Academic literature on the topic 'Banks and banking, juvenile literature'
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Journal articles on the topic "Banks and banking, juvenile literature"
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Lydiana, Yessie Fransiska, Prof Aurik Gustomo, and Dr Yuni Ros Bangun. "Future Banking: A Literature Review." 13th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 13, no. 1 (June 16, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2022.1(30).
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Nowadays, digital transformation is a buzzword in an academic and business environment. Business, education, banking, government, manufacturing – almost every industry is being "digitally transformed" in the period of the fourth industrial revolution. Many studies, specifically in the last 25 years, tried to discover the elements, drivers, and barriers of digital transformation and the value creation through digital transformation (Verina & Titko, 2019). There is a variety of digital technology strategies. The consumer behaviour triggers a series of technological advances, for every bank must continue to prepare for the future of banking. Conventional banks that currently still have customers, namely traditionalists who feel they don't need digital channels, must also be ready (Insight, 2020). Likewise, digital banking must be ready for the use of future technology. The failure of banks to adapt to consumer needs and the adoption of digital technology will have a significant impact. The speed or phase in digital transformation for banking, specifically in Indonesia, is not the same. Digital transformation in Indonesia's banking industry started quite late compared to other Asian countries, such as Malaysia, Singapore and South Korea. This is due to, among other things, the geographical conditions of Indonesia, which is an archipelago where digital literacy is not homogeneous, and people still have traditional beliefs and preferences for doing their banking in conventional physical branches (Winasis, 2020). The Indonesia Financial Services Authority (FAS) stated that by 2030 in Indonesia, all current banks would be digital, so it is expected that there will be no more branch offices. In addition, native/traditional banks are currently competing with challenger banks and fintech. Banking must be able to know its position in the middle of this digital transformation phase to find the right strategy for future requirements. There are many papers that study about the digital transformation in many industries including banking, but the research about the parameter that can be used to define the future banking itself still few. The purpose of the study is to enrich the existing literature about the future banking by collecting the parameter for the future banking and answer the research question: How the future banking looks alike? Keywords: Future Banking, Digital Transformation, Open Banking, Banking Transformation, Indonesia Banking
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Harahap, Haddad" Ulum, and Rijal Allamah Harahap. "Literature Study of Riba In Banking." International Journal of Economics and Management 1, no. 01 (January 1, 2023): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54209/iem.v1i01.6.
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The purpose of this article is to understand the history of banks usury and banks usury. From the results of the literature conducted, it seems that there are three opinions on the question of whether a bank's interest is usury. Second, it accepts interest because it is not equivalent to the usury prohibited by Islamic law. Third, bank interest is haram, but it is acceptable because there is no way around it. Muslim scholars and scholars still disagree on the following bank interest laws: Abu Zafra, Abu Ala Al Maudi Abdullah Al Arabi, and Yusuf Kardawa said that interest on traditional banks is included in the nasty Nassia class banned by Islam. Ulama's fatwa on the ban on bank interest was actually established at the Islamic Research Conference, attended by 150 prominent scholars, at the second conference in Cairo, Egypt, in May 1965. Since then, various international and domestic ulama forums have issued fatwas banning bank interest.
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Easa, Nasser Fathi. "Knowledge Management at Banking Industry." International Journal of Customer Relationship Marketing and Management 10, no. 2 (April 2019): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcrmm.2019040102.
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The present research reviews the literature had been done on knowledge management (KM) in the banking industry in different countries and provides further guidelines to ensure successful implementation of KM in banks. The findings indicated that the application of KM in banks started at the World Bank in 1996 and was followed by banks in several developed countries then spread out to different places in developing counties. The majority of banks in Western developed countries such as the UK and USA, Canada and Germany, are both human- and technology-oriented in terms of managing knowledge. The majority of KM studies in developing counties were exploratory using quantitative data to investigate to what extent these banks were aware of the importance of KM and how they practiced KM. Additionally, little research had been done to link KM in banks to different topics such as innovation, customer relation management and risk management. Finally, literature provided considerable conclusion to enhance effective KM implementations in banks.
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Busta, Ilduara. "Corporate governance in banking: A survey of the literature." Corporate Ownership and Control 7, no. 3 (2010): 368–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv7i3c3p4.
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The aim of this paper is to explain the particular characteristics of the corporate governance of banks and its role for good bank performance. In order to do that, it reviews the existing literature on this issue trying to answer three main questions: (i) Why are banks different? Existing research points at diverse features, such as, regulation, supervision, capital structure, risk, fiduciary relationships, ownership, and deposit insurance, that would make banks special and thereby influence their corporate governance. (ii) What is different about bank governance? According to past studies, banks’ boards of directors are larger, more independent, have a superior number of committees and meet more often, but seem to play a weaker disciplinary role. Executive compensation would be higher in banking, but pay-performance sensitivity appears lower. (iii) What works for banks? Larger boards, more concentrated ownership structures and certain levels of managerial shareholdings are the principal factors suggested by the empirical evidence to date that seem to lead banks to higher performance.
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Sharma, Sakshi. "Digital Disruption in Banking: A Comparative Analysis of Neo Banks and Traditional Institutions." International Journal of Management and Development Studies 13, no. 3 (March 31, 2024): 01–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53983/ijmds.v13n3.001.
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Purpose- This research aims to conduct a comparative analysis investigating the influence of neo-banks on traditional banking systems. It seeks to bridge the gap in understanding the dynamic changes occurring in the banking sector, particularly with the emergence of neo-banks, by analyzing existing literature and examining potential consequences for conventional banking models. Methodology- To accomplish the research objective, a methodical approach is employed, combining qualitative examination of current literature with quantitative data collection. The study focuses on key variables such as transaction value and user trends to provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics between neo banks and traditional banks. Findings- The analysis highlights significant disparities in the business models of neo banks and traditional banks, along with the profound impacts of technical advancements implemented by neo banks. Additionally, the study evaluates the strategic reactions of traditional banks to the rise of neo banking, including efforts to modify business models and enhance digital capabilities. Conclusion- This research enhances comprehension of the dynamic interplay between neo banks and traditional banks, offering insights into the challenges and opportunities facing the banking sector in the digital era.
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Alandejani, Maha. "An Overview of Efficiency and Profitability in Islamic Banking: A Comparative Study between Islamic Banking and Conventional Banking." Social & Management Research Journal 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 209–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/smrj.v19i1.17675.
