-202.
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ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengulas penerapan akuntansi murabahah pada pada pembiayaan BSM OTO di Bank Syariah Mandiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan content analysis dan wawancara kepada dua informan. Informan terdiri dari Customer Sales Executive Bank Mandiri Cabang Depok dan dosen akuntansi syariah di STIEBI. Content analysis dilakukan untuk melakukan identifikasi transaksi murahabah yang terdapat dalam laporan keuangan dan laporan tahunan Bank Syariah Mandiri. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengkonfirmasi dan menggali informasi lebih dalam berdasarkan hasil content analysis. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Penerapan akuntansi murabahah yang terdapat dalam produk BSM OTO pada Bank Syariah Mandiri telah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip akuntansi murabahah yang berlaku di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: murahabah, pembiayaan, akuntansi syariah. ABSTRACTThis study aims to review the implementation of murabahah accounting on OTO BSM financing at Bank Syariah Mandiri. This study uses qualitative methods with content analysis and interviews with two informants. Informants consisted of Customer Sales Executives at Bank Mandiri Depok Branch and sharia accounting lecturer in STIEBI. Content analysis was performed to identify murabahah transactions in the financial statements and annual reports of Bank Syariah Mandiri. Interviews were conducted to confirm and dig more in-depth information based on the results of content analysis. This study concludes that the implementation of murabahah accounting in BSM OTO products at Bank Syariah Mandiri is generally under the murabahah accounting principles applicable in Indonesia.Keywords: murabahah, financing, sharia accounting.
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Hussain, Ijaz. "BANKING INDUSTRY CONCENTRATION AND NET INTEREST MARGINS (NIMS) IN PAKISTAN." Journal of Business Economics and Management 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2013): 384–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2012.732105.
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This paper uses bank level data of 26 commercial banks for the period 2001–2010 to explore determinants of net interest margins of commercial banks of Pakistan. Based on results of this study, past net interest margins, bank soundness, operating cost, industry concentration, relative market share, inflation, real depreciation and industrial growth have statistically significant and positive impact while diversification, change in bank size, lagged liquidity, stock market development have dampening effects on net interest margins. However, impact of ownership, GDP and credit market development is statistically insignificant. Our regression results suggest that stock market development as means of alternative source of finance contributes to reduction in net interest margins while the impact of banking sector development on breaking banking cartels and bringing net interest margins down had been insignificant. Exchange rate adjustments, rate of inflation and growth of the industry also cannot be ignored in management of net interest margins. Incentives for bank executives and managers to ensure efficiency in operating costs, reduction in the premium charged for bank soundness, diversification of bank activities and passing on the scale efficiencies to both depositors and borrowers can also play role to bring interest margins down to accelerate investment and growth in the country.
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Colonia-Willner, Regina. "Investing in Practical Intelligence: Ageing and Cognitive Efficiency among Executives." International Journal of Behavioral Development 23, no. 3 (September 1999): 591–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502599383711.
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This paper has two objectives. (1) To review in part empirical evidence obtained in a recent study on practical intelligence in bank managers (Colonia-Willner, 1998). (2) To discuss the implications of these findings for the study of practical intelligence, expertise, and compensatory abilities. The first goal of the initial study was to determine whether managerial practical intelligence is preserved in older bank managers whereas differences in psychometric measures of reasoning are associated with age. The second was to verify whether practical intelligence measures better predict managerial job performance than traditional psychometric tests. Two hundred bank managers (43 experts and 157 nonexperts) participated in the initial study. Increased age appeared to be associated with lower performance in the Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (Raven’s) and the Verbal Reasoning subtest of the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), but less so with the Tacit Knowledge Inventory for Managers (TKIM). Although scoring lower on psychometric reasoning measures, the best performing older managers, on average, exhibited high levels of tacit knowledge, an instantiation of practical knowledge acquired in situations where information is not openly expressed. TKIM predicted managerial skill; DAT and Raven’s did not. These findings suggest: (1) that stabilisation of some aspects of intelligence may occur in old age; and (2) that domain-specific knowledge may contribute to compensation for age-related losses in functioning.
