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Liu, Minghua. "Bank supervision in Hong Kong." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304804.
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Dhliwayo, Charity Lindile. "Bank supervision in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Bangor University, 1990. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/bank-supervision-in-zimbabwe(8c6b037b-e540-4fdd-a678-4fa8de5a04b4).html.
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Concern with bank failures and crises due to the increased volume and complexity of banking risks has emphasised banking regulatory policy that is aimed towards helping to ensure bank safety. In response to the changing banking environment, prudential supervision has increased in importance. This study is an empirical evaluation of the impact of the present and evolving supervisory system in Zimbabwe. The ultimate aim is to identify the most appropriate system that can best meet supervisory objectives. It is found that capital adequacy supervision is a central requirement for effective supervision. Three research methods were applied to the problem: field survey, theory and related statistical analysis, and simulation. The field survey established the pressures leading to supervision, and the objectives, instruments and likely effects of supervision in Zimbabwe. Theory and practical policy considerations were then used to draw out the potential empirical effects of supervision. For statistical testing purposes, supervision was proxied as the imposition of capital adequacy constraints. The general methodological approach used was to analyse trends in performance and condition of banks before and after the implementation of supervision. Since the Zimbabwean supervisory system is new, a comparative study of other developing countries' supervision was undertaken. Non-statistical, financial simulation experiments were then carried out to illustrate more clearly the important policy implications of the results. xviii The results confirmed the importance of capital adequacy analysis. It was concluded that capital ratios should be strengthened as volume of operations increased and the operating environment became risky. Whilst gearing ratios were useful in relating the volume of operations to capital strength, the results indicated the comparative suitability of adopting the risk assets ratios which facilitates more detailed risk appraisal. However, it was concluded that capital ratios, used alone, are not adequate indicators of overall prudential soundness. Close and adequate monitoring of all bank operations are also essential.
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Mendonça, Frederico Cavaleiro de. "Banking supervision in the European Union : the conflict between monetary policy and supervision." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20639.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraEsta dissertação analisa a supervisão bancária na União Europeia e o possível conflito de interesses entre política monetária e supervisão, que pode acontecer como consequência da integração das funções de supervisão e regulação bancária no Banco Central Europeu. A secção empírica considera o tema pelo lado da supervisão, tendo como referência o cumprimento dos princípios fundamentais de Basileia para uma supervisão bancária eficaz e procurando avaliar se a estrutura de supervisão tem impacto no cumprimento dos mesmos. Foi considerada uma amostra de 22 países e realizada uma cross-sectional anlysis. Os resultados sugerem que a estrutura de supervisão não tem significância no cumprimento dos princípios em questão. Pelo contrário, a liberdade financeira é uma variável com significância.
This dissertation analyses the banking supervision in the European Union and the possible conflict of interests between monetary policy and supervision due to the integration of banking supervision and regulation duties within the European Central Bank (ECB). The empirical section considers the topic on the supervision side, looking at the compliance with the Basel Core Principles (BCP) for effective supervision as a benchmark, trying to assess whether the banking supervision framework has significant impact on the best supervision practises. A sample of 22 countries and a cross-sectional analysis was considered. The results suggest that the supervisory structure has no significance on the compliance with the BCP. On the contrary, financial freedom is a significant variable.
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Cao, Zhili. "Systemic risk measures, banking supervision and financial stability." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10014/document.
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Cette thèse analyse les sources d’inefficacité qui peuvent générer un risque systémique au sein du système financier et étudie les différentes mesures associées. Le premier article présente une revue de la littérature sur le risque systémique et la politique macroprudentielle : 1) les effets négatifs de la procyclicité pour le système financier dans son ensemble ainsi que pour l’économie réelle; 2) le risque de contagion entre institutions financières. Le second article de la thèse propose une nouvelle mesure du risque systémique visant à capturer efficacement l’importance systémique de chaque institution financière au sein d’un système donné. Le troisième article de la thèse analyse la structure de la dette des banques. Les banques choisissent la maturité de leur dette à court et/ou long terme. Les externalités négatives générées par l’excès de financement de court terme n’apparaissent que lorsque la probabilité d’un choc macroéconomique est suffisamment largeThis thesis analysis the inefficiencies which may trigger the systemic risks in the financial system and studies the related measures to quantify such risks. The first article surveys the systemic risk in the financial system and the related macro-prudential policy: 1) the pro-cyclicality effect is harmful to the whole financial system as well as to the real economy; 2) the contagion risk among financial institutions. The second article of thesis proposes a new systemic risk measure to efficiently capture the systemic importance of each financial institution within a given system. The term systemic risk refers to the contagion risk to which each bank contributes to the financial system. The third article of thesis analysis the debt structure in the banking sector. Banks choose their debt maturity structure by weighting short term against long term debt. The externalities caused by over borrowing in short term debt exist only when the probability of macro shock is large
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Yan, Meilan. "An assessment of UK banking liquidity regulation and supervision." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12666.
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This thesis assesses UK banking liquidity regulation and supervision and the Basel liquidity requirements, and models banks' liquidity risk. The study reveals that the FSA's risk-assessment framework before 2008 was too general without specifically considering banks' liquidity risk (as well as its failures on Northern Rock). The study also lists the limitations of the FSA's banking liquidity regimes before 2008. The thesis reviews whether the FSA's new liquidity regimes after 2008 would have coped with UK banks' liquidity risks if they have been applied properly. The fundamental changes in the FSA's liquidity supervision reflect three considerations. First, it introduces a systemic control requirement by measuring individual fifirm's liquidity risk with a market-wide stress or combination of idiosyncratic and market-wide stresses. Second, it emphasizes the monitoring of business model risks and the capability of senior managers. Third, it allows both internal and external managers to access more information by increasing the liquidity reporting frequencies. The thesis also comments on the Basel Liquidity Principles of 2008 and the two Liquidity Standards. The Principles of 2008 represents a substantial revision of the Principles of 2000 and reflect the lessons of the fifinancial market turmoil since 2007. The study argues that the implementation of the sound principles by banks and supervisors should be fexible, but also need to be consistent to make sure they understand banks' liquidity positions quite well. The study also explains the composition of the Basel liquidity ratios as well as the side effect of Basel liquidity standards; for example, it will reshape interbank deposit markets and bond markets as a result of the increase in demand for `liquid assets' and `stable funding'. This thesis uses quantitative balance sheet liquidity analysis, based upon modified versions of the BCBS (2010b) and Moody's (2001) models, to estimate eight UK banks' short and long-term liquidity positions from 2005 to 2010 respectively. The study shows that only Barclays Bank remained liquid on a short-term basis throughout the sample period (2005-2010); while the HSBC Bank also proved liquid on a short-term basis, although not in 2008 and 2010. On a long-term basis, RBS has remained liquid since 2008 after receiving government support; while Santander UK also proved liquid, except in 2009. The other banks,especially Natwest, are shown to have faced challenging conditions, on both a short-term and long-term basis, over the sample period. This thesis also uses the Exposure-Based Cash-Flow-at-Risk (CFaR) model to forecast UK banks' liquidity risk. Based on annual data over the period 1997 to 2010, the study predicts that by the end of 2011, the (102) UK banks' average CFaR at the 95% confidence level will be -£5.76 billion, Barclays Bank's (Barclays') CFaR will be -£0.34 billion, the Royal Bank of Scotland's (RBS's) CFaR will be -£40.29 billion, HSBC Bank's (HSBC's) CFaR will be £0.67 billion, Lloyds TSB Bank's (Lloyds TSB's) CFaR will be -£4.90 billion, National Westminister Bank's (Natwest's) CFaR will be -£10.38 billion, and Nationwide Building Society's (Nationwide's) CFaR will be -£0.72 billion. Moreover, it is clear that Lloyds TSB and Natwest are associated with the largest risk, according to the biggest percentage difference between downside cash flow and expected cash flow (3600% and 816% respectively). Since I summarize a bank's liquidity risk exposure in a single number (CFaR), which is the maximum shortfall given the targeted probability level, it can be directly compared to the bank's risk tolerance and used to guide corporate risk management decisions. Finally, this thesis estimates the long-term United Kingdom economic impact of the Basel III capital and liquidity requirements. Using quarterly data over the period 1997:q1 to 2010:q2, the study employs a non-linear-in-factor probit model to show increases in bank capital and liquidity would reduce the probability of a bank crisis significantly. The study estimates the long-run cost of the Basel III requirements with a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), which shows holding higher capital and liquidity would reduce output by a small amount but increase bank profitability in the long run. The maximum temporary net benefit and permanent net benefit is shown to be 1.284% and 35.484% of pre-crisis GDP respectively when the tangible common equity ratio stays at 10%. Assuming all UK banks also meet the Basel III long-term liquidity requirements, the temporary net benefit and permanent net benefit will be 0.347% and 14.318% of pre-crisis GDP respectively. Therefore, the results suggest that, in terms of the impact on output, there is considerable room to further tighten capital and liquidity requirements, while still providing positive effects for the United Kingdom economy.
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Schoenmaker, Dirk. "Central banking and financial stability : the central bank's role in banking supervision and payment systems." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362512.