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Islamic banks are similar to conventional banks, but differ in some practices, financial contracts, and transactions. The functions and transactions of Islamic Banking and Finance (IBF) are based on Sharia principles, which involve risk sharing. Therefore, there is a significant difference in the applications of lending and investment between Islamic and conventional banks. This review paper aims to map IBF- measurement that related to efficiency and profitability issues, by presenting briefly the nature of IBF, including the prohibition of interest and gambling, with the definition of IBF instruments. It reviews the most valuable existing empirical literature that investigated the efficiency and profitability of Islamic banking, which shows that the business model and techniques for measuring performance in Islamic banking does not differ significantly from that of conventional banking. This paper also discusses the critical terms in the financial methods that are used in IBF studies. It is found that the objectives of profit maximisation and cost minimisation are not vital for IBF and the performance of Islamic banks should be evaluated with indication of the level of promoting socio-economic development. Our finding concludes that, the social objectives of Islamic banks can be achieved after adapting new structures, not only for Islamic banks, but also for central banks, and banking regulations
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Massab, Khizra, and Dr Danish Ahmed Siddiqui. "Role of Islamic Banks in Increasing Financial Inclusion: A Systematic Literature Review." International Journal of Experiential Learning & Case Studies 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2024): 165–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/ijelcs.v9i1.1125.
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This article investigates the contribution of Islamic banks to enhancing access to financial services by looking at their unique method of offering Sharia-compliant goods and services. Islamic banking principles, the study claims, encourage profit-and-loss sharing and forbid riba (interest), which increases access to financial services, particularly for devout Muslims. In particular, this paper looks at how Islamic banks affect financial inclusion in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. This is accomplished by assessing academic literature, industry reports, and statistical data. It looks at potential substitutes, including mobile banking and microfinance, to reach those who need access to traditional banking services and delves into the difficulties Islamic banks have, such as a lack of knowledge about money and location. Data indicate that Islamic banks support economic development and stability by establishing trust via Sharia governance structures. In its last part, the report offers some suggestions on how governments may utilize Islamic banking to increase public access to financial services and promote social change.
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Kleff, Volker, and Martin Weber. "How Do Banks Determine Capital? Evidence from Germany." German Economic Review 9, no. 3 (August 1, 2008): 354–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0475.2008.00437.x.
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Abstract We analyse whether the determinants of capital found in the previous literature hold for the special German banking sector comprising three characteristic banking groups including savings banks, cooperative banks and other banks, which differ regarding their ownership and their access to the capital market. Through the use of accounting data from German banks between 1992 and 2001 we find evidence in accordance with the buffer theory of capital for all German banking groups. Furthermore, we also detect some remarkable differences between the three banking groups regarding their determination of capital due to institutional characteristics.
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Alshater, Muneer Maher, Ashraf Khan, Mohammad Kabir Hassan, and Andrea Paltrinieri. "Islamic Banking: Past, Present and Future." Journal of College of Sharia & Islamic Studies 41, no. 1 (December 2022): 193–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/jcsis.2023.0351.
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Purpose: The Islamic banking literature has been growing rapidly in the last decade. The aim of this study is to carry out a retrospective hybrid review to reveal this literature’s influential scientific actors (countries, institutions, journals, authors and documents), identify and discuss its most important streams, and finally, present a future research agenda. Methodology: We use a bibliometric approach, performing a review and objective analysis of 1,304 articles dealing with Islamic banking published during 1983–2021. We apply citation, keyword, and coauthorship analysis, as well as bibliographic coupling via VOSviewer software and Biblioshiny (an R package). Findings: We identify the influential aspects in the literature and discuss four important research streams: (1) overview, growth, and legal framework of Islamic banks; (2) Islamic banks’ performance and risk management practices; (3) customer and marketing perspectives of Islamic banking; and (4) the dynamics of efficiency in Islamic banks. Originality: This is one of the first studies to apply state-of-the-art methodology to review the literature related to Islamic banking and to highlight the dynamics of Islamic banks while presenting an extensive future research agenda.
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Harsono, Mugi, and Vivin Zulfa Atina. "Islamic Banking Literature Review. Is Islamic Banking in Accordance with Sharia Principles?" Amwaluna: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan Syariah 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 116–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/amwaluna.v7i1.11023.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning and issues of Islamic banking between 2012 and 2022. Data acquisition based on Scopus and Google Scholar databases using systematic literature reviews (SLR). We identified the need for SLR in Islamic Banking publications. The purpose of this study is to overcome differences in viewpoints in the context of Islamic banking to provide a clear classification view of the resulting research articles. This article highlights the current collaboration between the authors, to identify gaps in the review of Islamic banking literature. This research is a descriptive qualitative research by explaining the meaning and issues of previous research based on the similarity of titles and related differences to find results that are more relevant to the current condition of Islamic banking. The result of the study found that researchers generally define Islamic banks as banks based on sharia principles that promote mutual prosperity and optimal social achievement.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Banks and banking, juvenile literature"
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Fagerström, Johanna. "How China and Nordic countries conceptualise Corporate Social Responsibility : – A study of senior decision-makers’ statements within the banking sector." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Kinesiska, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35145.
