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Lim, Ivan Wen Yan. "Essays on banking." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31107.
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This thesis consists of three essays on banking in the U.S. The first two chapters study how supervisors and regulators influence bank behavior. The third chapter explores how bank CEOs allocate credit. The first chapter uses a quasi-natural experiment, the closure of regulatory offices, to identify the effects of supervision on bank behavior. Under the decentralized structure of U.S. bank supervision, banks in the same geographic area may be supervised by different regulatory offices. The chapter shows that, following the closure of a regulatory office, banks previously supervised by that office increase their solvency risk and lending compared with banks in the same counties that are supervised by a different regulatory office. Further, these banks exhibit lower risk-adjusted returns, lower asset quality, and opportunistic provisioning behavior for loan losses. Information asymmetry between banks and supervisors partly explains the results. The second chapter documents that nearly 30% of U.S. banks employ at least one board member who currently or previously served on a regulator’s advisory council or on the board of a regulator as a form of public service. The chapter shows that connections to regulators undermine regulatory discipline by decreasing the sensitivity of bank risk to capital. Connected banks are able to extract larger public subsidies than non-connected banks by shifting risk to the financial safety-net, resulting in wealth transfers from taxpayers to shareholders of risk-shifting connected banks. One potential reason for these effects is that connected banks receive preferential treatment in supervision from regulators. The third chapter uses the birthplace of U.S. bank CEOs to investigate the effect of hometown favoritism on bank business policies. Exploiting within-bank variation in distances to a CEO’s hometown, the chapter shows that banks make more mortgage and small business lending as well as branch expansions in counties that are proximate to the hometown of the CEO. This is due to the CEO’s altruistic attachment to her hometown; the effects are stronger during economic downturns, among altruistic CEOs, in poorer counties and marginal mortgage applicants. Further, hometown favoritism does not lead to worst bank performance. However, it is associated with positive economic outcomes in counties exposed to greater favoritism.
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Attanasio, Orazio Pietro. "Price behaviour in real and financial markets." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269012.
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Kamiyama, Naoki. "The behaviour of volatility and options pricing." Thesis, City University London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266298.
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Hayes, Simon. "The behaviour of U.K. stock prices and returns." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/177.
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In this thesis I combine VAR forecasting methods with the Campbell-Shiller log-linear approximation to the present-value formula for stock prices. Four aspects of UK stock market behaviour are studied. The first analysis involves decomposing the variance of the unexpected stock return into components due to news about dividends, news about future returns, and the covariance between the two. I find that changing expectations about future returns accounts for around four times as much of the variance of unexpected returns as news about dividends, with a negligible covariance term. My second study is a detailed analysis of the links between macroeconomic risks and required stock returns. Using 27 industry-based stock portfolios, I attempt to determine the effect that a number of macroeconomic and financial factors have on expectations of dividends, real interest rates and future required returns. The results go some way to explaining why some risk factors appear not to be significantly priced in financial markets, whilst others (particularly inflation) appear to induce counter-theoretical reactions in stock prices. Given an empirical proxy for equilibrium returns, the present-value model implies a set of non-linear restrictions on the parameters of a VAR, the latter being taken as a model of investors' expectations formation. In my third analysis, I test various models of equilibrium returns using aggregate UK data, and find some support for market efficiency. In particular, in accordance with the intertemporal CAPM, I find that the well-known ability of the dividend yield to forecast stock returns can be traced to the fact that the dividend yield Granger-causes the market return variance. In the final section I test two propositions: whether rejections of the CAPM at the aggregate level can be traced to rejections in specific sub-sectors of the market; and whether investors are more skilled at eliminating mis-pricing within market sub-sectors than in the market as a whole. I find mixed support for the CAPM at the disaggregated level. Furthermore, eliminating the covariance terms from the model for sector returns has little effect on the results, providing some support for the market segmentation hypothesis.
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Hattori, Masazumi. "An investigation into bank behaviour, credit and business cycles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286633.
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Zhang, Dongmei. "Customer switching behaviour in the Chinese retail banking industry." Lincoln University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1789.
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With the intense competition and increasing globalization in the financial markets, bank management must develop customer-oriented strategies in order to compete successfully in the competitive retail banking environment. The longer a bank can retain a customer, the greater revenue and cost savings from that customer. However, customers are also more prone to changing their banking behaviour when they can purchase nearly identical financial products provided by the retail banks. In order to stay competitive, bank managers need to understand the factors that influence and determine consumer’s bank switching behaviour. With China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), their financial services market was liberalized and deregulated. As a result, customers have a greater choice between domestic and foreign banks. Furthermore, the emergence of the internet allows customers to access financial products without limitation, and increases the Chinese retail banks’ ability to prevent customers’ switching banks. This study identifies and analyses the factors that influence bank customers’ switching behaviour in the Chinese retail banking industry. The findings reveal that Price, Reputation, Service Quality, Effective Advertising, Involuntary Switching, Distance, and Switching Costs have an impact on customers’ bank switching behaviour. The results also reveal that the Young Age and High Income Groups are more likely to switch banks. In general, the results of this research allow service marketers and practitioners to develop and implement services marketing strategies to decrease customer defection rates, and in turn, increase bank profits. Furthermore, this research provides useful information for future researchers who study switching-behaviour in the banking industry.
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Yousafzai, Shumaila Yakub Khan. "Internet banking in the UK : a customer behaviour perspective." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430358.
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Siddiq, Abu Bakar. "Capital Adequacy Behaviour: : A case study of Swedish banking industry." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Accounting and Finance, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12932.
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Wanjau, Dolly Nyaguthii. "Employees' perception of leadership behaviour in retail banking / Dolly Wanjau." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2064.
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Omet, Ghassan Moh'd Kheir Said. "Amman financial market : an investigation into its formation and share prices' behaviour." Thesis, Henley Business School, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235900.
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Chensavasdijai, Varapat. "An empirical analysis of corporate investment behaviour and financing patterns in Thailand." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310147.
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Fernando, Santos Almeida Alvaro. "Monetary policy strategy and the behaviour of exchange rates : an empirical investigation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2611/.
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This thesis studies several aspects of the strategy which central banks follow in implementing monetary policy and its implications for the behaviour of exchange rates. The first chapter provides an introduction to the thesis and a review of the relevant literature. The following two chapters analyse the effects of information releases on the high frequency behaviour of the DEM/USD exchange rate, and investigate how these effects are related to the central banks' policy decisions and their strategy for disclosing information to the market. Chapter 2 studies the effects of monetary policy signals released by the Deutsche Bundesbank and the US Federal Reserve, showing that they have a strong impact on exchange rates, and that these effects depend on the channel used to release the policy information, and on when the information is released. Chapter 3 extends this analysis by examining the reaction to publicly announced macroeconomic information emanating from Germany and the US, and associates this reaction with market expectations regarding future monetary policy decisions and the timing of the announcement of those decisions. Alternative monetary policy frameworks and their implication for the behaviour of exchange rates are the topic of the following three chapters. Chapter 4 examines the policy framework in 44 developing countries, covering topics such as the choice of price stability as the objective for monetary policy, the potential conflicts between achieving this objective and other functions of the central bank (in particular the maintenance of financial stability), and central bank independence. Chapter 5 analyses the experience of seven countries that have adopted a policy strategy centered on inflation targets, and investigates how this affected the behaviour of the central banks. Chapter 6 investigates the implications of the strategies analysed in the previous chapters for the stability of financial markets, using price data for several financial assets from a panel of eighteen OECD countries. Finally, Chapter 7 summarises the conclusions of the thesis and provides suggestions for further work.
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Abdulla, Jasim. "Dividends, external borrowings, and investment behaviour of the corporate sector in Kuwait." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289799.
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Holmkvist, Frida, Caroline Karlsson, and Miranna Kuossari. "What factors influence an individual to adopt the usage of mobile banking? : A study regarding customer behaviour in mobile banking." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-32334.
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Rodrigues, Ana Isabel Abreu. "Determinantes da utilização do internet banking em Portugal." Master's thesis, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Oliveira do Hospital, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/17720.