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The thesis evaluates the role of the central bank in preserving financial stability and analyses the consequences for the structure of banking supervision and payment systems. The first chapter examines whether there is a need for a lender of last resort to maintain systemic stability. The literature on the concept of lender of last resort is critically assessed. The crucial issue is whether there is contagion risk in banking. A model is constructed to test for contagion risk. The results indicate that there is contagion risk in banking. An initial failure could generate further failures without intervention by the authorities. There is, therefore, still a role for the central bank as lender of last resort to assist ailing banks, whose failure may have a systemic impact. The second chapter investigates whether it then follows that the central bank should conduct banking supervision. The main argument for separating the functions of monetary policy and banking supervision is that combining them might lead to a conflict of interest. An argument against is that separation is inconsistent with the central bank's concern for systemic stability. In a cross-country survey of 104 bank failures, a trend towards using tax-payers' money for bank rescues is observed. This strengthens the case for assigning the supervisory function to a government agency. But it would be difficult to have a complete division, since the central bank generally remains the only source of immediate funding. The final two chapters deal with interbank payment systems. The third chapter reviews existing payment system arrangements and highlights their shortcomings. Payment systems are the key channels for the spread of systemic risk. It is found that central banks are currently the implicit guarantors of payment systems. The fourth chapter presents a model to analyse the alternatives for reducing the fragility in payment systems. The first is private loss-sharing in case one (or more) of the participants fails to settle. A methodology to measure the cost of loss-sharing is developed. Alternatively, banks can move to gross settlement, but banks need collateral before making payments. The trade-off between collateral holdings and payment delays is incorporated in the model. The results indicate that the estimated cost of gross settlement exceeds the expected value of settlement and systemic risk in net settlement. 2
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Cass, Brian E. "Basle's Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision, maintaining the momentum." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq39177.pdf.
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Kaal, Wulf Alexander. "Hedge fund regulation by banking supervision : a comparative institutional analysis /." Frankfurt am Main [u. a.] : Lang, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/502979569.pdf.
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Ehtawish, Salem. "Effectiveness of regulation and supervision in the Libyan banking system." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423893.
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Abdel, Al Qasem. "Islamic banking regulation and supervision : a case study of Jordan." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7613.
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Regulation and supervision of banks has acquired a great interest over the last two decades in order to control banks' risks after many shocks affected banks' soundness. On an international level, the standards of Banking Supervision Committee of Basel have become the international standards for all banks in developed and developing countries. Basel standards were designed basically for conventional banks. Nevertheless, as Islamic banks are based on profit-loss-sharing (PLS) arrangements, some of these standards are not applicable to Islamic banks. The objective of this study is to investigate the foundations for regulation and supervision of Islamic banks. To achieve this objective, the study has adopted two methodologies. The first methodology is based on longitudinal data for banks in Jordan for the period 1990-2000. This methodology covers the effectiveness of capital regulation that aims to control banks' risk; also, credit risk, liquidity ratio, and loan-loss- provisions are tested. Regression of OLS, fixed and random effect were used. The second methodology is based on a questionnaire approach. Questionnaires are designed to answer seven questions relating to the general objectives of regulation and supervision of Islamic banks, the objectives of deposit protection, licensing conditions, credit risk, liquidity risk, factors determining the capital adequacy ratios and the information disclosures. Data is gathered from the Central Bank of Jordan, Islamic banks, conventional banks and external auditors in Jordan. Descriptive and variance analyses are used to analyze this data. It is declared that the characteristics of the PLS and their risks are different from those of conventional banks, therefore, Islamic banks are in need of special capital adequacy ratios, internal control systems, risk and liquidity management policies, and information disclosure standards appropriate for their characteristics.
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Mlozi, Patricia Francis. "Towards prudential banking regulation and supervision : the case of Tanzania." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390930.
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This thesis examines the evolution, quality and measures of improvement of Tanzania's commercial banking regulation and supervision. It is based on the belief that regulation and supervision play an essential role in maintaining a sound and stable banking industry. Although the subject of banking regulation and supervision has been widely discussed in European Union countries and in the United States, it is only now that the subject is becoming of growing importance to Tanzania. The move is necessitated by the need to conform to the political, social and economic transformation that has been taking place in the country since 1986 under the structural adjustment programs (SAPs). The study divides the country's banking and its regulation and supervision into three periods: the pre and colonial (1880-1960), the post-colonial (1961-1989) and finally, the contemporary (1991-2000). Each of these periods is examined separately, and then comparedt o eacho ther. The researcherb elieves that, in reviewing the past, we are able to determine future developments. The findings of the study indicate that the main features of Tanzania's commercial banking sector and its legal framework during the colonial and post-colonial era have been largely determined by the experiences of colonialism. Despite the Arusha Declaration policies established six years after independence, the banking industry and its legal framework of regulation and supervision remained overshadowed by government directives and Bank of Tanzania sector guidelines. The year 1991 saw major reforms of the industry by government, partly in response to the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development initiatives, (SAPs). However, in an attempt to establish a contemporary banking legal framework, the government relied on models that ignored the growing difference between developed economies and developing economies. Consequently, the current framework though satisfactory, has some loopholes and is in certain cases unable to take into account the realities of the local environment. Furthermore, the empirical findings of the study have illustrated that the practical aspects of the regulation and supervision of commercial banks have significant shortcomings. These problems are particularly acute because the banking industry is still vulnerable to major structural change through economic frailty, mergers, bankruptcy and failures. After identifying these weaknesses, the study makes recommendations designed to help policy-makers strengthen the law, regulatory and supervisory structure, by taking into account the local banking industry environment. Finally, the study is concluded with a summary assessment of the period under review. It is argued that the 1990's changes were indeed a step towards prudential banking regulation and supervision in Tanzania. Nevertheless, in the light of the shortcomings mentioned above and as part of the emphasis on an effective and efficient framework, the need constantly to review the system and adapt changes that are designed to improve the banking industry and its regulation and supervision remain essential in achieving prudential standards.
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Gasparini, Greta <1997>. "The European approach to consolidated supervision in the banking sector." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21714.
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The banking sector has experienced significant transformations in the past decades and the underlying reasons derive both from macroeconomic conditions and structural changes.
The thesis aims to investigate banking consolidation, firstly by examining the motives for consolidating and the relative challenges, and secondly by analyzing recent trends in merger and acquisition activity in Europe and Italy.
The study continues with an analysis on consolidated supervision, where the broad European Supervisory Framework is described and the European Central Bank "Guide on the supervisory approach to consolidation in the banking sector" (published in January 2021) is examined in detail.
Lastly, an overview on cross-border integration of the European banking market is given, outlining the main advantages and exploring the key reasons why it has been limited during the past decades.
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Walker, George Alexander. "International banking supervision : a critical examination of the Basle Committee framework." Thesis, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252484.
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Babis, Stavroula-Valia. "Regulation and supervision of cross-border banking groups : the legal perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708322.
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Schlottfeldt, Cristiane Lauer. "Supervisão bancária e o papel dos bancos centrais : teoria, experiências internacionais e evidências empíricas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/22650.
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Os Bancos Centrais executam a primordial função de buscar a estabilidade monetária em seus respectivos países. Além disto, são também responsáveis pela condução e gerenciamento do sistema de pagamentos e pela condição de prestamista de última instância. As atividades de fiscalização do sistema bancário, no entanto, podem ou não ser de incumbência das autoridades monetárias. Percebe-se, ao longo das décadas mais recentes, que alguns países vêm promovendo mudanças em suas estruturas de alocação das áreas de supervisão, tanto no sentido de delegar esta responsabilidade a uma agência quanto na possibilidade de integrar a supervisão bancária com outras áreas, tais como a de seguros e a do mercado de capitais e títulos. Estas questões, como a de deixar ou não a supervisão inserida dentro dos bancos centrais, e a da sua integração ou não com outras áreas, têm proporcionado diversos debates, tendo sido apontados tanto pontos favoráveis quanto desfavoráveis, em cada uma das situações propostas. No entanto, estes discursos são ainda incipientes, e tal análise ainda carece de novas reflexões. Foi a dificuldade teórica em se definir um modelo de maior eficiência institucional para os países que serviu como ponto de partida e incentivo para o presente estudo. Desta forma, o trabalho aqui apresentado teve como objetivo principal o de identificar características comuns entre alguns dos países que adotam modelos similares. Com base em testes econométricos, foram buscadas associações por meio de probabilidades. Os demais objetivos foram os de mostrar e discutir as experiências de alguns destes países, bem como evidências empíricas encontradas até o presente momento relacionadas ao tema principal deste trabalho. Além disto, a pesquisa descrita também procurou levantar as vantagens e as desvantagens de cada modelo. Os resultados encontrados mostraram haver relação entre os modelos adotados e os poderes do órgão supervisor, os poderes da auditoria externa, a localização geográfica, os índices de inflação, de renda, de nível de consolidação da supervisão financeira, de envolvimento do banco central no processo de supervisão e avaliação do sistema legal. Foi possível concluir que, seja qual for o modelo escolhido, a autoridade monetária deve continuar com alguma forma de participação no processo, seja de forma direta ou indireta, através de canais de comunicação abertos entre esta e os demais órgãos ou agências envolvidos. Isto se deve, principalmente, à ligação estreita que existe entre a solidez do sistema financeiro e a estabilidade monetária de um país, bem como pelo fato das funções de prestamista de última instância e de responsável pelos sistemas de pagamento permanecerem inseridas dentro dos bancos centrais.Central Banks perform as their main function the search for monetary stability in their respective countries. Besides, they are also responsible for conducting and managing the national payments systems as well as for the condition of lender of last resort. The activities of banking supervision, however, may fall or not under the responsibility of Central Banks. One can realize, along the last decades, that some countries have been implementing some changes in their institutional allocation of banking supervision, either by delegating this responsibility to an agency (external to Central Bank) or by integrating banking supervision with different areas, such as supervision of insurance companies and capital/securities markets. Questions such as “to leave or not banking supervision under the responsibility of central banks?” or “to integrate or not banking supervision with different areas?” have generated several debates, and different aspects, favourable or not, have been pointed out, in each of the proposed situations. However, those discussions are still incipient, and this analysis is still lacking further reflection. It was exactly the theoretical challenge to define a model which should present a bigger institutional efficiency for different countries that has served both as a starting point and as a motivation for the present study. This way, the main goal of the present work was to identify some characteristics in common among some of the countries which have adopted similar models. Based in econometric tests, some associations between selected variables were searched, by means of probabilities estimation. The remainder objectives of the present research are described as follows: to present and to discuss the related experiences of a few selected countries which had adopted some of the analyzed models; to show some empirical evidences which are associated to the same analysis. Moreover, the here described research was also directed to collect the advantages and disadvantages that could be found out in each model. The achieved results pointed out to the existence of a relationship between the adopted model and the powers that the supervisory agency may possess; the powers of external auditing; geographical localization; income indexes; inflation indexes; indexes of level of consolidation of financial supervision; indexes to estimate the involvement of a central bank in the banking supervision process; and finally, an evaluation of the respective national legal system. It was also possible to conclude that, whatever is the selected model, the monetary authority should maintain some sort of participation in this process, either directly or indirectly; by means of communication channels that must be established between this authority and the remainder involved hierarchical structures or agencies. This conclusion is chiefly due to the close link that exists between the strength of a financial system and the monetary stability of a country, as well as to the fact that the functions of lender of last resort and the responsibility for the national payments system are still being under the responsibility of central banks.