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Dahir, Ahmed Mohamed, Fauziah Binti Mahat, and Noor Azman Bin Ali. "Funding liquidity risk and bank risk-taking in BRICS countries." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 1 (January 15, 2018): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-03-2017-0086.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of funding liquidity risk and liquidity risk on the bank risk-taking. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation technique and a sample of 57 banks operating in BRICS countries over the period from 2006 to 2015. Findings The results reveal that liquidity risk has a significant and negative effect on the bank risk-taking, indicating that a decrease in liquidity risk contributes to higher bank risk-taking. The study also reveals that funding liquidity risk has the substantial impact on bank risk-taking, suggesting lower funding liquidity risk results in higher bank risk-taking. These results are consistent with prior assumptions. Research limitations/implications The implications of this study highlight the fact that liquidity risk is a risk factor which drives the potential bank default, of which banks tend to take more risks when higher funding liquidity exists. Practical implications This study offers a number of valuable implications for the policy makers as well as practitioners. The policy makers should take into account better liquidity risk management framework aimed at preventing banks from taking excessive risks. Bank executives must pay more attention on how banks could hold more liquid securities and cash. Less risk-taking reduces higher borrowing costs undermining earnings through imposing taxes on corporate. Originality/value This work uncovered that liquidity risk per se is an important and previously unidentified risk factor, specifically its effects on bank risk-taking and contributes to the view in support of holding more liquid securities than the past.
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Hegarty, W. Harvey, and Laszlo Tihanyi. "Surviving the transition: Central European bank executives’ view of environmental changes." Journal of World Business 34, no. 4 (December 1999): 409–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1090-9516(99)00026-7.
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M Valero, Mary Jane. "Challenges of bank senior executives at midlife: a phenomenological case study." MOJ Gerontology & Geriatrics 6, no. 1 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojgg.2021.06.00258.
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Gaizo, Angela, Gianluca Risaliti, and Marco Rotili. "The New Rules on Bank Remuneration Policies Reception by the Three Major Italian Banking Groups." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 7 (March 31, 2018): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n7p386.
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The compensation and incentive systems of executive directors have been the subject of particular attention by scholars and regulators for their sig-nificant implications on an economic and social level. Especially in the after-math of the Global Financial Crisis of 2007, compensation practices based on short-term profits were accused of having significantly increased the risk-tak-ing that threatened the global financial system. In order to avoid this repercus-sion, the European Community and Italian regulators issued instruments for encouraging banks to implement remuneration systems complying more with their operational and dimensional characteristics. The last of these rules in the Italian legal framework was the VII Update of “Circolare N° 285 of 17th De-cember 2013” which examines the new rules about the remuneration of bank-ers and executives in the Italian financial sector, and the impact of these rules on the three Italian larger significant banks. Results show that the three Italian banks have not been strongly impacted by these rules. Since 2013, in fact, the remuneration system of the three banking groups examined were characterized by a proper balancing between the fixed and the variable component of remu-neration, as well as by a binding (ex-ante and ex-post) adjusting system. Above all, the new rules have affected the number of the “material risk-tak-ers”, which increased in 2015.
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Rasiwala, Farida S., and Bindya Kohli. "Artificial Intelligence in FinTech." International Journal of Business Intelligence Research 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbir.20210101.oa3.
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The recent increase of robo-advisory services (RAs) in various financial domains has caused a threatening alarm to the traditional fund and wealth management industry. There has been a remarkable growth in RAs' assets under management (AUM) due to their ability to provide better expected return by being competitive on pricing, transparency, and services. The research paper is designed to explore the various experts in the financial industry (which includes VP and AVPs of investment bank, managers and senior executive at bank, IT professionals and executives, and FinTech entrepreneurs and CEOs) and perceive the digital disruption that is going to affect the traditional financial services industry. Secondly, it is to explore the various strategies that are being adopted by the financial service providers to withstand competition from the disruption caused by FinTech challengers. Moreover, the purpose of this research paper is also to understand the extent and effect of the disruption as well as the strategies adopted by financial industry players to face these disruptions from FinTech.
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Kitsios, Fotis, Ioannis Giatsidis, and Maria Kamariotou. "Digital Transformation and Strategy in the Banking Sector: Evaluating the Acceptance Rate of E-Services." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 7, no. 3 (September 21, 2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7030204.