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Shahnon, Suhaimi. "Insider transactions and the implications for pricing efficiency and behaviour of the Malaysian stock market." Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301492.
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Madikiza, Sandi. "Cellphone banking adoption and its impact on the transactional behaviour of low income consumers." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24690.
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This aim of this study was to establish if individual characteristics have an impact on the adoption of cellphone banking amongst low-income (Mzansi) consumers. The second component of the study then set out to assess the impact that cellphone banking adoption has on the financial behaviour of these consumers. This data was obtained using the data mining technique. Data from one of the local banks was extracted and analysed. In addition to using descriptive statistics, the ANOVA was used. The ANOVA is an inferential statistical method. It establishes whether there is a relationship with the defined variable and the adoption of cellphone banking. Race, age, income, gender, number of bank products and channel of registration where the variables that were analysed. With the exception of age, no other variable had an impact on adoption for both Mzansi customers as well as the entire base. The subsequent post adoption behaviour analysis that was conducted identified some key behaviour changes. Consumers who adopted cellphone banking significantly increased (>300%) their demand of prepaid products. Secondly, the demand for cash amongst adopters was lower than the demand from non-adopters which could signal a shift towards cashless solutions. And finally, the cellphone banking adopters were found to perform more transactions prior to adoption when compared to non adopters thereby demonstrating a higher need for a mobile banking solution. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.<br>Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)<br>unrestricted
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Alfansi, Lizar. "An assessment of the potential for benefit segmentation in the Indonesian banking sector." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366620.
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PETRICEK, Matic. "Essays on bank behaviour and financial regulation." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/60671.
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Defence date: 18 January 2019<br>Examining Board: Prof. Juan Dolado, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Supervisor; Prof. Árpád Ábrahám, EUI; Prof. Tobias Berg, Frankfurt School of Finance & Management; Prof. Enrico Sette, Bank of Italy.<br>This thesis studies bank behaviour in response to financial regulation and monetary policy. In the first chapter a novel approach to address issues of endogeneity in estimating a causal effect of leverage on risk taking by banks is used. By using data on local bank office deposits and local unemployment an instrument is constructed to use in a regression of leverage on a measure of risk taking constructed from new issuance of loans. The results are consistent with a theoretical prediction that due to limited liability banks increase their risk taking after an exogenous increase in leverage. The second chapter estimates the effect of deposit insurance on the risk-taking behaviour of banks. As shown in the theoretical literature, deposit insurance may induce moral hazard and incentivise banks to take on more risk. This chapter provides an experimental setup in which an increase in the coverage limit of deposit insurance in the U.S. is exploited in order to identify the difference in risk taking by banks that were affected and banks that were not. This difference comes from the fact that state chartered savings banks in Massachusetts had unlimited deposit insurance coverage at the time when it was increased for all other banks in the US. Given that all banks in the sample are subject to the same regulatory and supervisory requirements, and that they are similar in other characteristics, the effect of such increase in deposit insurance can be isolated. The findings suggest that, contrary to the literature, an increase in deposit insurance did not increase bank risk-taking, nor did it affect market discipline, evident through a lack of effect on deposit rates. Motivated by substantial differences in employment dynamics across different geographical areas and substantial differences across banks which operate in these geographical areas, the third chapter estimates the effect of characteristics of banks operating in a particular location on the impact of monetary policy on the local economic outcomes. The results suggest that the effect of monetary policy on local employment and local total payroll intensifies as the capital structure of local banks improves and the credit risk associated with local banks decreases. These findings go in line with a prediction that healthy banks find it easier to attain alternative sources of funding following a monetary tightening. The results also show that size and liquidity position of local banks does not affect the impact of monetary policy.<br>--1 Bank Funding and Risk Taking (Chapter 1: co-authored Alessandro Ferrari, Carmen García Galindo and Andreas Winkler) --2 Deposit Insurance and Bank Risk Taking (Chapter 2: co-authored Carolina López-Quiles) --3 Local Effects of Monetary Policy
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Branca, Ana S. "Technology in banking service delivery : its impact on customer behaviour and satisfaction." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556315.
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Greil, Tatjana Barbara. "The West German capital market and the financing behaviour of public limited companies, 1948-1965 : a reassessment." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2650/.
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The objective of this thesis is to identify economic and regulatory issues which affected the development of the West German capital market and the financing behaviour of public limited companies during the early post war period. Following the introductory chapter, the thesis summarises literature on the relevance of capital structure in imperfect markets and discusses findings on the relationship between financial development and economic growth in consideration the historical circumstances of the early post war period. Chapter three provides a detailed account of the West German currency reform which looks beyond the conversion of monetary assets as it incorporates the accompanying conversion of company balance sheets. An analysis of the conversion of balance sheets shows that companies emerged from the reform with significantly reduced leverage. This finding provides an unconventional interpretation of the observed financing behaviour of West German companies during the early post war period. Chapter four discusses how public policy measures affected the development of the West German capital market during the immediate post currency reform period. It is argued that the policy of partial price controls coincided with a restriction of the capital market in providing funds to private and uncontrolled sectors as public authorities introduced measures which favoured funding in public and price controlled sectors. After having outlined the economic environment of the immediate post war period, the thesis analyses the financing behaviour of a sample of 79 non financial public limited companies between 1952 and 1965. The thesis argues that exceptional circumstances created by the war and the following policy decisions affected companies' financing behaviour. It shows that companies entered the post war period with severely altered capital structures and suggests that internally generated funds and bank loans featured no more prominently during the early post war years than during the following decades.
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Blake, David Peter Courtney. "The characteristics model of portfolio behaviour : with reference to United Kingdom private sector pension funds, 1963-1978." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275771.
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Wu, MeiMei. "Investigating the adoption of banking services delivered over remote channels : the case of Chinese Internet banking customers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9387.
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Customers adoption of Internet banking has become a widely-researched topic, although it is fair to state that some research gaps still exist. This research aims to fill some of the research gaps by examining the factors that determine the relevant behaviour of three different categories of Internet banking customers in China (i.e. current users, non-users, and discontinued users), and by developing two conceptual models that are derived from different, but complementary, theoretical approaches. The Decision Making Model and the Service and Relationship Evaluation Model are developed in this research. The Decision Making Model is grounded in the technology acceptance model (TAM) and it incorporates an additional construct of perceived value of using Internet banking. Additionally, the Service and Relationship Evaluation Model is derived from the service quality evaluation and relationship quality evaluation literature. Unlike in most other Internet banking adoption studies, these two conceptual models are used complementarily to deliver a comprehensive understanding of customers Internet banking adoption in China. The models are tested using a sample of 614 Chinese Internet banking customers collected via mall-intercept personal interviews based on questionnaires. Partial Least Square (PLS) path modelling and mediation analysis are applied to test the hypotheses advanced in the two models. The key findings of this research show that perceived value is a major factor for explaining customers Internet banking adoption, thus indicating to the banks that they should reduce costs associated with using Internet banking while providing more (perceived) benefits to customers; the importance of incorporating perceived value in Internet banking adoption model(s) is also demonstrated. The findings also confirm that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are important factors that determine the adoption of Internet banking by all categories of customers. Current users and non-users perceptions of their behavioural control over using Internet banking contribute to their adoption of Internet banking, and such control perceptions are shaped by self-efficacy, perceived government support and technological support. Additionally, it is demonstrated that both current users and discontinued users perceived value and perceived service quality of Internet banking have positive associations with their satisfaction with Internet banking, which lead to their Internet banking adoption. Moreover, the findings reveal that current users are more likely to continue with Internet banking if they are affectively committed to their banks; they are less likely to continue with Internet banking if they are calculatively committed to their banks due to the costs associated with leaving the banks. These therefore indicate the importance of establishing high-quality customer-bank relationships and placing less strict switching cost barriers that impose less pressure on their existing customers. This research contributes to the Internet banking adoption literature by (i) identifying the important category of Internet banking discontinued users, apart from current users and non-users; and (ii) using two complementary conceptual models, which are grounded in different theoretical streams, to investigate the relevant adoption behaviour of all three categories of Internet banking customers. It hence delivers a comprehensive understanding of personal customers adoption of Internet banking in China.