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Lee, Sai-kit, and 李世傑. "The role of supervisory authorities in maintaining banking system stability in 1990's: a comparison betweenHong Kong (Hong Kong Monetary Authority) and Japan (The Ministry ofFinance)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31952100.
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Bastos, Ana Filipa Rodrigues. "O Banco Espírito Santo e a união bancária : o caso BES na ótica da supervisão e resolução no sector bancário europeu." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16517.
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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusA edificação da União Bancária veio servir os propósitos de proporcionar maior estabilidade aos mercados financeiros, simultaneamente conferindo maior confiança e solidez aos mesmos, providenciando um quadro jurídico único apoiado nos alicerces dos Mecanismos Únicos de Supervisão e Resolução e do Fundo de Garantia de Depósitos, no contexto dos pós-crise financeira de 2007. O desmoronamento do império do Banco Espírito Santo que culmina na criação do Novo Banco, uma nova instituição financeira que absorveu as atividades cruciais do definhado e insolvente BES, surgiu no período de construção do projeto da União Bancária, não tendo este podido beneficiar dos mecanismos construídos a pensar em casos como o do BES. Poderia ter o Banco Espírito Santo beneficiado das práticas implementadas pela União Bancária e pelos seus Mecanismos Únicos de Resolução e Supervisão? Os termos definidos pelo BdP como solução para o caso BES encontraram-se em linha com o estabelecido a nível legislativo europeu em matéria de resolução, porém, em termos de supervisão houve falhas por parte do BdP em identificar o grau de severidade em que se encontravam as contas do BES.
The Banking Union has been built with the purpose of providing stability to the financial markets, simultaneously improving the trust and sturdiness of it, by offering a unified set of rules set by the Single Supervisory and Resolution Mechanisms as well as a Single Deposit Guarantee Scheme, in the aftermath of the financial crises of 2007. The collapse of Banco Espírito Santo's empire which culminated in the creation of Novo Banco, a new financial institution whose aim was to absorb core activities from the weakened and insolvent BES, occurred in the period of construction of the Banking Union, which disabled BES from reaping the benefits of the mechanisms built to provide aid in such cases. Could Banco Espírito Santo have benefited from the guidelines and practices implemented by the Banking Union and their Supervisory and Resolution Mechanisms? The terms imposed by BdP as a solution to BES are aligned with what has later been established by the EU in terms of banking resolution, however there were supervisory flaws detected in BdP's conduct in the identification of the degree of significance concerning the balance sheets of BES.
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Adeyemo, Folashade. "Towards clarifying the powers of the Nigerian banking regulator." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/15580.
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This thesis examines banking regulation in Nigeria. The thesis has three main objectives; First, to elucidate the role and powers of the Central Bank of Nigeria, (CBN) as the apex regulator for the financial system and within the context of banking failures and crises. Second, to engage in a discourse vis-à-vis the law on banking regulation in Nigeria, with a particular focus on the revocation of banking licenses. Finally, to explore the role of other regulatory bodies which work with the CBN. This thesis provides a historical analysis of banking exchanges from the pre-colonial era to modern times, in order to provide an understanding of how political, local and economic settings as well as theories of regulation have impacted and influenced the development of banking regulation in Nigeria. The thesis concludes that the development of banking regulation has been a consequence of the aforementioned factors. The research examines Nigeria's historical experiences with banking failures, including the banking crisis of 2008. The thesis finds that the Nigerian regulator has adopted a reactionary strategy instead of a proactive and pragmatic approach to the various crises, which is imperative for an effective banking regulatory regime. Given the outcome of this examination, the thesis makes a case for reform. In addition, the study examines the banking consolidation, a recapitalization exercise implemented by the CBN in 2004. This mandated all banks to achieve a set minimum capital base. It examines the legal issues which surfaced, including the revocation of banking licenses by the CBN, arguably in 'bad faith', in order to cogitate the overall potential impact on banking regulation. The research embraces the UK and the US as comparator jurisdictions, so as to distill and critique their responses to the global financial crisis of 2007, against the backdrop of the approach adopted in the Nigerian banking crisis of 2008. It finds that the Nigerian response was the least effective of these jurisdictions and that cogent lessons may be drawn from the comparator jurisdictions. Furthermore, the thesis discusses possible reforms to move forward banking regulation in Nigeria.
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Приходько, В. П. "Базельські принципи банківського нагляду як концептуальний фактор правового регулювання банківської діяльності в Україн." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2006. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61962.
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Однією з
найважливіших складових інтеграційних процесів стала європейська банківська
система, яка динамічно розвивається.One of them the most important components of integration processes was European banking a system that is dynamically developing.
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Peihani, Maziar. "Basel committee on banking supervision : a post-crisis analysis of governance and accountability." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51489.
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The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) was established in 1974 as an informal group of central bankers and bank supervisors with the mandate to formulate supervisory standards and guidelines. Although the Committee does not have any formal supranational authority, it is the de facto global banking regulator and its recommendations have been widely implemented by member and non-member states. This thesis investigates the BCBS’s governance, operation, and policy outcomes to determine the extent to which it is and has been legitimate. The point of departure for my analysis is the literature on legitimacy in law, political science, and international relations. In particular, I draw upon Global Administrative Law theory (GAL) to examine the BCBS’s legitimacy against three principles: reasoned decision making, transparency, and accountability. My analysis is guided by five overarching questions: 1) Does the BCBS give reasons for its decisions? 2) Are the Committee’s governance and decision-making procedures transparent? 3) How and by what means does the BCBS consult the public in its policy-making process? 4) How and by whom is the Committee’s performance monitored? 5) Has the BCBS taken adequate measures to corrective measures to address the regulatory failures that contributed to the Global Financial Crisis (GFC)? I argue that the BCBS has gradually become a more legitimate institution but there still exists significant room for improvement. Inadequate disclosure on the BCBS’s deliberations, inadequacy and dilution of the post-crisis regulatory reforms, the underrepresentation of those constituencies without business interest or insufficient financial resources in BCBS consultations, and the absence of meaningful oversight of the BCBS’s policies, are among the areas I highlight for reform. I set out policy prescriptions to enhance the BCBS’s legitimacy, including the establishment of a new framework for transparency; creation of a proxy advocate to participate on behalf of underrepresented constituencies in the BCBS’s policy making; and the establishment of a new body to exercise active oversight of the BCBS’s operations.Law, Faculty of
Graduate
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Iftikhar, Syed Faizan. "Essays on financial liberalisation and banking supervision policies in developed and developing economies." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27770.
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This thesis discusses the liberalisation and banking regulation and supervision policies in the large data set of countries. Chapter 1 provides the detailed overview of the three distinct essays. Chapter 2 examines the impact of capital account liberalisation and financial development on economic growth by utilizing the data of 71 developed and developing countries. The empirical evidence of this chapter indicates that capital account liberalisation and financial sector development play an important role in future economic growth. More specifically, in middle and lower income countries, capital account liberalisation and financial development also have a positive and significant relationship with economic growth; the effects of capital account liberalisation in these countries are much higher than in high income countries. Chapter 3 investigates the impact of financial liberalisation and banking regulation and supervision policies on net interest margins by using the Bank-scope database of more than 1300 individual banks in 76 countries. A dynamic two-step system GMM estimation technique provides the evidence, which indicates that financial reform, financial liberalisation and banking regulation and supervision lead to lower net interest margins. Specifically, interest rate controls and barriers to entry have become more important factors in reducing interest margins. Chapter 4 also uses the Bank-scope database of the banking sector of 76 developed and developing countries to explore the relationship between financial reform, financial liberalisation and the quality of banking regulation and supervision on financial fragility, by applying a dynamic two-step system GMM panel estimator. The finding of this chapter is that the financial vulnerability of the banking sector could be affected not only by bank-specific and macro-specific variables, but also by financial liberalisation and banking regulation and supervision policies. The results show that financial reform and financial liberalisation significantly enhance the likelihood of financial fragility, while strong banking regulation and supervision reduce it.
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Wapmuk, S. E. "Banking regulation and supervision in Nigeria : an analysis of the effects of banking reforms on bank performance and financial stability." Thesis, University of Salford, 2017. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/42628/.
