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Journal articles on the topic 'Bankruptcy – European Union countries'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Dec, Pawel, and Piotr Masiukiewicz. "Models of Bankruptcy Procedures in European Union." Business and Management Horizons 3, no. 2 (2016): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bmh.v4i2.10275.

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This paper focuses on the analysis of comparative models bankruptcy in selected EU countries and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the insolvency proceedings. These models are quite similar in the countries concerned; also they give the opportunity to the many variants of the bankruptcy procedure. The main thesis of the article is—so far developed and applied models of bankruptcy are still insufficient and need to be improved and reorientation to a greater extent, particularly concerning the taking into account of weak signals from the business environment. The authors analyzed the releva

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Bărbuță-Mișu, Nicoleta, and Mara Madaleno. "Assessment of Bankruptcy Risk of Large Companies: European Countries Evolution Analysis." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 13, no. 3 (2020): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm13030058.

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Assessment and estimation of bankruptcy risk is important for managers in decision making for improving a firm’s financial performance, but also important for investors that consider it prior to making investment decision in equity or bonds, creditors and company itself. The aim of this paper is to improve the knowledge of bankruptcy prediction of companies and to analyse the predictive capacity of factor analysis using as basis the discriminant analysis and the following five models for assessing bankruptcy risk: Altman, Conan and Holder, Tafler, Springate and Zmijewski. Stata software was us

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ВОЛОХОВ, В. И., and Н. А. ФАРКОВА. "FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT IN THE COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 3(152) (June 12, 2023): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2023.152.3.030.

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Настоящая статья посвящена антикризисным мерам, применяемым в странах Европейского союза с целями регуляции устойчивости экономики и предупреждения инициаций процедур банкротств. Посредством настоящего исследования мы рассмотрим становление Европейской Директивы о банкротстве, дадим ей правовую характеристику, рассмотрим наиболее эффективные методики, на которых основан риск-менеджмент в странах Европейского союза. Приведя статистику по банкротствам среди участников Директивы мы оценим эффективность модели антикризисного управления, которое применяется в странах ЕС. This article is devoted to

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Mokhova, Natalia, and Marek Zinecker. "Corporate Negative Equity: The Evidence from the European Union." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 64, no. 3 (2016): 1021–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201664031021.

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After the Global Financial Crisis the frequency of reported losses of companies has increased significantly in countries of the European Union. Moreover, the financial leverage of companies have increased and even exceeded 100% in several countries. The reason of this development is negative equity that companies find themselves to report. At first sight negative equities are caused by accumulated losses from prior periods. However, there are some other reasons that can result in increasing negative equities in companies. They remain adequate as long as a company is able to pay its bills. Neve

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Saija, Ronald, and Kadek Agus Sudiarawan. "Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Perusahaan Debitur Pailit dalam Menghadapi Pandemi Covid 19." Batulis Civil Law Review 2, no. 1 (2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47268/ballrev.v2i1.474.

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The emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic on global economic development has an impact not only on the world economy and investment, but also correlates with aspects of legal development, especially business economy law. One of the areas of business economy law that has also undergone changes in an effort to accommodate the development of modern business transaction practices is bankruptcy law. The purpose of this research is to examine the preventive efforts made by Debtors at Bankrupt Companies to reduce bankruptcy caused by Covid-19 and solutions to protect debtors in companies experiencing ba

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Monedero, Pablo José Abascal. "Family Laws in the European Union." Socialinė teorija, empirija, politika ir praktika 19 (September 16, 2019): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/stepp.2019.13.

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EU social policies should be complemented by contributing to a harmonious development of society, by reducing structural and regional imbalances, developing a balance between the a localized community and the national society, and improving the living standards of citizens and families of member states (Garrido 2002). Such important social policy principles as freedom and justice are addressed and represented in family laws in the EU regulations introduced during the period of 2000–2016. In this article, we studied the EU’s legal solutions in reference to national (Spain) laws on these matters

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Iarmolenko, O. S. "Peculiarities of opening bankruptcy proceedings at the initiative of a creditor in foreign countries." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (March 1, 2025): 304–9. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2025.01.48.

