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1

Lajnert, Siniša. "Prilog poznavanju historijata Balkanske banke d.d. Zagreb (1922.-1925./1948.)." Arhivski vjesnik 63 (December 10, 2020): 207–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36506/av.63.8.

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U članku se daje prilog poznavanju povijesti Balkanske banke d.d. Zagreb od njezina osnutka (1922.) pa sve do formalnoga završetka njezine likvidacije (1948.). Poslovanje banke razvijalo se je u početku izuzetno povoljno. U kolovozu 1922. predsjednik banke Dušan Plavšić pozvan je na dužnost pomoćnika ministra financija. Kako je vlada kojoj je Plavšić pripadao u prosincu 1922. dala ostavku, uslijed tadašnjih političkih prilika nastala je novinska kampanja koja je bila uperena i protiv Balkanske banke. Time je taj slučaj dobio i čisto političku konotaciju. Tada je počela propast Balkanske banke. Kontinuiranim napadima novoga ministra financija, radikala Milana Stojadinovića, na Dušana Plavšića, novinskom kampanjom protiv Plavšića i Balkanske banke te katastrofalno izvedenim devizno-čekovnim transakcijama, cjelokupno poslovanje Balkanske banke došlo je u vrlo tešku financijsku situaciju. Krajem 1924. banci je odobrena prinudna nagodba. Na temelju te nagodbe banka je na svojoj izvanrednoj glavnoj skupštini 1925. zaključila likvidaciju. Banka je pravno postojala sve do 1948., kada je nakon praktično formalizirane likvidacije brisana iz trgovačkoga registra Okružnoga suda za grad Zagreb.
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2

Lajnert, Siniša. "Trgovačka banka d.d. Zagreb (1912-1948)." Arhivski vjesnik 62 (December 18, 2019): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.36506/av.62.8.

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Rad obrađuje ustroj, poslovanje i likvidaciju Trgovačke banke d.d. Zagreb u vremenskom periodu od godine 1912., kada je zavod osnovan pod nazivom Bankovno komanditno društvo I. Kreutzer i drug u Zagrebu. Pretvorbu zavoda u dioničko društvo naziva Banka I. Kreutzer d.d. u Zagrebu godine 1920., ponovnu promjenu naziva tvrtke u Trgovačka banka d.d. godine 1938., pa sve do godine 1948., kada je završena njezina likvidacija. U vrijeme velike svjetske ekonomske krize glavni cilj i poslovno načelo rukovodstva banke bila je puna likvidnost zavoda, tako da je banka poslovala s financijskim dobitkom. U svibnju i lipnju 1941. zaplijenila je i oduzela Državna riznica Nezavisne Države Hrvatske (NDH) sve dionice Trgovačke banke koje su bile registrirane na Židove. Na taj način NDH je došla do većinskoga paketa dionica banke, pa je u zavodu postavila svojega nadzornog povjerenika. Nakon što je u studenom 1941. Tomo Kostopeč, poslovni prijatelj pravih dioničara banke židovske vjeroispovijesti za njihov račun otkupio od NDH dionice zavoda, razriješen je dužnosti postavljeni povjerenik pa je Trgovačka banka mogla nastaviti s radom. Nakon što je u ratu banka izgubila cijeli predratni dobitak, banka je 1946. ušla u postupak likvidacije, koji je završen 1948. godine.
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3

Jovićević, Predrag, Zdravko Šarenac, and Snežana Krstić. "Monetarna analiza karakteristika Evropske centralne banke i Narodne banke Srbije." Vojno delo 71, no. 6 (2019): 284–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/vojdelo1906284j.

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4

Kadijević, Aleksandar. "Podružnica Narodne banke Jugoslavije (1935.-1936.) u Dubrovniku arhitekta Bogdana Nestorovića." Prostor 27, no. 2 (58) (December 23, 2019): 208–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.27.2(58).2.

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Članak analizira podružnicu Narodne banke izgrađenu 1935.-1936. na dubrovačkim Pilama. Promatra se u kontekstu međuratne arhitekture Dubrovnika, Jugoslavije i opusa Bogdana Nestorovića za Narodnu banku. Povremeno komentirana u znanstvenoj historiografiji, ova reprezentativna palača zaslužuje podrobniji monografski osvrt.
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5

Prodanović, Vladimir. "Uloga Banke na Tržištu Hartija od Vrednosti / Function of Banks on the Securities Market." ECONOMICS 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eoik-2015-0007.

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Rezime U radu se tretira problematika u vezi sa tržištem investicionih hartija od vrednosti, a u funkciji uloge banaka u tom procesu. Naglasak se stavlja na iskustva razvijenih zemalja, a posebno SAD. Poslednjih godina, banke i druge deponentne institucije pokazuju tendenciju da prihvate veći rizik i složenije investicije u svom portfelju. Pojavili su se novi instrumenti čija je svrha više od jednostavnog obezbeđivanja likvidnosti i prihoda, a, posebno, u slučajevima slabe potražnje zajmova. Banke i druge institucije-zajmodavci bave se zamenom portfelja svojih investicionih hartija od vrednosti imajući u vidu kako poreze tako i veće prihode.
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6

Dobrojević, Goran, and Davor Jagodić. "Banke – specifikum financijske intermedijacije." Zbornik Veleučilišta u Rijeci 6, no. 1 (2018): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31784/zvr.6.1.12.

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The global financial crisis has given some troubled banks at that time a frequently used epithet “too-big-tofail”, which tells how those banks became of systemic importance and their failure meant a real danger of the entire financial system collapsing so governments were saving them from bankruptcy with public money. This paper seeks the answer to the question whether there is something that banks can do which is not possible on the capital market? Is such attention paid to banks justified by their really special nature and do they actually perform some unique functions for which they cannot be replaced by other types of financial intermediaries? This article presents an overview of the research into whether banks are characterized by some specific features versus all other types of intermediaries. The results of the research show that banks have a specific position because of the services they provide - they facilitate payment transactions; they are a source of liquidity to all other economic entities and the channel of the monetary transmission mechanism; they improve efficiency of savings allocation through the transformation of maturity, risk and size of capital, thus affecting the formation of the cost of capital; they participate in the creation of money, etc. At the end of this paper, it is concluded that the specialty of banks cannot be substituted by bonds on the capital market, but the possible replacement of existing money with its digital form and the introduction of the direct monetary transmission mechanism could change the bank’s special status in the financial system.
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7

Šabović, Šerif. "STRATEGIJA UPRAVLJANJA LIKVIDNOŠĆU BANKE." SOCIOECONOMICA 4, no. 7 (June 30, 2015): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12803/sjseco.4711215.