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The “statement” from senior decision-maker is a section in the sustainability report, where the most “senior decision-maker” of the institution (such as CEO, chairman, or equivalent senior position) gives the personal view about the relevance of sustainability to the institution and its strategy for addressing sustainability. Such a statement is one medium used by company leaders to communicate their attitudes and values to stakeholders in sustainability reports. Under commercial circumstances, sustainability is also referred to as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). This paper analyzes Chinese and Nordics senior decision-makers’ perception of CSR within the banking sector. The research sample consists of statements of senior decision-makers from sustainability reports of four Chinese banks, respective four Nordic banks. Previous studies show that CSR conception is influenced by cultural and social backgrounds. By analyzing respective Chinese/Nordic senior decision-maker’s statement, this study isaimingtofindout how Chinese/Nordic culture and social concepts are promoted in their respective bank institutions, and therefore lead to different CSR focus and strategies. The results from the study show that Chinese senior decision-makers’ statements are strongly influenced by traditional Chinese philosophy and social background, especially Confucian and Taoism, as well asXi Jinping’s guidelines delivered at the 19th National Congress of the Communist and the 13th Five-Year Plan. In relation to the Nordic senior decision-makers the gender equality and racial equality were noted. Senior decision-makers of Chinese banks mainly focus on “social stability and progress”, “economic responsibility”, and “customers”,while senior decision-makers of Nordic banks mainly focus on “economic responsibility”, “customers”, and “environmental protection”.公司资深决策者(首席执行官，董事长，或同等级别)会在可持续发展报告中 用一个章节来申明他们的观点。这个章节的内容涵盖可持续发展与该公司组 织架构的相关度，以及该公司可持续发展的战略和对策。公司领导通过这种 形式对股东传达公司的态度和价值观。在商业环境中，可持续发展也经常被 称为公司社会责任(CSR)。 本论文分析了中国和北欧银行业资深决策者们对于企业社会责任的认知。本 论文的研究对象是银行可持续发展报告中资深决策者的陈述观点，它们分别 取自4家中国银行和4家北欧银行。现存的研究指出公司社会责任这一概念以 及对其的认知受到文化和社会背景的影响。通过研究中国和北欧不同银行资 深决策者在可持续发展报告中的陈述及观点，本论文意在深入理解文化和社 会因素是如何在公司中得到，并最终影响公司社会责任的实践和战略。 研究结果显示中国传统哲学和社会背景深刻影响中国银行业资深决策者对于 可持续发展的陈述和观点，特别是儒家思想，道家思想，和习近平在19大的 报告，以及中国第十三个五年规划。而在北欧，可持续发展报告主要受到性 别平等和种族平等方面的影响。在银行可持续报告中，中国的资深决策者主 要关注“社会平稳和发展”，“经济责任”，和“客户”，而北欧的资深决策者主 要关注“经济责任”，“客户”和“环境保护”。
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"Research on the Development of Multinational Investment Banks in China." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.29842.
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abstract: This study investigates three issues that are relevant for the development of multinational investment banks in China. The first is about the domestic market conditions that are necessary for a country to develop multinational investment banks. The second issue is about the degree to which China has met these conditions. The last issue focuses on the potential strategies Chinese investment banks can undertake to become multinational corporations.
To address the first issue, I draw an important distinction between international investment banks and multinational investment banks. For an international investment bank to be regarded as a multinational, I propose that it must have a strong presence (i.e., holding at least one percent of the market share) in at least two of the seven major capital markets in the world. Using this criterion, I identify 25 multinational investment banks. I then analyze their home countries’ domestic market conditions and propose that the following six factors are important to the development of multinational investment banks: the size of the home country’s gross domestic product (GDP), the total capitalization of its domestic security market, the number of its Global 500 firms, the volume of its foreign direct investment (FDI), the internationalization of its currency, and the openness of its capital market to foreign investors.
By comparisons, I find that China’s domestic market conditions are comparable to the home countries of multinational investment banks with respect to the size of GDP, total market capitalization, the number of Global 500 firms, and the volume of FDI. What China lags behind are the internationalization of currency and the openness of capital market to foreign investors. Given the current trends of development, it is very likely that China will be able to catch up on the latter within ten years, thus meeting all the conditions necessary for the development of multinational investment banks.
Based on the above findings, I suggest that Chinese investment banks seize this historical opportunity, speed up the internationalization of their businesses, and learn from the experiences of global industry leaders to become truly multinational corporations.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2015
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MOHAMD, DIWANI MAZEN. "Topics in banks’ profitability, risk and efficiency." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1559981.
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Investigating the factors which determine bank profitability has been a hot topic for decades, however, there
is still no consensus among researchers, practitioners, or policymakers regarding the set of factors that affect
bank profitability due to the differences in social, economic, legal, and technical contexts across banking
systems all over the world which give rise to the existence of many econometric specifications and samples
design. In this paper, we survey 65 studies on bank profitability which covers the banking systems in three
major blocs; the US, the EU, and the rest of the world (RoW). We followed two approaches; the first is to
classify the surveyed studies into subgroups based on the used measure of profitability (ROA or ROE),
sample size (small or large), and the time frame (the period) that data covers in each study (short or long).
We then trace the impact of each of the factors of profitability (defined earlier) on the measure of profitability
within the aforementioned subgroups across the different geographical areas. We call this approach “between
blocks”. The second approach was to trace the impact of each factor on ROA or ROE within each
geographical area; namely the US, EU, and RoW. We call this approach the “within blocks”. Factors are said
to have an impact on ROA or ROE based on a set of rules we design within the paper. Based on “between
blocks”, we find three factors with consistent impact on ROA in all subgroups (CAP, CE, and GGDP) which
are all positively related to ROA; One factor (CR) was found to have a negative impact on ROA in three
subgroups. Comparing the impact of each factor on ROE across the three subgroups, we find only one factor
(CE) that is positively related to ROE in three subgroups. Based on “within blocks”, and within the US,
factors that are found to be positively related to ROA are CAP, CE, GGDP, and INF, while CR is negatively
related to ROA. On the other hand, factors that are found to be positively related to ROE are CE and NII,
while CR and LIQ are negatively related to ROE. In the EU, factors that are found to be positively related to
ROA are CAP, CE, and GGDP, while CR, LIQ, BSD, and INF are found to be negatively related to ROA.
On the other hand, factors that are found to be positively related to ROE are CE and GGDP, while CR is the
only factor with a negative impact on ROE. Finally, factors that are found to have a positive impact on ROA
within RoW are CAP and CE, while CR and LIQ are negatively related to ROA. When it comes to ROE, CE
and GGDP have a positive impact while LIQ is negatively related to ROE. To check for the robustness of
our findings, we decided to account for the “quality” of each of the surveyed papers to assure that they are
equally weighted in terms of each paper’s quality. Hence, we have to consider only the papers which come
from top journals, or in some cases, bad journals but the papers are of high quality. To perform this task, we
build a “quality index” which rules out all the papers that are of scholarly low quality by defining some rules.
As a result of applying this index, our surveyed studies were downsized from 65 to only 45 studies. Our
findings confirm the results obtained before the index was applied which confirms that the inclusion of such
index represents a special case of the approaches we developed in tracing the impacts of determinants of bank
profitability internationally and, therefore, our results are robust.Using the fixed effect estimator, this paper analyzes the profitability of 11 private banks in Syria over the period from 2007:Q1 to 2018:Q4. To evaluate the impact of the Syrian crisis (civil war), we separately consider the pre-crisis period, 2007:Q1-2012:Q4, and the crisis period of 2013:Q1-2018:Q4. Our profitability determinants include bank-specific characteristics as well as industry-specific and macroeconomic factors, some of which have not been considered in previous studies. The inclusion of these additional factors as well as the separate consideration of the crisis years allow us to gain new insights into what determines the profitability of private banks in Syria. Our results clearly show that there exist large differences in profitability among our sample banks and that a significant amount of this variation can be explained by the factors included in our analyses.