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The article examines the features of opening bankruptcy proceedings at the initiative of the creditor in foreign countries. It is emphasized that the dynamic development is inherent not only in the legislation of Ukraine on bankruptcy, but also in the vast majority of countries in the world, including the European legal space. Legislative approaches to opening bankruptcy proceedings at the initiative of the creditor in France, the USA, Spain and Germany are analyzed. The regulatory acts regulating these procedures are considered and it is emphasized that the procedure for opening bankruptcy pr

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Kneysler, Olga, Nataliіa Spasiv, Oleksandr Kvasovskyi, and Roman Kuz. "Reorganization and Bankruptcy of Credit Unions: National Characteristics and Experience of Economically Developed Countries." Oblik i finansi, no. 1(107) (2025): 55–68. https://doi.org/10.33146/2307-9878-2025-1(107)-55-68.

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The COVID-19 pandemic and full-scale war have led to numerous challenges in the activities of credit unions, among which the dominant ones are the risk of bankruptcy, the search for sources of financing for reorganization, the problem of painless exit from the market and the effective implementation of the liquidation procedure to fully satisfy the claims of creditors. The article aims to identify the features of financial reorganization and the termination of the activities of credit unions as legal entities on a voluntary and compulsory basis under the martial law regime in Ukraine. To achie

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Działo, Joanna. "State Aid in The European Union in the Period of the Economic Crisis." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 17, no. 1 (2014): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cer-2014-0001.

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The global economic crisis has brought about the need for States’ involvement to rescue many business entities from bankruptcy, initially in the financial sector, and at a later stage of the crisis in the real economy. In the countries of the European Union, these measures take the form of state aid, which is specifically regulated as it bestows benefits on its beneficiaries and therefore violates the rules of market competition. Thus, the provision of state aid is controversial, since it potentially adversely affects the competition policy pursued in the EU. This paper aims to analyse and eva

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Кириловская, Н. Н., Ю. В. Мишальченко, and Е. Л. Львова. "International Legal Aspects of Regulating Insolvency (Bankruptcy) in the Russian Federation and the European Union Member States." Ius Publicum et Privatum, no. 1(16) (March 31, 2022): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.46741/2713-2811.2022.16.1.013.

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В статье проведен анализ законодательства о несостоятельности (банкротстве) в России и государствах – членах Европейского союза. Внимание уделено различиям как между странами Евросоюза, так и между ними и Российской Федерацией. Сравнительно-правовой анализ позволил выделить особенности института несостоятельности в странах ЕС и Российской Федерации, в частности наличие самостоятельной правовой основы данного института, определение механизма банкротства. В то же время реализация механизма банкротства породила ряд проблем, к числу которых следует отнести определение приоритетности кредиторов, ба

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Silva, Célia Taborda. "Protests in Europe in Times of Crisis -The Case of Greece, Ireland and Portugal." European Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (2022): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eujss-2022-0019.

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Abstract The year 2008 was marked by a financial crisis that started in the United States but quickly spread to the rest of the world. Subprime-related, this crisis was linked to property speculation, leveraged by the banking sector. This crisis quickly spread to Europe due to exposure of European economies to international markets. To avoid economic collapse the States decided to intervene in the banking sector, nationalizing some banks and injecting capital in others. Some European countries not to enter bankruptcy had to ask for external financial support between 2010-11, was the case of Gr

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Silva, Célia Taborda. "Protests in Europe in Times of Crisis -The Case of Greece, Ireland and Portugal." European Journal of Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (2022): 97–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejss.v1i2.p44-51.