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This study analyses the effects of banking regulation and supervision on the performance and stability of Nigerian deposit money banks (DMBs) over the period of 2000 – 2013. Research in the area of banking regulation and supervision has gained considerable attention since the episode of the global financial crisis that started in the second half of 2007. It is against the background that both international and national regulators are continuously introducing new rules and guidelines for banking institutions to ensure sound banking systems that this study analyses the Nigerian experience. On that account, the Nigerian banking sector went through two banking reforms in 2005 and 2009 and this study employs a mixed methods approach to ascertain the effects of the reforms on the performance of Nigerian deposit money banks. This thesis adopts the use of content analysis of interview responses to examine the initiatives employed by both Nigerian regulators and bank managements towards ensuring healthy banking practices. More so, the DEA window analysis is employed in this thesis to trace the efficiency level of individual deposit money banks through the 2005 and 2009 banking reforms and the global financial crisis. While multiple regression estimations are adopted to ascertain the effects of capital adequacy, asset quality, management quality, earning ability, liquidity, sensitivity to risk, bank size, and GDP on bank efficiency, bank performance, and financial stability. The results suggest that the two Nigerian reforms led to a general increase in the performance and efficiency of Nigerian DMBs. However, the 2005 banking reforms was unable to shield the Nigerian banking sector from the adverse effect of the global financial crisis. Additionally, evidence suggests that Nigerian DMBs recovered in the post-global financial crisis period in reaction to regulatory initiatives. The results also show that resolution techniques adopted by Nigerian regulators prevented the failure of several Nigerian DMBs during the global financial crisis. This also found that DMBs fortified their internal control practices in line with the 2009 banking to reduce the build-up of non-performing loans as it was the case after the 2005 banking reforms when there was excess liquidity. However, even as the reforms led to increased efficiency scores and performance, the results show that capital injections whether in the form of capital requirement increase or bailouts do not guarantee sustained efficiency and stability. To that end, this study recommended increased surveillance of DMBs and adoption of qualitative and statistical assessments of bank performance.
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Самсонов, М. І. "Сучасні тенденції розвитку банківського нагляду та регулювання: інституційний аспект." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/59221.
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На сьогоднішній день однією з загальносвітових тенденцій в розвитку сучасних наглядових систем є консолідація зусиль державних органів з метою нагляду за ринком фінансових послуг. Поряд з цим пріоритетним стає дотримання принципу ефективності організаційної структури – досягнення цілей банківського нагляду за найменших витрат. Вибір організаційної побудови банківського нагляду визначається, в першу чергу, національними особливостями соціально-економічного розвитку країни, та зокрема, принципами функціонування її фінансового ринку і системою нагляду за ним.
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Zhang, Lin VanHoose David D. "Could sub-debts of banks be potential tools for supervision? Empirical study with data set 1999-2007 /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5183.
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Адамик, Б. П. "Напрями вдосконалення організаційної структури банківського регулювання і нагляду в Україні." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/61685.
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Питання зміни організаційної структури банківського регулювання і
нагляду в Україні є елементом наукових і практичних дискусій протягом
тривалого часу. Основою дискусій є теза про доцільність виведення нагляду
безпосередньо з компетенції НБУ і організаційної побудови органу нагляду як
окремої структури, підпорядкованої Кабінету Міністрів.
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Gelaschwili, Simon, and Andreas Nastansky. "Development of the banking sector in Georgia." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/4021/.
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The authors’ outline of the evolution of the banking sector development assesses governmental approaches to bank regulation and supervision and is a basic regulatory frame-work, needed to reduce bank failures; it characterises steps of the evolution of the banking sector and trends of its development.
The discussion focuses on: 1. Initial forming and restructuring of the banks, changes in the commercial banking sector and the reorganising of the banking systems; 2. Change of the role of the national bank and the mode of its intervention; 3. Dynamics of the banking system development in Georgia and the risks of banking activities.
The main findings suggest that 1. The Georgian banks overcame the crisis of the 90’s because of having portfolios of assets in foreign currencies and performing of the national banks function in the “lender of last resort”; 2. Regulatory and supervisory practices in Georgia develop from strict regulations to a deregulation that is most effective in promoting good performance and stability in the banking sector; 3. Alongside with the increase of banking concentration and openness the banking competition and financial risks boost too; that could be managed by further development of institutional reforms in the banking sector. There is an assess of the development and weakness of the banking sector.Entwicklung des Bankensektors in Georgien
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AVIGNONE, GIUSEPPE. "INTERNATIONAL LIQUIDITY, NEGATIVE INTEREST RATE POLICY AND BANKING SUPERVISION: EVIDENCE FROM A NATURAL EXPERIMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1048854.
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Chapter 2: Given the importance Swap lines played during the coronavirus-induced crisis, this paper analyses the impact of temporary U.S. dollar liquidity arrangements (swap lines) on international reserves (IR). Specifically, I investigate the effect that the Federal Reserve (FED) swap lines have had on the accumulation of IR of those countries involved compared to those countries that do not have any type of liquidity arrangements with the FED. By analysing a sample of 47 countries over the period 2002-2018 and a difference-in-differences methodology, I find that, overall, there is no difference in the accumulation process of IR between those countries that were involved in the global financial crisis (GFC) swap lines and those that were not. However, on close inspection, by analysing the emerging market economies (EME) sub-sample, I find empirical evidences that these countries - involved in swap lines by FED, when these GFC arrangements expired - started to accumulate reserves to a greater extent to the other considered EME. Furthermore, when I investigate whether these divergences are due to ultra-easy monetary policies or turbulence periods, I find this greater accumulation to be a phenomenon clearly wanted by the countries involved. This result suggests that swap lines involved countries that do not believe in the benevolence of Fed operations, and being more exposed to dollar shocks than other EME, they need a higher stockpile of IR. My contribution could suggest that EME will continue to follow their precautionary patterns, also after the last coronavirus swap lines.Chapter 1: This paper analyses the impact of the Banking Union on European bank credit risk. Specifically, we investigate the effect that the establishment of the Single Supervisory Mechanism has had on the credit risk of the banks it supervises in comparison to financial institutions that are still supervised by National Supervisory Authorities. We analyse a sample of 746 European banks over the period 2011-2018, by means of a difference-in-differences methodology. We provide empirical evidence that Single Supervisory Mechanism supervised banks reduced credit risk exposure compared to banks supervised by National Supervisory Authorities, suggesting that the Banking Union has successfully reduced the riskiness of the European banking sector. Our results passed a battery of robustness tests that support the reliability of our analysis. Our contribution sheds light on the benefits of centralised versus decentralised supervision, on the effectiveness of the current supervisory system in Europe, and on its impact on European bank risk.
Chapter 3: This paper investigates to what extent the introduction of negative monetary policy rates altered competitive conditions in the euro area banking sector. Specifically, it analyses the effect that negative policy rates had on euro area banks’ market power in comparison to banks that have not been subject to negative rates. The analysis, considering a sample of 4,223 banks over the period 2011–2018 and relying on a difference-in-differences methodology, finds that negative monetary policy rates led to an increase in euro area banks’ market power. Furthermore, it shows that, during the negative interest rate policy period, increased market power hindered the transmission of monetary policy and discouraged banks from taking excessive risks.
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Spinassou, Kévin. "Supervision bancaire et contraintes en capital : hiérarchie des régulateurs et arbitrage optimal des instruments." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0079/document.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif de prendre part à la réflexion menée sur la mise en place d'une réglementation efficace pour l'industrie bancaire. Pour cela, ce travail contribue à la littérature existante à travers plusieurs aspects. Tout d'abord, nous tenons compte de l'impact des nouvelles contraintes en capital suggérées par les accords dits de Bâle III sur l'offre de crédit des banques en plus de la stabilité bancaire. Par ailleurs, cette thèse prend également en compte la disparité entre régulateurs bancaires concernant leurs capacités à auditer les banques et les sanctionner si besoin est. De manière plus générale, cette hétérogénéité des régulateurs bancaires nous amène également à repenser la réglementation existante, en étudiant sous quelles conditions une régulation centrale devient plus efficace qu'un ensemble de régulations locales. La prise en compte de chacun de ces éléments permet alors d'aborder la régulation bancaire à travers une perspective nouvelle. Dans le premier chapitre de cette thèse, nous construisons un modèle théorique analysant l'impact de l'ajout d'un ratio de levier à la Bâle III en plus d'un ratio de capital pondéré du risque à la Bâle II sur le bien-être du régulateur. Nous mettons en évidence que ce ratio de levier conduit à une baisse de l'offre de crédit des banques. En contrepartie, le ratio de levier peut réduire l'instabilité bancaire mais uniquement si le régulateur souffre d'un faible pouvoir de supervision : pour les régulateurs bénéficiant d'un fort pouvoir de supervision, le ratio de levier entraine une détérioration du bien-être. Le but du second chapitre est de tester empiriquement les résultats de cette approche théorique. Nous utilisons pour cela les données disponibles depuis la mise en place effective du ratio de levier proposé par le Comité de Bâle. Nous mettons en évidence que la mise en place de ce ratio de levier conduit à une baisse significative de l'offre de crédit bancaire, ainsi qu'à une hausse du risque de crédit. Ces deux effets sont amplifiés lorsque le pouvoir de supervision est élevé. Le troisième chapitre se consacre à l'élaboration d'un schéma réglementaire capable d'internaliser les externalités existantes lorsque plusieurs régulateurs locaux avec des objectifs différents doivent cohabiter. Nous montrons que cela est rendu possible par la mise en place d'un régulateur central déléguant les tâches liées à la supervision aux régulateurs locaux. Cette régulation centrale est d'autant plus efficace si les régulateurs locaux souffrent d'une forte capture de la part des banques et si les effets de contagion entre pays sont élevésThe aim of this thesis is to contribute to the current debate on the implementation of an efficient regulatory framework in the banking industry. To this end, we extend the existing literature in many aspects. First, we consider the impact of capital requirements recently suggested by the Third Basel Accord on credit supply as well as banking stability. Second, we take into account the disparity between the regulators' authority to audit and sanction banks. Besides, we analyze how a central regulation can lead to a more efficient framework compared to a combination of local regulations. Overall, the consideration of this set of dimensions brings a new perspective for the banking regulation approach. In the first chapter, we investigate how the implementation of a leverage ratio in addition to a risk-weighted capital ratio affects the regulator's welfare. We show that such a capital regulation leads to a reduction in credit supply. On the other hand, a leverage ratio restriction can improve the banking stability when the regulator suffers from a low supervisory power. On the contrary, the welfare of regulators enjoying a high supervisory power is decreased by the application of a leverage ratio. The second chapter tests results of this first theoretical approach. In order to do so, this second chapter is based on data available since the effective application of the leverage ratio suggested by the Basel Committee. We find that the implementation of such a capital ratio decreases credit supply while increasing credit risk. Furthermore, we show that a strong supervisory power accentuates these effects. In the third chapter, we analyze how a regulatory scheme could internalize the externalities produced by the presence of several local regulators with different aims. We establish that the optimal framework is the set up of a central regulator delegating supervisory tasks to local regulators. This central regulation is more efficient when spillover effects across countries are important and when local regulators suffer from a high capture from banks
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del, Barrio Arleo Maria Cecilia. "Accommodating diversity in the EU Banking Union: The Single Supervisory Mechanism and the quest for supervisory consistency." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/259175.