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Zakaria, Azzarina Binti. "Empowerment among managers in Malaysian banking : the role of leadership behaviour and motivation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/empowerment-among-managers-in-malaysian-banking-the-role-of-leadership-behaviour-and-motivation(c0bea4ac-9b39-4288-86f3-524a1fa7334e).html.
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This study investigates empowerment within the under-researched context of banks (Ratmawati, 2007; Spreitzer, 1995) in Malaysia. Specifically, it examines empowerment and its relation to the constructs of leadership behaviour and intrinsic motivation from the narrow perspective of banking organisations of different ownership status (private and government-owned), where a study addressing these issues is lacking (Ergeneli, Ari & Metin, 2007; Holden, 1999; Kappelman, Prybutok & Dran 1996). Additionally, it explores the understanding of empowerment among senior managers and the process of empowerment in banking organisations. A concurrent, embedded, mixed methods strategy is employed, whereby secondary qualitative data from semi-structured interviews are embedded within the primary quantitative data gathered by means of a questionnaire (Creswell, 2009). Quantitative data from 421 and 425 questionnaires administered in a private and a government-owned bank respectively were subjected to a number of statistical techniques and analysed. Qualitative data were collected from six senior managers from each bank and subjected to thematic analysis (King, 2004). There are several important findings. First, there was an overall difference in empowerment across the two banks, with higher levels being evident in the private one. Notwithstanding this difference, favourable feelings of empowerment were in evidence in both banks. The core finding is of a mediation role for leadership behaviour in the relationship between empowerment and intrinsic motivation for the two leadership behaviours, i.e. transformational and empowering leadership. Findings from the qualitative data suggest that participants' strong understanding of empowerment stemmed from the structural approach to empowerment, although attempts at the psychological approach were also acknowledged. Two main constraints on empowerment were highlighted: lack of acceptance by employees and inadequate systems of monitoring.The findings add considerably to knowledge at the theoretical, methodological and practical levels. Theoretically, the study fundamentally helps to explore the concept of empowerment, which was developed and evolved in the West, from the perspective of Malaysia, a nation culturally distinctive from Western ones, with a focus on the under-researched area of banking, considering different ownership types, in relation to leadership behaviour and intrinsic motivation. The methodological implication comes from the use of mixed methods as an overarching methodology. The study outlines the practical considerations (two constraints on empowerment) that the programme developer/owner of empowerment should take into account in developing or enhancing empowerment by embedding relevant strategy to tackle the two constraints within the empowerment process itself. Study limitations are highlighted and avenues for future research are explored.
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CHAN, Siu Cheung. "Understanding adoption and continual usage behaviour towards internet banking services in Hong Kong." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2001. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/cds_etd/5.
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Banks and financial institutions in Hong Kong are increasingly finding themselves facing rapid increases in turbulence and complexity, leading to greater uncertainty and increased competition. Customers are also becoming more demanding. Apart from the traditional type of banking services, customers today require more personalized products and services, and access to such services at any time, and at any place. Although there is no panacea for banks to stay competitive, Internet Banking is one of the advanced information technologies they can employ to achieve a high level of customer services.
Internet Banking is an emerging technology that permits conduct of banking transactions through the Internet. From the banks’ point of view, it requires the lowest transaction cost among various channels, just one percent of branch-based banking. It also can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of corporate business processes through elimination of paper work. One of the many benefits of Internet Banking is that customers can use bank services 24 hours a day from anywhere in the world.
This study investigates university students' adoption/continual usage behaviour within the context of Hong Kong Internet Banking services. A research framework based on the extension of Technology Acceptance Model and Social Cognitive Theory was developed to identify factors that would influence the adoption/continual usage of Internet Banking. The framework includes subjective norm, image, result demonstrability, perceived risk, computer self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and intention constructs. A diverse sample of undergraduate and postgraduate students of seven universities in Hong Kong was used to test the models.
Structural Equation Modeling was used to examine the entire pattern of intercorrelations among the eight proposed constructs and to test related propositions empirically. The results reveal that both subjective norm and computer self-efficacy play significant roles in influencing the intention to adopt Internet Banking indirectly. Perceived usefulness has significant positive effect on intention to adopt, this result supports the extension of the Technology Acceptance Model. Perceived ease of use has significant indirect effect on intention to adopt/continual usage through perceived usefulness, while its direct effect on intention to adopt is not significant in this empirical study. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of the findings are discussed and suggestions for future research are presented.
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Hussain, Salim Karim. "Consumers saving behaviour : an empirical investigation of consumers attitudes towards commercial banking services with special reference to savings accounts in Iraq." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1993. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1897/.
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This thesis is the result of a study of consumers' saving behaviour in Iraq. It is an empirical investigation of consumers' attitudes towards commercial banking services with special reference to savings accounts in Iraq. A number of research objectives and related hypotheses were stated to be achieved through carrying out this investigation. The main focus of the research objectives was to develop a theoretical model and an empirical method of investigating consumers' saving behaviour (decisions) in Iraq. This investigation was carried out in order to achieve the following benefits: (a) providing better understanding of consumers' banking behaviour in Iraq, as one of the less-advanced countries, where little attention has previously been paid to consumers and their needs, wants and satisfaction; (b) contributing to the literature of bank marketing in the Third World which is very limited; (c) establishing the extent to which models of consumer behaviour are applicable in investigating consumers' banking behaviour in a less-advanced country such as Iraq; (d) providing better understanding of consumers' saving decisions in Iraq, which may help banks to gain more savers and enhance the process of mobilisation of finance, and that will have positive effect on the national economy; (e) relating consumers' saving decisions to their attitudes, socio-economic, demographic and some psychographic financial characteristics; and (f) the findings of the research may encourage banks to provide better services for consumers in Iraq by providing banks with some insights about Iraqi consumers in terms of their wants, needs, desires and opinions. The theoretical part of the research was devoted to covering the following: (a) a background review of the status of the Iraqi banking system; (b) a review of the literature related to the problem under investigation; (c) a discussion of the theories of consumer behaviour in general and consumer banking behaviour in particular; and (d) a presentation of the research methodologies of research design, data collection, sampling and the statistical methods of data analysis. The empirical part of the research was designed according to the Faceted Design which helps in defining and selecting the most important and relevant variables to the research problem. Also, the faceted design was of a great help in preparing the research questionnaire for this investigation which was used for the purpose of primary data collection from respondents. Data was gathered in Iraq by questionnaires distributed to 800 respondents. Two methods of probability random sampling, area and systematic sampling, were used for the purpose of selecting a representative sample of the population. The collected primary data consisted of attitudinal and categorical variables. In other words, the data was multivariate in type and of ordinal and nominal scales. The variables were dependent and independent in nature. Therefore, three statistical methods of data analysis were used to analyse the primary data. Factor Analysis and Two-Group Discriminant Analysis were used to analyse the attitudinal data and achieve the relevant research objectives, while Multiple Classification Analysis was used to analyse the categorical data and achieve the relevant objectives. In addition, the Kolmogorov-Sairnov Goodness-of-Fit test, the F-test and the T-test were used as statistical tests for the purpose of testing the research hypotheses. With regard to consumers' saving behaviour (decisions) in Iraq, the findings of the empirical part of the investigation revealed, in brief, the following: The results of Factor Analysis indicate that there are thirteen attitudinal factors which are perceived by SAVERS in Iraq as of significant importance in influencing their decisions to open savings accounts. These thirteen factors summarise the 60 attitudinal variables related to SAVERS' attitudes towards savings accounts. The results of Two-Group Discriminant Analysis and T-test confirm that there are dissimilarities between the Iraqi consumers' attitudes towards the idea of saving and having savings accounts, if compared according to their: (1) Saving decisions; (2) Saving habits; (3) Age group; (4) Family size; (5) Income; and (6) Educational level. The results of the Multiple Classification Analysis suggest that consumers' socio-economic and demographic characteristics have an influence on Iraqi consumers' saving decisions (hold / not hold a bank savings account). In other words, the results of the analysis confirm that the seven consumers' socio-economic and demographic characteristics used in this investigation, taken together, have significant influence on their saving decisions. However, when the relationship between each of the seven consumers' socio-economic and demographic characteristics and consumers' saving decisions are examined separately, the findings confirm that each of them, except sex of respondents, has a significant influence on consumers' saving decisions in Iraq. Thus, the findings confirm that sex of respondent in Iraq had no significant influence on his I her saving decision, while, marital status, age, family size, income, educational level and occupation of respondents were of significant importance in influencing consumers' saving decisions. The main reason for this finding can be attributed to the fact that in the Iraqi society women have a less prominent role in general, and have less financial independence in particular. Finally, the main contributions of the present study can be summarised as follows: (a) a model for investigating consumer's banking behaviour in Iraq, as one of the underdeveloped countries, was developed, as presented in figures 4.4, 4.5, 4.6 and 5.1; (b)Facet Theory was extended to be used in bank marketing research in general, and in investigating consumer banking behaviour in Iraq, as one of the underdeveloped countries, in particular; (c) this study is the first study of consumer banking behaviour in Iraq and its model can be generalised and modified to be used in investigating consumer banking behaviour in the underdeveloped countries; and (d) in comparison with previous comparative studies this study is more comprehensive in terms of its model, methodology and findings.