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Abstract The year 2008 was marked by a financial crisis that started in the United States but quickly spread to the rest of the world. Subprime-related, this crisis was linked to property speculation, leveraged by the banking sector. This crisis quickly spread to Europe due to exposure of European economies to international markets. To avoid economic collapse the States decided to intervene in the banking sector, nationalizing some banks and injecting capital in others. Some European countries not to enter bankruptcy had to ask for external financial support between 2010-11, was the case of Gr

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Jabłońska, Małgorzata, Joanna Stawska, Radosław Dziuba, Mahmut Tekce, and Marta Krasoń. "Public Aid and Entrepreneurship During the Covid-19 Pandemic in the European Union Countries." Finanse i Prawo Finansowe 3, no. 31 (2021): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2391-6478.3.31.04.

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The aim of the article: The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic made it necessary to involve the state in the process of rescuing numerous business entities from bankruptcy. In the European Union, the aid measure for entrepreneurs takes a form of public aid, which, as it turns out, is the necessary and the only tool to protect SME sector enterprises against bankruptcy. Social isolation caused by the virus that spread on a large scale effectively inhibited the development of entrepreneurship, which is inherently related to the economic development of countries. The aim of the article is therefore

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Kirilenko, V. P., and E. V. Pavlova. "Regulation of Cross-Border Insolvency in the EAEU Law." EURASIAN INTEGRATION: economics, law, politics 17, no. 2 (2023): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-2929-2023-02-111-120.

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In the context of the development and expansion of the Eurasian Economic Union, the dynamically developing system of integration relations in the Eurasian space on the one hand, and the collapse of Russia’s economic integration in the European Union, the regulation of the institution of cross-border bankruptcy in the law of the EAEU are becoming particularly relevant and require urgent consideration of the issues of legal regulation of insolvency (bankruptcy) with a foreign element in the territory of the EAEU.Aim. To reveal the main problems of legal regulation of cross-border insolvency in t

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Walkowski, Maciej. "Europa w kryzysie: perspektywy go¬spodarcze Unii Europejskiej do 2020 roku w kontekście problemów rozwojowych państw grupy PIIGS." Przegląd Politologiczny, no. 1 (November 2, 2018): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pp.2012.17.1.5.

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In 2009 the European Union, and in particular the euro zone, slid into a stage of economic recession, on account of the spreading global financial crisis, referred to as ‘2008+.’ Considerable developmental problems are being experienced by the group of countries referred to as PIIGS, particularly by Greece. Due to the tight developmental interdependencies in the European common market, the bankruptcy of Greece could cause a domino effect, i.e. the collapse of other Mediterranean economies, such as Spain or Italy, financial difficulties for Germany and France, and consequently a threat to integ

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Mijatović, Marija, Zoran Vavan, and Tamara Gajinov. "Protection of Workers’ Rights in Bankruptcy Proceeding in Serbian and Western Balkans Legislation." Studia Europejskie – Studies in European Affairs 28, no. 3 (2024): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.33067/se.3.2024.14.

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The protection of workers’ rights in bankruptcy proceedings is a matter of supreme importance in every country. Comparing national laws, one could conclude that the predominant solution is to grant workers the position of privileged creditors. In Serbia, workers are protected by means of two laws: the Labour Law, which is the lex generalis for this area, and the Bankruptcy Law, which has the role of lex specialis. In addition to protection during bankruptcy proceedings before commercial courts, workers can appeal to the state’s national guarantee institution, namely, the Solidarity Fund. Serbi

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Garbelli, Maria. "Economic Turbulence in the Iron Kitchenware Industry in Italy." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 31 (2018): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n31p58.

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Companies in turbulent economies are required to face several difficulties, mainly related to the specific features of an extremely volatile environment. Although a similar, hypercompetitive context can be considered a global condition today, it is not perceived in the same way worldwide. Thus, international development could be the best method for exporting to different locations and getting the best opportunities to survive in this unstable environment. Italy is one of the European Union countries affected the most by turbulence and the financial crisis with a loss of competitiveness compare

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Ćwiąkała-Małys, Anna, and Iwona Piotrowska. "Verification of a foreign business partner based on examples of chosen public open-source registers in the context of due diligence." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 135 (June 28, 2024): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.135.11.

