Journal articles: 'Banker liability'

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Flandreau, Marc. "The vanishing banker." Financial History Review 19, no. 1 (March 6, 2012): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565011000291.

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This article explores the relation between financial crises and economic discourse, focusing on the record of foreign debt crises. I identify a curious migration of discourse across social groups. Discourse that was previously proffered by bankers is now part of the production of economic ‘science’. I argue that this migration can be interpreted as an attempt to manage ‘speech-liability’.

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Olexa, Michael T. "Contaminated Collateral and Lender Liability: CERCLA and the New Age Banker." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 73, no. 5 (December 1991): 1388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1242388.

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McCammon, Antony L. T. "Banking Responsibility and Liability for the Environment: What Are Banks Doing?" Environmental Conservation 22, no. 4 (1995): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290003486x.

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No-strings-attached lending is anathema to the serious commercial banker, who sees only a wafer-thin line between such ‘lending’ and the un-bank-like practice of giving (non-returnable) grants. Such doubts, indeed, are not confined to the banking industry. In the face of home grown problems of unemployment or health-care, for instance, democratically elected governments of donor countries are finding themselves under increasing pressure from their voters to cut back on bilateral assistance to hopelessly indebted taker-states. Multilateral lending and development institutions are facing an uncertain future, trapped in the vicious circle of bad debts that are all-too-steadily increasing, capital and funding quotas that are failing to materialize (eyes are currently on the US Congress), and borrowing that is becoming ever-more expensive. The African Development Bank is faltering; a Middle East Development Bank is in danger of being stillborn. The World Bank has recently been trying bravely to redress the balance: it has created a ‘multilateral debt facility’ for the most severely-indebted countries, and devised a numerical scale of national well-being that is more appropriate for the measurement of ecologically sustainable development than GNP per head of population. While these initiatives should not be belittled, good ideas are too often murdered by gangs of ugly facts.

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Sohoni, U. S. "Securitization of Assets: Developments Abroad and Prospects in India." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 1, no. 2 (July 1997): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09722629x97001002007.

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Securitization of Assets is a tool in the asset-liability management of banks and financial institutions to tide over the liquidity and other risks and also to supplement income by way of profit on sale of loans. Housing finance sector is one area where securitization is in practice and government has identified National Housing Bank as a facilitator for providing guarantee. This paper focuses on development of securitization in the US and Europe where it has diversified from a mortgage loan phenomenon in the 70’s into non-mortgage based loans giving rise to Asset Based Securities (ABS). It also brings out the impediments and constraints in the way of realising the potential of ABS in India. The growth of securitization in India has been affected mainly due to the non-development of the debt-market. The onus of developing and popularising the asset based securities in India lies on the merchant banker.

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Wang, Qi, and Qiuming Wu. "Evaluation on innovation efficiency of successor of Chinese listed family business based on DEA." International Journal of Innovation Science 11, no. 3 (October 11, 2019): 454–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijis-03-2019-0027.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to measure the innovative performance of a managed and owned mainland Chinese family business. The objective of the study was to assist an inheritor and/or successor of a family business and to find management problems in innovative activity. Design/methodology/approach To improve the innovative technical efficiency (TE) of the business, the study offers methods that enhance the allocation of resources to provide outcomes that improve the core competitiveness of the business and realize the sustainable development of the business. Innovation performance is a well-organized and efficient way of turning innovation input into innovation output. Human input, research and development expenditures measure innovation input. Patent output and other outputs, which include total labor productivity and asset liability ratios, measure innovation output. To complete the study’s task, the innovative performance of 46 Chinese listed family run and owned businesses were evaluated based on the data envelopment analysis and the Banker, Charnes and Cooper model. Findings The results of the study show that the overall TE of innovation in a Chinese family run and owned business is low and that the returns to scale of most such businesses is decreasing, and furthermore, that the overall innovation performance of is low. Originality/value The implications from the study further suggest that for business efficiency and increased profit a beneficiary of a Chinese family-owned business should optimize the firm’s size and resource allocation.

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Middlemiss, Sam. "“Another nice mess you’ve gotten me into” employers’ liability for workplace banter." International Journal of Law and Management 59, no. 6 (November 13, 2017): 916–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-07-2016-0063.