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After decades of political and technical efforts to supranationalise prudential regulation at the EU level, a key step to bridge the gap between rule-making centralisation and its decentralised implementation has been the establishment of the Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM). In spite of its major accomplishments, the SSM faces a key challenge: achieving supervisory consistency in essentially diversified euro area banking systems.
This dissertation identifies the building blocks of supervisory consistency and the sources of diversity inherent in banking supervision; it also distinguishes internal from external dimensions of consistency, which correspond to national and banking diversities, respectively. Drawing on the qualitative analysis of official documents, speeches, public hearings, and interviews with national and supranational supervisors, banks, banks associations, and EU institutions, the research examines the relationships shaping the balance between consistency in integrated markets and diversity, by focusing on the SSM’s prudential and regulatory competences. It first traces and compares the evolution of supervisory governance through literature- and empirically-driven governance indicators and their conceptualisation. It then analyses the changing nature of the supervisory instruments beyond the hard-soft law dichotomy. The German and Italian cases are used to test the capacity of the supranational supervisor to accommodate diversity, and illustrate how different supervisory styles have emerged over time.
This study argues that centralisation, methodological standardisation, and the development of non-binding policy documents are important for the achievement of consistent results. However, the effectiveness of supranational law and its enforcement by the European Central Bank involve fundamental trade-offs: a more limited local autonomy, institutional overlap, communication and transparency concerns from banks, and legitimacy issues arising from supervisory instruments, can compromise the system. Nonetheless, thanks to its resources and privileged Banking Union-wide position, the SSM is well-placed to strengthen sensitivity to diversity in order to manage the current transformation of traditional banking paradigms.
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Pekárek, Štěpán. "Je bankovní unie vhodná odpověď na recentní hospodářskou krizi?" Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193510.
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In reaction on the financial crisis 2007-2009 was introduced by the European Union a concept of banking union that should prevent similar destabilization of financial markets and readjust supervisory and regulatory mechanisms to reality of the European banking sector. The aim of the master thesis was to assess the concept of banking union as a suitable reaction on current state of the financial sector. The thesis includes historical discourse on banking regulation with an emphasis on institutional framework and requirements on banks. It introduces individual pillars of banking union -- Single Supervisory Mechanism, Single Resolution Mechanism and Single-rule Book. The comparative analysis of selected indicators of each individual Eurozone banking sector proved significant disparities. Based on the proven heterogeneity of banking sectors and institutional shortcomings of the banking union the conclusion was reached, that operation of single supervision and regulation can lead to adverse effects either on banking markets or on economies of member states and therefore it is rendered as an unsuitable reaction on current developments of the European financial markets.
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Albuquerque, Daniela Reis. "The effect of banking supervision on the recognition and disclosure of impairment of financial assets." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16556.
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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças EmpresariaisO presente estudo investiga o papel da supervisão bancária no reconhecimento e divulgação das perdas por imparidade de ativos financeiros. Em concreto, é feita uma comparação das práticas de divulgação entre países cujos supervisores bancários apresentam diferentes abordagens à imparidade do crédito e estabelecida uma relação com o grau de reconhecimento destas perdas. A amostra é constituída por 60 bancos de 15 países da União Europeia. Os respetivos supervisores nacionais foram classificados como intervencionistas/não intervencionistas no processo de imparidade do crédito considerando a sua interferência nas divulgações destas perdas. Dados financeiros e práticas de divulgação foram recolhidas manualmente dos Relatórios e Contas disponíveis em inglês para os exercícios de 2012 a 2015, tendo sido construídos índices de divulgação. Os resultados das análises univariadas e das regressões lineares revelam que bancos cujo supervisor tem uma abordagem intervencionista ao processo de imparidade do crédito apresentam um maior cumprimento com a IFRS 7 e são sujeitos a divulgações adicionais exigidas pelos respetivos supervisores nacionais. Esses bancos, contudo, apresentam um menor cumprimento com o Pilar 3 comparativamente com bancos cujo supervisor apresenta uma abordagem não-intervencionista ao processo de imparidade do crédito. As diferenças entre países são persistentes, mesmo após o Banco Central Europeu assumir a responsabilidade pela supervisão bancária na União Europeia, não obstante dos sinais de melhoria e harmonização das divulgações. Por último, conclui-se que o reconhecimento das perdas por imparidade no crédito está positivamente relacionado com o seu nível de divulgação.
This paper investigates the role of banking supervision in the recognition and disclosure of impairment of financial assets. Specifically, disclosure practices are compared between countries whose supervisors present different approaches to loan loss provisioning and related with the recognized level of loan loss allowances. The sample includes 60 banks from 15 European Union countries. The respective supervisors were categorized as interventionist or non-interventionist to loan loss provisioning according to their interference with loan loss provisions' disclosures. Financial data and disclosure practices were hand collected from the financial statements available in English for the financial years between 2012 and 2015 and indexes of disclosure were constructed. The results of univariate analysis and regression model show that banks whose supervisors have an interventionist approach to loan loss provisioning are the most compliant with IFRS 7 and provide additional impairment disclosures that are required by their national supervisor. However, these banks present a lower compliance with Pillar 3 in comparison with banks whose supervisors have a non-interventionist approach to loan loss provisioning. Country differences are persistent even after the taking over of European Union's banking supervision by the European Central Bank, despite signs of improvement and harmonization of disclosures. Finally, recognition of loan loss provisions is found to be positively related with the level of disclosure.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Neziraj, Lirike [Verfasser]. "Three Essays on Post-Financial Crisis Banking Supervision Programs in the European Union / Lirike Neziraj." Berlin : epubli, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214498817/34.
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Shindo, Yuko, Kei Tomimura, Kazumine Kondo, and Nobuyoshi Yamori. "Japanese Banking Regulations under a Series of Financial Crises Since the 1990s." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科附属国際経済政策研究センター, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16947.
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Pakhomova, Nataliya. "Essays in banking and corporate finance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1090.
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Cette thèse est composée de 3 essais. Le 1er essai traite de la problématique du risque de pertes extrêmes dans le secteur bancaire dans un contexte du problème d'agence entre les actionnaires et les top managers des banques. Pour pouvoir inciter les banques à ne pas prendre le risque de pertes extrêmes, il est proposé d'appliquer la régulation des fonds propres sous forme d'une politique de recapitalisations obligatoires, dont les paramètres sont choisis pour inciter les actionnaires à rémunérer leurs managers de la manière à les détourner des stratégies au risque de pertes extrêmes.Le 2ème essai développe le design de la supervision bancaire qui vise à éliminer le problème d'aléa moral au sein d'une banque, tout en assurant un coût minimum de supervisions. Les banques, dont la situation financière commence à se dégrader, doivent être soumises à des audits aléatoires. Les banques, dont la valeur de l'actif s'est dégradée considérablement, doivent être mises sous tutelle pour un redressement financier. Les auditeurs externes peuvent être impliqués dans le processus de supervision, mais ne doivent pas complètement remplacer les régulateurs. Le 3ème essai étudie comment la capacité d'emprunt de l'entreprise non-financière affecte sa politique d'investissement en présence des coûts d'émission de la dette. Il est montré que les entreprises, dont la capacité d'emprunt est moyenne, ont intérêt à réaliser un investissement plus important par rapport aux entreprises dont la capacité d'emprunt est relativement faible/forte. Cela est entièrement dû à l'effet des coûts fixes d'émission de la dette, qui émerge dans le contexte dynamique d'investissementThis dissertation consists of 3 self-contained theoretical essays.Essay 1 brings into focus the problem of "manufacturing" tail risk in the banking sector. This work shows that, in order to prevent banks from engaging in tail risk, bank capital regulation should account for the internal agency problem between bank shareholders and bank top managers. It is proposed to design bank capital requirements in the form of incentive-based recapitalization mechanism which would induce bank shareholders to shape executive compensation in such a way as to prevent top managers from engaging in tail-risk.Essay 2 deals with the problem of moral hazard in bank asset management. It proposes the concept of incentive-based bank supervision aimed at preventing moral hazard at a minimum cost to the regulator. It is shown that the intensity of supervision efforts should be gradually adjusted to the bank's financial health: banks in the mild form of distress should be subject to random audits, whereas deeply distressed banks should be placed under temporary regulatory control. To prevent double moral hazard, external auditors involved in supervision should be offered the optimal incentive contract.Essay 3 examines the impact of credit rationing (debt capacity) on corporate investment in the setting with costly debt financing. It is shown that, when credit constraints are binding, the firms with intermediate levels of debt capacity will establish larger investment projects than the firms with relatively low or high debt capacity. This non-monotonicity of investment on debt capacity arises due to the effect of the lump-sum debt issuance costs in the dynamic context of investment
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Yazar, Orhan H. "The political economy of bank regulation and supervision in Turkey and Poland." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2010. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28208.