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Verification of foreign business partners that are registered in European Union is possible through integrated commercial register of member states. The community trade register can be accessed via free service on the “e-Justice” website. The portals also allows one to verify the insolvency and bankruptcy register or the register of actual beneficial owners. The scope of presented information is determined by internal law of each member state. Thus there is a lack of uniformity in presenting business information regarding registered entities in individual countries. This article presents and c

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Baditsa, Anton V. "Peculiarities of Digital Transformation of Enterprises in the Countries of the European Union." Business Inform 7, no. 558 (2024): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2024-7-71-78.

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Digital transformation plays an important role in ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises in today’s environment. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly exacerbated this trend, as many companies are facing the threat of bankruptcy due to their inability to quickly adapt to the digital format of work. The European Union is no exception, which, in order to prevent such crisis situations, has developed an appropriate digital transformation strategy for 2030, one of the directions of which is the digital transformation of enterprises. It is found that most scientific studies cover the general

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Jonek-Kowalska, Izabela. "State aid and competitiveness of the hard coal mining industry in the European Union." Equilibrium 10, no. 1 (2015): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/equil.2015.004.

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The hard coal mining industry in the European Union (EU) is in decline, mostly due to a lack of price competitiveness. It is maintained, to a great extent, by state aid; the key objective of the industry’s existence is to provide energy security and guarantee employment in the mining regions. In Poland, the hard coal mining industry is currently undergoing a serious crisis that threatens the two largest mining enterprises with bankruptcy. In addition, due to the European Union’s restrictions concerning the circumstances of granting state aid, these enterprises cannot count on the financial sup

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Moretti, Stefano, and Raja Trabelsi. "A Double-Weighted Bankruptcy Method to Allocate CO2 Emissions Permits." Games 12, no. 4 (2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/g12040078.

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Global warming, as a result of greenhouse gases, is exceeding the planet’s temperature stabilization capacities. Thus, greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced. We analyse a bankruptcy situation aimed at allocating emissions permits of CO2, the predominant greenhouse gas emitted by human activities. Inspired by the Constrained Equal Awards (CEA) solution for bankruptcy situations, we introduce a new allocation protocol based on the extension of the CEA solution over double-weighted bankruptcy situations, including two exogenous parameters aimed at providing a balance, in the request of emissio

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Вільчик, Т. Б. "Інститут банкрутства в Україні та Німеччині". Форум права 74, № 1 (2023): 6–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7016655.

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<strong>Постановка проблеми.</strong> Для України досвід та особливості правового регулювання країн Європейського Союзу є актуальними у контексті євроінтеграційного зовнішньополітичного курсу, особливо враховуючи зобов’язання України про повне "узгодження галузевого та горизонтального законодавства України, інституцій та стандартів з галузевим і горизонтальним законодавством, інституціями та стандартами ЄС" відповідно до ч.1 ст.57 Угоди про асоціацію України з ЄС. Процес інтеграції України в міжнародний економічний і політичний простір не може бути ефективним без реалізації від

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Lentner, Csaba, and Szilard Hegedus. "Local Self-Governments in Hungary: Recent Changes through Central European Lenses." Central European Public Administration Review 17, no. 2 (2019): 51–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/cepar.2019.2.03.

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This article provides an overview of the regulatory environment of the Hungarian system of local self-government based on the methods of legal dynamics and economic analyses in a historical perspective tracing events back to the aftermath of World War II. The starting point of the analysis is 1947, the launching of soviet type command economy in Hungary. Next is a detailed study of the regulation and evolution of local self-government since its beginnings in the early 1990s following the change of regime, with a brief international outlook on the post-soviet countries surrounding Hungary. In o

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Jeremy, Cripps. "The Berlin Process: Prospects and Deliverables." AICEI Proceedings 13, no. 1 (2018): 73–87. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4553648.