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Speight, George. "Building society behaviour and the mortgage lending market in the interwar period : risk-taking by mutual institutions and the interwar house-building boom." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365489.
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Mukasa, Herbert, and Elroy Eugene Smith. "Perceptions of the rules of business behaviour in the competitive banking environment in Uganda." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/12297.
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Business rules shape the behaviour of a business and guide the behaviour of employees when conducting business. Therefore, business rules explain what is allowed and not allowed. It is argued that all organisations have business rules and engage in some form of relationship whether through competition or cooperation with other companies. In today’s business environment, organisations are embedded in relationships with other actors in order to gain access to resources that are needed. Therefore, each organisation’s business rules define their strategies and actions. The type of business rule behaviour which is applied by organisations encourages them to grow by taking market share from rivals or creating new markets. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the rules of business behaviour on perceptions of the competitive banking environment in Uganda and its potential impact on certain outcomes. In this study, a quantitative research approach was adopted, as the study sought to investigate the relationships between variables. This study collected data through the use of a structured self-administered survey questionnaire which was distributed to 233 branches of banks in Uganda, totaling 700 bank employees. The survey yielded 529 usable questionnaires which were analyzed, using several statistical analysis techniques. A hypothetical model and measuring instrument of perceptions of the rules of business behaviour in the competitive banking environment within Uganda was developed. Six null-hypotheses were subjected to statistical analysis. The influence of three independent variables, namely, confrontational business behaviour, co-operational business behaviour and typologies of competition on the intermediate variable, perceptions of the competitive banking environment in Uganda were tested. The impact of these variables on three independent outcome variables, namely, organisational performance and customer loyalty and retention were also tested The empirical findings revealed that the rules of business behaviour have a significant relationship with perceptions of the competitive banking environment in Uganda. These results showed that confrontational behaviour as a rule of business behaviour can be classified as being direct or indirect. The study further revealed that banks should consider competitors as co-partners and not only as aggressors, indicating that co-operational business behaviour is statistically significantly related to perceptions of the competitive business environment in Uganda. The three typologies of competition, namely, defy attack, defense and debase attack are also positively related to perceptions of the competitive business environment in Uganda. The empirical results of the study also indicated that perceptions of the competitive banking environment have a positive relationship with outcomes such as organisational performance, customer retention and customer loyalty. This study contributed to the literature and body of knowledge regarding the impact of rules of business behaviour in the competitive banking environment in Uganda. This study could also assist banks, employees and customers alike to understand the different rules of business behaviour that exist and what strategies banks can employ to improve their position in the market. This study could also be replicated by other banks in other developing countries so as to ensure successful competition and the cooperation of banks as they engage in their activities in the banking industry.
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Al-Qeisis, Kholoud Ibrahim. "Analyzing the use of UTAUT model in explaining an online behaviour : Internet banking adoption." Thesis, Brunel University, 2009. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/3620.
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Technology acceptance research is a constantly developing field. The disciplines that contributed to its development are either beliefs focused or system focused. The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) combined both. The current research model proposes an extension to the UTAUT that accounts for online usage behaviour. The proposed research model is tested in two countries (UK and Jordan) to investigate the viability of the unified model of technology acceptance in different boundaries as a model of individuals’ discretionary usage of Internet banking. The study also questions the roles of other determinants and moderators in this context. Results found support for the effect of the proposed extension, website quality perceptions, on usage behaviour in both countries’ models; the total effect of this extension exhibited website quality perceptions the most influential determinant of usage behaviour in both models and performance expectancy construct was second in effect. Social influence had no impact on the usage behaviour in both models, which is consistent with previous research that advocates a declining role of social influence under discretionary usage and increased experience conditions. Furthermore, the moderating role of performance expectancy previously established in TAM’s research was supported in the UTAUT model in both countries’ models. Moreover, both models reported a non-moderating effect of gender, which, is also in line with recent research findings that suggest declining gender differences under voluntary usage conditions and advanced experience. Education and income were moderators only for the UK model. Although the research findings demonstrated that both countries’ models were “configurally” similar with respect to model specifications, the models’ explanatory power for usage behaviour was dissimilar: the UK’s model explanatory power exceeded that of Jordan’s model presenting an opportunity for future research. The current research contributes to knowledge in the field of technology acceptance research. It demonstrated that website quality perceptions, as a multidimensional concept, play an important role in the online usage context. It also demonstrated that the unified model of technology acceptance established in the western culture can be transferred to a non-western culture although with varying degrees of explanation power.
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AlMohaimmeed, Bader M. "Customer behaviour towards internet banking : a study of the dormant users of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3349/.
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Technology acceptance, especially internet banking acceptance has become a vital issue in the business world today. A number of studies agree on the importance of customer adoption and full utilization of internet banking services as the key factors for banks to achieve the benefits from launching this channel (eg. Guriting & Ndubisi, 2006; Nor, 2005; Yousafzai, 2005; Mols et al., 1999). They also highlight the crucial role of the comprehensive understanding of the factors and their interactions with each other that influence customers in accepting and using internet banking services. A review of literature related to internet banking indicates that while there are numerous studies that have tried to identify the factors affecting non-adopters and/or users of internet banking there is no single study, specifically in Saudi Arabia, that sheds light on the factors affecting dormant users of internet banking. Hence, the present study provides additional insights into this issue. The study adds to the body of knowledge in the technology acceptance field by developing a comprehensive model for internet banking acceptance. The model extended the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to include additional components, namely task-technology fit (TTF), perceived trust and perceived risk. The subjects for this study were Saudi bank customers who are dormant users of internet banking services. One thousand copies of the questionnaire were distributed in five Saudi cities: Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, Abhah and Buraydah. A total of 430 completed questionnaires were received, giving a response rate of 43% of the original sample. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was the statistical technique employed in this study. The main results of this study suggest that two factors, namely perceived usefulness and service visibility directly influence Saudi customers’ intention to use internet banking. Perceived ease of use is indirectly significant on the behavioral intentions through perceived usefulness. Moreover, perceived trust, system reliability and accessibility significantly influence perceived ease of use of internet banking. The results also reveal that customer trust in internet banking can be developed by focusing on only one theoretical construct of trust, perceived bank trustworthiness of the internet banking provider. Based on the findings, implications for internet banking practice and related future research have been identified.
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Walker, Philip Raymond. "How does website design in the e-banking sector affect customer attitudes and behaviour?" Thesis, Northumbria University, 2011. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/5849/.