Unlike the past literature which focuses on studying the effects of bank efficiency on the bank performance (in the same period) using different methodologies to assess how differences in the efficiencies obtained across the different methods lead to different impacts, we test the impacts of bank efficiency of the Syrian banking sector in normal times on bank performance (risk & profitability) during the subsequent crisis. We extend the work of Assaf et al. (2019) by opting to use two different methodologies; Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) and Free Distribution Approach (FDA) to estimate cost and profit efficiencies during normal times and assess how the different methodologies lead to different impacts of the estimated efficiencies on bank performance during crisis times assuming two scenarios for the estimation of inefficiencies; the first is a time-invariant inefficiency while the second is a time-varying inefficiency. With respect to bank risk, we find that cost efficiency during normal times was translated into increasing banks risk, under time-invariant and time-varying inefficiency. However, we find that profit efficiency has a negative impact on bank risk during the subsequent crisis under timeinvariant and time-varying inefficiency. This suggests that cost efficiency may better proxy management quality, while profit efficiency may partially reflect temporary high returns during normal times from low-risk investments that are reversed during the subsequent crisis. With respect to bank profitability, we find that cost efficiency, during normal times, was translated into helping banks to increase their profitability under the time-invariant inefficiency. However, the results were contradictory under the time-varying inefficiency. On the other hand, profit efficiency in the pre-crisis period seems to be conclusive with respect to its negative impact on profitability during the subsequent crisis. This was proven based on the results of two models under time-invariant inefficiency and one model under timevarying inefficiency suggesting that bank managers were tending to engage in high revenues-low risk activities in the period prior to the outbreak of the Syrian crisis. Findings have policy implications and imply policymakers, regulators and supervisors should consider more sophisticated means of monitoring and surveillance of banks characterized with high-cost efficiency as early as possible in order to decrease and minimize the occurrence of potential problems that might surface during future financial crises. In addition, bank managers should focus on utilizing policies and procedures that promote and foster cost efficiency, which may drive better bank performance and enhance the response of banks to possible negative shocks during any subsequent crises.
Books on the topic "Banks and banking, juvenile literature"
More sourcesBook chapters on the topic "Banks and banking, juvenile literature"
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Cosma, Stefano, Riccardo Ferretti, Elisabetta Gualandri, Andrea Landi, and Valeria Venturelli. "The Business Model of Banks: A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature." In The Business of Banking, 131–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54894-4_7.
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Ha, Minh Son, and Thuy Linh Nguyen. "Digital Transformation in Banking: A Case from Vietnam." In Smart Cities in Asia, 103–14. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1701-1_9.
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AbstractThis article aims to examine the literature on digital transformation in the banking sectors and the current commercial banks’ digital transformation landscape in Vietnam. The paper provides examples of some local commercial banks to show that digital banking should be considered an integral part of smart cities. The paper also analyzes the challenges facing Vietnamese banks in their digitalization process to become smarter banks. Next, the study makes some recommendations about how to leverage the digitalization process in the Vietnamese banking system. It can be concluded from this research that digital transformation is key to the banking industry creating value for the customer and keeping pace with innovation in smart cities where people expect real-time, instant gratification. This paper also suggests further research directions.
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Siklósi, Veronika, and Zsuzsanna Széles. "The future of banking or the concept of sustainability in the banking sector." In Green and Digital Transitions, 124–36. Szeged, Hungary: Szegedi Tudományegyetem, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/gtk.gdtgiss.2024.8.
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Hungarian commercial banks have been required to publish their sustainability report since 2017. The research topic focuses on the analysis of ESG disclosure at international commercial banks in Hungary based on the data of the annual reports published from 2019 to 2021. This study reports on empirical research using the method of detailed reading and manual coding after reviewing the literature. The concept of sustainability is introduced, focusing on the banking sector and the quality level of disclosures, the changes, and the progress from 2019 to 2021 as the result of the research is discussed. The European Green Deal Investment Plan and the Just Transition Mechanism was announced in January 2020. The effect of the European Green Deal and the opportunity of green investments within the framework to the ESG disclosure quality level are also discussed in the paper.
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Orhun, Eda. "Islamic Banking in GCC." In Growth and Emerging Prospects of International Islamic Banking, 1–16. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1611-9.ch001.
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This chapter offers a literature review discussing the origin, history, and the growth of Islamic Banking, especially in the GCC countries. It provides detailed information regarding how Islamic Banking evolved throughout the years and what are the current Islamic financial products. Another interesting topic covered in this literature review is the performance comparison of Islamic and conventional banks during different time periods. Accordingly, the chapter explores how the financial standing of Islamic banks altered in comparison to conventional banks before and after the financial crisis of 2008 by presenting earlier studies from various countries. It is concluded that some potential challenges and future opportunities of the Islamic Banking are yet to be explored.
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Bindseil, Ulrich. "Lending to Private Borrowers and Other Private Assets." In Central Banking before 1800, 108–35. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849995.003.0005.
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This chapter recalls the economic rationale of central bank lending to private borrowers (Section 4.1) and argues that the recent literature has often underestimated the importance of such lending by early central banks, without this implying that central banks were really competing with ‘commercial’ banks (Section 4.2). Finally, it illustrates pre-eighteenth-century awareness of the subject by reviewing the literature of the time (Section 4.3). Lending of central banks to private borrowers had a number of advantages relevant as of the first centuries of central banking: (1) providing an option for granular asset diversification and expansion, allowing thereby also to increase the monetary base; (2) generating income with limited risks; (3) improving the availability and pricing of loans for private debtors; (4) anchorizing the central bank in society. Lending to private borrowers took in particular the form of Lombard and discount operations.
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Ozili, Peterson K. "Economic Policy Uncertainty in Banking." In Handbook of Research on Financial Management During Economic Downturn and Recovery, 275–90. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6643-5.ch015.