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Purpose Banter has been defined in the Oxford Dictionary as “the playful and friendly exchange of playful remarks” [www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/banter]. This suggests that it is a form of dialogue or conversation that is welcome, non-threatening and appreciated by the recipient. However, this is often not the case, and the purpose of this paper is to consider the legal rules dealing with banter where it is threatening, unwanted or oppressive to the recipient. Where there is a discriminatory aspect to the banter, the protection provided under equality law will be considered. Banter can be directed at workers with different characteristics (e.g. disability, age, religion, sex, race or sexual orientation), and this paper will consider discriminatory banter whatever the basis. The different types of dialogues falling under the term banter will be analysed and the extent to which legal protection is in place to deal with it will be considered. The statutory legal rules dealing with harassment and bullying in the UK are the most relevant to controlling workplace banter and accordingly will be given primary consideration. Finally, recommendations will be made for improving both management practice and the law in this area. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used is a thorough review of secondary sources in the UK including relevant statutes and legal cases and research undertaken in this area. Findings There is a need for legislative change to protect victims of unwanted workplace banter. Research limitations/implications Legal and managerial solutions to a complex problem. Practical implications Very few sources of primary research. Originality/value Highly original.

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Koch, Christoffer, Gary Richardson, and Patrick Van Horn. "Bank Leverage and Regulatory Regimes: Evidence from the Great Depression and Great Recession." American Economic Review 106, no. 5 (May 1, 2016): 538–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.p20161045.

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In the boom before the Great Depression, capital requirements for commercial banks were low and fixed. Bankers faced double liability. Failing banks were not bailed out. During the boom before the Great Recession, capital requirements were proportional to risk-weighted assets. Bankers faced limited liability. Banks deemed too big to fail received bailouts. During the 1920s, the largest banks increased capital levels as asset prices rose. During the boom from 2002 to 2007, the largest institutions kept capital levels near regulatory minimums. Our results suggest more market discipline would have induced the largest U.S. banks to hold greater capital buffers prior to the financial crisis of 2008.

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Logue, Ann C. "Bankers on Boards: Monitoring, Conflicts of Interest, and Lender Liability." CFA Digest 32, no. 2 (May 2002): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2469/dig.v32.n2.1061.

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Lomnicka, Eva. "Placing bankers in the front line: the secondary liability of bankers for their customers’ regulatory contravent." Journal of Financial Crime 12, no. 3 (July 2005): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13590790510700599.

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10

Podell, Jacob. "Resolving "Resolved": Covenants Not to Sue and the Availability of CERCLA Contribution Actions." Michigan Law Review, no. 119.1 (2020): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.119.1.resolving.

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The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)—as part of its dual goals of cleaning up hazardous-waste sites and ensuring that the polluter pays for that cleanup—gives private parties two mutually exclusive causes of action: cost recovery and contribution. Contribution is available in limited circumstances, including if the party has “resolved” its liability with the government. But CERCLA does not define this operative term. Federal courts are split over how the structure of a settlement resolves liability. Several courts follow Bernstein v. Bankert, which held that any conditions precedent and nonadmissions of liability strongly suggest that a party has not yet resolved its liability. The Ninth Circuit’s recent case, ASARCO LLC v. Atlantic Richfield Co., said liability is resolved if the settlement determines the party’s obligations with “certainty and finality.” Bernstein deviates from CERCLA’s text and policy, leading to serious inconsistencies in the interpretation and application of the statute. ASARCO injects uncertainty into the statute, which disincentivizes settlements. When the stakes are the reallocation of billions of dollars and the amelioration of the most notorious environmental disasters, getting it right is paramount. This Note proposes a bright-line rule—liability is resolved when the settlement contains any covenant not to sue, conditional or unconditional—and argues that this reading cleans up many of the issues the current circuit split imparts on the statute.

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Dixon, Bruce L., Kristin M. Raub, and Janet A. Flaccus. "Impacts of Chapter 12 and Lender Liability Suits on Bankers' Propensity to Lend in Western Arkansas." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 25, no. 1 (July 1993): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800018733.

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AbstractThe recent availability of Chapter 12 bankruptcy and the more frequent use of lender liability suits by borrowers are factors that may be adversely affecting the supply of agricultural loans. An experiment using hypothetical loan applications was undertaken involving 34 banks in western Arkansas. Responses were used to estimate the impacts of these legal procedures on banks' lending behavior. The estimated models indicate Chapter 12 is not a significant factor in the loan approval process. Lender liability has marginal significance in lowering the probability of granting an intermediate term loan.

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Amenc, Noël, Felix Goltz, and David Schröder. "Private Bankers on Private Banking: Financial Risks and Asset/Liability Management." Journal of Wealth Management 12, no. 3 (October 31, 2009): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jwm.2009.12.3.039.