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8

Jović, Aleksandar, and Đorđe Ćosić. "UPRAVLJANJE OPERATIVNIM RIZIKOM." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 34, no. 07 (July 1, 2019): 1287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/03gi06jovic.

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U poslovnom okruženju današnjice, sve banke imaju sektor za upravljanje rizicima. Ovakav vid organizovanja banke, omogućava da se na najbolji način smanji rizik od loših plasmana kredita, te da se iskoriste potencijali zaposlenih i istovremeno realizuju svi ostali ciljevi. Rad će prikazati osnovne faktore koji utiču na uspešnost poslovanja, kao i na povećanje profitabilnosti banke.
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9

Kovjanić, Milorad, and Predrag Vukadinović. "Intellectual capital as a strategic performance with a focus on banks." Bankarstvo 50, no. 1 (2021): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bankarstvo2101090k.

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Intellectual capital is of great value to profit-oriented organizations today. In the modern environment, the issue of strategic advantage is inseparable from the consideration of the issue of intellectual capital, bearing in mind that intellectual capital is a generator of economic value. In order for banks, as modern profit-oriented organizations, to achieve target performance, they need to know what their competitive advantage is, and to identify the necessary capacities and resources for sustainable business. The role of intellectual capital is crucial when it comes to the performances of modern banks, given the dynamic competitive environment in which they operate today. However, regardless of that, the literature that focuses precisely on the settings of these financial organizations is insufficiently represented and fragmented. This research, based on the application of the content analysis method, provides a structured review of the literature on the specifics of managing intellectual capital in banks. Further research could analyse the impact of intellectual capital on the performances of banks operating in the Republic of Serbia.
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10

Kovač, Milena. "INVESTIRANJE U FUNKCIJI RASTA I RAZVOJA PREDUZEĆA." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 35, no. 08 (July 30, 2020): 1418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/08gi11kovac.

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U radu je prikazana analiza investiranja u funkciji rasta i razvoja preduzeća. Koristile su se strategije upravljanja portfoliom – aktivna i pasivna strategija, te je objašnjen njihov značaj kroz analizu portfolija akcija Komercijalne banke a.d. Beograd i Zagrebačke banke dd. Zagreb.
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11

Trećakov, Petar. "PROCES RAZMENE PODATAKA TOKOM INTEGRACIJE INFORMACIONIH SISTEMA DVE BANKE." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 35, no. 12 (December 8, 2020): 2272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/10oi01trecakov.

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U radu je prikazan proces razmene podataka tokom procesa integracije informacionih sistema Vojvođanske banke i OTP banke. Prikazana su teorijska razmatranja i ključni pojmovi vezani za migraciju poda­taka i ETL. Opisane su i prikazane metodologije i alati koji su korišćeni pri migraciji podataka – MSSQL, SSIS i Winforms.
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12

Slakoper, Zvonimir, and Marko Perkušić. "Odgovornost banke za provođenje elektroničkog plaćanja." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci 37, no. 1 (2016): 467–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.30925/zpfsr.37.1.17.

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Odgovornost banke za provođenje elektroničkog plaćanja u ovom se radu obrađuje imajući u vidu da suvremena plaćanja redovito podrazumijevaju (1) više radnji koje se obavljaju uz uporabu elektroničkih komunikacijskih sredstava – pa je umjesno govoriti o provođenju plaćanja, umjesto o pla- ćanju – (2) postojanje pravnih odnosa između platitelja i prve banke i pri- matelja plaćanja i druge banke, (3) radnje koje poduzimaju obje banke, i (4) primjenu Zakona o platnom prometu. S obzirom na posljednju okolnost i činjenicu da Zakon o platnom prometu rabi složenu i za hrvatski pravni jezik netipičnu terminologiju u prvom dijelu rada daju se jezična objašnjenja i ta terminologija usklađuje s postojećim pravnim standardima i nastoji uklopiti u te standarde. U ovom dijelu rada također se objašnjavaju činjenična pitanja - u vezi s elektroničkim komunikacijskim sredstvima koja se rabe pri plaćanjima – nužna za pravnu kvalifikaciju radnji koje se poduzimaju pri plaćanjima i pravnih odnosa koji postoje ili nastaju. Za razumijevanje odgovornosti odnosno pravnih posljedica bilo je potrebno izložiti i sadržaj bančinih obveza, a u središnjem dijelu rada izlažu se moguće pravne posljedice bančina nesipunjenja, zakašnjenja i neurednog ispunjenja obveza. U tom dijelu prika- zuju se i analiziraju pravne posljedice predviđene Zakonom o platnom prometu – kao specijalnog propisa koji ih uređuje samo djelomično – i povezuju se, uklapaju i promatraju u kontekstu općih pravila ugovornog prava Zakona o obveznim odnosima.
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13

ROBINSON, ERIC. "Geological monuments on the South Banke." Geology Today 14, no. 5 (October 1998): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2451.1998.00006.x.

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14

Topić, Anamarija. "Palača Slavenske banke u Vlaškoj ulici u Zagrebu." Peristil 63, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17685/peristil.63.11.