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Digital transformation in the banking sector is a continuous process that affects both the external and internal environment by redesigning internal processes and existing methods. There are many reasons that digital transformation takes place, such as servicing remote areas without physical branches, differentiation from competitors or reduction of operating costs. In any case, there are a lot of doubts about the acceptance of digital technologies. Thus, this article examines the acceptance rate of digital transformation in the banking sector in Greece. One hundred and sixty-one employees at Greek banks completed the survey. A Multivariate Regression Analysis was implemented to analyze the items of the Technology Acceptance Model. The findings of this paper indicate the perception of bank employees with regard to new technologies. This paper provides a practical contribution for executives of Greek banking organizations to schedule targeted educational programs to facilitate the transition to the new digital era for their employees. Executives are curious if employees are ready to accept and implement digitalization in their daily job routine. Therefore, the Technology Acceptance Model can provide answers to executives in facing these challenges.
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McCallum, James B. "Mutual fund market timing: A tale of systemic abuse and executive malfeasance." Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13581980410810704.
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The mutual fund market timing scandal and continuing investigative probes read like a Greek tragedy. It is beyond comprehension how senior investment management executives would become willing accomplices in fleecing their clients’ assets, impairing their portfolio managers’ investment returns and destroying the reputations of some of the industry’s greatest fiduciary brands. This paper looks at the systemic roots of the scandal and how Canary Capital Partners enlisted the help of Bank of America Securities Executives to market time the bank’s inhouse mutual funds in violation of SEC forward pricing regulations.
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Uwuigbe, Uwalomwa, Eluyela Damilola Felix, Olubukola Ranti Uwuigbe, Obarakpo Teddy, and Falola Irene. "Corporate governance and quality of financial statements: a study of listed Nigerian banks." Banks and Bank Systems 13, no. 3 (July 19, 2018): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.13(3).2018.02.
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This study investigated the influence of Corporate governance on the timeliness of financial reports of listed banks in Nigeria. In order to provide answers to the research questions raised in this study, data were generated from the annual report of the listed banks on the Nigerian Stock Exchange considering the period 2008–2015. The study used Board size, Board Independence and Foreign Executives on the board as proxies for corporate governance. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and panel data regression analysis. It was observed that board size had a non-significant negative relationship with the timeliness of financial reports. Also, the study observed that board independence also had a non-significant negative relationship with the timeliness of financial reports. Finally, it was observed that foreign executives on the board had a significant positive relationship with the timeliness of financial reports. The study thus recommends that the existing legal framework in Nigeria should be developed that clearly specifies the rights and obligations of a bank, its management and, of course, other stakeholders.
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Alhadab, Mohammad, and Bassam Al-Own. "Earnings management and equity incentives: evidence from the European banking industry." International Journal of Accounting & Information Management 27, no. 2 (May 7, 2019): 244–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijaim-08-2017-0094.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of equity incentives on earnings management that occurs via the use of loan loss provisions by using a sample of 204 bank-year observations over the period 2006-2011. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the data of 39 European banks to test the main hypothesis. Several valuation models and regressions are used to measure the main proxies for executives’ compensation and the determinant factors of loan loss provisions. Findings The empirical results reveal that earnings management that occurs via discretionary loan loss provisions is associated with equity incentives in the banking industry. In particular, European banks’ executives with high equity incentives are found to manage reported earnings upwards by reducing loan loss provisions. The results therefore show that income-increasing earnings management via discretionary loan loss provisions is widely practised by the executives of European banks and that this is partly motivated by executives’ compensation. Practical implications The findings of this paper present important implications for regulators in the European Union, who should take further steps to reform the regulatory environment to monitor and mitigate the earnings management practices that occur via the manipulation of loan loss provisions. Earnings management practices do not just negatively affect subsequent performance but are also found to lead to firms’ failure. Thus, regulators should take the necessary reforms to protect the wealth of stakeholders (investors, creditors, etc.). Originality/value This study provides the first evidence on the relationship between equity incentives and earnings management in the European banking industry. The study sheds more light on an issue of great interest to a broad audience that does not receive much attention in the prior research, thus opening new avenues for future research.