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This chapter is a survey of the most important research in the economic policy uncertainty literature. Economic policy uncertainty, although still under-researched relative to mainstream topics in economics and finance, has recently received increased scholarly attention. Through synthesizing common themes in the literature, the chapter highlights the progress made so far and suggests some avenues for future research that allow future researchers to position their research and differentiate themselves from other studies in the literature. The chapter finds that economic policy uncertainty affects banks through a reduction in credit supply and loan re-pricing. High economic policy uncertainty compels bank managers to discretionary distortion of bank financial reporting in ways that help them to mitigate the depressing effect of economic policy uncertainty on banks' financial statements.
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Bindseil, Ulrich. "Current Views on the Nature and Origins of Central Banks." In Central Banking before 1800, 8–29. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849995.003.0002.
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Chapter 1 first restates the present dominant view on the nature and origin of central banking, which can be summarized as follows: (1) Defining central banking is ‘by no means straightforward’; (2) the Riksens Ständers Bank and the Bank of England would have been the first sort-of central banks; (3) early central banks did not have a policy mandate and the orientation towards public objectives would go back only to the nineteenth century; (4) there has been no concept of central banking before 1800; (5) early central banking developed out of the largest commercial banks; (6) the lender of last resort (LOLR) would have developed only in the second half of the nineteenth century or even later. Second, the chapter reviews a recent literature which started again to question this view. It is explained how this book will take up the challenge to correct the myth about the origins of central banking.
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Bindseil, Ulrich. "Lender of Last Resort." In Central Banking before 1800, 136–54. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198849995.003.0006.
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The recent central banking literature often argues that the LOLR function would be the key feature defining a ‘modern’ central bank. This chapter argues that this view may appear too radical (despite the enormous benefits of the LOLR) as the appearance of the LOLR does not change the nature of central banking (which is primarily associated with the issuance of central bank money). After providing an overview of the roles of central banks for financial stability, the chapter focuses on one early LOLR episode, namely the measures of the Hamburger Bank, Bank of Amsterdam and Bank of England in the European debt crisis of 1763. It is shown that in particular the Hamburger Bank acted as systemic lender of last resort, comparable to what modern central banks did in 2008.
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Olgu, Özlem, and Emrah Yılmaz. "Foreign Ownership and Bank Efficiency." In Global Strategies in Banking and Finance, 75–100. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4635-3.ch006.
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This chapter examines the association between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and efficiency of commercial banks in Turkey during the 2003-2010 period. First, the authors examine the technical efficiency of banks by applying the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and financial ratio analysis following the relevant literature. Then, they attempt to shed light on the relationship between FDI and bank efficiency applying a second stage regression analysis. The results indicate that banks that have received FDI are more efficient than others whilst there is no significant correlation among the FDI dummy and bank efficiency in Turkey. Moreover, the analysis of balance sheet ratios suggests that foreign investors target more profitable and larger banks in the sector to form partnerships. Thus, consistent with Berger et al. (2003), the authors propose that efficiency is a pre-condition rather than a result of FDI in the Turkish banking sector.
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Moss QC, Gabriel, Bob Wessels, and Matthias Haentjens. "Principles for Cross-Border Financial Institution Insolvencies." In EU Banking and Insurance Insolvency. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759393.003.0003.
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In general it is recognized in insolvency literature that several principles or underlying rules apply in international insolvency cases. For a better understanding we briefly mention the most important ones, based on the description of these principles in the context of cross-border insolvency of banks by Devos.
Conference papers on the topic "Banks and banking, juvenile literature"
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Fotova Čiković, Katerina, Damira Keček, and Damira Tkalec. "LITERATURE REVIEW ON DEA BANKS' APPLICATION IN THE WESTERN BALKANS." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2022.0010.
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This study aims to identify and present the relevant studies employing DEA applications in bank efficiency evaluation in six Western Balkan (WB) countries as follows: North Macedonia, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, Albania and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). This article implements an extensive systematic literature review of studies that employ the DEA methodology in the efficiency evaluation of Western Balkan countries’ banking systems. The conducted literature review has surveyed the Scopus, Web of Science (SSCI and SCI papers) and Google Scholar databases with „Data Envelopment Analysis“, „Western Balkan“ (and each of the WB countries as keywords) and „Bank“ as keywords for the search following the PRISMA guidelines for systematic literature review. Thereafter, a manual survey of these studies was conducted, which eventually resulted in 31 papers regarding the efficiency of WB countries’ banking systems. This study provides an in-depth literature review on bank efficiency studies with DEA in each of the analysed Western Balkan countries (eight in Serbia, six in North Macedonia, none in Montenegro, three in Albania, three in Kosovo, five in Bosnia and Herzegovina and six cross-country studies that include any of these Western Balkan countries), as well as a presentation of their used models, the selected variables and their findings. The findings reveal that, in most cases, the large banks in WB are most efficient and the small-sized banks are the least efficient. This literature review indicates that the surveyed studies have been published in the period between 2008 and 2022. The findings primarily show the applicability of DEA in the bank efficiency literature
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Markiewicz, Magdalena, and Joanna Bednarz. "Silver Integration for Age-Inclusiveness – Implementing Sustainability Development Goals in Retail Banking." In 8th FEB International Scientific Conference. University of Maribor Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.epf.5.2024.33.
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Purpose: The main goal is to explore the advancement of knowledge on senior customers' needs in a banking environment, integrating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) in the context of the silver economy. Methodology: The study employs a systematic literature review on senior retail banking customers to identify how banks integrate silver economy into their Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) strategies and how they are reflected in the literature. Findings: The paper supports the concept of "silver banking" and shows the research gap in analysing seniors and the sustainability performance of retail banks. Limitations: Responding to SDG goals in banking, the research recognises this environment based on the Web of Science. Implications: Banks can foster an inclusive and sustainable approach by addressing the needs of the ageing people with a range of ESG-linked initiatives within retail banking, including age-inclusive banking products, services, environments, and community engagement programs tailored to seniors. Originality/Value: The research contributes to the discussion on SDG by highlighting the opportunities for banks to contribute to societal well-being through the lens of silver banking. It offers insights into opportunities associated with an ageing demographic, advancing an inclusive and responsible approach to retail banking concerning Sustainable Banking Goals.
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Žigienė, Gerda, and Mantas Valukonis. "NII FORECASTING MODEL FOR LOCAL BALTIC BANKS IRRBB MANAGEMENT." In 12th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2022“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2022.844.