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The financial services industry is driven by risk taking and innovation like any other
business. However, unlike other industries the repercussions of failure in the financial
services industry affect not only shareholders but also those that trusted their life
savings with them and the public. The 2008 global financial crisis illustrated that
financial firms are destined to fail in managing their risks without effective regulation.
Given rising concerns about the risk taking behaviour of the financial firms, this thesis
intends to understand state behaviour in managing financial risk in an economy,
particularly in the banking sector and asks: what detemiines the way a state acts to
control risk-taking behaviour in the banking sector?
Answering this question has implications for going beyond rule-based approaches to
regulation and finding a more realistic political economy model for explaining the
formation of regulatory rules, supervisory standards and their effective
implementation. To answer this question, the thesis uses an eclectic model of
regulation derived from sociological, economic and political meanings of regulation
and applies this model to developments in bank regulation and supervision in Poland
and Turkey from 1990 to 2007. The thesis used financial data, reports from various
agencies, published views of key actors and personal interviews with selected
personnel in financial firms, regulatory agencies and non-governmental agencies.
The main finding of the thesis is that independence, legitimacy and organization of
regulatory processes are crucial for the state for building an effective and sustainable
regulatory and supervisory system. The state’s inability to fulfil its obligations in one
of these pillars weakens its regulatory governance and provides opportunities for key
actors in bank regulation and supervision to challenge the regulatory system. The
consequences of these challenges are determined by political, legal and economic
institutions filtering these demands.
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Arnould, Guillaume. "Stress testing the banking system : towards a more macroprudential approach." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01E018.
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Les tests de résistance, qui évaluent la capacité des banques à soutenir la détérioration de la situation économique et financière, sont devenus un outil qui aide les banques centrales à exercer leur nouveau pouvoir de supervision et à promouvoir un système financier stable. En outre, la récente crise financière mondiale a déplacé le centre d'attention de la supervision financière d'une perspective microprudentielle, basée sur la résilience des institutions individuelles, à une perspective plus macroprudentielle, qui englobe la résilience globale du système financier. Par conséquent, les tests de résistance microprudentiels mettent l'accent sur le rôle traditionnel du capital bancaire en tant que coussin de protection contre les pertes, tandis que les tests de résistance macroprudentiels se concentrent sur le système bancaire dans son ensemble. La crise financière mondiale a également souligné le rôle crucial du risque de liquidité dans la détérioration de la stabilité du système financier international. Le premier article passe en revue le premier test de résistance de la BCE, en le comparant à la littérature et aux autres tests de résistance effectués de par le monde, et contextualise ses résultats. Il donne un aperçu des tests de résistance et une liste d'améliorations potentielles. Le second article cherche à construire une méthodologie qui couvre certaines lacunes (effet de spillovers et interactions entre solvabilité et liquidité) identifiée dans le premier chapitre et l'utilise pour évaluer la fragilité actuelle du système bancaire de la zone euro selon différents scénarios. Enfin, le troisième chapitre analyse le lien entre la solvabilité et les coûts de financementStress tests, which evaluate banks' capacity to withstand deteriorating economic and financial condition, have become a tool that helps central banks to fulfil their new supervisory power and promote a stable financial system. Additionally, the global financial crisis shifted the perspective of financial supervision from a microprudential perspective, based on the resilience of individual institutions, to a more macroprudential perspective, which encompasses the whole financial system resilience. Hence, microprudential stress tests emphasize the traditional role of bank capital as a buffer against loss, shielding the deposit insurance agency, while, macroprudential stress tests focus on whether the banking system as a whole has the balance, sheet capacity to support the economy. The global financial crisis also highlighted the crucial role of liquidity risk in undermining the stability of the international financial system. The first paper reviews the first ECB stress test, comparing it to the literature and other stress tests conducted, and contextualize its results. It provides an overview of stress tests as a tool and give a list of potential improvements. The second paper, seeks to construct methodology that covers some shortcomings (spillovers and interaction between solvency and liquidity) identified in the first chapter and uses it to assess the current fragility of the Eurozone banking system to various scenarios. Finally, the third chapter analyses the link between solvency and funding costs as a potential source of second round losses in the stress testing framework
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Manamela, Mmanoko Michael. "The impact of financial regulation on economic growth in developing countries." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30627.
Full textAbstract:
Financial regulation is a topical; issue particularly its potential negative impact on economic growth. Literature indicates that researchers have divided opinions on the subject. There is a group that believes higher financial regulation will deter economic growth and another group that believes that current financial regulations should be increased. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of financial regulation on economic growth in developing countries.The study was undertaken by formulating one overall research question, which was supported by two hypotheses. The study employed quantitative methodology to analyse the data. Secondary data was collected on a sample of ten developing countries in three regions (Africa, Americas and Asia Pacific). Time series data was obtained on the following variables: gross domestic products, inflation rate, interest rate, unemployment rate and financial freedom index. The data was initially analysed using trend analysis, which was followed by regression analysis. Trend analysis indicates that financial regulation is good for economic growth in developing countries. Financial regulation was measured by the financial freedom index and economic growth was measured by growth in gross domestic products.The results show a negative correlation between the two variables. When strict financial regulations are imposed, growth in gross domestic product increases. This relationship was tested statistically to quantify the percentage of change in gross domestic product attributable to financial regulation as well as its significance. It was discovered that financial regulation on its own can explain up to 17.8% of the change in gross domestic product and is a very significant explanatory variable.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Gonzalez-Watty, Andres. "The quest for accountability in transnational regulatory networks : the case of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e1c06b02-c0b2-455e-b443-dc1abe9b6c0e.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focuses on the search for accountability processes related to the standard setting powers of a transnational regulatory network that operates in the highly complex and uncertain environment of global finance: the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). The thesis draws upon and builds on two main resources: the academic literature from international law, political science, international relations and public administration about the concept of accountability and- as a theoretical framework - Niklas Luhmann's idea of communication which suggests that communication is a selection process rather than a process of transmission. In this selection process the idea of meaning in the sense of a common understanding is paramount. The analysis focuses on the key milestones of the Basel Committee's work: the Concordat, as well as the Basel I, Basel II and Basel III accords. The thesis also draws on a qualitative original data set compiled by the author, made up of extracts of discussions of the Basel Committee's work in the international financial journalistic press. Additionally, official documents and press releases from the BCBS were coded by classifying them into common themes (such as minimum capital standards or the delay on the implementation timetable of Basel III) and the thesis' analysis assessed whether they formed part of an accountability process (i.e., whether they asked for an account, responded to an accountability claim, judged an accountability claim and referred to which consequences should follow the judgement). On the basis of this thematic analysis the thesis identifies five accountability processes in relation to the work of the Basel Committee based on communication. These revolve around the standards for minimum capital requirements in Basel II, the standards for debt exposures of banks lending to small and medium size enterprises, the over complexity of the Basel III accord, the alleged detrimental effects of the Basel accord for US banks, and the delay in the schedule to implement Basel III. Drawing on Luhmann's ideas about communicative events, the thesis develops a novel account of communicative accountability that explains accountability as the decentred and flexible communicative interaction between an accountor and an accountee whose communications have to resonate with an epistemic community. This epistemic community plays the role of a social system in which expectations about the exercise of regulatory powers of the Basel Committee are managed. The thesis argues that this process of communicative accountability can be empirically traced and that it is significantly facilitated by reliance on a shared language and expertise of a common professional community to which both the Basel Committee and a wider professional community belong to. The thesis argues that while the concept of communicative accountability developed through the research can be used to identify processes which seek to render TRNs like the BCBS accountable, these processes may also lack sufficient legitimacy, in the sense of formal power from a recognized source such as a state or an international organization underpinning these accountability processes. Increased legitimacy matters because it would enhance certainty in an accountability process and therefore, help to identify more clearly the legitimate accountor and to uphold his or her authority to ask for the account. Hence, as a whole, this thesis contributes towards the quest for alternative ways of understanding and improving accountability mechanisms in relation to the exercise of regulatory powers by globalized regulatory institutions in a transnational sphere such as the BCBS.
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Поправка, О. Г. "Трактування понять у банківському нагляді." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2010. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62624.
Full textAbstract:
Оскільки банки є найважливішим елементом фінансової
інфраструктури сучасного суспільства, забезпечення їх стабільного
функціонування вимагає постійного нагляду та контролю.
Зважаючи на постійні зміни у законодавстві та поступове
впровадження в Україні європейських стандартів банківського
нагляду, набуває актуальності питання визначення понять
“банківський нагляд” “банківське регулювання” та “банківський
контроль”. Адже навіть в українському законодавстві зустрічаються
різні трактування даних понять, наприклад, у ст. 1 Закону України
“Про Національний банк України” банківське регулювання
визначається як одна із функцій Національного банку України, яка
полягає у створенні системи норм, що регулюють діяльність банків,
визначають загальні принципи банківської діяльності, порядок
здійснення банківського нагляду, відповідальність за порушення
банківського законодавства.