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Killins, Robert Neil, David W. Johnk, and Peter V. Egly. "The impact of financial regulation policy uncertainty on bank profits and risk." Studies in Economics and Finance 37, no. 4 (September 20, 2019): 725–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-05-2019-0169.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of financial regulation policy uncertainty (FRPU) on bank profit and risk. Design/methodology/approach This study applies dynamic panel techniques and uses the Baker et al. (2016) FRPU index and macroeconomic variables to assess FRPU’s impact on bank profit and risk using Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation call reports from Q1 2000 to Q4 2016 for over 4,760 commercial banks. Findings The effect of FRPU on profitability (Return on Assets [ROA] and Return on Equity [ROE]) and risk (standard deviation of ROA and ROE) produces complex results. FRPU negatively (positively) impacts profits for small and large banks (money center banks). There is a positive impact on FRPU for small and medium-sized banks, with no impact reported for the large and money center banks. Practical implications Findings lead to several implications for financial services regulators, investors and executives as summarized in the conclusion. It is essential to ensure that clear communication channels are open especially to small and medium-sized banks for proper strategic planning, given their greater sensitivity to regulatory uncertainty. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature as follows. First, it explores the impact of FRPU on bank profits and risk using a novel index introduced by Baker et al. (2016). This news-based continuous measure presents a bank profit modeling approach that differs from traditional event study methodology. Second, a large sample of US commercial banks is used which represents an important departure from banking regulation studies.
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Buranatrakul, Thanita, and Fredric William Swierczek. "Climate Change Strategic Actions in the International Banking Industry." Global Business Review 19, no. 1 (September 20, 2017): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713371.
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This article investigates the actions of international banks related to climate change adaptation. A theoretical framework was developed to assess bank climate change strategic actions based on five categories: management commitment, emissions reduction, product development, organizational involvement and external relationship development. A sample of international banks from 15 countries in four regions was analysed. Significant differences were found in the level of climate change strategic actions by banks across regions. North American banks had the highest scores on management commitment and product development. Australian banks were the top performers in external relationship development. European banks were ranked first in emissions reduction. Asian banks received the lowest score in all the categories of climate change strategic actions. The research is a unique comparative exploratory study of the strategic actions taken to address climate change in the international banking industry. The theoretical contribution of this article is its link between the theory of organizational adaptation and the climate change actions that banks practice. The research is beneficial for bank executives to develop effective environmental actions that will increase climate change mitigation and adaptation globally but particularly in Asia, which is the critical region for climate change actions.
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Dell’Atti, Stefano. "Editorial: An international outlook of research in governance and regulation." Journal of Governance and Regulation 7, no. 4 (2018): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v7_i4_editorial.
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The current issue of the Journal pays attention to the variety of issues: key sectors of economic growth in Greece, the influence of executives’ characteristics on bank performance, the role of universities as entrepreneurial financial players, alternative corporate performance measurements, the influence of digitalization on corporate governance and others.
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McDonald, Oonagh Anne. "The federal housing finance agency’s complaints against seventeen banks." Journal of Financial Crime 23, no. 1 (December 31, 2015): 22–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-09-2015-0047.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the basis of the complaints against banks which sold private label securities to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac before the financial crisis. The examination shows that all but one of the cases was settled out of court. Nomura and RBS went to court, but the case against them was based on dubious evidence and on strict liability which only enabled the judge to set aside relevant evidence. The Securities and Exchange Commission’s evidence against senior executives of Fannie and Freddie shows that they deliberately purchased PLSs based on subprime loans to meet the government’s housing targets. Design/methodology/approach – The research was based on publicly available documents, including details of the Federal Housing Finance Agency’s (FHFA) complaints against the banks in question, the settlement agreements published by the DoJ, FHFA and SEC. Furthermore, it includes documentary evidence from the Financial Crisis Inquiry Committee and Senate Committees, the full transcript of the trial, opinions of the judge for the trial and the judgement. Findings – The findings are that many have concluded that settlements out of court fail to satisfy the demand for justice. They have been criticised as a trade-off between the prosecutor and the bank, with a view that the imposition of large fines is to pay back taxpayers’ money spent on rescuing the banks, rather than punishing those responsible. Such fines do little, if anything, to change the behaviour of banks. As a result, the Department of Justice issued a memorandum on 9 September to focus on individual accountability for corporate wrongdoing. It remains to be seen how many cases against senior executives will result from the change in direction. Research limitations/implications – The implications of the research are that it is important even in the aftermath of such a serious if not devastating financial crisis to ensure that the laws are properly applied and can stand up to any challenge that it has been stretched to obtain the results the administration of the day wants to see. In addition, care must be taken over both the imposition of large fines and the use to which the monies should be put. All the parties involved in bringing about the crisis should be held to account. The major cases against the banks have almost all been “resolved”. A change in direction has now taken place. Practical implications – The practical implications of holding individuals to account should now be tackled. It requires a careful examination of the laws and regulations already in place to ensure that it is clear within a bank as to who is responsible for what. It will only be possible to hold senior individuals to account if the laws are clear and if all the evidence is not hidden. It may also require a review of the contracts under which senior executives are employed, because to remove a person from his post and then find that he still has a large pension pot and bonuses due may not result in justice either. A delicate balancing act is required because banks require highly competent and motivated individuals to run them. Social implications – If a very large fine is imposed on a bank, the shareholders and customers pay. The shareholders will mostly own the shares through their pensions and their savings in mutual funds. Originality/value – There have been few studies of all the cases against the banks brought by the DoJ and FHFA and still fewer have recognized the fact that government housing policy was the source of the extent of the subprime mortgages.