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This thesis researches the interface between ebanks and their customers. An industry traditionally based upon personal contact, the rise of ebanking has changed this relationship such that transactions are now mainly conducted via website interfaces. The resultant loss of personal contact between bank and customer has removed many of the cues available to customers upon which judgments of service, reliability and trust were made. The question raised by this change is: what factors influence consumer choice when viewing bank websites? The arguments of this thesis are that user evaluation of websites and their willingness to use those websites is based not only on user centred factors such as motivation, experience and knowledge but also upon their appraisal of website structure and content.
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Wilkinson, Michael. "Banking reform, and the importance of ownership : how the way banks are owned affects their behaviour." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/banking-reform-and-the-importance-of-ownership-how-the-way-banks-are-owned-affects-their-behaviour(5271f8f0-ee47-4e84-b691-fbd35bb10569).html.
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Despite claims made by the UK Government in 2015 that the process of banking reform had come to an end, the debate about how to reform banks very much continues. There is now an increasing willingness to question both whether banks should be owned by, and run for, their shareholders, and whether the role they play in creating and allocating credit can safely be left to be determined solely by private interests. Where banking reform goes from here is not entirely certain. It could even be said to have reached something of a fork in the road. The obvious way open to us is to continue down the path forged by the neoliberal agenda, trusting market forces to determine credit-creation and allocation, and continuing to champion the banking sector as a sort of national treasure to be preserved in its own right. An alternative course could be to more radically control what banks do, to have more of a say about what activities they should finance more or less generously and to treat the sector not as an end in itself, but more as a means, an essential engine for economic growth which needs to be more carefully controlled and driven. Whichever way we go from here, the question of 'ownership' and whether it needs to be reformed remains relevant. Indeed, it is doubtful whether banks can really be trusted to behave themselves and to serve our interests if the requirement to maximise shareholder returns provides conflicting incentives for them to be reckless, self-serving and exploitative. Ultimately, how important the issue of ownership is depends upon how far the way banks are owned drives them to misbehave. This thesis seeks to explore that relationship and its relevance to banking reform. It does so by looking at how pressures arising from the way banks are owned encourage bad strategic decisions and bad behaviours in a number of UK banks. It conducts case studies of two stakeholder-owned banks and two shareholder-owned banks, and analyses a body of evidence which tends very strongly to suggest that the way banks are owned is indeed liable to contribute towards the adoption of unsafe strategies, and bad behaviours. The thesis proceeds to argue that we still need to tackle this 'ownership' problem which continues to drive much of the dysfunctionality in banking. Fixing 'ownership' will not necessarily ensure that credit is created in sensible quantities and allocated in sensible ways where needed in the economy, and it will not be the only reform needed to discourage bad behaviour. It is however a necessary reform, and one which still needs to be made. The entire notion that banks are owned by and should be run for their shareholders needs radically to be reigned in, and we need to be far more experimental and creative in exploring ways of making banks act more like stewards or trustees administering other people's assets - and in safe and productive ways which are in fitting with the interests of the state, its citizens and tax-payers. This thesis explores ways of doing that by making banks more 'ownerless', including creating any National Investment Bank, such as that recently proposed by the Labour Party, as a truly 'ownerless' institution.
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Siegfried, Frank. "A cross-cultural study of consumer switching in the retail banking services sector." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-crosscultural-study-of-consumer-switching-in-the-retail-banking-services-sector(898200e5-15ad-48e5-8e18-77706d4594d4).html.
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The retail banking services sector, a key driver for global economic growth, faces drastic challenges, such as globalised competition and continuously changing customer expectations that call for an in-depth understanding of customer switching, particularly in Asia’s emerging markets. Research shows that minor reductions in switching can notably enhance profitability. Yet only insufficient or fragmented research to explain switching exists. For this study titled “A Cross-Cultural Study of Consumer Switching in the Retail Banking Services Sector” at The University of Manchester, completed in September 2014, Frank Siegfried identified the theory of planned behaviour as the most suitable framework, while Singapore served as a test bed in view of its diverse population. A qualitative pilot study was conducted (February to April 2010), consisting of 22 semi-structured interviews, in which a suitable definition of switching and a better understanding about the cross-cultural context of this study were developed. These insights were instrumental in the design of a new theoretical model, built on constructs that had not been combined in a single framework before, applying constructs of the theory of planned behaviour as the foundational framework, and subsequently integrating the concept of past behaviour, selected cultural dimensions from the GLOBE model and four distinct predisposing and precipitating factors. Next, a quantitative study was conducted (January to May 2013) and, after data cleaning, a quasi-representative sample of 1,431 cases was subjected to analysis. For comparability with other studies, both regression analysis (RA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were performed. Notable results that were consistent in RA and SEM include: Attitude towards switching (attitude) successfully explained switching intention. Subjective norms had a positive effect on attitude, which implied a mediated effect of subjective norms on switching intention. Contradicting the initial hypothesis, a significant effect of perceived behavioural control on switching intention was negative. Past behaviour had a significant, but weak positive effect on attitude and switching intention, as well as an indirect positive effect on switching intention, mediated by attitude. Lack of trust positively affected switching intention. Service failure had a strong positive effect on switching intention, with perceived behavioural control moderating this effect. Performance orientation had a moderately strong effect on perceived behavioural control. High in-group collectivism negatively affected service failure. These results constitute the new Comprehensive Banking Service Switching Model (CBSSM). Interestingly, a large number of constructs and construct paths that played an important role in the literature could not be confirmed as significant contributors to the model. Overall, tests of model fit still showed a significant contribution of the proposed extensions to the foundational model. Weighting the importance of various constructs in a single framework enhances the understanding of switching of retail banking services in Singapore and offers new insights for strategic planning, particularly in the areas of branding, marketing, service operations and human capital management. Theoretical, methodological and managerial implications are discussed in detail.
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Misbah, Hanim. "Customer switching behaviour : an exploratory study of predictive factors in the UK retail banking context." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/17597.
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The main inquiry for this research is to identify the reasons that contribute to customer switching intention decisions. In addressing this enquiry, two theories - the theory of migration and theory of planned behaviour - were identified as the theoretical framework underpinning the study. Two main objectives of the study were (i) to identify the push-pull and mooring factors and (ii) to measure the relationship between the push-pull and mooring factors towards switching intention. The investigation focused on the impact of with push-pull-mooring factors on switching intention. Early research into switching behaviour studies focused largely on variables that contribute to the switching intention decision, mainly due to the critical incidents encountered by customers that push them from their origin or pull them to another destination or mooring factors that might inhibit or mitigate their switching decision. In view of this, a combination of push-pull and mooring variables were used to measure the switching intention behaviour. A multiple method approach was used to study the issues in two different stages. In the first stage qualitative data collection was used to support and confirm the identification of factors from the literature. For the main quantitative methods, using a hypothetical deductive testing approach, this study (N=2018) used survey data collected via a self-administered, voluntary online survey, to develop switching intention behaviour model. The results indicated that situational factors, positive attachments, perceived switching benefits, positive attitudes towards switching and positive beliefs of others towards switching emerged as consistent push factor while availability of alternatives emerged as the pull factors. Interestingly poor pricing, poor service incidents, positive ability to switch and switching barriers were not supported in this study indicating that there is no relationship between poor pricing, poor service incidents, positive ability to switch and switching barriers towards switching intention.
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Ezz, Lama. "Asset securitisation and EU bank credit risk behaviour : a stakeholder theory perspective." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14593.