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Самсонов, М. І. "Сучасні тенденції розвитку банківського нагляду та регулювання: інституційний аспект." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63282.
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На сьогоднішній день однією з загальносвітових тенденцій в розвитку сучасних наглядових систем є консолідація зусиль державних органів з метою нагляду за ринком фінансових послуг. Поряд з цим пріоритетним стає дотримання принципу ефективності організаційної структури – досягнення цілей банківського нагляду за найменших витрат.
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Д`яконова, Ірина Іванівна, Ирина Ивановна Дьяконова, and Iryna Ivanivna Diakonova. "Методологічні засади розвитку банківського нагляду на базі системної організації банківської діяльності." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/51773.
Full textAbstract:
Дисертація присвячена розробці комплексного механізму функціонування нагляду за діяльністю банківської системи. У роботі розкрито закономірність підвищення стійкості банківської системи та організації банківського регулювання і нагляду. В межах системного підходу розроблено методологію інституційної організації банківського нагляду, в основу якої покладено обґрунтування незалежності наглядового органу за банківською діяльністю. Вивчення основ незалежності діяльності органів банківського нагляду дало можливість розробити модель реорганізації органу банківського нагляду, яка базується на поступовому виділенні нагляду з системи Національного банку України. У роботі розроблено принципово нову концепцію ризик-орієнтованого нагляду, обгрунтовано та запропоновано методичні підходи до визначення та оцінки загальносистемних ризиків, ризиків, що провокуються діяльністю Національного банку України, удосконалено методичні підходи до оцінки ризиків банків другого рівня банківської системи України. Удосконалено систему рейтингового оцінювання банків з метою врахування зовнішніх та внутрішніх факторів функціонування банку, його власної динаміки. Запропоновано модель інспектування, засновану на циклі нагляду, яка дозволяє застосовувати системний підхід до процесу нагляду і здійснювати моніторинг всієї банківської системи. Окремо вивчено можливість удосконалення системи фінансового моніторингу в банківській системі України на основі оцінки ризиків.Dissertation is devoted to development of a complex mechanism for functioning the supervision for the banking system activity. The dissertation describes a validity of improvement in the banking system stability and banking regulation and supervision organizing. Methodology of institutional organization of banking supervision has been introduced within the systematic frame. The methodology is based on an argument for the independence of the banking activity supervisory body. Through investigating the essentials of the independence of the banking supervisory bodies the model for reorganizing the banking supervisory body was developed. The model is based on the consequent enforcement of the supervison in the National bank of Ukraine system. The dissertation introduces an actually new concept of the risk-directed supervision. The new method approaches were developed and justified to detect and evaluate the whole system risks, risks which are induced by the National bank of Ukraine activity. The method approaches to evaluate the risks for the second level banks of the banking system of Ukraine. The system for rating evaluation of the banks was improved following the aim for accounting external and internal factors of the bank development, the pace of its business. The model of inspection was introduced which is based on the supervision cycle. The model allows applying the system approach to the process of supervision and arrange the monitoring a whole banking system. Besides that the availability for improving the system of financial monitoring in banking system of Ukraine on the basis of the risk evaluation has been studied.
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Al-Anani, Nadia A. "Evaluation of the impact of international standards set by the Basle Committee On Banking Supervision on Jordanian law." Thesis, Durham University, 2009. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2150/.
Full textAbstract:
Formulating international standards on banking supervision is one of the most important topics of international financial law. The recent international financial crisis is another striking example on the significance and relevance of this subject. This thesis attempts to evaluate the impact of international standards of banking supervision aimed at the creation of a "safe and sound" banking system on Jordanian legislation at two levels: to what extent international standards set out by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision ("BCBS") have influenced Jordanian law; and how these standards can assist in improving the Jordanian law as well as direct new policy reforms. The first finding of the thesis is that Jordanian law is significantly compliant with international standards. The second main finding is that soft law, as opposed to hard law, is the optimal form of setting international banking supervisory standards. The thesis also finds that the BCBS standards do not provide adequate guidance on the structure of the banking supervisory authority. The thesis concludes with recommendations on how to enhance international banking supervisory standards as well as the structure and substantive law of banking supervision in Jordan in light of international standards and with occasional reference to the UK Law.
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Бухтіарова, Аліна Геннадіївна, Алина Геннадьевна Бухтиарова, and Alina Hennadiivna Bukhtiarova. "Проблема моральної відповідальності органів банківського нагляду в побудові ефективної системи страхування депозитів." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/58842.
Full textAbstract:
Автор розглядає проблему моральної відповідальності органів банківського нагляду в побудові ефективної системи страхування депозитів.The author considers the problem of moral accountability of banking supervision in the construction of an effective deposit insurance system.
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Дульська, В. І. "Базельський комітет з питань банківського нагляду: його роль у забезпеченні достатності капіталу банків." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63452.
Full textAbstract:
Визначення обсягу капіталу, який необхідний банку, є одним з найбільш дискусійних питань теорії банківської справи. На тлі різноманіття функціонуючих банків з капіталами, що відрізняються за розміром (в десятки і сотні тисяч разів), виникає серйозна проблема: який розумний обсяг капіталу?
Найбільш загальним універсальним показником, що застосовувався банками в останнє десятиліття є показник достатності, що дозволяє дати оцінку капіталу щодо значення, встановленого регулюючими органами.
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Мулік, О. Д. "Нагальні питання банківського нагляду за банками у стадії ліквідації: теорія та практика." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63073.
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Connolly, Michael Fethes. "Essays in Empirical Finance and Macroeconomics:." Thesis, Boston College, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108476.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis advisor: Fabio SchiantarelliIn the wake of the financial crisis of 2007-2009, academics and policymakers have worked to empirically quantify macro-financial linkages. This dissertation contributes to this debate by covering two broad themes. First, substantial changes in bank regulation and supervision typically follow financial crises. Quantifying the impact of these new policies is of paramount importance to academics and policymakers. To this end, my research in this area sheds light on the ways in which changes in financial stability policy ultimately affect the economy. Bank stress testing has become a major tool of supervisory policy in the past decade. The first chapter, The Real Effects of Stress Testing, uses the introduction of annual stress testing of large U.S. banks in 2009 as a quasi-experiment to examine whether bank supervisory policies affect real economic activity. While stress-tested banks reduced their risk exposure to large corporate loans, foreign banks mostly offset this shock and enabled firms to continue borrowing after the test. However, speculative grade firms that were highly exposed to stress-tested banks borrowed on worse terms after the test, and subsequently reduced fixed investment and employment. In contrast, highly exposed investment grade firms received new loans and expanded intangible investment. This paper provides insights into the effects of stress testing on the reallocation of risks in the financial system and the consequences for real economic activity. The structure of the U.S. mortgage market has experienced dramatic changes in recent years, as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the major government-sponsored enterprises or GSEs) faced substantial reforms to their business practices. An important feature of regulatory reform included changing the pricing of loan guarantees on mortgage-backed securities insured by the GSEs, in particular removing the subsidy paid by small lenders to large lenders in 2012. The second chapter of this dissertation, Lender Cross-Subsidization and Credit Supply in the Fannie Mae MBS Market (co-authored with Igor Karagodsky), shows that the removal of this subsidy resulted in a relative increase in mortgage lending by small lenders. However, states with relatively higher concentrations of large lenders experienced relative reductions in credit following the removal of these subsidies. This research underscores an important link between lender market power and credit supply. Understanding the drivers of the fluctuations in bond returns is a central question in finance. Theoretically, unexpected bond returns should reflect either changes in expectations of future short-term rates or future compensation for risk. The third chapter of this dissertation, Survey Forecasts and Bond Return Decompositions, revisits this question using survey forecasts of professional economists to measure expectations of interest rates and returns, rather than with a statistical model. Two main results emerged from this analysis: (1) News about future short-term interest rates explains relatively more of the variation in unexpected excess bond returns for short-maturity bonds relative to long-maturity bonds. (2) The share of news explained by future short-term interest rates increases with horizon for all maturities. This analysis contributes to the recent academic literature that highlights the importance of subjective expectations in understanding asset-price movements
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Economics
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Madkhali, Aasem. "Le rôle de la supervision des banques islamistes, approche islamo-juridique." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE0010/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette étude couvre les institutions financières islamiques en général, avec une attention particulière accordée aux banques islamiques. L’intérêt est suscité par la relation directe avec notre sujet traitant de la surveillance de conformité avec la charia, réglementaire et légale, des banques islamiques. Les institutions financières et banques islamiques proposent divers produits de financement et développent plusieurs produits classiques en les adaptant aux principes de la finance islamique, dont l’absence de l’usure (interdiction du riba). Par ailleurs, nous notons que d’une part, certaines institutions financières et banques islamiques commencent à détourner à leur avantage les principes et les règles de base qui ont justifié l’existence même de la finance islamique en tant que substitut à la banque classique, et que d’autre part, même quand lesdites institutions se dotent d’instance de surveillance, leurs prérogatives se limitent à conseiller sans intervention pour réparer les défaillances et sans que leurs décisions et recommandations n’aient de force obligatoire. Ces constats nous amènent plus loin dans notre analyse, et nous poussent à nous interroger sur le fait d’assumer les implications de la responsabilité civile sous ses deux formes ; contractuelle et délictuelle ainsi que les implications de la responsabilité pénale pour les membres de ces instances. Le rôle de ces organes peut être plus effectif et plus efficace, comme nous le montrerons grâce à une approche réglementaire légale des activités et travaux des instances de surveillance de la charia. De ce fait, le sujet de la thèse implique une comparaison et un parallélisme entre les activités bancaires islamiques et la surveillance réglementaire du point de vue de la loi islamique charaique et la surveillance réglementaire des activités bancaires islamiques d’un point de vue légalThe present study covers the issue of islamic financial institutions in overall, with a particular attention attributed for islamic banks. The topic is interesting because of the direct relationship with the compliance monitoring with the Shariaa, regulatory and legal of Islamic banks. These financial institutions and Islamic banks offer various products of financing and develop several conventional products adapting them to the principles of Islamic finance, including the absence of usury (interdiction of riba). We should mention that some financial institutions and Islamic banks begin to divert for their advantages the principles and the basic rules that justified the existence of Islamic finance, like substitute for the traditional bank. And the role of institutions of compliance monitoring is limited to provide advises without intervention to prepare the failures, in other terms their decisions and recommendations did not have the binding force. These findings allowed deepening our analysis to pose the question regarding assuming the consequences of the civil liabilities under the 2 forms: contractual and delictual, in addition to the consequences and the criminal liabilities for the members of these authorities of compliance monitoring. The role of these organs could be more effective and efficient, like we underlined with the regulatory approach of their activities and the works of these authorities of compliance with the Shariaa. The present dissertation provides a comparison between the Islamic banks activities and the regulatory monitoring from the perspective of the Islamic rules of Shariaa and the regulatory monitoring of the activities of Islamic banks form legal perspective
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Сисоєва, Лариса Юріївна, Лариса Юрьевна Сысоева, and Larysa Yuriivna Sysoieva. "Трансформація регуляторних підходів у країнах світу та в Україні." Thesis, Українська академія банківської справи Національного банку України, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/58966.