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Uddin, Mohd Kamal, and Mohammad Jonaed Kabir. "Satisfaction towards Banking Profession: A Comparative Study on Male and Female Executives." IIUC Studies 12 (December 10, 2016): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v12i0.30586.
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Banking sector in Bangladesh is recruiting women more in number than ever before. Women are now viewed by planners and policy makers as equal partners in the process of development and great contributors to state economy. Banks, as development catalysts, need to evaluate both the male and female employees, in a timely manner to enhance their effort to work. This paper attempts to evaluate job satisfaction of bank officers considering sex differences to determine a fruitful comparison. The research work was conducted through JDI administered questionnaire on a sample of 210 employees from six banks (Two public and four private banks). A popular measure of job satisfaction - the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) - measure satisfaction in terms of five aspects of a persons job: pay, promotion, supervision, the work itself and co-workers (Hellriegel and Woodman, 1995). As the two gender groups were not normally distributed, a Mann-Whitney U test was applied to test relationship between gender and job satisfaction with each facet. The findings of the study show that higher satisfaction among females for three of the five job facets while male officers dominate the rest two factors. The present study attempts to enrich the existing knowledge base in the area of job satisfaction in banking sector adding a new dimension of HRM-issues.IIUC Studies Vol.12 December 2015: 127-138
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Durkin, Mark, Pauric McGowan, and Lisa Murray. "Perspectives on the Potential for Social Media to Improve Communication in Small Business–Bank Relationships." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 15, no. 4 (November 2014): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2014.0163.
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Relationships with the small business sector have traditionally been largely neglected by banking institutions. However, as a result of recent turmoil in the world's economy and the ongoing impact of the recession, banks find themselves in a quandary about how best to support those within the small firm sector in times of tight credit. With increasing regulation, market fragmentation and increased competition, banks face real challenges to improve communication and establish profitable and long-term relationships with their small firm clients. Through conceptual modelling and empirical research, this paper explores the small business– bank relationship and examines the extent to which social media may facilitate more effective communication in that relationship. A qualitative research methodology uncovers perceptions of both senior bank executives and small firm owner-managers with respect to the perceived value social media can bring to communication within the small firm–bank relationship. The findings indicate that bankers saw little merit in any communication opportunities afforded by social media, while the owner-managers could see great value in such new media channels for improved communication. Through theoretical modelling, the differences in perception were classified at the levels of context, content and competency. It is concluded that, while social media could add value to the small firm–bank relationship, the medium would be most effective when used in a secondary capacity to personal face-to-face relationship building.
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A.P, Latha, Shalin Kumar, Ronit Sachdeva, and Siddhartha Singh. "REALTIME BLOOD BANK DATA REPOSITORY." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 8, no. 6 (July 3, 2021): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v8.i6.2021.964.
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The real motive behind the Realtime Blood Bank Data Repository is to streamline and mechanize the way toward looking for blood if there should be an occurrence of crisis and keep up the records of blood givers, beneficiaries, blood gift projects and blood stocks in the bank. As of now, people, in general, can just think about the blood donation event occasions through traditional media means like radio, paper or TV commercials. There is no data with respect to the blood gift programs accessible on any of the gateway. With the manual archive, there are issues in dealing with the records. There is no concentrated data set of volunteer benefactors. Along these lines, it turns out to be truly dreary for an individual to look through blood if there should arise an occurrence of crisis. This task plans to mechanize the blood and contribute to the board framework in a blood donation centre to improve the record executives effectiveness because of the developed size of records of information.