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U članku je obrađena palača Slavenske banke na križanju Vlaške i Draškovićeve ulice u Zagrebu. Palača je izgrađena između 1921. i 1923. godine prema projektu arhitekta Huga Ehrlicha, u stilu međuratnog klasicizma. Istraživanje se temelji na sačuvanom arhivskom gradivu, člancima iz dnevnog tiska iz doba gradnje, građevinskim nacrtima, starim fotografijama te relevantnoj stručnoj literaturi. Rezultati istraživanja omogućuju uvid u tijek gradnje i opremanja poslovno-stambene zgrade Slavenske banke.
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15

Dietz, Rune, Erik W. Born, Robert EA Stewart, Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen, Harry Stern, Frank Rigét, Leif Toudal, Clement Lanthier, Mikkel Villum Jensen, and Jonas Teilmann. "Movements of walruses (Odobenus rosmarus) between Central West Greenland and Southeast Baffin Island, 2005-2008." NAMMCO Scientific Publications 9 (December 15, 2014): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/3.2605.

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Between 2005 and 2008, 31 walruses were tagged with Argos satellite transmitters at their wintering grounds at Store Hellefiske Banke, Central West Greenland (N=23), and at their summering grounds off the coast of Southeast Baffin Island, Canada (N=8). Two male walruses moved along the Greenland coast from Store Hellefiske Banke north to Disko Banke, where contact was lost. Two other males went further north, up to the Upernavik area. Contact was lost with one of these tags, but the other animal travelled southward again and went towards SE Baffin Island. Eight of the tagged walruses moved between West Greenland and Baffin Island, demonstrating a connection between walruses at these sites. Walruses left the Store Hellefiske Banke during the period 7 April to 17 May and on average used 7 days to swim the 400 km across Davis Strait. The migration routes were quite similar; they travelled over the shallowest areas at the narrowest part of the strait. The timing of the spring dispersal and migration towards Canada was closely linked to the extent and timing of the retreat of the pack ice edge. One flipper tagged male that was marked off South Baffin Island was recovered in a hunt on Store Hellefiske Banke, documenting that the reverse migration also occurs. Off West Greenland satellite tagged walruses spent a lot of time around the Store Hellefiske Banke (55.0o-56.5o W), using this shallow area as feeding grounds irrespective of the ice cover in this area. Partial sexual segregation was observed. Despite a tendency in West Greenland for males to occur farther offshore, farther from the ice edge and at greater depths, only their preference for denser ice cover (64% ice cover) differed significantly (P=0.019) from the habitat preferences of females (52% ice cover). Coast dispersal was more condensed and the segregation between males and females was more pronounced during autumn along the Southeast Baffin Island. Females remained farther north (P<0.001) and farther east (P=0.006), and males were more often located offshore in areas with greater water depths (P=0.024). Males had also had larger home range than females during both seasons.
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16

Gilson, J. P. "The Library of Henry Savile, of Banke." Library TBS-9, no. 1 (January 20, 2010): 127–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/libraj/tbs-9.1.127.

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17

Bračun, Sanja, and Krešimir Turkalj. "Utjecaj Fin-Tech kompanija na digitalnu transformaciju bankarstva u Hrvatskoj." Obrazovanje za poduzetništvo - E4E 10, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 78–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.38190/ope.10.2.3.

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Digitalna transformacija financijskog sektora na globalnom tržištu snažno napreduje. Fin-Tech kompanije sve više konkuriraju ili čak u potpunosti zaobilaze postojeći financijski sektor, primarno banke. Taj trend vidljiv je i u Republici Hrvatskoj, gdje se sve više pojavljuju nova poduzeća i njihovi inovativni financijski proizvodi. U cilju provjere spremnosti hrvatskih banaka na digitalnu transformaciju te implementaciju novih proizvoda i usluga, kroz provedeno kvalitativno istraživanje (intervjui s deset relevantnih sugovornika iz područja bankarstva i Fin-Tech kompanija) provjeren je utjecaj Fin-Tech kompanija koji su van bankarskog sektora, na sam bankarski sustav. Dodatna je pozornost tijekom istraživanja posvećena procjeni jesu li banke i Fin-Tech kompanije na hrvatskom tržištu prepoznale aktualne potrebe svojih klijenata, koliko im se dobro prilagođavaju te mogu li banke i dalje biti lideri u digitalnoj transformaciji Republike Hrvatske. Što se tiče prilagođavanja potrebama klijenata, manji dio sudionika istraživanja smatra kako će se portfelj usluga banaka tek nadopunjavati novim proizvodima i uslugama, dok ipak veći dio sudionika istraživanja smatra kako će u idućih 5 godina, postojeće prvenstveno platno prometne usluge banaka i kartičarskih kuća biti zamijenjene posve novim poslovnim modelima. Predstavnici banaka uočavaju jak utjecaj Fin-Tech kompanija na globalnom tržištu, no smatraju da u Republici Hrvatskoj oni ipak imaju manji utjecaj. Također, smatraju da se banke generalno dobro prilagođavaju novoj situaciji te da će i dalje ostati lideri digitalne transformacije. Tu poziciju zadržat će prvenstveno zbog svoje veličine i količine kapitala kojom raspolažu u procesu izgradnje percepcije sigurnosti svog poslovanja koja je hrvatskim korisnicima i dalje iznimno bitna. Na temelju rezultata provedenog istraživanja dane su preporuke daljnjih aktivnosti vezenih uz digitalnu transformaciju, koje bi banke trebale provesti u cilju zadržavanja vodeće pozicije na hrvatskom tržištu financijskih usluga.
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Rapajić, Milan, and Predrag Dimitrijević. "Legal nature of the National bank in the capacity of the administrator: Central banking, position and legal character of the National bank." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta Nis 57, no. 81 (2018): 187–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfni1881187r.

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Nešić, Branko. "IMPORTANCE OF EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK MONETARY POLICY." FBIM Transactions 5, no. 2 (July 15, 2017): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.12709/fbim.05.05.02.10.

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Mijatović, Boško. "Novčano kreditni poslovi Narodne banke Srbije 1914-1915." Istorija 20. veka 35, no. 2/2017 (August 1, 2017): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.29362/ist20veka.2017.2.mij.39-58.

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21

Zorko Mencin, Darja. "Znanje je naložba v prihodnost. Primer SKB banke." Andragoška spoznanja 9, no. 3 (December 1, 2003): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.9.3.42-46.