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Monahov, Alexandru. "Trois essais sur la supervision prudentielle du système bancaire." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0025/document.
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Cette thèse propose une analyse détaillée des effets de la supervision prudentielle (une composante de la réglementation bancaire) sur la stabilité du secteur bancaire, la solvabilité des institutions financières et, au niveau macro-économique, étudie son impact sur le crédit domestique. La méthodologie de recherche adoptée permet l‘intégration de l‘hétérogénéité dans l'analyse, tant au niveau systémique qu'à celui de l‘agent individuel. Des méthodes d‘estimation bayésiennes sont à la base de la partie empirique, alors que les sections théoriques utilisent la modélisation multi-agent. Le premier chapitre étudie les effets de la supervision prudentielle sur le crédit domestique dans 27 pays de l‘UE. Les résultats montrent qu‘une aggravation de la dureté de la supervision produit des effets positifs sur le crédit dans les pays ayant un système de supervision unifié. Le deuxième chapitre étudie les effets de la supervision couplée avec des outils réglementaires « traditionnels » sur la résilience et les profits bancaires dans des conditions de crise de long-terme. Parmi les instruments étudiés, c’est la taxe qui assure la profitabilité bancaire à long terme et l‘adaptation à la crise. Le troisième chapitre étudie une fraude financière complexe qui a eu lieu en Moldavie en 2011-2015. Un modèle qui réplique les schémas de fraude est construit pour étudier l‘optimalité de la décision de non-intervention de la Banque Centrale. Les résultats montrent qu'une intervention précoce n‘aurait pas minimisé les pertes du système bancaire, mais que la Banque Centrale aurait pu améliorer la situation en intervenant quand l‘exposition du secteur aux fraudeurs était minimaleThis thesis aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the effects of prudential supervision (a component of banking system regulation) on the stability of the banking sector, the soundness of financial institutions and, at a macro-economic level, its impact on domestic credit. The adopted research methods facilitate the integration of heterogeneity at the systemic and individual-agent levels into the analysis. Bayesian estimation techniques are used in the empirical part, whereas the theoretical sections utilize agent-based modeling. The first chapter studies the effects of prudential supervision on domestic credit in 27 EU countries. The results show an increase in supervisory stringency to produce a positive effect on credit in countries with unified supervisory frameworks. The second chapter investigates the effects of prudential supervision coupled with “traditional” regulatory tools on bank resiliency and profits under long-lasting crisis conditions. Taxes are found to be the most efficient tool as they potentiate long-term profitable bank operations and adaptation to the crisis. The third chapter provides a case-study of a complex financial fraud that took place in Moldova in 2011-2015. An agent-based model that replicates the schemes is constructed to study the optimality of the Central Bank’s decision to not intervene. The results show that early intervention wouldn’t necessarily have minimized the financial losses of the banking sector, but that the Central Bank could have improved the outcome of the crisis by intervening when the exposure of the banking sector to the fraudsters was minimal
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Chadwick, Warren. "A study of the New Basel Capital Accord and its impact on South Africa and other emerging markets." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52710.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The new Basel Capital Accord is intended to align capital adequacy of banks more closely with the key components of banking risk and to provide incentives for banks to improve their risk measurement and management capabilities. This has important implications for banks, particularly in the area of credit risk management. The purpose of this study is to take an in-depth look at the implications for banks in the area of credit risk management and the choice of approach (i.e. standardised versus internal ratings based approach) to be adopted. These changes in approach to credit risk will have broader economic implications and the study will in its final analysis explore these in the context of South Africa, as an emerging market. The study is split into three sections: Section A • Introduction and background to the New Basel Capital Accord; • Detailed overview on the New Basel Capital Accord with a particular emphasis on the internal ratings based approach to calculating minimum capital. Section B An in-depth discussion of credit risk management and the practical implications of moving towards an internal ratings based approach, which will eventually allow banks to take on a full portfolio approach to credit risk management. This will enable banks to manage credit risk across sub-portfolios and set economic capital based on the portfolio loss distribution of the banks entire lending book. This is an extremely important development in credit risk management and as a consequence is covered in some detail. The adoption of an internal ratings based approach offers significant rewards in the form of lower statutory capital. A profile of the current capitalisation of SA banks is provided followed by the likely effect of the standardised versus the internal ratings based approach to credit risk management, on the minimum level of statutory capital of banks. Section C The final section covers the envisaged macro effects of the New Accord on emerging markets (procyclical trends, lending concentrations, foreign capital flows and bank failures) with specific comment provided on the implications for the SA banking environment and economy. In conclusion, South African banks should as a priority move towards an internal ratings based approach to credit risk management in order to benefit from the lower statutory requirements, which accrue in the advanced phase. While the accord is likely to impact significantly on emerging markets, South Africa fortunately has a sophisticated banking system by international standards, making the adoption of an internal ratings based approach by the larger SA banks inevitable. The benefits for smaller banks are questionable and at this stage they are unlikely to move beyond the standardised approach, unless compelled to do so.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die "New Basel Capital Accord" het ten doel om die kapitaal vereistes neergelê vir banke meer in lyn te bring met die risiko komponent gekoppel bankwese. Dit hou 'n belangrike implikasie vir banke in en verskaf voorts ook 'n dryfveer vir banke om die bestuur van krediet risiko en algehele bestuursvaardighede te verbeter. In hierdie studie word 'n indiepte ondersoek onderneem aangaande die implikasie op banke van krediet risiko-bestuur en die keuse van die benadering wat gevolg word. Hierdie veranderings in die benadering (dws.standard teenoor interne-graderings benadering) tot krediet risiko hou breër ekonomiese implikasies vir banke in. Hierdie ekonomiese implikasies op SA as 'n ontwikkelende mark word in die finale analise ondersoek. Die studie kan in drie afdelings verdeel word: Afdeling A: • Inleiding en agtergrond tot die "New Basel Capital Accord" en • 'n Gedetaileerde oorsig van die "New Basel Capital Accord" met spesifieke verwysing na die interne-graderings benadering om die minimum vereiste kapitaal te bepaal. Afdeling B: Hierdie afdeling ondersoek krediet risiko bestuur en die praktiese implikasies van die aanvaarding/instelling van 'n interne graderings benadering, en die effek wat dit sal hê op 'n totale portefeulje benadering tot krediet risiko. Die gevolg is dat banke krediet risiko oor sub-portefeuljes sal kan bestuur en kapitaal vlakke vasstel gebaseer op verwagte portefeulje verliese. Hierdie is 'n belangrike ontwikkeling in krediet risiko bestuur en word vervolgens in diepte behandel. Die aanvaarding van 'n interne-graderings benadering tot gradering hou voordele in vir banke in die vorm van laer statutêre kapitaal vereistes. 'n Profiel van die kapitalisasie van SA banke word verskaf, gevolg deur die verskil in die effek van die standaard benadering tot die interne graderings benadering op krediet risiko bestuur en die vereiste minimum statutêre kapitaal. Afdeling C: Die finale afdeling ondersoek die beoogde makro ekonomiese effek van die "New basel capital Accord" op ontwikkelende marke (pro-sikliese neiging, lenings konsentrasies en bank mislukkings) met spesifieke verwysing na die implikasies op SA bankwese en ekonomie. Ter afsluiting moet SA banke so spoedig moontlik die interne-graderings benadering tot krediet risiko aanvaar om voordeel te trek uit die laer kapitaal vereistes wat "ophoop in die gevorderde stadium." Daar word verwag dat die "New Basel Capital Accord" 'n wesenlike invloed op die ontwikkelende mark sal hê. SA het egter 'n gesofistikeerde en gevestigde bankstelsel wat goed vergelyk met internasionale standaarde. Die aanvaarding van 'n interne-graderings benadering deur die die groter SA banke is onafwendbaar. Die voordele wat dit vir kleiner banke inhou kan bevraagteken word en is op hierdie stadium onwaarskynlik dat so 'n benadering deur hulle geïmplimenteer sal word.