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13

Fan, Yiran. "The Interaction of Bankers’ Asset and Liability Management with Liquidity Concerns." Journal of Political Economy 129, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 2233–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/715144.

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Ait Malhou, Fatima, and Ahmed Maimoun. "Theoretical analysis on Asset-Liability Management of liquidity risk: the case of Islamic banks." SHS Web of Conferences 119 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111901003.

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The main objective of this research is to identify and review all the studies conducted to investigate the relationship between liquidity risk and Asset-Liability Management in Islamic banks. This systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA Statement ®). During the past two decades, a limited amount of literature has been published on Asset-Liability Management in Islamic banks. In fact, from the 1886 articles collected, only 25 studies were included, 8 of them are considered the most relevant ones. It is important to note that most of the selected articles pointed out the importance of practical asset-liability management approaches and techniques used to mitigate liquidity risk. This study gives an overview of the Asset-liability management in Islamic banks considered as an under-researched topic. It identifies the problems, the challenges and the practical approaches adopted by bankers in managing liquidity risk through assets and liabilities. It therefore shows the need for more empirical studies to ensure better conditions and framework for the Islamic financial industry. This is the first review to investigate the previous studies on the Asset-Liability Management of liquidity risk in Islamic banks. The main limitation could be related to some potential relevant works that have not been included in this study. This is due the limited number of databases that the authors had access to.

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KOUDIJS, PETER, LAURA SALISBURY, and GURPAL SRAN. "For Richer, for Poorer: Bankers' Liability and Bank Risk in New England, 1867 to 1880." Journal of Finance 76, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 1541–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofi.13011.

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16

Leich, Marian Nash. "Denial of Liability: Ex Gratia Compensation on a Humanitarian Basis." American Journal of International Law 83, no. 2 (April 1989): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202742.

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On July 3, 1988, the U.S.S. Vincennes, already involved in an exchange of fire with a group of Iranian naval craft (Boghammar boats) in the international waters of the Persian Gulf, shot down an unidentified aircraft that had just departed from the joint military-civilian airfield at Bandar-e Abbas After repeated, unsuccessful efforts by the Vincennes to establish contact with the unidentified aircraft, the captain, believing that his vessel might be attacked within minutes by an Iranian military aircraft sent to assist the gunboats engaged in the surface exchange, ordered the still unidentified aircraft to be fired upon. The aircraft was shot down, and was only afterwards identified as a civil airliner, Iran Air Flight 655. The incident resulted in the deaths of 290 individuals from six nations.

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Truby, Jon, and George Kratsas. "VW’s ‘Defeat Devices’ and Liability for Claims for Lost Emissions Tax Revenue." Global Journal of Comparative Law 6, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2211906x-00601001.

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Volkswagen Group’s utilisation of a ‘defeat device’ to produce inaccurate results for vehicle emissions tests in multiple consumer states, leads it to face potentially crippling fines, possible criminal liability, civil suits, and detriment to its own company caused by the loss of trust. However, this article considers a further issue, namely implications of the violations on taxation legislation and pursuant claims for losses as a result of lost tax revenue or recalculated taxes. With vehicles falling outside of the tax band they were purchased within, there is confusion around the world about how this will affect the tax status of the vehicles and those that own them. Vehicles could be re-banded or reassessed for a variety of different tax purposes, increasing the tax liability of the vehicle historically and prospectively to reflect the actual emissions or fuel consumption based on how the charge is designed. Through a comparative study, this article considers varying tax issues in several different countries across the globe for which the manufacturer may be liable for the life of the vehicle. This will seek to establish the scale of the potential liability for Volkswagen (vw) Group that has not yet been explored. Finally it examines how international cooperation could produce more satisfactory settlements for nations and customers.

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Joshi, Mrs Snehal P., and Dr Reeta V. Sontakay. "Comparative Analysis of Asset Liability and Risk Management of Selected Urban Cooperative Banks in Nagpur Region using CAMEL Model." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-3 (April 30, 2018): 2029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd11590.

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Abdul Rahman, Hamizah, Nurul Syahira Othman, Tengku Adida Tengku Zainal Mulok, Liziana Kamarul Zaman, and Wan Murshida Wan Hashim. "The Changing Aspect of Partnership Business Structure in Malaysia." Jurnal Intelek 16, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ji.v16i1.383.