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22

Samodol, Ante. "Mirovinske reforme kao trajno globalno pitanje i dizajniranje mirovinskog sustava." Međunarodne studije 20, no. 1-2 (December 7, 2020): 73–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46672/ms.20.1-2.4.

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Cilj je ovoga rada povezivanje stvarnih fiskalnih uvjeta i rezultata provedbe mirovinske reforme po modelu Svjetske banke u Hrvatskoj u razdoblju 2002. – 2019. Od 2002. hrvatski mirovinski sustav počiva na trima stupovima: međugeneracijska solidarnost (prvi), obvezni mirovinski fondovi (drugi) i dobrovoljni mirovinski fondovi (treći). Kao ključni razlozi provođenja mirovinske reforme navodili su se fiskalni i demografski razlozi. Trenutačni rezultati pokazuju da se stanje mirovinskog sustava pogoršalo u odnosu na razdoblje prije reforme. Mirovinski izdaci u prvome stupu kontinuirano rastu i nadmašuju prihode, što se pokriva transferima iz proračuna. Tranzicijski trošak zbog drugog stupa raste, opterećuje javne financije i veći je nekoliko puta od prinosa obveznih fondova. Ne postoje permanentni izvori za pokriće tranzicijskog troška. Formalno, privatna imovina na privatnim računima članova koristi se kao državna imovina. Vlade jednom koriste imovinu fondova za financiranje proračunskog deficita dopuštajući nekim članovima prijenos imovine i prijelaz iz drugog stupa u prvi stup. Sljedeći put se na dogovorenim aukcijama središnje banke kupuju državne obveznice iz imovine fondova radi kupnje novih izdanja središnje države. Treći put, središnja banka u dogovoru s vladom kreditira mirovinske fondove koji onda kupuju državne obveznice, stvarajući financijski vrtlog helikopterskog novca. Dok deficit prvog stupa i tranzicijski trošak drugog stupa kontinuirano rastu, dotle je dugoročno dizajniranje fiskalne i ekonomske održivosti mirovinskog sustava samo podređeni cilj u odnosu na kratkoročne političke ciljeve. Je li vrijeme za re-reformu?
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Krstić, Snežana. "Significance of the Central bank as an institution for the national economy." Oditor - casopis za Menadzment, finansije i pravo, no. 3 (2016): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/oditor1602018k.

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Mihajlovic Babic, Suzana. "BANKE HRANE – NEUSPEH DRŽAVE BLAGOSTANjA ILI ČIN MILOSRĐA CIVILNOG SEKTORA?" Socijalna politika, no. 1/2021 (July 23, 2021): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/sp.12021.2.

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Tradicionalno, sistemi socijalne sigurnosti pokrivaju rizik od siromaštva, odnosno rizik od nemogućnosti zadovoljavanja osnovnih potreba u datom društvu. Uprkos tome, siromaštvo i socijalno isključivanje su u različitoj meri i dalje rasprostranjeni u svim državama Evrope, manifestujući se u pojavi gladi, siromašne i nesigurne ishrane. Predmet rada su banke hrane, organizacije civilnog društva koje u poslednjih nekoliko decenija zauzimaju značajno mesto u odgovoru na navedene rizike. Ciljevi rada su opis i analiza karakteristika banaka hrane u procesima upravljanja i distribucije viškovima hrane, kao i analiza pozitivnih i negativnih implikacija ovakve redistribucije viškova hrane siromašnima. Istraživačko pitanje je: da li i na koji način banke hrane utiču na smanjenje redistributivne uloge država blagostanja prema siromašnim građanima? U radu je primenjena analiza sadržaja dokumenata, dok rezultati ove analize ukazuju na dvojake zaključke. Sa jedne strane, banke hrane predstavljaju inovativni način zadovoljavanja socijalnih, ekonomskih i političkih potreba i interesa gde svi akteri ostvaruju korist, dok sa druge strane postoji bojazan da države blagostanja smanjuju programe usmerene prema siromašnima, između ostalog, i zbog narastajućih aktivnosti izvandržavne podrške. Zaključak je da država, u sveprisutnijem promennjivom odnosu sa tržištem i civilnim sektorom u redistribuciji hrane, treba da zadrži ulogu direktnog pružaoca širokog skupa naknada i usluga siromašnima.
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Khanal, Bhaiya. "Diversity and Status of Butterflies in Lowland Districts of West Nepal." Journal of Natural History Museum 23 (June 5, 2009): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhm.v23i0.1846.

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This paper is an outcome of the studies made in four districts (Dangdeukhuri, Banke, Bardia and Surkhet) of western Terai in different months of various years. Altogether 85 species categorized into 64 genera and 10 families have been reported with their status categories based on national status list. The process of urbanization has altered valuable natural habitats of many of the rare species especially in Banke and Dangdeukhuri districts. Monitoring process under the established regulation and thorough investigations in many unexplored areas of this region have been felt essential so to design suitable conservation measures to butterflies of this region.Key words: Biodiversity; western terai; butterflies; unexplored; habitatsJournal of Natural History Museum Vol. 23, 2008 Page 92-97
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Pokhrel, Diksha, Ishab Poudel, Rabin Raut, Sitaram Aryal, and Krishna Acharya. "Sero-prevalence of Influenza a Antibodies in Pigs of Bhaktapur, Kavre and Banke Districts of Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v6i2.20416.

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Pigs play a key role in inter-species transmission of influenza virus, because they have receptors to both avian and human influenza viral strains. A study was conducted in three different districts namely Bhaktapur, Kavre and Banke with face to face type of questionnaire survey and serum sample collection. Indirect Enzyme Linked Immunoassay was utilized for the collected 231 samples for serologic evidence of influenza A. Of the total 231 samples tested, 11 were positive for Influenza virus A with an overall sero-prevalence of (4.76%; Cl95%: 2.68-8.324) Kavre district had highest (5.88%; Cl95%: 2.539-13.04) sero-prevalence, followed by Bhaktapur (5.13%; Cl95%: 2.012-12.46) and Banke (2.94%; Cl95%; 0.8104-10.1) with no significant difference (p=0.685). Rearing swine along with poultry was the most significant risk factor (p=0.03); all positive cases were from the farms that adopted integrated farming system with little to no bio-security measures, especially poultry and swine. Present finding depicts that Influenza A is prevalent in pig farms of Kavre, Banke and Bhaktapur. Further research is needed to sub-type the influenza virus and also determine the effect of commercial poultry and migratory birds on the outbreak of influenza A in swine. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 122-126
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Budimir, Nemanja. "Islamsko bankarstvo i modeli financiranja u poslovanju islamske banke." Oeconomica Jadertina 6, no. 2 (November 12, 2017): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/oec.1344.