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This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using asset securitisation as risk management technique in banks. This study examines the direct impacts of asset securitisation on the riskiness of banks’ loan portfolios as well as the indirect impacts on the subsequent financial stability. This study also tests the changes in banks’ equity capital and liquidity as a result of using asset securitisation in order to understand their potential contributions to the examined bank risk behaviour. Furthermore, this study tests the impacts of adopting the Basel capital requirements on banks’ exposure to asset securitisation and the related bank risk behaviour. The study is informed by stakeholder theory. The use of stakeholder theory in the current study helps in addressing the causal connections between banks’ risk management practices and the achievement of banks’ performance objectives. Using stakeholder theory also helps understand the role of external regulatory structures in supporting risk management practices in banks. The empirical study is conducted by using a sample of 44 bank holding companies selected from 13 European countries during the period 2004-2014. The choice of the sample banks is based on the availability of securitisation data as well as the condition that all European banks should have placed at least one securitisation transaction during the period of the study. Moreover, seven linear regression models were developed to examine the study relationships and were estimated by using Fixed Effects panel data analysis. The use of panel data analysis in this study aims to capture the dynamics of bank risk behaviour and other bank-specific conditions that are associated with asset securitisation during the period of the study. The results found in the empirical analysis confirm that incorporating the use of asset securitisation with higher capital requirements is more likely to reduce originators’ credit risk-taking that arise from their lending activities. The findings reported in this study, however, do not support the regulatory capital arbitrage hypothesis of the securitisation products. Furthermore, this study confirms that European securitising banks continued to view asset securitisation as cost-efficient funding source, despite the decreasing number of transactions since the crisis. The findings in this study also show that European securitising banks did not effectively operate their securitisation proceeds in profitable investments during the period of the study. Based on the results found in the current study, we can suggest that introducing more risk-sensitive capital requirements is a key factor in the future development of the asset securitisation markets. This study contributes to the existing literature by emphasising the direct connections between asset securitisation and the riskiness of banks’ loan portfolios. This study also is one of the first studies to test asset securitisation effects on the absolute level of bank capital in order to provide a better understanding of the regulatory capital arbitrage hypothesis. The current study further extends the existing literature to test the role of the Basel capital requirements in controlling the use of asset securitisation in banks, taking into account the former regulatory frameworks and the full implementation years of the Basel (II) framework. Unlike previous studies, the employment of stakeholder theory in the current study has helped in expanding the perception of risk management in banks, from purely controlling device to a broad approach that aims to support bank’s existence and prosperity. Furthermore, this study is one of the first studies that had a broader look at the European securitisation market, during the years before and after the crisis and compared the empirical results of both sub-samples to validate the robustness of the study findings in terms of the financial crisis.
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Lee, Tze-wan Sabrina. "New banking product development : a study of related intergroup problems and impact of TQM efforts on intergroup behaviour /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2102036X.
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Ballas, Panagiotis. "Consumer Adoption Behaviour Towards Innovative Self-Service Technologies in the Realm of Banking : A Dynamic Approach." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508509.
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Tulele, Loraini V. "Employer Attitude/Behaviour Matters: Impact of Employer Attitude/Behaviour on Indigenous Employees' Skill Acquisition and Employment Experience in the Australian Mining and Finance/Banking Sectors." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/390784.
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This thesis investigates employer attitude/behaviour and its impact on Indigenous Australians’ skill acquisition and employment experience in the mining and banking industries. The current Indigenous employment literature has a limited number of studies on demand-side factors focusing on the demand for Indigenous workers and the characteristics of employers, such as how they perceive and treat Indigenous workers. This study adds to the emerging body of research with its focus on labour market discrimination and labour market segmentation as a result of employer attitude/behaviour to explain the employment disadvantage experienced by many Indigenous Australians. The study employed mixed methods to understand the phenomenon of Indigenous employment disadvantage in the context of the mining and banking organisations. The mixed-method approach included participatory observation, in-depth interviews conducted with a total of 29 management and 11 Indigenous employees across the four organisations, focus group discussions with 28 Indigenous employees, relevant document analysis, and a self-administered questionnaire that included 46 items distributed to a random sample of 278 employees. The key findings of this study confirm that systemic racism is embedded in the employment and training system of organisations, which is reflected in the barriers faced by Indigenous trainees/employees in entering and progressing through the labour market. Hence, the negative impacts lead to their low participation in the labour market. Furthermore, the study reveals the failure of executive management to take Indigenous employment seriously by embedding it as a goal throughout the organisation. This is reflected in the ‘silo approach’ to Indigenous employment, low recruitment rates, and high turnover rates that act as a ‘red flag’, indicating an attitude/behaviour of prejudice, ignorance, thoughtlessness and racist stereotyping that may exist in these workplaces. This finding is significant, as detailed empirical evidence shows that the mechanisms that re-produce racial inequalities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous groups in the case study organisations are institutional and embedded in the employment relations and human resource systems, policies and practices of these organisations, thus explaining poor employment outcomes and, in particular, low Indigenous participation in the labour market.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Dept Empl Rel & Human Resource<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
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Broden, Dag, and Johan Flyg. "Credit Market Behaviour During the 1990´s Scandinavian Banking Crisis : A case study of Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-8444.
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<p> </p><p>This bachelor thesis examines the credit market behaviour in the Scandinavian countries (Sweden, Finland, Denmark and Norway), post financial liberalization, during the late 1980´s and early 1990´s. The explanatory variables used to determine bank lending are the time lags of bank lending, property prices, GDP and interest rates.</p><p>The variables’ impact on bank lending is tested and displayed by using an OLS model,presented by Goodhart and Hofmann (2007), and descriptive statistics.</p><p>The rolling OLS regressions show that during times of financial liberalization, property prices had an increased effect on real bank lending in Sweden and Finland. The same investigation method supports that although positive, property prices’ effect on lending did not increase in Norway and Denmark. Even so, investigations suggest that one should be careful to assume too many similarities between the countries in the causing factors of the crises. The crises occurred roughly during the same time, and the geographical connection is obvious, however each country’s individual factors differed from each other.</p><p> </p>
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Jayawardhena, Chanaka. "Investigating consumer behaviour and competitiveness in Internet service businesses : development of the mystery-shopping methodology in Internet banking services." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4200.
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Herjanto, Halimin. "Impact of salespersons' acculturation behaviours on buyers' commitment a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Business (MBus), 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/801.
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Healthy buyer-seller relationships are seen as a source of buyers’ satisfaction, commitment and loyalty. However, creating fruitful relationships with buyers is not always simple and straightforward for salespersons, especially when they seek to establish relationships with buyers from different cultures. Given the challenging nature of intercultural interaction, it becomes imperative for salespersons to identify the behaviours that will best suit such relationships. There is much evidence that salespersons frequently adopt acculturation behaviours in order to build relationships with buyers from different cultures, however the study of acculturation behaviours, though not unknown to marketing scholars, has not been well explored in relationship marketing domains. Studies on the impact of acculturation behaviours from the viewpoint of salespersons are particularly non-existent. The present study examines the limited available literature on this subject, and attempts to develop a better understanding of the concept of salespersons’ acculturation behaviours by proposing a model that explains the relationship between salespersons’ acculturation behaviours and buyers’ satisfaction as well as commitment in the banking context. The hypotheses are empirically tested in the present study by using appropriate statistical techniques. Results of the study indicate that the hypothesised model of salespersons’ acculturation behaviours fits the data well. The hypotheses focus on four dimensions of salespersons’ acculturation behaviours: assimilation, separation, integration and marginalisation. All of these dimensions, excluding separation, show an inter-relationship among the variables of the model and are confirmed with the right significance. Separation is not examined closely within the study as by its nature it is itself exclusionary of any form of interaction with buyers. Findings from the study indicate however that integration and assimilation positively affect buyers’ satisfaction, whereas marginalisation is negatively associated with buyers’ satisfaction. The results also reveal that buyers’ satisfaction has a mediation effect on the relationships between assimilation, integration, marginalisation and buyers’ commitment. The model also includes the constructs of interaction intensity, which is positively related to buyers’ satisfaction and buyers’ commitment. This study can be considered as an important step in establishing the linkage between salespersons’ acculturation behaviours and buyers’ satisfaction and commitment. It establishes that salespersons’ acculturation is needed to perform better and create sustainable intercultural interaction.
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Altwaijri, Ahmad Saleh. "Marketing strategies and national culture : an empirical investigation of customers' acceptance of the online banking channel in the context of Saudi national culture." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13835.