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Adusei, Charles, Isaac Tweneboah-Koduah, and Gloria K. Q. Agyapong. "Sales-Orientation and Customer-Orientation on Performance of Direct Sales Executives of Fidelity Bank, Ghana." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 9, no. 4 (November 18, 2020): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v9i4.753.
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This study focused on sales-orientation and customer-orientation of Direct Sales Executives (DSEs) on sales performance at Fidelity Bank, Ghana; which was a cross-sectional study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Kendall’s coefficient of concordance, cross tabulation and chi-squared test of independence. The result showed a strong association between prior sales experience and employment status. DSEs customer orientation was influenced by customer information while the sales orientation was on convincing customers to buy. The customer-oriented culture was based on reliable market and customer information. DSEs sales performance were influenced by complete knowledge of the bank’s products and services, listening skills and empathy. The study suggests that Fidelity Bank must sensitize its DSEs on the bank philosophy on its customer orientation culture. This study appears to be the first of its kind to explore the connection between sales orientation and customer orientation on performance in the Banking Industry in Ghana, thus providing empirical evidence for academics and practitioners.
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Acharya, Krishna Prasad. "Impact of Merger on Financial Performance of Nepalese Commercial Bank." Journal of Balkumari College 9, no. 1 (July 15, 2020): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jbkc.v9i1.30093.
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Mergers and Acquisitions have become the most widely used business strategy of restructuring and strong financial institution to achieve competitiveness, to ensure long term existence with suitable profitability, to forge entering in new markets, and to ascertain the capital base etc. Specially, the merger law policy-2068 and monetary policy 2072 issued by Nepal Rastra Bank, the regulatory body of banks in Nepal, have been experienced as the most effective weapons for merger and acquisition in Nepalese Banking industry. This study makes an attempt to the latest Monetary Policy lays down measures meant to encourage banks to merge. By Shrawan 2076, commercial banks are required to maintain an average interest rate spread (the difference between rates on loans and deposits) of 4.4 percent from the current 4.5 percent; banks that complete mergers and acquisitions by that time will get a one-year extension. Also, by Shrawan 2076, commercial banks are required to float at least 25 percent of their paid-up capital in debentures; banks that decide to tie the knot by that deadline will get a one-year reprieve. A merged bank also does not have to seek Nepal Rastra Bank's approval to open new branches. Currently, the board of directors, CEOs and deputy CEOs are required to abide by a cooling-off period of six months during which they cannot join another bank. This restriction will not apply to executives of a merged bank. The argument for mergers and acquisitions go something like this. There are just too many banks and financial institutions in Nepal. As of Ashad 2076, there were 28 commercial banks (Class A), 32 development banks (Class B), 24 finance companies (Class C) and 91 micro-credit companies (Class D). Conceivably, larger banks should be able to fund large infrastructure projects individually. The existence of larger Nepali banks could also make it easier for them to branch into India. Bigger Nepali banks will be able to compete with foreign banks better on Nepali soil.
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Alam, Md Kausar, Muhammad Shahin Miah, Md Naim Siddiquii, and Mohammad Imtiaz Hossain. "The influences of board of directors and management in Shariah governance guidelines of the Islamic banks in Bangladesh." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 9 (February 27, 2020): 1633–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-08-2019-0155.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of board of directors (BODs) and management in the decision-making of Shariah supervisory board (SSB) and implementation of their decisions. Design/methodology/approach The paper implements qualitative case research to explore the influences of BODs and management in the context of Bangladesh. To accomplish the research objective, we collected data from the 17 respondents from the regulators, Shariah supervisory boards, Shariah department executives and Shariah experts from the central bank and Islamic banks of Bangladesh. Findings This study found that management of Islamic banks indirectly influences the practices and functions of SSB, their decision-making and other activities. However, from either ethical or moral ground, management cannot influence SSB; management does not have legitimate power to control over their activities. Sometimes the BODs and management use the SSB and Shariah executives as a showcase and rubber stamp to accomplish their goals and to maximize profit in either partially or fully. Management assumes that Shariah officers are accomplishing and minimizing their income and hindering business functions without any contributions. Research limitations/implications The study significantly contributed to the national and global regulatory bodies by providing suggestions that regulatory bodies should be more concerned with the independence of SSB and Shariah executive officers. Besides, the BODs and management should be careful in handling Shariah issues as they were committed to do Islamic banking as per Shariah law. The study has theoretical contributions regarding the stakeholder and legitimacy theories. Originality/value This is the first research which extends the literature of the Islamic banking and Shariah governance mechanisms in perspective of Bangladesh concerning the influence of BODs and management in the decision-making of SSB and implementation of their decisions.