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Islamic banking is now a widespread notion in both Islamic countries and the West. It denotes a bank form and finances that seek to provide services to clients without interest. Proponents of Islamic banking say that the main objective is the "fish", which is prohibited by Islamic law. This attitude toward interest contributed to the unification of several Islamic schools, with the aim of finding ways for the development of an alternative banking system that would be compatible with the rules of Islamic Laws, and in particular to the rules relating to the prohibition of interest. Since the mid-1970s, the number of Islamic banks is on the rise. Islamic banks are not only based in countries where Islam is the prevalent religion, such as Egypt, Jordan, Sudan, Bahrain, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Tunisia, Mauritania and Malaysia, but also in countries such as the UK, Germany and the Philippines where Islam is a minority religion. The International Islamic Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, whose shareholders are members of the Islamic Conference Organization are acting as sponsors for Islamic banking and finance throughout the Islamic world.
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Ljumović, Isidora, Marko Kojović, and Vladan Pavlović. "Entrepreneurial finance in Serbia: The role of the World Bank Group." Megatrend revija 15, no. 3 (2018): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/megrev1801035l.

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Marjanović, Nataša, Jovan Prelić, and Jelena Belokapić-Čavkunović. "The role of the National Bank of Serbia in regulation of monetary policy." Oditor - casopis za Menadzment, finansije i pravo 3, no. 3 (2017): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/oditor1703073m.

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Veličković, Jelena, and Jasminka Đuričanin. "The role and importance of product in the marketing concept of bank." Bizinfo Blace 11, no. 2 (2020): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bizinfo2002093v.

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Strategic maneuvering of the product, price, distribution, and promotion, as elements of supply, is the essence of the marketing concept of modern banking. The occurrence and development of the global network have radically changed all elements of the marketing mix. By establishing a product range and with dynamic management of the changes in its structure, banks are consolidating their possibilities with clients' needs. They are trying to offer as rich and readily available product range as can be achieved. They are aiming to adapt the supply in relation to the demands of existing and potential users as much as possible. The supply often exceeds demand. Therefore, they try to never make decisions regarding the adjustment of the product without cooperating with the clients. Availability of different adjustable and competitive banking products established by the usage of information technologies is becoming the foundation of banking. Focusing on the client, well-rounded high-quality product supply, as well as constant innovations, represent the key factors of banks' business success.
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Potežica, Olivera. "POLOŽAJ ISLAMSKE BANKE ZA RAZVOJ U STRUKTURI ORGANIZACIJE ISLAMSKE KONFERENCIJE." Nacionalni interes 4, no. 1-3 (2008): 183–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/ni.412008.9.

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32

Roy, Roshan Kumar, Deepak Kumar Roy, Sabal Ghimire, and Aayush Bist. "Knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among Armed Police Force – Banke, Nepal." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v7i4.23323.

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Background: A global pandemic threat HIV/AIDS is a matter of concern for developing countries like Nepal. The first case was identified in July 1988 and later became epidemic and then concentrated epidemic among risk group for HIV. Several studies reflected that HIV is associated with many factors among which literacy rate and socio-economic conditions hold the highest rank. Armed Police Force of Nepal are generally with less educational background and very few with higher educational status are at higher level. Thus knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among this group needs to be assessed. Objectives: The overall objective of our study was to assess knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS among Armed Police Force in Banke, Nepal. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study with population size of 295 Armed Police Force was performed which covered the entire population of an Armed Police Force camp in Banke starting from 18th June to 27th July, 2018. A pretested questionnaire containing structural, semi-structural and open ended questions were made as data collection tool. All the soldiers in Armed Police Force camp were interviewed after receiving consent as an ethical clearance. Results: All 295 armed police forces of our study were aware about HIV/AIDS mainly via mass media (83%). One hundred and fifty eight respondents still did not know about availability of its treatment. Misconception about its complete cure and vaccination was seen in 23 (7.79%) and 61 (20.67%) respondents respectively. Two hundred and one respondents were found knowing about the free health services by government. 287 (97.28%) respondents knew certain things about prevention. Twenty four respondents admitted of having multiple sex partners and only 19 (79.16%) among them used preventive measure. Conclusion: Though all the respondents of our study had known about HIV/AIDS, still they had misconception regarding its treatment and prevention. Many respondents did not even know about the free health services of government. Few of them still do not use any preventive measure.
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Acharya, Lal Mani, and Ram Krishna Maharjan. "Instructional Facilities in Secondary Level School of Banke District, Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 4, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v4i2.19542.

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Talking about the instructional facilities indicates the facilities available for the classroom teaching and learning of students. This is the age of modern technology so students want to learn with new tools and techniques. In this context, school should be aware on the management of such basic facilities in school. The aim of this study is to identify the instructional facilities in secondary level school of Banke district of Nepal. The study was based on the descriptive and exploratory research design. In total 674 students from public and private secondary schools were selected for the study. Structure questionnaire survey was done to collect the data. The result shows that comparatively, the instructional facilities were better in private school than the public school. Private school had managed the computer aided teaching system, separate computer and science lab better than the public school. Considering the better result in final exam, private school has managed the additional coaching class for their students than the public school. Public schools are service oriented supported by Nepal Government so government should be responsible to improve the quality of teaching, learning and infrastructure development as the demand of modern teaching system.
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Gupta, Sharmila, and A. K. Kapoor. "Detection of Hemoglobin D in Tharu Community of Banke, Nepal." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 14, no. 1 (June 13, 2017): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v14i1.17490.