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The Berlin Process provides a framework for “resolving outstanding bilateral and internal issues” (Fouere and Blockmans. 2017) in the Western Balkans. The initiative was seen as a series of pre-emptive requirements for these states, prior to the enlargement of, and their inclusion in, the European Union (Jozwiak, 2014). These “prospects” were recently restated (Radosavljevic, 2017) by European Commission chief Jean-Claude Juncker. The nature of the issues that are in the process of resolution is not easily identified. Details are far from transparent. This paper conside

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Anggriawan, Rizaldy. "Insolvency Proceedings: ASEAN and EU Comparison on the Rules of Foreign Court Jurisdiction." Indonesian Comparative Law Review 3, no. 1 (2020): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/iclr.v3i1.11621.

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Due to a lack of uniformity or harmonization of laws and regulations, cross-border insolvency has remained an issue in the ASEAN region. ASEAN economic openness with the implementation of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) may create issues at some points as investors compete to dominate the ASEAN while assets are located not only on their own territory but also in other ASEAN member countries. On some occasions, they can fail to meet their debt payment obligations when performing international business transactions. As a result of the bankruptcy case, a legal

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Bryhinets, Oleksandr, and Dmytro Vasyliuk. "PRUDENTIAL REGULATION OF BANKING ACTIVITIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Administrative law and process, no. 1 (2024): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2024.1.02.

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Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze prudential regulation of banking activity in theEuropean Union and to provide proposals for improving prudential regulation in Ukraine.Methodology. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method, which allows youto investigate the set of phenomena in the relationship; a comparative method that allows you tosave the studied phenomena; the method of studying international practice, as well as the methodsof analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, historical-legal method and formal-legal method. Results. The first section of

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Domonkos, Endre. "A gazdasági átalakulás tapasztalatai Csehországban, Szlovákiában, Lengyelországban és az egykori Német Demokratikus Köztársaságban (1990-2000)." Közép-Európai Közlemények 17, no. 1 (2024): 29–43. https://doi.org/10.14232/kek.2024.1.29-43.

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During the period from 1989 to 1990, economic and political transition in Central and Eastern Europe was accompanied by the general liberalisation and opening up of markets to foreign investors. This process started at the end of the 80s, which coincided with the general crisis of “state socialism” in the region. It is worth mentioning that there were substantial differences in the creation of a free market economy among the Central and Eastern European countries. Whereas Poland applied shock treatment based on the general principles of the Washington Consensus, Czechoslovakia followed a doubl

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Foris, Tiberiu, and Diana Foris. "EUROPEAN FUNDS MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS—A CASE STUDY OF EUROPEAN SOCIAL FUNDS IN ROMANIA FROM 2007 TO 2013." CBU International Conference Proceedings 2 (July 1, 2014): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v2.457.

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This article focuses on fund financing management of one of the utmost important European Union funds, the European Social Fund (ESF), and its implementation in Romania in its post adherence period (2007-2013). In this respect, the main aspects regarding the management and implementation of this program in Romania, as compared to other European countries, are analyzed taking into consideration the declared objectives at its launching moment. Through a defective management, these objectives have not reached their target, whereas the educational market of continuous adult education has been stro

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Bieniek, Damian. "GERMAN ACTIONS ON GREEK CRISIS." sj-economics scientific journal 9 (December 30, 2011): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v9i.466.

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Beginning of Greece problems was related to the accession to the Euro Zone. It occurred despite Greece did not meet the criteria thanks to the support of Germany and the Bundesbank, which assessed the economies of countries aspiring to a common currency. Lack of credibility for one country could burry the entire project. After entering the euro zone, Greece has significantly increased the reliability and successive governments could continue to fund increasing debt by issuance of bonds, bought mostly by French and German banks. Greek debt problem was exposed by the crisis of 2008. After collap

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Levmore, Saul. "Harmonization, preferences, and the calculus of consent in commercial and other law." Common Market Law Review 50, Issue 1 (2013): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2013046.