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Musa, Muhammad Adli, Mohd Edil Abd Sukor, Mohd Nazari Ismail, and Muhd Ramadhan Fitri Elias. "Islamic business ethics and practices of Islamic banks." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 11, no. 5 (January 2, 2020): 1009–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-07-2016-0080.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the perception of Islamic bank employees in Malaysia and selected Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, namely, Bahrain, Oman and the UAE, on various issues related to Islamic business ethics and the practices of the Islamic banks at which they work. Design/methodology/approach The required data to determine Islamic bank employees’ ethical perceptions is sourced from 144 completed survey questionnaires and interviews with 12 Islamic bank senior executives. Islamic model of normative business ethics is used to measure the relationship between attitudes and behaviours of employees and the ethical practices of Islamic banks. Findings Results show that the Islamic bank personnel working in Malaysia and the GCC perceived that their banks conform to Islamic ethical norms in business. These banks were seen to be concerned with their impact on society, and ethics prevailed over profit-maximisation. The findings also suggest that despite being less regulated compared to Malaysia, Islamic bank personnel in GCC had a better impression of the ethical standard practised in their institutions compared to the feedback given by their Malaysian counterparts. Additionally, this research also proves that, in general, there is a positive correlation between attitudes and behaviours of employees and the ethical practices of Islamic banks. Research limitations/implications The main limitation of the study is that the respondents were not selected randomly but rather through a convenient sampling of personal contacts. Despite the inherent limitation of the sampling method because of the constraints of time and resources, the large number of respondents from 12 different banks are representative of the Islamic bank employees in Malaysia and the GCC. Practical implications The findings may serve as a useful input for Islamic financial institutions in improving their practices to conform with Islamic ethical norms. Originality/value The topic of Islamic business ethics and the practices of Islamic banks have not been fully understood by its stakeholders. This paper aims to give insights on how far Islamic bank business practices in Muslim majority societies fit with the prescribed business framework in Islam and its contributing value for both the organization and employees.
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Okoye, Ngozi, and Juliana Siwale. "Microfinance regulation and effective corporate governance in Nigeria and Zambia." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-06-2016-0054.
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Purpose There have been various forms of regulatory intervention by the central banks of countries to streamline microfinance activities and ensure effective corporate governance of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Considering the limited amount of research in this area and the need to ensure regulatory effectiveness, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of regulatory provisions on the attainment of effective corporate governance in MFIs in Nigeria and Zambia. Design/methodology/approach Interviews were conducted with regulators at the Central Bank of Nigeria and the Bank of Zambia, directors and executive management officers of MFIs and executives of apex associations of MFIs in both countries. Findings The paper presents five significant findings which are that the regulations have enabled negative outcomes in areas such as board composition, the ownership requirements in the regulations have resulted in differing governance implications, the certification requirements for board members are problematic in practice, supervision by regulators is ineffective and has impacts on risk management and the principle of consultation with stakeholders is inadequate in both countries. Practical implications Regulatory provisions must be robust and fit for purpose to ensure the microfinance initiative in emerging economies achieves the objectives of enhancing financial inclusion and economic development of the society. Originality/value The paper addresses an area of limited research and provides empirical findings in relation to regulation and corporate governance in developing economies, which would help to ensure regulatory effectiveness.
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The Editors. "Notes from the Editors, December 2016." Monthly Review 68, no. 7 (November 30, 2016): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-068-07-2016-11_0.