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Background: Patients presenting with microcytic anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, abnormal hemoglobin level in electrophoresis and negative sickling test should have high suspicion for HbD disease. This occurrence is more in certain communities. While investigating the etiopathogenesis of subjects with microcytic anemia (n=30), we came across 3 patients with HbD disease.Aim: Present study describes the clinical and hematological findings of 3 patients.Material and Methods: This was an observational study conducted between August, 2014 to July, 2015 in Department of Pathology of Nepalgunj Medical College. Of 30 patients diagnosed as microcytic anemia, 3 patients were selected.Results : The patients belonged to Tharu Chaudhary community of Banke district of Nepal. Age of the patients ranged from 8 to 13 years. All the patients had generalized pallor. Two of 3 patients had fever, joint pains and jaundice. One of the patients had hepatosplenomegaly. Total hemoglobin ranged from 7.1 to 8.4 gm/dl. Patients had microcytic anemia. Sickling test was negative in all the 3 patients. Hemoglobin (Hb) electrophoresis revealed peaks in HbS region. Due to negativity of sickling test, the abnormal hemoglobin peak was interpreted as HbD. Thus, 2 patients had homozygous HbD disease while another patient had heterozygous HbD trait.JNGMC Vol. 14 No. 1 July 2016
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Krivić, Milana, and Slavka Nikolić. "STRATEŠKO UPRAVLJANJE ONLAJN MARKETING AKTIVNOSTIMA U BANKARSKOM SEKTORU." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 34, no. 02 (January 28, 2019): 310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/01gi04krivic.

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Ovaj rad sastoji se od pet delova, koji čine celinu. Prvi deo se sastoji od standardnog, uvodnog dela, u kojem su opisani problemi predmeta istraživanja, postavljeni ciljevi rada i metode korišćene u izradi rada. Drugi deo rada prikazuje osnovu marketinga usluga. U ovom delu detaljno je objašnjen marketing miks. Takođe, posebno je akcentovana marketing strategija, kroz osnovne aktivnosti svakog strateškog upravljanja, analizu, planiranje, primenu i kontrolu, kao i deo koji se odnosi na tržišno pozicioniranje u kontekstu tržišta bankarskih usluga. U trećem delu definisan je marketing društvenih mreža (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter itd.), njegove prednosti i nedostaci. Četvrti deo govori o samoj OTP banci, njenom nastanku, udruživanju sa drugim bankama i glavnim poslovnicima. Peti deo obuhvata zaključak, gde su obrazložene pozitivne i negativne strane celokupnog marketinga i zadovoljstvo korisnika uslugama OTP banke, prikazano kroz javne prepiske između banke i korisnika na društvenim mrežama. radova.
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Gairhe, Janma Jaya, Mandeep Adhikari, Deepak Ghimire, Arun Khatri-Chhetri, and Dinesh Panday. "Intervention of Climate-Smart Practices in Wheat under Rice-Wheat Cropping System in Nepal." Climate 9, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli9020019.

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Besides a proper agronomic management followed by Nepalese farmers, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production has been severely affected by changing climate. There are many interventions, including climate-smart practices, to cope with this situation and possibly enhance crop and soil productivity. Field experiments were set up in a randomized complete block design with six treatments (TRT) with four replications in three locations (LOC) during wheat-growing seasons in Nepal from 2014 to 2016. Treatments included (i) Controlled Practice (CP), (ii) Improved Low (IL), (iii) Improved High (IH), (iv) Climate Smart Agriculture Low (CSAL), (v) Climate Smart Agriculture Medium (CSAM), and (vi) Climate Smart Agriculture High (CSAH), whereas those LOC were Banke, Rupandehi and Morang districts. There was a significant main effect of TRT and LOC on grain yield and a significant interactionn effect of TRT × LOC on biomass yield in 2014–2015. About 55.5% additional grain yield was produced from CSAM treatment compared to CP in 2014–2015. Among locations, grain yield was the highest in Banke (3772.35 kg ha−1) followed by Rupandehi (2504.47 kg ha−1) and Morang districts (2504.47 kg ha−1). In 2015–2016, there was a significant interaction effect of TRT × LOC on grain and biomass yields. The highest grain yield was produced from CSAH treatment in Banke district in 2015–2016. Overall, grain yield and other parameters showed a better response with either of the climate-smart interventions (mostly CSAH or CSAM) despite variability in geography, climate, and other environmental factors indicating the potential of climate-smart practices to improve wheat production in southern plains of Nepal.
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Khanal, Arjun, Punya Prasad Regmi, Gopal Bahadur KC, Dilli Bahadur KC, and Kishor Chandra Dahal. "Cost Effective Strategy to Disseminate IPM Technology: A Case of Banke and Surkhet District of Nepal." International Journal of Social Sciences and Management 8, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v8i1.34129.

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Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a holistic approach in reducing damage caused by pests without harming the environment. A study on cost effectiveness strategy to disseminate IPM technology was conducted in the Banke and Surkhet districts of Nepal. For assessing the spread of information, farmers were asked a series of questions during the survey to determine knowledge of IPM and degree of IPM adoption. Using descriptive statistics and differences in means, analysis was done on relationships among access to information, IPM knowledge and adoption, and word-of-mouth diffusion of IPM techniques to neighboring farmers. For the evaluation of dissemination methods efficiency and to examine the cost for using the different dissemination methods of IPM technology followed by IPM IL project in Banke and Surkhet district, the cost measurements was focused only on the dissemination methods of IPM technology with a public cost such as mass media, agricultural officers, MPC, collection centre, FFS, CBFs, cooperatives, neighboring farmers, agro-vets and field days. When the number of farmers needing to receive training for one farmer to adopt IPM practices is known, and then that value can be multiplied by the cost per farmer trained which allows in providing the cost per farmer adopting the technology by transfer method. Capacity building in IPM technology development and dissemination in the study area was I/NGOs working in that area. Market Planning Committee of Banke and Surkhet district has played a vital role in disseminating IPM technology in cost effective and efficiently. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 8, Issue-1: 272-276
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38

Bakić, Sanja. "The role of the Central Bank as a participant in the financial derivatives market." Oditor - casopis za Menadzment, finansije i pravo 6, no. 1 (2020): 22–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/oditor2001021b.