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This paper contributes to the existent literature and the current discussions on regulatory changes towards bank exposure to interest rate risk in the banking book (IRRBB) aiming to provide the model on the computation of earning based gap analysis under unconditional cash flow for the European Bank Authority’s (EBA’s) category 4 banks (i. e. small non-complex domestic financial institutions). The problem, discussed in this paper, arises because the Final Standards issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision do not determine the level of sophistication of the IRRBB measurement techniques. There are different explanations of consultants, some surveys, and recommendations, but no suggestions on the particular modeling towards regulation in IRRBB have been found. Another issue addressed here is the uneven capacity of creating risk assessment models of large international and small domestic financial insti-tutions due to the difference in human resources. We first discuss recent changes of regulation on interest rates in the banking book and the background of these changes. We then develop a methodology of the model for assessment of earning-based gap analysis under unconditional cash flows for the 4th category of banks (small, local banks). In addi-tion, the model with one of the Baltic domestic commercial bank’s simulated data is tested.
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Misorimaligayo, Beatrice Wekhe, Edward G. Ochieng, and Helen Hoka Osiolo. "ESG RISKS INTEGRATION, MANAGEMENT, REPORTING AND COMPETITIVE OPPORTUNITIES IN COMMERCIAL BANKS – A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW." In 13th International Scientific Conference „Business and Management 2023“. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2023.1021.
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The purpose and main objective of the study was to carry out a systematic review of literature on ESG risks integration, management and reporting and its associated challenges and opportunities in the banking sector due to inadequacy in literature related to the aspects of strategy, governance, assessment, measurement, management, monitoring, reporting, culture and data and technology in emerging markets and some developed countries. Five steps in the systematic mapping process were employed and findings revealed the need for further investigation on ESG issues and policy action to focus on the scope, scale and magnitude of the associated challenges and opportunities.
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Freimanis, Kristaps, and Maija Šenfelde. "Credit creation theory and financial intermediation theory: different insights on banks’ operations." In Contemporary Issues in Business, Management and Economics Engineering. Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cibmee.2019.033.
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Purpose – already for more than one hundred years there is an ongoing discussion about the role and function of banks, which subsequently has affected banking regulation. Three theories of banking were dominant in different periods of the 20th century: Credit creation theory (the oldest), Fractional reserve theory, Financial intermediation theory. Authors are contributing to the theoretical discussion with research showing that Credit creation theory and Financial intermediation theory reflect different insights on banks’ operations. Research methodology – literature review (regarding theories), financial ratio calculations (Loans-to-Deposits ratio); Findings – using Loans-to-Deposits ratio calculations for several banks researchers have found that banks’ lending process can be explained by Credit creation theory however banks’ Strategic Asset-Lability Management can be explained by Financial intermediation theory. Research limitations – (a) only domestic banks were selected as in this research it is important to get the needed relationship between deposits and lending. Subsidiaries of foreign banks could have not balanced balance sheet from Loansto-Deposits ratio perspective as their funding could come from abroad if the business model in Baltics is primarily lending oriented, (b) Baltic market was taken because of know-how of researchers about banks operations here and history of their transformation, (c) audited financial reports were used as they gave a sufficient picture of banks Loansto-Deposits ratio. Practical implications – theoretical discussion in this paper enlightens the role and function of the banks thereby improving understanding of better banking regulation. Authors propose to adjust the current banking regulatory framework which is focused on capital requirements. Originality/Value – current research provides some link between existing banking theories (Credit creation theory and Financial intermediation theory) shaping a new hybrid concept and proposing an adjusted regulatory framework based on this hybrid concept
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Veganzones, David, and Eric Séverin. "ON THE INFLUENCE OF BANKING RELATIONSHIPS ON FRENCH SMES FAILURE." In Economic and Business Trends Shaping the Future. Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Faculty of Economics-Skopje, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47063/ebtsf.2020.0015.
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Small and medium firms are highly dependent on banks to finance their business activities. Thus, banking relationship may be crucial to overcome financial difficulties and to ensure their continuity. Accordingly, this paper investigates the influence of banking relationship on SMEs failure. In particular, four measures that firms can control to build their banking relationships and, that resemble standard variables from the literature on bank/firms relationships are evaluated: the breadth of relationships (number of banks), the relationship length(relationship duration), the relationship proximity (bank-firm distance) and, the relationship form (type of bank). Applying a logistic regression to a unique sample of 4960 French SME firms over the period 2013-2016, we evidence that banking relationships have a significant role on the SMEs likelihood of failure. More precisely, we find that multibank relationships, working with a small bank and relationship length are significantly negative correlated with SMEs failure. The opposite effect appears in bank-firm distance, which increases the SMEs probability of failure. Additionally, a corporate failure prediction model was built based on both financial ratios and banking relationship variables. The performance of this model was compared to a model based solely on financial ratios as predictive indicators. The results indicate that banking relationship variables possess prediction power to failure and enhance the performance of corporate failure models. Consequently, our findings are important from a policy perspective to further comprehend the role that banks play on SMEs failure.
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Fernando, WDN, P. Sridarran, and Y. J. M. Yatawatta. "Applicability of drive-thru banking facility for the new normal setup: a case of covid-19 pandamic in Sri Lanka." In World Construction Symposium - 2023. Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2023.17.
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Banks play an important role in economic growth and social welfare enhancement. However, the COVID-19 epidemic had an unanticipated significant impact on enterprises and organisations. Nonetheless, due to the crucial nature of their services, banks should continue to operate. As a result, to increase efficiency and profitability, the banking industry has embraced cutting-edge technology and access techniques. One of the most popular methods in the worldwide banking sector is drive-thru banking. However, in Sri Lanka, no particular emphasis has been paid to this type of facility, and there has been no adequate study on this topic addressing the applicability of drive-thru banking facility. A detailed literature analysis was conducted to review the concept and important components of drive-thru banking, as well as elements of the banking business globally and regarding to the Sri Lanka. Case studies and a survey were used to continue the study using the qualitative research approach. The study examined how each of the implementation factors, such as enablers, barriers, benefits, limitations, requirements, and customer perspectives on this facility, affected the applicability. Accordingly, certain factors such as high initial costs, supplier and maintenance constraints, carparking limitations, queue control, and accessibility need to be addressed. The study concludes that by considering these implementation variables, drive-thru banking can yield positive outcomes for both customers and bankers. The study recommends that banks in Sri Lanka explore the potential of drive-thru banking facilities and adopt them as a means of improving their services and meeting customer needs in a changing landscape.