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buy this issue In October 2016, the Sveriges Riksbank (Swedish Central Bank) Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel—commonly but incorrectly called the Nobel Prize in Economics—was awarded to two European-born, U.S.-based economists, Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmström, for their work on contracts related to executive pay. Hart and Holmström were lauded for having theorized what was thought to be the optimal mix of risk and incentives in pay packages for corporate executives, thereby determining the appropriate combination of basic salary, bonuses, and share options. In other words, they received the Riksbank Nobel Memorial Prize for their efforts to rationalize the exorbitant paychecks of CEOs and other corporate leaders—a direct service to big business.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
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Arora, Sangeeta, and Harpreet Kaur. "Exploring the bank selection criteria in India: scale development and validation." International Journal of Bank Marketing 37, no. 3 (May 7, 2019): 666–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-09-2017-0199.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop, measure and empirically validate a scale that captures the full dimensionality of selection attributes considered by customers when choosing a bank. Design/methodology/approach Focus group interviews were conducted and a well-structured questionnaire was designed. The validity of this scale was tested in accordance with the psychometric scale development procedure. Findings Contrary to some assertions in past literature, the results suggested service delivery and cost/price as among the most important determinants of the bank selection decisions of consumers. Practical implications The practical implications drawn from this study involve the seven constructs which could be adopted by the bank managers, advertising executives and marketing experts in providing good quality services resulting in overall higher levels of customer satisfaction. These decision makers can apply the constructs from the study to identify factors most appealing to both potential and existing customers and build up effective marketing strategies to attract new customers and retain existing ones. Originality/value This research paper signifies the leading studies for advancing a validated tool to measure the customers’ selection decisions for banks. As a result, this valid and reliable scale would bring standardization to research conducted in the field of bank selection attributes.
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Bhaskaran, Bala. "Chanda Kochhar at ICICI bank: lessons in governance." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 1 (April 8, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-03-2020-0076.
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Learning outcomes After a successful discussion and analysis of the case, the participants will be able to distinguish and appreciate the situations of conflict of interest (COI), whistle-blowing, etc. Initiate appropriate methods to avoid/minimize the impact of COI and ensure justice and fair-play to all stake-holders. Identify and appreciate the work-context of each executive-position and initiate standard operating procedures to protect the interests of the enterprise and all its stakeholders. Appreciate the relevance of whistle-blowing and to initiate appropriate methods to ensure justice and fair-play to all stake-holders. Case overview/synopsis In the context of the Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI)-bank, the systemic inadequacies seemed to have failed in preventing the incidences of COI. The organization was too centralized to be able to respond proactively to the allegations. The case lays bare the inadequacy of professionalism among the media in responding promptly to such instances. The case generalizes that, with increasing globalization, such incidences have global ramifications and the organizations face much greater risks than ever. The case concludes that to emerge as a mature and leading organization in the global market, ICICI-bank needed to strengthen various aspects of corporate governance; similarly to emerge as a developed economy, India needed to develop independent watchdogs to monitor the activities of corporations continuously. Media needed to be independent and mature to fulfil its duty of continuous and transparent communication to the public. Complexity academic level The case can be understood and analysed by management students in the post-graduate level or by working executives with at least four to five years of experience in the corporate sector. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 11: Strategy.
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El-Ansary, Osama, and Mohamed M. Rashwan. "Introducing financial inclusion to MENA Islamic-banks profitability determinants." Corporate Ownership and Control 18, no. 1, Special Issue (2020): 242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv18i1siart2.
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This paper assesses Islamic banks (IBs) profitability determinants by investigating bank-specific, macroeconomic, and financial inclusion variables in MENA. Data is collected from Zawya, Bankscope, The Banker, Global Findex and World Bank databases covering 73 IBs from 2008-2017. ROA and ROE are deployed as IBs’ profitability term with new predictor variables assessing financial inclusion: overall financial structure, financial service penetration, and self-service banking prevalence. Common bank-specific variables are employed that include; credit risk, liquidity, size, capital adequacy, the effect of income fees and charges, and operating costs with other macroeconomic variables; GDP, inflation, and the average world governance indicator (WGI). A dynamic panel data is applied using a GMM model. Both ROA and ROE have almost the same significant relationship with credit risk, size, capital adequacy, and effect of income fees and charges but no significance was established with Basel capital adequacy. The same significant relationship between ROA and ROE is validated with only WGI as a macroeconomic variable and self-service banking prevalence as a financial inclusion indicator. Guiding IBs executives to improve bank profitability by utilizing macroeconomic and financial inclusion factors. Results may imply the importance of new products and alternative channel development in enhancing IBs’ profitability. Few studies are found measuring the effect of bank-specific, macroeconomic, and financial inclusion variables. Thus, this paper contributes to the existing literature by introducing other dynamics affecting IBs’ profitability