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Technology and the development of the Internet has led to greater awareness among organisations of the role the Internet can play in improving services through online channels. Banks, financial institutions and the relevant government authorities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) have made great progress towards improving their e-services; however, these efforts came with a lack of theoretical background concerning the main challenge, which is to encourage customers to accept Online Banking (OB). This research has explored these concerns, with the aim of providing better understanding of the salient factors affecting people's acceptance and adoption of OB technology within the specific national cultural context of Saudi Arabia. The literature suggests numerous factors as determinants of people's technology adoption in general and OB in particular. This study employs a qualitative approach to narrow down and identify factors that did not emerge in the literature, to arrive at the most appropriate ones. The qualitative stage of the research involved a combination of two focus groups (14 participants) and eight semi-structured interviews. After accomplishing the first stage, a model was proposed to explain the factors affecting user acceptance of technology in the context of OB in Saudi Arabia comprising eight constructs (Perceived Usefulness, Resistance to Change, Perceived Trust, Perceived Usefulness, Social Influence, Perceived Quantity, Uncertainty Avoidance and Perceived Image). A cross-sectional survey was developed and distributed, resulting in 945 responses for use in the data analysis (using SPSS 20.0), for descriptive and exploratory factor analysis to extract constructs of the model. To finish, the proposed model and its hypotheses were examined by applying two-stage structural equation modelling. The conceptual model was found to be of value in explaining the role of the chosen factors that affect user acceptance of technology. The research found the seven direct predictors of BI to use OB explained 84.5 percent of BI variance. From the findings, it was found that the most significant predictor of BI was UA, followed by RC then PU. This research contributed to knowledge by providing a new e-service adoption model involving the impact of national culture. The newly proposed factors (PQ and UA as determinants) helped understand users‟ e-behaviours in KSA where research is seriously under-developed. The research limitations and recommended further efforts are finally presented.
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Alboqami, Hassan Abdullah. "Investigating the factors affecting customers' trust and acceptance of online banking : the case of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/17127.
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The need for online banking technology in the banking industry is important to allow financial institutions to serve their customers worldwide, without having the need to be present in person or face-to-face to benefit from the service. Despite the investment in informational technology and information system infrastructure by Saudi Arabian financial institutions, the Saudi banks have lagged their Western counterparts when it comes to provision of online banking services. Given a relatively recent adoption of online banking in Saudi Arabia, consumer trust in online banking is a critical challenge facing bank managers, warranting further research. The aim of this research is to develop a framework to improve consumer trust toward online banking services and its affect consumer intentions to use the online banking service and e-WOM. The literature included the assessment of relevant theories including social cognitive theory, technology acceptance model and commitment trust theory. These theories formed the basis of formulation of research framework, including development of 12 research hypotheses. Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, relationship termination cost, shared value, communication, privacy and demographic factors all have an important role in influencing the extent of trust and the subsequent intention of customers to engage in and use online banking services provided by the financial institutions. When it comes to the literature gap, there remains a relative lack of existence of research on the subject of consumer trust in online banking within Saudi Arabia (Zhou, 2012; Alanezi and Brooks, 2014; AL-Malkawi et al., 2016), which presents a gap in the literature warranting further research. Moreover, most of the prior research on the subject of consumer trust in online banking has concentrated on the information cues such as reputation and information quality (Montazemi and Qahri-Saremi, 2015). This is alongside relatively little attention given to other factors such as perceived usefulness, ease of use, shared value, and privacy/security, which are crucial factors in online banking services (Fatima, 2011; Aloul., 2012; Montazemi and Qahri-Saremi, 2015). Regarding methodology, the positivist research philosophy, deductive approach, survey questionnaire and quantitative data collection and analysis techniques were undertaken. A key rationale for selection of such a methodology is the review of relevant literature, which led to development of research hypotheses that are tested through the survey technique, which is consistent with positivist and deductive research approach. The survey questionnaire request was sent online to 800 research participants (users of online services in Saudi Arabia). Out of these 800, 585 responded (indicating a response rate of an impressive 73%). The response rate was improved through giving regular reminders to the research participants who had not responded to the survey earlier. The findings of this research support the argument that trust in e-bank website play an important role in maintaining long term relationship with customers. Therefore, online banks who deal with their customers in a confidential, transparent and honest manner and ultimately protect the consumers' interests are likely to contribute to greater adoption of online banking by customers in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, it is also concluded that perceived ease of use, trust in online banking website, trust in technology, relationship termination cost, privacy/security, shared value, and communication have positive and significant effect on customer trust in e-bank website, intention to use online banking, and e-WOM.
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Verdasca, Ana Teresa. "Assédio moral no trabalho : uma aplicação ao sector bancário português." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2220.
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Doutoramento em Sociologia Económica e das Organizações<br>Embora a temática do assédio moral no local de trabalho seja um tópico de investigação relativamente recente, tem vindo a despertar um interesse crescente junto da comunidade académica. Este projecto tem como propósito contribuir para a investigação existente sobre assédio moral no local de trabalho, através do estudo deste fenómeno no sector bancário português. Nesse sentido foi realizado um estudo empírico, utilizando simultaneamente uma metodologia quantitativa e qualitativa, e tendo como objectivos específicos: Medir o nível de incidência de assédio moral quer em termos de auto-percepção (subjectivo) quer em termos comportamentais (objectivo); Caracterizar a experiência de ser alvo de assédio moral, identificar os comportamentos mais frequentes e principais estratégias utilizadas pelas vítimas, no decorrer do processo; Analisar a relação entre diversos factores organizacionais e socioeconómicos e a ocorrência de assédio moral no local de trabalho; Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o nível de incidência de assédio moral de carácter severo ascende a 5,9% (subjectivo) e a 39,8%, do ponto de vista comportamental (objectivo). Uma análise de componentes principais revelou três dimensões (assédio relacionado com o trabalho, assédio organizacional e assédio pessoal), as quais explicam 64,8% da variação das variáveis originais. No que se refere aos factores organizacionais potencialmente geradores de assédio moral no local de trabalho, confirmaram-se globalmente as hipóteses definidas à partida, tendo-se constatado uma associação positiva entre stress laboral, comportamentos políticos, atribuição de prémios e recompensas, grandes mudanças organizacionais e assédio moral no trabalho. Confirmou-se também a associação negativa entre comportamentos de cidadania organizacional e assédio moral no local de trabalho e ainda o papel mediador desta variável em contextos de grandes mudanças organizacionais.<br>Despite being a fairly recent research topic, workplace bullying has received increasing attention in recent years from the academic community. The aim of this study is to contribute to the existing research on workplace bullying through the study of this phenomenon in the Portuguese banking sector. In order to do it, we made use of both quantitative and qualitative data analysis, having as specific goals: to measure the prevalence of workplace bullying in the Portuguese banking sector, both trough a definition (subjective perception) and a list of bullying behaviours; to describe the experience of being victimized, the most frequent behaviours and the different strategies used by victims; to analyze the role played by the work and socioeconomic factors in the emergence of workplace bullying. The findings show that the incidence level of severe workplace bullying amounts to 5,9%, according to the subjective perception of victims, and to 39,8%, according to the list of bullying behaviours. A principal component analysis of the construct has revealed three components, labelled work related, organizational and personal bullying, accounting for 64,8% of the total variance. Regarding socioeconomic, organizational and work related factors, the results have shown a positive association amongst workload and stress, political behaviours, rewards and benefits and the emergence of workplace bullying. A negative association between organizational citizenship behaviour and workplace bullying has also been found and also a mediator role of organizational citizenship behaviour over organizational changes in the emergence of workplace bullying.
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Ballim, Goolam Hoosen. "Interest rate behaviour in a more transparent South African monetary policy environment." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004462.