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Local, disparate preferences are normally satisfied by variety in law, but in some circumstances, harmonization can bethe means by which a majority advances its members' local preferences. One unappreciated method involves the imposition of external costs by a majority on a minority. In its most common and extreme form, a majority imposes a tax on the population in order to finance a benefit that is limited to the majority. The asymmetry between burdens and benefits may be sufficiently great to generate inefficient expenditures. It is more difficult but not impossible to impose external costs

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Khalatur, Svitlana, Lesia Kriuchko, and Anna Sirko. "WORLD EXPERIENCE ADAPTATION OF ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN THE CONDITIONS OF NATIONAL ECONOMY’S TRANSFORMATION." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 6, no. 3 (2020): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2020-6-3-171-182.

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The purpose of the article is to systematize and generalize the experience of leading countries to form and implement an effective crisis management system; to clarify the role of the state in the formation and implementation of anti-crisis regulation strategy of the real sector of the economy, as well as to substantiate the main methodological provisions of its formation. The subject-matter of the study is the methodological and conceptual foundations of the process of the effective crisis management system of the USA, China, Japan, the EU and Ukraine. Methodology. The research is based on th

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Jayawardana, Sahan, Jonathan Cylus, and Elias Mossialos. "It’s not ageing, stupid: why population ageing won’t bankrupt health systems." European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes 5, no. 3 (2019): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehjqcco/qcz022.

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Abstract An ageing population is often viewed as a factor that will increase healthcare expenditures (HCE) to unsustainable levels. With nearly half the disease burden in high-income countries arising in older people, there are concerns that caring for a burgeoning older population that is sick and dependent on support will not be possible. The aim of this narrative review is to examine how population ageing is likely to affect future HCE growth. We find that despite the increasing share of older people over the next few decades, the changing age-mix will not be a significant driver of HCE gro

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Smerichevskyi, Serhii, and Svitlana Gura. "STRATEGIC MECHANISMS OF REGULATING THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION DEVELOPMENT OF AIR TRANSPORT IN UKRAINE." Green, Blue & Digital Economy Journal 2, no. 1 (2021): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5169/2021-1-8.

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The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the strategic mechanisms for regulating the European integration development of air transport in Ukraine. Methodology. The study is based on the imperatives of European integration development of air transport of Ukraine, defined in the Association Agreement between the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community and their member states, on the one part, and Ukraine, on the other part. Quantitative research is based on the analysis of the volume and structure of Ukraine’s foreign trade in air transport services, calculation of the export-

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Succurro, Marianna. "Financial Bankruptcy across European Countries." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 7 (2017): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n7p132.

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The aim of this research is to describe corporate bankruptcy across Western European countries and propose a simple and reliable default prediction model for private manufacturing firms in six EU member states. Using firm-level accounting data taken from the Orbis-Europe Database, published by Bureau Van Dijk, we first propose a simple Indebtedness index which considers the multifaceted aspects of debt and allows to make interesting comparison among firms, countries, industrial sectors and over time. Second, we estimate a logit model, based on both the first step computed Indebtedness score an

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Skoczyński, Michał. "Greek refugees and emigrants from former Bizantine Empire in the Kingdom of Poland in the context of the modern migration crisis in Europe." Open Political Science 2, no. 1 (2019): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/openps-2019-0020.

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AbstractThe The Ottoman Turks since the mid-fourteenth century led a gradual conquest of Anatolia and the Balkans. It’s symbolic culmination was the capture of Constantinople in 1453. In this way, a great population of Orthodox Greeks came under the rule of a Muslim sultan. Many of them decided to escape abroad to avoid robbery, rapes and captivity by the victorious forces. In the following years, when initially gentle policy towards the conquered community began to tighten, another wave of Greek migration emerged outside the Ottoman state. Subsequent groups fled from persecution after success

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Dukić-Mijatović, Marijana, and Ozren Uzelac. "Origin and legal regulation of the second chance for entrepreneurs in the European Union." Strani pravni zivot, no. 1 (2021): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/spz65-28236.