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Capuano, Paolo. "Does the education level of board members affect the bank’s performance? Evidence from US banks." In Corporate governance: An interdisciplinary outlook. Virtus Interpress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgaiop5.
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The scientific literature on banks’ corporate governance has considered multiple characteristics of the board of directors to try to understand its effects in terms of banking performance; however, there is a gap in the literature on the effects of the quality of education of board members on the banks’ performance. Indeed, there is no consensus in the literature that human capital resources can predict risk-taking or bank performance. This study seeks to reduce this gap by examining for the period 2000–2021 the impact of the quality of the education background of board members on the performance of a group of large US banks. The results of this empirical investigation may offer relevant policy implications. The Federal Reserve System may consider adopting stricter measures than those currently imposed to control the behavior of the bank’s board members and reduce agency problems
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Izzo, Teresa, Gianluca Risaliti, and Ludovica Evangelista. "The banking management of sustainability: Assessing the integration of ESG factors at governance level." In Corporate governance: An interdisciplinary outlook. Virtus Interpress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgaiop13.
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This study aims to contribute to green banking literature, which represents an emerging and quite unripe research field. In particular, we will evaluate the amount and the quality of ESG information considering financial statements, integrated and sustainability reports, as well as other forms of corporate disclosure published on the websites of the banks sampled. Starting from these considerations, the purpose of this work is to provide an assessment model for measuring the integration of ESG factors in the banking industry.
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Tóth, Tibor. "The Effects of COVID-19 on the Digital Transformation of the Hungarian Banking Sector." In New Horizons in Business and Management Studies. Conference Proceedings. Corvinus University of Budapest, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/978-963-503-867-1_06.
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When choosing the topic, I tried to focus on dealing with such a current and ongoing event, we still don’t see the result, and I just find where it develops in three, five, or ten years. Digitization affects all segments and industries to varying degrees, and its impact can be widely demonstrated. Besides, the precarious economic situation resulting from the COVID-19 epidemic further complicates the situation. I found the topic relevant because I am dealing with a phenomenon, a dilemma that directly or indirectly affects everyone and can be useful to a wider audience. During the dissertation, I try to answer the following questions: How does COVID-19 affect the process of digital transformation in the Hungarian banking sector? And how does this affect the collaboration strategies of banks and FinTech companies? In my work, I rely mainly on previous publications and articles by international, prominent researchers. Also, I conducted interviews with Hungarian experts who are currently actively working for Hungarian banks. During the selection of the interviewees, I followed the concept of asking the employees of different financial institutions working at different levels for the most comprehensive picture. In terms of methodology, in addition to processing the interviews and evaluating the literature, I tried to collect and analyze surveys and public data from various commercial banks, regulatory bodies, and major consulting firms. In this article, I have collected trends that have influenced the current state of the banking sector and present the operating environment. In addition to the positive and negative factors influencing the relationship between domestic commercial banks and FinTech companies, I outline a possible scenario for a future digitization strategy for the banking sector. This exploratory research aims to examine the situation and to identify the most important variables and correlations.
Reports on the topic "Banks and banking, juvenile literature"
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Micco, Alejandro, Eduardo Levy Yeyati, and Ugo Panizza. Should the Government Be in the Banking Business?: The Role of State-Owned and Development Banks. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010834.
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This paper surveys the theoretical and empirical literature on the role of state-owned banks and also presents some new results and a robustness analysis. The paper shows that state-owned banks located in developing countries have fiscal costs because they are characterized by lower returns than comparable privately owned banks (on the other hand, there is no evidence that state-owned banks located in industrial countries are less profitable than their private counterparts). We then point out that this evidence cannot be used as an argument against the existence of state-owned banks, as this low profitability might stem from state-owned banks activity on projects characterized by low private sector investment and high social return. While we find no evidence that the presence of state-owned banks promotes economic growth or financial development, we also find that the evidence that state-owned banks lead to lower growth and financial development is not as strong as previously thought.
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Brassil, Anthony. The Consequences of Low Interest Rates for the Australian Banking Sector. Reserve Bank of Australia, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rdp2022-08.
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There is a vast international literature exploring the consequences of low interest rates for various banking sectors. In this paper, I explore how this international literature relates to the Australian banking sector, which operates differently to other jurisdictions. In the face of low rates, the profitability of Australian banks has likely been less adversely affected than what the international literature would predict, but the flip side to this is that the pass-through of monetary policy to lending rates may have been more muted. I then use a recent advance in macrofinancial modelling to explore whether pass-through in Australia could turn negative – the so called 'reversal rate' – and find that the features of the Australian banking system mean a reversal rate is highly unlikely to exist in Australia.
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Nunes, João, and Sérgio Lagoa. Lessons from the collapse of two banks in Portugal: Implications for banking management and regulation. DINÂMIA'CET-Iscte, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2023.04.
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It is almost 10 years since one of Portugal’s five largest banks, BES, was subject to a bank resolution measure. In 2015, another large bank, BANIF, followed the same path. Now that some time has passed and the full consequences of the resolutions materialised, it is time to reflect on the causes of the crises at these two banks and to draw lessons for the future. In addition to looking into the relevant literature, official company reports, parliamentary inquiries, newspapers and other public information, we examine whether key financial ratios could have raised a red flag. We conclude that the collapses were explained by a mixture of macrostructural causes and above all bank-specific factors. The two cases are good illustrations of the negative effects of financialisation in the Portuguese economy. The key profitability and risk indicators provided some timely indications of the problems facing the two banks.
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Vestergaard, Jakob. Monetary Policy for the Climate? A Money View Perspective on Green Central Banking. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp188.
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Central banks can potentially influence the investment decisions of private financial institutions, which in turn will create incentives towards green technology adoption and development of lower emission business models. This paper examines how monetary policies can be deployed to promote a greening of finance. To guide the efforts, the paper mobilizes the Money View literature. This enables a comparative assessment of different monetary policy options. The main finding is that a promising way forward for green monetary policy is to adopt a strategy of expanding collateral eligibility through positive screening and widening haircut spreads to change relative incentives in favor of green over brown assets.
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Bahar Baziki, Selva, María J. Nieto, and Rima Turk-Ariss. Sovereign portfolio composition and bank risk: the case of European banks. Madrid: Banco de España, September 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/33599.