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Partnership business structures have been accepted as a major venture capital vehicle, which is generally opted for by small and medium businesses, or by professionals that are prohibited from incorporating under the respective laws. The main objectives of this paper are first to highlight the changes in the legal attributes of general partnership structures, resulting from its evolution to limited liability partnerships (LLP). Secondly, it investigates the suitability of the LLP structure for some business partners, particularly professionals, as businesses grow with rising trade costs and litigation issues that have forced partners to take precautions regarding business liabilities. These situations have led to a tendency for existing partnerships to change from general to a hybrid entity (LLP). Thirdly, it also analyses the benefits and drawbacks of LLPs as an option for general partnerships. This paper adopts doctrinal and statutory analysis as the research methods, whereby secondary analysis of relevant documents and legal acts that govern partnership businesses are referred to. Some interviews were conducted with the LLP partners, registration bodies, and bankers, to review the current implementation issues related to LLPs. This research found that the general partnership business structure has many problems, mainly related to unlimited liability and accounting procedures, which affect the obligations and protections of partners’ benefits. To conclude, the question of whether LLPs is the best alternative for partners to opt for from a general partnership finds that it is the easiest choice, compared with incorporation, but many impediments occur in its implementations that must be considered by partners. although partners can protect themselves in LLPs with the partnership agreement, there are still many loopholes in its business implementation when it comes to integrity, trust, financing, reporting, sharing of profits, and other issues.

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T., Uma Rani. "Most Preferred Business Banking Product of HDFC Bank in Trichy City." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 2, no. 4 (April 15, 2011): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v2i4.235.

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Change is the only constant factor in this dynamic world and banking is not an exception. The changes staring in the face of bankers relates to the fundamental way of banking-which is undergoing rapid transformation in the world of today, in response to the forces of completion productivity and efficiency of operations, reduced operating margins better asset/liability management, risk management, any time and any where banking. The major challenge faced by banks today is to protect the falling margins due to the impact of competition. Another significant impact of banks today is the technology issue. In this study the business banking products of HDFC bank, that best suits the needs of the borrower were analysed. The Customer feels that loans to be obtained require a process that is extremely complicating and time consuming. This calls for an ombudsman setup separately for the domain. The observation and findings of the study have helped to give useful recommendation to bank. The implementation of the suggestion can help to improve strategies and build competencies over that of their competitors. This study has there by helped me by giving exposure into new concepts in todayâ€™s banking scenario as the interface shifts from service to products. There has also been some insight into competency recognition.

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Larizza, Lidia, Luisa Doneda, Miria Stefanini, Giuseppa Francone, Valter Gualandri, and Annamaria Fuhrman Conti. "Liability to Chromosome Damage in Lymphocytes of “Cancer Family” Subjects: A Study of Spontaneous and Induced Chromosomal Fragility." International Journal of Biological Markers 2, no. 1 (January 1987): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460088700200102.

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Spontaneous chromosomal fragility was detected in seven tumor patients and one healthy member from two families with a high recurrence of cancer. Major chromosome lesions, such as terminal deletions and rearranged chromosomes, were found at levels significantly higher than those reported for control individuals. The prevalence of these aberrations in comparison to minor ones (chromosome gaps and chromatid breaks) in this group ofpatients seems to indicate that the fragility observed is the end-point of a process of chromosomal instability, which may have already been brought to expression. Study of other parameters of genetic instability in the most unstable karyotypes showed that the chromosome damage observed was neither paralleled by abnormal SCE frequency nor sustained by defective DNA repair mechanisms or expression of inherited or constitutional fragile sites. As all the subjects investigated here had previously been shown to display intraindividual variations in the C-banded region of chromosome 1, it is possible that spontaneous fragility and acquired C-heterochromatin polymorphism may be markers that, combined with chromosomal instability, create genetic predisposition to cancer.

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Bhati, Shyam, Anura De Zoysa, and Wisuttorn Jitaree. "Factors affecting the liquidity of commercial banks in India: a longitudinal analysis." Banks and Bank Systems 14, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.14(4).2019.08.