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In the history of human civilization, there has always been the problem of overindebtedness and personal bankruptcy, as well as the tendency to protect such persons to some extent from excessive sanctions or the consequences of their insolvency. Benevolence towards the debtor is limited by the existence of conditions of conscientiousness and honesty of the debtor in all legal systems, while the amount of debt forgiveness is different. Debt relief and providing a new chance to the entrepreneur is a kind of systemic social measure that should ensure the employment of the individual and his famil

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Pantazi, Tania. "Airline Bankruptcy and Consumer Protection in the European Union." Air and Space Law 35, Issue 6 (2010): 409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2010045.

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Airline bankruptcy is a common phenomenon in Europe, especially in the last decade. A sudden interruption of operations is often the result of air carrier’s financial problems or the revoking of its operating license. The liberalization of air transport industry in Europe, along with other factors, has contributed to the increase in the number of airline bankruptcies. Consumers facing airline bankruptcies, however, are not always protected, as there are cases in which passengers were stranded abroad or not compensated because of lack of assets. The existing legal framework of the European Comm

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Bilohur, Vlada, and Roman Oleksenko. "THE EUROPEAN SPORT MODELS MANAGEMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES EUROPEAN UNION." HUMANITIES STUDIES 90, no. 13 (2022): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/hst-2022-13-90-07.

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Rodríguez-Gulías, María Jesús, Vítor Manuel de Sousa Gabriel, and David Rodeiro-Pazos. "Effects of governance on entrepreneurship: European Union vs non-European Union." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 28, no. 1 (2018): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-06-2016-0035.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of six governance indicators on the rate of creation of new companies between countries that are members of the European Union (EU) and those that are not. H1 states that the various dimensions of governance help to explain the immediate creation of new businesses in European and non-European countries. H2 states that the various dimensions of governance help to explain the deferred creation of new businesses in European and non-European countries. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses two types of analyses: firstly, univariate an

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Stec, Małgorzata. "Innovation in European Union Countries." Gospodarka Narodowa 236, no. 11-12 (2009): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/gn/101233.

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Elekina, Svetlana V. "On some issues of international cooperation in the field of insolvency (bankruptcy)." Juridical Analytical Journal 19, no. 3 (2025): 35–46. https://doi.org/10.18287/1810-4088-2024-19-3-35-46.

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The article is based on a legal analysis of the regulations governing international cooperation in the field of insolvency (bankruptcy). Conflicts between national and international legal systems determine the complexity in solving such significant issues as the competence of courts in cases of cross-border bankruptcy, as the law to be applied to relations related to cross-border bankruptcy, as the procedure and grounds for recognizing and executing judicial acts of foreign bankruptcy courts, as well as the need for international cooperation between States. The content of the foreign element a

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Popondopulo, Vladimir F. "The Russian System of the Legal Regulation of Bankruptcy Relationships: The Status and Development Tendencies." Jurist 5 (May 13, 2021): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3929-2021-5-10-16.

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The article analyzes the main provisions of the current Russian Bankruptcy Act, as well as discusses the discussion issues related to its further improvement. In addition, there is a general critical assessment of some changes in the bankruptcy law of the European Union and Germany, as well as the Russian bill on the upcoming changes to the current Bankruptcy Act. The position is to be defended that the principles on which bankruptcy law should be based are: (a) the maximum possible simplification, leading to a reduction in the time frame for bankruptcy proceedings and, consequently, the prese

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Fézer, Tamás, and Nikolett Zoványi. "Consumer Bankruptcy Regimes In Europe." Prophetic Law Review 5, no. 1 (2023): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.20885/plr.vol5.iss1.art3.