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39

Peovski, Filip, and Gjorgji Gockov. "Assessing the European Central Bank's unconventional measures: A recursive VAR approach." BH Ekonomski forum 13, no. 2 (2021): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bhekofor2102011p.

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Unconventional monetary measures utilization has proven to be of great importance in maintaining monetary and economic stability after the Great Recession. However, we aim to test this conclusion through the impact of the quantitative easing implemented by the European Central Bank. Observed through generated shocks in the balance sheet of the Eurosystem as our main variable, we tested whether quantitative easing reestablished economic growth and rose price levels, mainly through lowering borrowing costs for banks, thus helping in the post-crisis recovery. To prove our hypotheses we construct a recursive VAR model estimated in levels using 2014M05-2018M12 data. The model incorporates variables such as the industrial production and the HICP, as output and price level proxies, and financial components such as the EONIA-MRO spread and the CISS index. The results show that the expansion shocks of the consolidated balance sheet have a positive temporary influence on industrial production and the HICP, but the reaction of the former seems to be 2.24 times greater. On the other hand, we find out that quantitative easing has an expected negative impact in widening the EONIA-MRO spread. Furthermore, we could not confirm the theoretically expected accommodative impact on financial stress.
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Živkov, Dejan, Simo Poparić, and Miloš Ilić. "The effect of macro factors on bank credit activity in the Republic of Serbia." Skola biznisa, no. 1 (2020): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/skolbiz1-27260.

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This paper investigates whether and how key macro-fundamentals in Serbia affect the volumes of issued loans of Erste bank to public and business sector in Serbia. We made an effort to determine which particular macro factor has the highest influence on issued credits of Erste bank, and to measure the exact average magnitude of these influences. The main idea is to find out how GDP, inflation, central bank referent interest rate, exchange rate changes and Euribor affect short-term and long-term credit activity of Erste bank in Serbia. The computations are done by applying several multivariate regression models in which dependant variables are the volume of issued credits towards civil sector and enterprises. Based on the results, we can report that Euribor is the most important factor of all scrutinized macro-aggregates, since it affects most of the analysed bank loans. Besides Euribor, we find that other macro fundamentals influence the issued loans only sporadically. In other words, the level of GDP and inflation affect only long-term loans for businesses, while referent interest rate influences only short-term loans for public. We find that exchange rate changes have no effect on any loan of Erste bank, whatsoever, which clearly indicates that the bank protects itself very successfully against this type of macro risk.
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Barjaktarović-Rakočević, Slađana, Nela Milošević, and Slavica Cicvarić-Kostić. "Value of CRM initiatives for banks: Is the skepticism justified?" Marketing 48, no. 4 (2017): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/markt1702107b.

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Cukierman, Alex. "Nezavisnost centralne banke i institucije monetarne politike - proslost, sadasnjost i buducnost." Panoeconomicus 54, no. 4 (2007): 367–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan0704367c.

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43

Napit, Renu. "Species Diversity, Forest Community Structure and Regeneration in Banke National Park." Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v16i1.14354.

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Banke national park, located in Banke district of western Nepal with an area of 550 sq. km was established as the tenth national park in 2010 A.D. Forest community structure, species diversity and natural regeneration were studied in the Park. A total of 1067 plots at every interval of 200m were laid by line transect method for the study. In each plot three concentric rings of radii of 10m, 5m, and 1m were laid down for the study of trees, shrubs/saplings and herbs/seedlings respectively. The park was floristically rich with a total of 113 species of trees representing 57 genera and 28 families. Similarly 85 species of shrubs including climbers and 107 species of herbs including herbaceous climbers, and grasses were recorded. The obtained results from the size class distribution of the trees resembling inverse ‘J’ shape indicated the good regenerating capability of the forest in the park. Fifty eight species of saplings and 40 species of seedlings of trees were recorded. From the quantitative study of the trees, the dominant species was Shorea robusta based on IVI (important value index) values, which was followed by Terminalia alata, Anogeissus latifolius, Mallotus philippinensis, etc. The total density stand (D) and basal area (BA) of the park were 291.48 trees/ha and 21.13 m2/ha respectively. The highest density (D) and the basal area (BA) of S. robusta was 46.07 trees /ha and 5.07m2/ha respectively. The species diversity index (H) of the tree species in BaNP was 1.32, with species evenness (J) of 0.64 and index of dominance (C) of 0.08. A total of seven forest community types were estimated in the Park. The size class distribution diagram of all trees showed right skewed (inverse J shaped) pattern indicating a good regenerating capability of the forest. The regeneration of S. robusta, T. alata and A. latifolius were higher in comparison to other tree species which was indicated by the higher seedlings and saplings density of them. S. robusta was the dominant with saplings density of 200.49 / ha and seedlings density of 27153.4 /ha.Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 16, No.1 (2015) pp. 17-30
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Adhikari, Pratishtha, Gopal Bahadur Khatri-Chhetri, Sundar Man Shrestha, and Santosh Marahatta. "Study on Prevalence of Mycoflora in Wheat Seeds." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (January 20, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i1.31-35.509.

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Forty seed sample of wheat (Triticum aestivum) were collected from four locations viz. Chitwan, Kaski, Banke and Lalitpur and tested by blotter method at laboratory during 2013 for determining fungal pathogens associated with wheat seeds in Nepal. Eighteen species representing thirteen genera of fungi were recovered from the seed. Alternaria alternata and Bipolaris sorokiniana were predominant in all the varieties/genotypes from all the locations, where B. sorokiniana was strongly pathogenic in wheat crop. Percentage frequency and type of fungi detected varied with variety and locations. Bipolaris sorokiniana was highest (64.40%) in Banke than remaining three locations. Seeds of Chitwan had lowest percentage (5.50%) of seed infection as compared to other locations. Relative abundance of Alternaria alternata (55.10%) was highest as it was the most prevalent component of seed borne mycoflora, followed by Bipolaris sorokiniana (34.69%) and Cladosporium herbarum (7.19%). Differences in quantity of precipitation and relative humidity might be the possible reason for variation in frequency and type of fungi detected in wheat seeds of four locations.
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45

Subedi, Subash, and Sarswati Neupane. "Verification of disease management technology on lentil against Stemphylium blight at farmer’s field in Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 1, no. 1 (December 9, 2018): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v1i1.22222.