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We extend the literature on the sovereign-bank nexus by examining the composition effects of sovereign portfolios on banks’ risk profile, unlike previous studies which generally analyzed the determinants of banks’ sovereign portfolios or the size effects of these portfolios. We also differ from previous studies with respect to the measures of risk considered and by covering a sample period that goes well beyond the global financial crisis (2009-2018). Drawing on granular data from the European Banking Authority, we find that banks are riskier when their portfolio includes a higher proportion of securities issued by higher-risk sovereigns or when they are themselves domiciled in a country with high sovereign credit risk. Nevertheless, we do not find conclusive evidence that larger holdings of government securities of the country where the bank is incorporated increase bank risk ex-post. However, the risk profile is higher for banks that received government capital injections than for banks that did not receive capital support in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Banks that received government capital injections are less risky when their portfolio includes a higher proportion of securities issued by higher-risk sovereigns. These results may indicate that regulatory arbitrage motives at these banks are particularly important.
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Quak, Evert-jan. The Trend Of “De-Risking” In International Finance and Its Impact on Small Island Developing States. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.079.
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This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic sources, knowledge institutions, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and trusted independent media outlets on the challenges small island development states (SIDS) face when they lose correspondent banking relationships (CBRs). The rapid review concludes that, although the loss of CBRs is a global phenomenon, regions with SIDS, such as the Pacific and Caribbean, have seen the highest rates of withdrawals. During the last decade, local and regional banks in SIDS have lost and continue to lose bank accounts at large global banks to a critical level, sometimes having only one or none CBRs with banks in major economies, such as the Unites States, the United Kingdom, the European Union or Australia. This means that local banks have reduced access to financial services related to cross-border financial transactions, impacting on remittances and trade finance.
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Gutiérrez, José E., and Luis Fernández Lafuerza. Credit line runs and bank risk management: evidence from the disclosure of stress test results. Madrid: Banco de España, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/25006.
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As noted in recent literature, firms can run on credit lines due to fear of future credit restrictions. We exploit the 2011 stress test supervised by the European Banking Authority (EBA) and the Spanish Central Credit Register to explore: 1) the occurrence and magnitude of these runs after the release of negative stress test results; and 2) banks’ behaviour before and after the release of this information. We find that, following the release of the results, firms drew down approximately 10 pp more available funds from lines granted by banks that had a worse performance in the stress test. Moreover, before the release date, poorer performing banks were more likely to reduce the size of credit lines, while those with more significant balances of undrawn credit lines were more likely to cut term lending.
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Gutiérrez, José E., and Luis Fernández Lafuerza. Credit line runs and bank risk management: evidence from the disclosure of stress test results. Madrid: Banco de España, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/24998.
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As noted in recent literature, firms can run on credit lines due to fear of future credit restrictions. We exploit the 2011 stress test supervised by the European Banking Authority (EBA) and the Spanish Central Credit Register to explore: 1) the occurrence and magnitude of these runs after the release of negative stress test results; and 2) banks’ behaviour before and after the release of this information. We find that, following the release of the results, firms drew down approximately 10 pp more available funds from lines granted by banks that had a worse performance in the stress test. Moreover, before the release date, poorer performing banks were more likely to reduce the size of credit lines, while those with more significant balances of undrawn credit lines were more likely to cut term lending.
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Villamizar-Villegas, Mauricio, Lucía Arango-Lozano, Geraldine Castelblanco, Nicolás Fajardo-Baquero, and Maria A. Ruiz-Sanchez. The effects of Monetary Policy on Capital Flows: A Meta-Analysis. Banco de la República de Colombia, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1204.
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We investigate whether central banks are able to attract or redirect capital flows, by bringing together the entire empirical literature into the first quantitative meta-analysis on the subject. We dissect policy effects by the type of flow and by the origin of the monetary shock. Further, we assess whether policy effects depend on factors that drive investors to either search for yields or fly to safety. Our findings indicate a mean effect size of inflows in the amount of 0.09% of quarterly GDP in response to either a 100 basis point (bp) increase in the domestic policy rate or a 100bp reduction in the external rate. However, the effect size under a random effect specification is much lower (0.01%). Factors that significantly attract inflows include foreign exchange reserves, output growth, and financial openness, while factors that deter flows include foreign debt, capital controls, and departures from the uncovered interest rate parity. Also, both local and global risks matter (global risks exerting a larger pressure). Finally, we shed light on differences across the different types of flows: banking flows being the most responsive to monetary policy, while foreign direct investment being the least responsive.
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Miller, Eric T. Financial Services in the Trading System: Progress and Prospects. Inter-American Development Bank, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008609.
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In the winter of 1996, Canada's third largest financial institution, the Bank of Montreal, launched a now infamous advertising campaign in which it asked the question: Can a bank change? While the resulting ads naturally responded in the affirmative, many other large financial institutions were asking themselves the same question. The dramatic acceleration since the mid-to-late 1980's of the rate at which banks are establishing branches and/or investing in financial institutions outside of their home markets combined with the dismantling by governments around the world of many traditional regulatory restrictions is resulting in the re-making of the financial services industry in its entirety. Central to this process has been a wave of mergers and alliances, many of which increasingly cut across the classical sectoral sub-divisions (commercial banking, securities, insurance etc.). The end result has been the gradual emergence of singular financial amorphisms capable of offering any service globally. In addition to these structural changes, an important result of this wave of mergers, alliances and foreign investment has been that financial institutions have become global players in terms of market presence, rather than just loan portfolios. This, in turn, has meant that the volume and importance of international trade in financial services has substantially increased in recent years. As the international trade of financial services has developed, governments have sought to establish a framework of rules to govern it. However, this process has not occurred in a vacuum. Over the past 15 years, international trade in goods has become substantially freer, international trade in services (of which financial services constitute a part) has grown dramatically, and international capital flows have become more open. While volumes have been written about both international trade in goods and international capital flows and a burgeoning literature exists on trade in services, comparatively little has been written specifically about international trade in financial services. This paper is designed to help fill this void. The core of the paper consists of three specific cases: (1) the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (CUSFTA); (2) the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA); (3) the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade in Financial Services. These selections constitute a logical progression. The CUSFTA was the first trade agreement ever to include provisions on financial services. The NAFTA, negotiated shortly thereafter contains the most far-reaching provisions in the world in this area. Finally, the WTO Financial Services Agreement marks the first time that such disciplines have been successfully negotiated on a global level. In order to make an examination of an Agreement consisting of 56 different schedules possible, this section will focus on the commitments of a number of sample countries in a specific region of the world, namely Latin America.