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South Africa introduced inflation targeting as a monetary policy framework in 2000. This marked a sizable shift in monetary policy management from the previous "eclectic" approach and the explicit focus on M3 money supply before that. The study appraises the effectiveness of monetary policy under this new dispensation. However, the analysis does not centre on inflation outcomes, which can be a measure of effectiveness because they are the overriding objective of the South African Reserve Bank in effect, it is possible to have a target-friendly inflation rate for a length of time despite monetary policy that is ambiguous and encourages unpredictability in market interest rates. However, persistent policy opaqueness can, over time, damage a favourable inflation scenario. For instance, if the public is unsure about the Reserve Bank's desired inflation target, price setting in the wage and goods markets may eventually produce an inflation outcome that is higher than the Bank may have intended. Rather, this study adjudicates the effectiveness of monetary policy within the context of policy transparency, which is an intrinsic part of the inflation targeting framework. The study looks at the extent to which monetary policy transparency has enhanced both the anticipatory nature of the market's response to policy actions and the force that policy has on all interest rates in the financial system, particularly long-term rates. These concepts are important because through the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, the more deft market participants are at anticipating future Reserve Bank policy the greater the Bank's ability to steady the economy before the actual policy event. With the aid of regression models to estimate the response of market rates to policy changes, the results show that there is significant movement in market rates in anticipation of policy action, rather than on the day of the event or the day after. Indeed, the estimates for market rates movement on the day of and even the day after the policy action are generally minute. For instance, the R157 long-term government bond yield changes by a significant 41 basis points in response to a one percentage point change in the Reserve Bank's benchmark repo rate in the period between the last policy action and the day preceding the current action. In contrast, the R157 bond yield changes by an insignificant 2 basis points on the day of the current repo rate change and about 1 basis point the day after the current change. The results point to a robust relationship between policy transparency and the market's ability to foresee rate action. If this were not the case, it is likely that there would be persistent market surprise and, hence, noticeable movement in interest rates on the day of the rate action and perhaps even the day after. Another important observation is that monetary policy impacts significantly on both short- and long-term market rates. Again, certifying the robustness of monetary policy under the inflation targeting regime
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Hallström, Viktor, and Oskar Månsson. "Konkurrensen inom banksektorn : - en kvalitativ studie om bankkunders upplevelser av ett bankbyte." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-25516.
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Despite that the Swedish banking sector consists of many different actors, which provides more options for consumers in their choice of bank, the four major banks, Nordea, Swedbank, Handelsbanken and SEB, have a superior position in the banking sector. Although previous research shows that consumers lose confidence in the four major banks, there is still low consumer mobility in the banking sector. A change of bank is often described as a complicated process that takes a lot of time, which discourages consumers from implementing the change. This is a qualitative study of how bank customers experienced the change of bank. The purpose of this study is to gain a further understanding of how bank customers experience a bank change and what switching costs they experienced. The study is conducted with a deductive approach where previous research forms the basis for the interview questions used to collect data. A compilation of three well-known and widely used references about switching costs has formed the basis for the interviews questions. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with respondents who have changed banks in the past year. After the interviews have been presented, these are analyzed and the results of the study show that the respondents have experienced the change of bank as smoothly. The study concludes with a discussion about how customer mobility in the Swedish banking sector may increase.<br>Trots att den svenska banksektorn består av många olika aktörer vilket ger flera alternativ för konsumenterna i deras val av bank har de fyra storbankerna, Nordea, Swedbank, Handelsbanken och SEB, en överlägsen position inom banksektorn. Fastän undersökningar visar att konsumenterna tappar förtroende för storbankerna är det fortsatt låg bytesintensitet inom banksektorn. Ett byte av bank beskrivs ofta som en krånglig process som tar lång tid vilket avskräcker konsumenterna att genomföra bytet. Detta är en kvalitativ studie om hur bankkunder som genomfört ett bankbyte upplevt det. Syftet med denna studie är att få en mer djupgående förståelse för hur svenska bankkunder upplever ett bankbyte och vilka byteskostnader som upplevts vid bytet av bank. Studien utförs med ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt där tidigare forskning utgör grunden för intervjufrågorna som används för att samla in data. En sammanställning av tre välkända och allmänt använda referenser om byteskostnader har utgjort grunden för intervjufrågorna. Tio semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med respondenter som har bytt bank under det senaste året. Efter att intervjuerna presenteras analyseras empirin och studiens resultat visar att bankkunderna har upplevt bankbytet som smidigt. Studien avslutas med en diskussion angående hur kundrörligheten inom banksektorn kan tänkas öka.
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Omoge, Akinyemi Paul. "The direct and mediated effects of customer relationship management (CRM) systems usage as service delivery channels on consumer buying behaviour : an empirical appraisal of the context of the Nigerian banking industry." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2139.
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Ample evidence from the literature suggests that in recent years, banks have been heavily investing in customer relationship management (CRM) systems. The reasons for this are traced to banks' emergent need to gain and sustain competitive advantage through greater knowledge of their customers. In turn, this increased knowledge is likely to also lead to increased: a) customer base, b) customer satisfaction, c) customer retention and, d) customer loyalty. The literature suggests that there is a knowledge gap, which relates to the reasons for CRM systems in adoption and usage as service delivery channels, as well as its effects on banks' customers. This is particularly the case with regards to the banks' customers' buying behaviour and is stemming from the fact that bank customers display some unique buying patterns. Based on the above, the aim of this study is to find out whether or not there is a potential influence of newly implemented CRM systems on consumer buying behaviour in the context of the Nigerian banking industry and also to assess the extent and nature of this influence (if any).
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Рисін, М. В. "Фактори, що впливають на поведінку суб'єктів довгострокового кредитування". Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61345.
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Johar, Khaled, and Agnieszka Inglot. "Evaluation of smart contracts implementation in e-bank transaction : A dynamic approach to measure the behaviour of transaction system with smart contract." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationssystem och –teknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42849.
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In recent years, blockchain has received more attention in different areas wheredifferent chains show unique properties. Society has been strongly affected by thegrowth of technology and digitalization. Despite the success, the banking system is ina stagnant state in the development of the transaction system. Smart contracts havemore significant potential to be used against blockchain. The contract does not requiremanual handling but could operate independently during all hours of the day. Inaddition, limit them by being applied solely to enable an overview of completedtransactions. A challenge seen with implementing the technology from the bank'sperspective is a new type of form of cooperation. If Ethereum succeeds in proving itselfin its Proof of stake model, there is great potential for a more significant part of thebanking industry to start using smart contracts. The purpose of the study was toinvestigate the effects of implementing smart contracts in a dynamic transaction systemover time. Data obtained from interviews and literature study was the basis formodeling the system. The study aimed to carry out simulations to then be able toevaluate the effects. According to the interviews, blockchain is seen more as a tool tosolve particular problems. The simulations show how the entities in the system areaffected over time when the technology smart contracts are applied.
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Rose, Janelle. "Predicting mature consumers' attitudes towards use of self-service technologies in the financial services context." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2007. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00003554/.
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[Abstract]: The combination of increased numbers of ageing consumers, decreased access to personal services, and reluctance to use self-service technologies (SSTs) among some mature consumers highlighted the need to identify the factors that influence the use of these technologies. In the Australian context, research investigating mature consumers is an emerging area with limited knowledge relating to their use of SSTs.Through extending the original technology acceptance model (TAM), a well-established model from the information technology domain, this thesis incorporated six external variables into the model and investigated the use of SSTs among mature consumers in the financial services context. The thesis also examined the moderating effects of demographic characteristics on the relationships within the extended TAM (ETAM).Using cross sectional data from a sample of 208 mature consumers in Study 1, the original TAM and ETAM were tested. Based on these findings, improvements were made for Study 2, where the modified models were tested on data from a national sample of 2,253 mature consumers. Path analysis indicated that self-efficacy, technology discomfort, perceived risk and personal contact made a significant unique contribution to predicting attitude and behaviour over and above the two belief variables in TAM, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The four variables in the ETAM were significant predictors of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Results also suggested that age and education act as moderating variables in this model. These findings can serve as a basis for designing educational and communication strategies to foster greater use of SSTs in the financial context among mature consumers.A second aim of this thesis was to explore usage patterns of self-service banking technologies (SSBTs) among different segments of the mature consumer market in Australia. The diversity of the mature consumer market was reflected through establishing three behavioural segments, namely non-users, low users and medium-to-high users of SSBTs, providing a deeper understanding of mature consumers’ knowledge and patterns of behaviour towards using these technologies and personal services in the financial context.The findings contributed to the understanding of mature consumers’ behaviour towards SSBTs for academics, financial practice and policy formation by government and not-for-profit senior organisations responsible for improving financial literacy and productive ageing among mature consumers.