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Consumer over-indebtedness has been a problem in Europe especially since the 2008 financial crisis. Legal procedures addressing consumer insolvency were scarce and sporadic prior to 2008, however, legislation have accelerated in most Member States of the European Union in the past fifteen years. In lack of any harmonization in the area of consumer bankruptcy in the EU, Member States, while learning from each other in some instances, established their own procedures and regulatory frameworks. The paper attempts to map the various approaches in addressing consumer over-indebtedness looking for c

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Barros de Albuquerque, Rodrigo, and Christian Brandão. "European Union Foreign Policy." Carta Internacional 18, no. 2 (2023): e1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.21530/ci.v18n2.2023.1347.

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This article examines the voting patterns of Nordic countries and the Netherlands in the UNGA, highlighting their longstanding alignment. Notably, Norway and Iceland are not part of theEuropean Union, which has been enhancing its foreign policy coherence since 1993. The central focus is to investigate if this integration has led to a divergence between EU member states and non-members. By calculating the voting cohesion rate among these countries in the UNGA from 1993 to 2021, the article found no significant variation in the cohesion rate, suggesting that European integration has not ended th

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Joumard, Isabelle. "Tax systems in European Union countries." OECD Economic Studies 2002, no. 1 (2003): 91–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eco_studies-v2002-art4-en.

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Hsieh, Jin-chi, Ching-cheng Lu, Ying Li, Yung-ho Chiu, and Ya-sue Xu. "Environmental Assessment of European Union Countries." Energies 12, no. 2 (2019): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020295.

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This study utilizes the dynamic data envelopment analysis (DEA) model by considering time to measure the energy environmental efficiency of 28 countries in the European Union (EU) during the period 2006–2013. There are three kinds of variables: input, output, and carry-over. The inputs are labor, capital, and energy consumption (EC). The undesirable outputs are greenhouse gas emissions (GHE) and sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions, and the desirable output variable is gross domestic product (GDP). The carry-over variable is gross capital formation (GCF). The empirical results show that first the dyna

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Gajos, Edyta, Sylwia Małażewska, and Konrad Prandecki. "EMISSION EFFICIENCY OF EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, no. 6 (2018): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7732.

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The aim of the study was to compare the total greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union countries and their emission efficiency. Emission efficiency was calculated as the ratio of emission volume and value to gross value added generated by the economy of a given country (size of the economy). The necessary statistical data was obtained from Eurostat. It was found that in 2015 most of greenhouse gases were emitted by: Germany, United Kingdom, Poland, France and Italy. At the same time, France and the United Kingdom were characterized by one of the best emission efficiency in the European U

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Krivins, Anatolijs, Andrejs Vilks, and Aldona KIPANE. "Corruption perception trends: European Union countries." Access Journal - Access to Science, Business, Innovation in the digital economy 5, no. 1 (2023): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46656/access.2024.5.1(4).

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Anlamassova, M. K., R. T. Japparova, and A. Zh Mukazhanova. "Soft power of European Union countries." BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University.Political Science. Regional Studies. Oriental Studies. Turkology Series. 145, no. 4 (2023): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-6887/2023-145-4-8-18.

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There are two main diplomatic strategies used by states in International Relations: hard power and soft power. Hard power uses the tools of military force or other coercive strategies to achieve the desired result. Soft power, on the other hand, tries to achieve the desired result with persuasive tactics. In short, hard power uses force, while soft power uses charm and attractiveness or makes the other party do what you want.These days, political scientists and other experts have begun to emphasize the increasing effectiveness of using a combination of hard and soft power, or smart power. In I

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Matis, Jozef, and Lenka Nagyová. "Possible Integration of the Security System of the Member Countries of the European Union." Politické vedy 25, no. 3 (2022): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24040/politickevedy.2022.25.3.110-126.

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The processes of globalization and postmodernism are important determinants of the integration of the European Union countries in the field of ensuring security. Ensuring security of the European Union countries requires the creation of an integrated security system of these countries. This study is concerned with the theoretical analysis of an important factor - disponible (available) groups - in ensuring security of the European Union. These groups were defined as professional or volunteer response forces of a military, paramilitary and non-military nature.Two possible ways of integrating na

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