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Technologies generated from lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) stemphylium blight (Stemphylium botryosum Walr) management experiments were verified at farmers field of 5 districts viz., Chitawan, Rautahat, Dang, Parsa and Banke during two winter seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014- 2015. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments and replicated 4 times. The plot size was 340 m2 (1 Kattha) with 25 cm row to row spacing. There were altogether 3 factors of the experiment i.e. year (2013-2014 and 2014-2015), location (5 districts) and package of practice (improved and farmers practice). The higher crop yield (1142.50 kg/ha) with lower disease index (34.95%) and higher benefit cost ratio of 2.42 were recorded in the farmers field of Banke district following seed rate (30 kg/ha), 8 hour primed improved variety (Black lentil), fertilizer doze of (20:40:20 NPK kg/ha+ 1 kg/ha B basal doze) and subsequent 3 sprays of Dithane M-45 @ 2.5 g/l of water at 10 days interval.
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Mestres, Francesc, and Goran Živanović. "Some applications of DNA databanks as an investigative tool for solving criminal cases." Nauka, bezbednost, policija 23, no. 3 (2018): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/nabepo23-18139.

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47

Mijatović-Dukić, Marijana, and Nedeljko Babić. "Bankruptcy and the regulatory role of the Central Bank in the legislation of Republic of Serbia." Pravo - teorija i praksa 36, no. 7-9 (2019): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp1907012m.

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48

Sharma, Bhagawoti. "Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Kohalpur Municipality of Banke District, Nepal." Journal of Health Promotion 8 (November 22, 2020): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhp.v8i0.32985.

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is abuse that occurs in a close relationship. The main purpose of this study is to determine the forms and risk factors associated with violence as well as the effect of demographic elements on IPV. The population of this study was all the women of the reproductive age group in Ward No. 7 of Kohalpur Municipality Banke district, Nepal. For this study 151 married women aged 15-49 years were selected from Kohalpur municipality by using. convenience sampling method. Data were collected through the interview schedule and attitude scale. The researcher has found that 33.11 percent respondents strongly agreed that they were afraid of their husbands and 53.64 percent respondents strongly agreed that their husbands physical forced to have sex. Likewise, 17.21 percent respondents pointed IPV is due to lack of education and 55.62 percent due to gambling and drinking behaviors of their husbands. Similarly, 6.62 percent respondents pointed out that it is due to fewer dowry system. IPV, a serious problem, has long-lasting effects on individuals, families and society also. So this has to be prevented. To reduce the proportion of IPV, healthy, respectful, understanding and an appropriate environment has to be promoted instead of violent relationships.
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Napit, R., and P. K. Paudel. "Response of natural forest regeneration to human disturbance in Banke National Park." Banko Janakari 25, no. 1 (September 23, 2015): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v25i1.13470.

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Tropical forest continues to decline in Nepal’s lowlands, with a serious negative consequence for biodiversity conservation. Even a strict natural reserve is subjected to have some degree of human disturbances. The newly established Banke National Park of Nepal provides an excellent context to evaluate effects of human disturbances on the forest regeneration status. This article assesses the regeneration status of the park. A total of 1,067 plots were laid out within the park area. In each plot, three concentric rings of radii of 10 m, 5 m, and 1 m were established. Data of seedling/sapling and human disturbance variables were collected from each of the concentric plots. Principal component analysis (PCA) of all disturbance variables was carried out to generate a disturbance index. The findings of this study alienates with intermediate disturbance hypothesis. Cut wood, lopped tree, human/livestock trails, people number - are the significant variables for the impact of sapling and seedling density in the park. The induced human disturbances up to the limit avails the highest regeneration status in the park. These human disturbances might have induced the spatial heterogeneity and internal dynamics which help in the regeneration. The main challenge for the forest managers and scientists is to identify the indicators of environmental damage of forest and their threshold levels at which human disturbances will result in an irreversible decline of the vegetation and its regeneration.Banko Janakari, A Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 25, No. 1Page: 39-49
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Dhami, DB, RS Rathore, VK Bhargava, G. Neupane, R. Singh, A. Singh, and GJ Shah. "STUDENT’S ATTITUDE TOWARD LBL VERSUS PBL IN PHARMACOLOGY AT NGMC, BANKE, NEPAL." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 9 (September 30, 2017): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i9.2017.2238.

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Background: Reviewing the teaching program at regular intervals and modifications in the teaching methodologies with understanding perceptions and opinions of medical students regarding teaching learning may prove useful in improving the teaching of pharmacology. The objective of the current study was to compare the effectiveness and to assess perception of Problem based learning (PB) and lecturer based learning (LB) in conveying the medical facts in pharmacology. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to the students and asked to score each individual statement regarding LBL and PBL. The median total scores and median with interquartile range of individual statements was calculated. A comparison between questions that support LBL or PBL was performed. Student t-test was employed to compare the mean scores of different groups. Result: Among of one hundred and thirty five (135) students, only one hundred and ten (110) student participated in this study. The individual median score was 37 when compared to possible total score of 55. The total score (mean ± standard deviation for question 4-7 related to LBL was 2.920±0.614 and that of the questions 8-11 related to PBL was 3.863 ±0.738. This difference found statistically significant (p<0.05) Conclusion: Students had more positive perception on PBL compared to the LBL. In PBL, Student analyses the problem through self-directed efforts, solves the given problem by applying knowledge and skills followed by group discussions in adequate infrastructure, trained faculty, well-equipped library and internet facility which is always superior to didactic lectures.
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