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This paper examines the long-term effect of various regulatory, bank-specific and macroeconomic factors on the determination of liquidity in Indian banks. For this purpose, the study uses a random effect panel data regression model and tests it with data on Indian banks for 21 years, covering the period from 1996 to 2016. The model considers the effect of regulatory factors, cash reserve ratio, and statutory liquidity, and incorporates four different liquidity ratios specific to the Indian banking scenario. The results of the analysis show contrasting relationships between the independent variables and the dependent variables measured by four liquidity ratios.It is interesting to note that Indian banks rely more on asset-based liquidity and less on liability-based liquidity. More specifically, the most important liquidity ratio of L1 (liquid assets to total assets ratio) showed a significant relationship with macroeconomic variables of discount rates, call rates, foreign exchange reserve, exchange rate with US dollar, consumer price index and gross domestic product. L1 also showed a significant relationship with bank-specific variables of capital to total assets and bank size. However, the regulatory factors of cash reserve ratio and profitability determined by return on equity (ROE) and non-performing assets were not found to have any effect on liquidity of Indian banks.

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Shkolnyk, Inna, Eugenia Bondarenko, and Ievgen Balatskyi. "Financial risks of the stock market: opportunities and specifics of their insurance." Insurance Markets and Companies 10, no. 1 (November 7, 2019): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ins.10(1).2019.03.

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The Ukrainian stock market is rated as an emerging market, which is characterized by high profitability and higher risk level as compared to developed economies. Securities transactions on the Ukrainian stock market are accompanied by stable uncertainties. Moreover, insurance is the most effective way to reduce financial risks and their negative effects. Given the current economic and political instability, financial risk insurance can ensure the economic performance of business entities and stimulate their further economic development. Financial risk insurance is the liability insurance in its nature, but its terms are often included in property insurance. This insurance sector has considerable facilities, which require activation of new insurance products that will be able to protect individual and institutional investors. Insurance and stock markets are direct competitors for limited investor resources, including strategic sources such as temporarily free institutional investor funds and household savings. In general, although there is a significant interaction between the insurance and other financial markets in Ukraine, it is hardly realized at all, unlike foreign economies, where it is used to its maximum. With the development of the insurance culture of the population and insurance in general, the relevance of insurance services in a high-risk segment like the stock market increases. The article harmonizes types of financial risks arising on the stock market with the methods of their leveling (insurance, hedging, diversification, etc.), determines the risk factors of the investor in the stock market, and specifies the professional risks of financial institutions. For the Ukrainian stock market participants, the use of two types of insurance coverage, namely, Bankers Blanket Bond and Financial Institution Professional Indemnity, is proposed.

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Ho, Look Chan. "Bankers' Liability for Mistaken Receipts and Misdirected Funds." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.964060.

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Kroszner, Randall S., and Philip E. Strahan. "Bankers on Boards: Monitoring, Financing, and Lender Liability." SSRN Electronic Journal, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.149888.

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Austin, Robert P. "Hip-Pocket Injuries in Workouts: Accessory Liability for Bankers and Advisers." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.946316.

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Fan, Yiran. "The Interaction of Bankers' Asset and Liability Management with Liquidity Concerns." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3561614.

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A. Rahman, Aspalella, and Harlida Abdul Wahab. "Anti-money laundering obligations and dismissal of bankers: evidence from Malaysia." Journal of Money Laundering Control ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-06-2021-0062.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the anti-money laundering (AML) obligations imposed on bankers as the main reporting entities under the AML regime in Malaysia. Apart from discussing the relevant provisions, several court cases were also examined to identify the problems which arise in the implementation of the law and the risk of dismissal that bankers may face. Design/methodology/approach This paper mainly relies on statutes and court cases as its primary sources of information. It is supported by secondary data to justify the analysis. This paper also uses an analytical descriptive approach to analyse relevant provisions from statutes and to examine current court cases regarding the implementation of the AML obligations on bankers. Findings It is submitted that the AML legislation imposes a significant burden of reporting requirements on the bankers, failure of which may justify the dismissal or termination of their services. In other words, the law has not only altered the way bankers deal with their customers but also poses substantial legal risks to their security of tenure. Indeed, getting the right balance between the need to combat money laundering and the interests of bankers is a difficult exercise. Originality/value This paper provides an analysis of the liability of bankers under Malaysian AML laws. It is hoped that the content of this paper can provide some insight into this particular area for bankers, enforcement authorities, practitioners, academics, policymakers and legal advisers, not only in Malaysia but also elsewhere. The findings of this paper also highlight the risks that bankers may face for non-compliance with the reporting obligations under the AML laws.

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Broll, Udo, and Jack E. Wahl. "Value at Risk and Bank Equity / Value at Risk und Eigenkapitalausstattung von Banken." Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 223, no. 2 (January 1, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2003-0202.

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SummaryThe value at risk measure has become a widespread risk management concept in many different types of financial organizations. The value at risk concept is the attempt to summarize in a single number the return risk in a portfolio of financial assets. This paper studies the impact of the value at risk approach on required equity capital of a banking firm. Value at risk is a measure of risk based on a probability of loss and time in which this loss can be expected to occur. We demonstrate that managerial and market factors determine optimal asset liability and equity policy of the bank. It is shown that the probability of bankruptcy has a complex impact upon the decision making of bank management.

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Dwi Putri A.T., Kurnia Martini. "STATUS HUKUM PERALIHAN HAK ATAS TANAH YANG DIPEROLEH DARI LELANG BERDASARKAN HAK MENDAHULU NEGARA." FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 10, no. 3 (April 3, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v10no3.790.

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AbstractTax is one of the biggest fund sources proponents in Indonesia’s development activities. Tax payment is an obligation for every Tax Subject. They would be reputed to have the debt to Country once they don’t pay the tax. Tax liability is a debt that particularly arises because of law, so it has the precedence characteristic over other debts. If a Taxpayer doesn’t pay their tax, Government can sell their valuable assets of by the auction based on State Precedence Rights. In Bandar Lampung City, land title transfer registration that is obtained by auction based on Country’s Precedence Right happened to the ownership land of a personal property on behalf of individual belonging, which became a company’s tax liability payment, and also an object of an inheritance dispute. The land title transfer registration validity then became legally questionable, because the auction object is recorded on behalf of individual ownership, not the Companies. Moreover, it was under inheritance dispute and has been blockaded at The Bandar Lampung Land Affair Office. Keywords: Country’s Precedence Rights, Auction, Land Certificate Blockage AbstrakPajak merupakan salah satu pendukung sumber dana terbesar dalam kegiatan pembangunan Indonesia. Pembayaran pajak merupakan kewajiban bagi setiap Subyek Pajak. Mereka akan dikenal memiliki utang kepada Negara setelah mereka tidak membayar pajak. Kewajiban pajak adalah utang yang sangat timbul karena hukum, sehingga memiliki karakteristik didahulukan dari hutang lainnya. Apabila Wajib Pajak tidak membayar pajak mereka, Pemerintah dapat menjual hasil aset yang bernilai tinggi oleh yang berdasarkan Hak Mendahulu Negara. Di Kota Bandar Lampung, pendaftaran tanah judul transfer yang diperoleh dengan lelang berdasarkan Hak Mendahulu Negara terjadi tanah kepemilikan properti pribadi atas nama pribadi milik, yang menjadi pembayaran kewajiban pajak perusahaan, dan juga obyek sengketa warisan. Judul tanah validitas pendaftaran pengalihan kemudian menjadi hukum dipertanyakan, karena objek lelang dicatat atas nama kepemilikan individu, bukan perusahaan. Selain itu, di bawah sengketa warisan dan telah diblokade di Kantor Pertanahan Bandar Lampung. Kata Kunci: Hak Mendahulu Negara, Lelang, Pemblokiran Sertifikat Tanah

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"Determining Factors of Banking Performance in Indonesia." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 9, no. 5 (March 10, 2020): 1507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.a5077.039520.

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Motivated by the large number of banking studies in Indonesia that have not included NOP (Net Open Position) in profitability modeling, our research aims to realize this. As for the reason for the importance of the Net Open Position (NOP) variable, it is almost certain that all banks will use foreign currency items in their asset and liability management activities. All commercial banks in the BUKU level 1, 2, 3 and 4 will definitely be involved in demand deposits as a consequence of continuing financial market activities to safeguard the economic activities of a country. By referring to previous research models from Al-Omar, et.al. (2008), Albulescu (2015), Muhmad & Hashim (2015), Menicucci & Paolucci (2016) and Saputri & Oetomo (2016) then identified four determinants of bank profitability variables, namely CAR, NPL, NOP and LDR. These four variables will then be defined conceptually and formulas referring to banking theory applicable in Indonesia, namely CAMEL (Capital, Management, Asset, Earning and Liquidity). Each variable will function as a bank specific factor that will determine the profitability of the bank both grossly as measured by ROA and net measured by ROE. Results of the test with panel data regression show that the NOP variable is always a determining factor in the ROA and the ROE models. This also provides evidence that NOP is indeed very important in determining ROA and ROE for bankers. With the proven NOP as the main determinant, the argument is supported that commercial banks must pay attention to the foreign exchange items in their asset and liability management. In addition to NOP, NPL is also important for determining ROA and ROE of banks.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Banker liability'

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